Ping"-pong`,v. i.To play ping- pong.
Pin`gue*fac"tion (?),n.[L.pinguefacere,pinguefactum, to fatten;pinguisfat +facereto make.](Med.)A making of, or turning into, fat.
Pin*ta"do (?),n.A fish (Scomberomorus regalis) similar to, but larger than, the Spanish mackerel, and having elongated spots, common about Florida and the West Indies.
Pin"to (?),a.[Sp., painted.] Lit., painted; hence, piebald; mottled; pied.
Pin"to,n.Any pied animal; esp., a pied or "painted" horse.
Pintsch gas (?). [After RichardPintsch, German inventor.] A kind of oil gas extensively used for lighting railroad cars, which carry it in compressed form.
Pi`o*neers'" Day (?). In Utah, a legal holiday, July 24, commemorated the arrival, in 1847, of Brigham Young and his followers at the present site of Salt Lake City.
Pipe line. A line of pipe with pumping machinery and apparatus for conveying liquids, esp. petroleum, between distant points.
Pipe"-line`,v. t.To convey by a pipe line; to furnish with a pipe line or pipe lines.
{ Pi*per"a*zine (?),n.Also - zin }. [Piperidine +azote +-ine.](Chem.)A crystalline substance, (C2H4NH)2, formed by action of ammonia on ethylene bromide, by reduction of pyrazine, etc. It is a strong base, and is used as a remedy for gout.
Pipe"vine` (?),n.Any climbing species ofAristolochia; esp., the Dutchman's pipe (A. sipho).
Pipe"wood` (?),n.An ericaceous shrub (Leucothoë acuminata) of the southern United States, from the wood of which pipe bowls are made.
Pis*tache" (?),n.[OE.pistace, fr. F.pistache. See Pistachio.](Bot.)The anacardiaceous treePistacia vera, which yields the pistachio nut; also, the nut itself and the flavoring extract prepared from it.
Pis*ta"chio (?),n.1.The small anacardiaceous tree, of southern Europe and Asia Minor, which bears the pistachio nut.
2.(Cookery)The flavor of the pistachio nut, or an ice or confection flavored with it.
3.Pistachio green.
Pistachio green. A light yellowish green color resembling that of the pistachio nut.
Pis"ton ring.(Mach.)A spring packing ring, or any of several such rings, for a piston.
Pitch,n.(Elec.)The distance between symmetrically arranged or corresponding parts of an armature, measured along a line, called thepitch line, drawn around its length. Sometimes half of this distance is called the pitch.
Pitch of poles(Elec.), the distance between a pair of poles of opposite sign.
||Pith`e*can*thro"pus (?),n.[NL.; Gr. &?; ape + &?; man.]1.A hypothetical genus of primates intermediate between man and the anthropoid apes.Haeckel.
2.A genus consisting of an primate (P. erectus) apparently intermediate between man and the existing anthropoid apes, known from bones of a single individual found in Java (hence calledJava man) in 1891-92. These bones include a thigh bone of the human type, two molar teeth intermediate between those of man and the anthropoids, and the calvaria of the skull, indicating a brain capacity of about 900 cubic centimeters, and resembling in form that of the Neanderthal man. Also [pl.- thropi(&?;)], an animal of this genus. -- Pith`e*can"thrope (#),n.-- Pith`e*can"thro*poid (#),a.
Pit"ter-pat`ter (?),n.A sound like that of alternating light beats. Also, a pattering of words.
Pit"ter-pat`ter,adv.With, or with the sound of, alternating light beats; as, his heart wentpitter- patter.
Pi*tu"i*trin (?),n.(Biol. Chem.)A substance or extract from the pituitary body.
||Pit`y*ri"a*sis (?),n.(Veter.)A disease of domestic animals characterized by dry epithelial scales, and due to digestive disturbances and alteration of the function of the sebaceous glands.
Place,n.(Racing)The position of first, second, or third at the finish, esp. the second position. In betting, to win a bet on a horse forplaceit must, in the United States, finish first or second, in England, usually, first, second, or third.
Place (?),v. t.1.(Racing)To determine or announce the place of at the finish. Usually, in horse racing only the first three horses areplacedofficially.
2.(Rugby Football)To place-kick ( a goal).
Place"-kick`,v. t. & i.To make a place kick; to make (a goal) by a place kick. -- Place"- kick`er,n.
Plane,v. i.Of a boat, to lift more or less out of the water while in motion, after the manner of a hydroplane; to hydroplane.
||Plank"ton (plk"tn),n.[NL., fr. Gr. plagto`n, neut. of plagto`s wandering, pla`zesqai to wander.](Biol.)All the animals and plants, taken collectively, which live at or near the surface of salt or fresh waters. -- Plank*ton"ic (#),a.
Plan"o*ga*mete` (?),n.[Gr. &?; wandering + E.gamete.](Bot.)One of the motile ciliated gametes, or zoögametes, found in isogamous plants, as many green algæ (Chlorophyceæ).
||Pla`quette" (?),n.[F., dim. ofplaqueplate, plaque. See Plaque.] A small plaque, esp., in modern medal engraving, a small and delicate bas-relief, whether cast or struck from a die, or of form other than circular.
Plas"mon (?),n.[Cf. Plasma.] A flourlike food preparation made from skim milk, and consisting essentially of the unaltered proteid of milk. It is also used in making biscuits and crackers, for mixing with cocoa, etc. A mixture of this with butter, water, and salt is called Plasmon butter, and resembles clotted cream in appearance.
Plate (?),n.1.(Baseball)A small five-sided area (enveloping a diamond- shaped area one foot square) beside which the batter stands and which must be touched by some part of a player on completing a run; -- called alsohome base, orhome plate.
2.One of the thin parts of the bricket of an animal.
3.A very light steel racing horsehoe.
4.Loosely, a sporting contest for a prize; specif., in horse racing, a race for a prize, the contestants not making a stake.
5.Skins for fur linings of garments, sewed together and roughly shaped, but not finally cut or fitted. [Furrier's Cant]
6.(Hat Making)The fine nap (as of beaver, hare's wool, musquash, nutria, or English black wool) on a hat the body of which is of an inferior substance.
Plat"er (?),n.(Horse Racing)A horse that runs chiefly in plate, esp. selling-plate, races; hence, an inferior race horse.
Play,v. t.--To play hob, to play the part of a mischievous spirit; to work mischief.
||Plebs (plbz),n.[L. Cf. Plebe.]1.The commonalty of ancient Rome who were citizens without the usual political rights; the plebeians; - - distinguished from thepatricians.
2.Hence, the common people; the populace; -- construed as a pl.
||Ple"num,n.(Ventilation)A condition, as in an occupied room, in which the pressure of the air is greater than that of the outside atmosphere; as, aplenummay exist in a hall ventilated by a fan blower.
Plex"us (?),n.A network; an intricate or interwoven combination of elements or parts in a coherent structure.
In the perception of a tree the reference to an object is circumscribed and directed by aplexusof visual and other presentations.
In the perception of a tree the reference to an object is circumscribed and directed by aplexusof visual and other presentations.
G. F. Stout.
Plop (?),v. i.[imp. & p. p.Plopped (?);p. pr. & vb. n.Plopping.] [Imitative.] To fall, drop, or move in any way, with a sudden splash or slap, as on the surface of water.
The bodyploppedup, turning on its side.
The bodyploppedup, turning on its side.
Kipling.
Plop,n.Act of plopping; the sound made in plopping.
Plout"er (?),v. i.[Alsoplowter,plotter.] [Perh. imitative.] To wade or move about with splashing; to dabble; also, to potter; trifle; idle. [Scot. & Dial. Eng.]
I did not want toplowterabout any more.
I did not want toplowterabout any more.
Kipling.
Plout"er,n.[Alsoplowter.] Act of ploutering; floundering; act or sound of splashing. [Scot. & Dial.Eng.]
Plück"er tube (?). [So named after JuliusPlücker, a German physicist.](Physics)(a)A vacuum tube, used in spectrum analysis, in which the part through which the discharge takes place is a capillary tube, thus producing intense incandescence of the contained gases.(b)Crookes tube.
Plug,n.--Breech plug(Gun.), in breech-loading guns, the metal plug or cylinder which closes the aperture in the breech, through which the gun is loaded.
Plug board.(Elec.)A switchboard in which connections are made by means of plugs.
Plum,n.Something likened to a plum in desirableness; a good or choice thing of its kind, as among appointments, positions, parts of a book, etc.
Plum"cot (?),n.[Plum+ apricot.](Hort.)A cross between the plum and apricot.
Plump (?),a.Done or made plump, or suddenly and without reservation; blunt; unreserved; direct; downright.
After theplumpstatement that the author was at Erceldoune and spake with Thomas.
After theplumpstatement that the author was at Erceldoune and spake with Thomas.
Saintsbury.
Plunk (?),v. t.[Imitative.] [Chiefly Colloq.]1.To pluck and release quickly (a musical string); to twang.
2.To throw, push, drive heavily, plumply, or suddenly; as, toplunkdown a dollar; also, to hit or strike.
3.To be a truant from (school). [Scot.]
Plunk,v. i.[Chiefly Colloq.]1.To make a quick, hollow, metallic, or harsh sound, as by pulling hard on a taut string and quickly releasing it; of a raven, to croak.
2.To drop or sink down suddenly or heavily; to plump.
3.To play truant, or "hooky". [Scot.]
Plunk,n.1.Act or sound of plunking. [Colloq.]
2.[Slang](a)A large sum of money. [Obs.](b)A dollar. [U. S.]
Plu"vi*o*graph (?),n.[L.pluviarain +-graph.] A self-registering rain gauge.
Plu`vi*og"ra*phy (?),n.[L.pluviarain +-graphy.] The branch of meteorology treating of the automatic registration of the precipitation of rain, snow, etc.; also, the graphic presentation of precipitation data.
Plu`vi*om"e*try (?),n.[L.pluviarain +-metry.] That department of meteorology that treats of the measurement of the precipitation of rain, snow, etc.
Plu"vi*o*scope (?),n.[L.pluviarain +-scope.] A rain gauge.
Pneu*mat"ic (?),n.A vehicle, as a bicycle, the wheels of which are fitted with pneumatic tires.
{ Pneu*mat"ic, Pneu*mat"ic*al },a.Adapted for containing compressed air; inflated with air; as, apneumaticcushion; apneumatictire, a tire formed of an annular tube of flexible fabric, as India rubber, suitable for being inflated with air.
Pock"et (?),n.Any hollow place suggestive of a pocket in form or use; specif.:(a)A bin for storing coal, grain, etc.(b)A socket for receiving the foot of a post, stake, etc.(c)A bight on a lee shore.
Pocket veto. The retention by the President of the United States of a bill unsigned so that it does not become a law, in virtue of the following constitutional provision (Const. Art. I., sec. 7, cl. 2): "If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their adjournment prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law." Also, an analogous retention of a bill by a State governor.
Po"ets' Cor"ner (?). An angle in the south transept of Westminster Abbey, London; -- so called because it contains the tombs of Chaucer, Spenser, Dryden, Ben Jonson, Gray, Tennyson, Browning, and other English poets, and memorials to many buried elsewhere.
Pog`a*mog"gan (?),n.[North Amer. Indian.] An aboriginal weapon consisting of a stone or piece of antler fastened to the end of a slender wooden handle, used by American Indians from the Great Plains to the Mackenzie River.
Point,n.1.(Med.)A pointed piece of quill or bone covered at one end with vaccine matter; -- called alsovaccine point.
2.One of the raised dots used in certain systems of printing and writing for the blind. The first practical system was that devised by Louis Braille in 1829, and still used in Europe (see Braille). Two modifications of this are current in the United States:New York pointfounded on three bases of equidistant points arranged in two lines (viz., : :: :::), and a later improvement,American Braille, embodying the Braille base (:::) and the New-York-point principle of using the characters of few points for the commonest letters.
3.In technical senses:(a)In various games, a position of a certain player, or, by extension, the player himself; as: (1)(Lacrosse & Ice Hockey)The position of the player of each side who stands a short distance in front of the goal keeper; also, the player himself. (2)(Baseball)(pl.) The position of the pitcher and catcher.(b)(Hunting)A spot to which a straight run is made; hence, a straight run from point to point; a cross-country run. [Colloq. Oxf. E. D.](c)(Falconry)The perpendicular rising of a hawk over the place where its prey has gone into cover.(d)Act of pointing, as of the foot downward in certain dance positions.
Point alphabet. An alphabet for the blind with a system of raised points corresponding to letters.
Point appliqué. Lace having a needle-made design applied to a net ground, this ground often being machine- made.
Point switch.(Railroads)A switch made up of a rail from each track, both rails being tapered far back and connected to throw alongside the through rail of either track.
Poison bush. In Australia:(a)Any fabaceous shrub of the genusGastrolobium, the herbage of which is poisonous to stock; also, any species of several related genera, asOxylobium,Gompholobium, etc.(b)The plantMyoporum deserti, often distinguished asEllangowan poison bushordogwood poison bush.(c)The ulmaceous plantTrema cannabina, which, though not poisonous, is injurious to stock because of its large amount of fiber.
Poison cup.1.A cup containing poison.
2.A cup that was supposed to break on having poison put into it.
Poker dice. A game played with five dice in which the count is usually made, in order, by pairs, two pairs, three of a kind, full houses, four of a kind, and five of a kind (the highest throw), similar to poker; also, the dice used in this game, esp. when marked with the ace, king, queen, jack, ten, and nine instead of the usual digits.
Police power.(Law)The inherent power of a government to regulate its police affairs. The termpolice poweris not definitely fixed in meaning. In the earlier cases in the United States it was used as including the whole power of internal government, or the powers of government inherent in every sovereignty to the extent of its dominions (11 Peters (U. S.) 102). The later cases have excepted from its domain the development and administration of private law. Modern political science defines the power as a branch of internal administration in the exercise of which the executive should move within the lines of general principles prescribed by the constitution or the legislature, and in the exercise of which the most local governmental organizations should participate as far as possible (Burgess). Under this limitation the police power, as affecting persons, is the power of the state to protect the public against the abuse of individual liberty, that is, to restrain the individual in the exercise of his rights when such exercise becomes a danger to the community. The tendency of judicial and popular usage is towards this narrower definition.
||Po`lis`soir" (?),n.[F.]1.A polishing or grinding implement or instrument.
2.(Glass Making)A tool consisting of a flat wooden block with a long iron handle, used for flattening out split cylinders of blown glass.
Po"lo,n.A game similar to hockey played by swimmers.
Po"lo (?),n.[Sp., an air or popular song in Andalucia.] A Spanish gypsy dance characterized by energetic movements of the body while the feet merely shuffle or glide, with unison singing and rhythmic clapping of hands.
Po*lo"ni*um (?),n.[NL. So named after Poland, in L. formPolonia, one of the discoverers being a Pole.](Chem.)A supposed new element, a radioactive substance discovered by M. and MMe. Curie in pitchblende. It is closely related chemically to bismuth. It emits only alpha rays and is perhaps identical with radium F.
Pol"y*phase (?),a.[Poly-+phase.](Elec.)Having or producing two or more phases; multiphase; as, apolyphasemachine, a machine producing two or more pressure waves of electro-motive force, differing in phase; apolyphasecurrent.
Pol"y*phas`er (?),n.(Elec.)A machine generating more than one pressure wave; a multiphaser.
{ Pol`y*pho"tal (?), Pol"y*phote (?) },a.[Poly-+ Gr. &?;, &?;, light.](Elec.)Pertaining to or designating arc lamps so constructed that more than one can be used on a single circuit.
Pol"y*type (?),n.[Poly-+- type: cf. F.polytype, a.](Print.)A cast, or facsimile copy, of an engraved block, matter in type, etc. -- Pol"y*type,a.
Pol"y*type,v. t.[imp. & p. p.-typed (?);p. pr. & vb. n.- typing (?).](Print.)To produce a polytype of; as, topolytypean engraving.
Po"mi*cul`ture (?),n.[L.pomumfruit +culturaculture.](Hort.)The culture of fruit; pomology as an art.
Pom*pe"ian (?),a.[L.Pompeianus.] Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of, Pompeii, an ancient city of Italy, buried by an eruption of Vesuvius in 79 a. d., and partly uncovered by modern excavations.
Pompeian red.(Art)A brownish red approaching maroon, supposed to be imitated from the color of the wall panels of houses in Pompeii, which were decorated during the last age of the Republic.
Pom"-pom` (?),n.[Imitative.] A Vickers-Maxim one-pounder automatic machine cannon using metallic ammunition fed from a lopped belt attached to the gun; -- popularly so called from its peculiar drumming sound in action. Sometimes, any of other similar automatic cannons.
Pom"pon (?),n.(a)A hardy garden chrysanthemum having buttonlike heads of flowers.(b)Any of several dwarf varieties of the Provence rose.
Ponce"let (?),n.[After Jean VictorPoncelet, French engineer.](Physics)A unit of power, being the power obtained from an expenditure of one hundred kilogram-meters of energy per second. One poncelet equalsgwatts, whengis the value of the acceleration of gravity in centimeters.
Po"ne (p"n),n.[L.pone, imper. ofponereto place.]1.(a)An original writ, now superseded by the writ of certiorari, for removing a case from an inferior court into the Court of Exchequer.(b)An obsolete writ to enforce appearance in court by attaching goods or requiring securities.
2.(pron.pn)(Card Playing)The player who cuts the cards, being usually the player on the dealer's right.
Poo"nah paint`ing (?). [FromPoona, in Bombay Province, India.] A style of painting, popular in England in the 19th century, in which a thick opaque color is applied without background and with scarcely any shading, to thin paper, producing flowers, birds, etc., in imitation of Oriental work. Hence:Poonah brush,paper,painter, etc.
Pope's head (?). A long-handled brush for dusting ceilings, etc., also for washing windows. [Cant]
||Po*pov"tsy (?),n. pl.[Russ., prop., those having popes or priests.] See Raskolnik.
Pop"u*lism (?),n.(U. S. Politics)The political doctrines advocated by the People's party.
Pop"u*list (?),n.[L.populuspeople +-ist.](U. S. Politics)A member of the People's party. -- Pop`u*lis"tic (#),a.
Por"gy (?),n.(Zoöl.)Any one of numerous sparoid food fishes, as the joltheadporgy, the sheepsheadporgy(Calamus penna) of the West Indies, the grassporgy(Calamus arctifrons) of Florida, and the redporgy(Pagrus pagrus) of Europe.
Po"ro*type (?),n.[See Pore,n., and -type.] A copy of a print, writing, etc., made by placing it upon a chemically prepared paper which is acted upon by a gas which permeates the paper of the print, writing, etc.
{ ||Po`seur" (?),n. masc.;pl.Poseurs(&?;), ||Po`seuse" (?),n. fem.;pl.Poseuses(&?;) }, [F.] A person who poses or attitudizes, esp. mentally.
Pos"i*tive,a.1.(Mach. & Mech.)(a)Designating, or pertaining to, a motion or device in which the movement derived from a driver, or the grip or hold of a restraining piece, is communicated through an unyielding intermediate piece or pieces; as, a claw clutch is apositiveclutch, while a friction clutch is not.(b)Designating, or pertaining to, a device giving a to-and-fro motion; as, apositivedobby.
2.(Vehicles)Designating a method of steering or turning in which the steering wheels move so that they describe concentric arcs in making a turn, to insure freedom from side slip or harmful resistance.
{ Post`ex*il"i*an (?), Post`ex*il"ic (?) },a.} After the exile; specif.(Jewish Hist.), belonging to a period subsequent to the Babylonian captivity or exile (b. c. 597 or about 586-about 537).
Post*gla"cial (?),a.(Geol.)(a)Formed or occurring after the last glacial epoch of the Pleistocene period, or at a locality within the area of Pleistocene glaciation after the final disappearance of the glacier from the locality.(b)Of, pertaining to, or designating, an epoch after the last Glacial and before the Terrace epoch. [R.]
Post*grad"u*ate (?),a.[Pref.post-+graduate.] Of, pertaining to, or designating, the studies pursued after graduation, esp., after receiving the bachelor's degree at a college; graduate. --n.A student who pursues such studies.
Most careful writers consider the wordgraduateto be the proper word to use in this sense.
Post`-im*pres"sion*ism,n.(Painting)In the broadest sense, the theory or practice of any of several groups of recent painters, or of these groups taken collectively, whose work and theories have in common a tendency to reaction against the scientific and naturalistic character of impressionism and neo-impressionism. In a strict sense the term post- impressionism is used to denote the effort at self-expression, rather than representation, shown in the work of Cézanne, Matisse, etc.; but it is more broadly used to includecubism, the theory or practice of a movement in both painting and sculpture which lays stress upon volume as the important attribute of objects and attempts its expression by the use of geometrical figures or solids only; andfuturism, a theory or practice which attempts to place the observer within the picture and to represent simultaneously a number of consecutive movements and impressions. In practice these theories and methods of the post-impressionists change with great rapidity and shade into one another, so that a picture may be both cubist and futurist in character. They tend to, and sometimes reach, a condition in which both representation and traditional decoration are entirely abolished and a work of art becomes a purely subjective expression in an arbitrary and personal language.
Pot,v. t.1.To shoot for the pot, i.e., cooking; to secure or hit by a pot shot; to shoot when no special skill is needed.
When hunted, it [the jaguar] takes refuge in trees, and this habit is well known to hunters, who pursue it with dogs andpotit when treed.
When hunted, it [the jaguar] takes refuge in trees, and this habit is well known to hunters, who pursue it with dogs andpotit when treed.
Encyc. of Sport.
2.To secure; gain; win; bag. [Colloq.]
Pot,v. i.To take a pot shot or shots, as at game or an enemy.
Pot,n.1.The total of the bets at stake at one time, as in racing or card playing; the pool; also(Racing, Eng.)a horse heavily backed; a favorite. [Slang]
2.(Armor)A plain defensive headpiece; later, and perhaps in a jocose sense, any helmet; -- called alsopot helmet.
3.(Card Playing)The total of the bets at one time; the pool.
||Pot`-au`-feu" (?),n.[F., lit., pot on the fire.](Cookery)A dish of broth, meat, and vegetables prepared by boiling in a pot, -- a dish esp. common among the French.Grant Allen.
{ Po*teen" (?), Po*theen" (?) },n.[Ir.poitina small pot, whisky made in private stills; cf.potapot, fr. E.pot.] Whisky distilled in a small way privately or illicitly by the Irish peasantry.
||Po`tiche" (?),n.; pl.- tiches(#). [F., fr.pota pot.](Ceramics)A vase with a separate cover, the body usually rounded or polygonal in plan with nearly vertical sides, a neck of smaller size, and a rounded shoulder.
Pot lace. Lace whose pattern includes one or more representations of baskets or bowls from which flowers spring.
Pot"latch` (?),n.[Chinookpotlatch,pahtlatch, fr. Nootkapahchilt,pachalt, a gift.]1.Among the Kwakiutl, Chimmesyan, and other Indians of the northwestern coast of North America, a ceremonial distribution by a man of gifts to his own and neighboring tribesmen, often, formerly, to his own impoverishment. Feasting, dancing, and public ceremonies accompany it.
2.Hence, a feast given to a large number of persons, often accompanied by gifts. [Colloq., Northwestern America]
Pot lead. Graphite, or black lead, often used on the bottoms of racing vessels to diminish friction.
Pot shot. Lit., a shot fired simply to fill the pot; hence, a shot fired at an animal or person when at rest or within easy range, or fired simply to kill, without reference to the rules of sport; a shot needling no special skill.
{ Pouf Pouffe } (pf),n.[Written alsopouff.] [F.pouf. Cf. Puff,n.] Lit., a puff; specif.:(a)A soft cushion, esp. one circular in shape and not, like a pilow, of bag form, or thin at the edges.(b)A piece of furniture like an ottoman, generally circular and affording cushion seats on all sides.
Pou*lard" (p*lärd"),n.[F.poulardepullet, fr.poulehen. See Pullet.](Zoöl.)A pullet from which the ovaries have been removed to produce fattening; hence, a fat pullet.
||Pousse"-ca`fé" (?),n.[F., fr.pousserto push +cafécoffee.] A drink served after coffee at dinner, usually one of several liqueurs, or cordials, of different specific gravities poured so as to remain separate in layers; hence, such a drink of cordials served at any time.
||Pou sto (p st; pou st). [Gr. poy^ stw^ where I may stand; -- from the reputed saying of Archimedes, "Give me where I may stand and I will move the whole world with my steelyard."] A place to stand upon; a locus standi; hence, a foundation or basis for operations.
||Prac"ti*co (?),n.; pl.Practicos(#). [Sp., lit., experienced, skilled. Cf. Practical.] A guide. [Cuba & Phil. Islands]D. C. Worcester.
Prai"rie State. Illinois; -- a nickname.
Pra"line (prä"ln),n.[F.] A confection made of nut kernels, usually of almonds, roasted in boiling sugar until brown and crisp.
Bonbons,pralines, . . . saccharine, crystalline substances of all kinds and colors.
Bonbons,pralines, . . . saccharine, crystalline substances of all kinds and colors.
Du Maurier.
||Prall"tril`ler (?),n.;G. pl.-triller. [G.](Music)A melodic embellishment consisting of the quick alternation of a principal tone with an auxiliary tone above it, usually the next of the scale; -- called also theinverted mordente.
Pre`ad*mis"sion (?),n.Lit., previous admission; specif.(Engin.), admission, as of steam, to the engine cylinder before the back stroke is completed, thus increasing the cushioning.
||Pré`cieuse",n.An affected woman of polite society, esp. one of the literary women of the French salons of the 17th century.
Pre`ci*os"i*ty (?),n.; pl.- ties(#). [F.préciosité, OF. alsoprecieuseté.] Fastidious refinement, esp. in language; specif., the affected purism and sententiousness characteristic of the French précieuses of the 17th century.
He had the fastidiousness, thepreciosity, the love of archaisms, of your true decadent.
He had the fastidiousness, thepreciosity, the love of archaisms, of your true decadent.
L. Douglas.
Pre"cious (?),a.Particular; fastidious; overnice; overrefined. Cf. Précieuse, Preciosity.
Lest thatpreciousfolk be with me wroth.
Lest thatpreciousfolk be with me wroth.
Chaucer.
Elaborate embroidery ofpreciouslanguage.
Elaborate embroidery ofpreciouslanguage.
Saintsbury.
Pre*cip`i*ta"tion,n.(Meteor.)A deposit on the earth of hail, mist, rain, sleet, or snow; also, the quantity of water deposited.
Deposits of dew, fog, and frost are not regarded by the United States Weather Bureau asprecipitation. Sleet and snow are melted, and the record ofprecipitationshows the depth of the horizontal layers of water in hundredths of an inch or in millimeters.
Preferential voting.(Political Science)A system of voting, as at primaries, in which the voters are allowed to indicate on their ballots their preference (usually their first and second choices) between two or more candidates for an office, so that if no candidate receives a majority of first choices the one receiving the greatest number of first and second choices together in nominated or elected.
Pre`ig*ni"tion (?),n.(Engin.)Ignition in an internal-combustion engine while the inlet valve is open or before compression is completed.
||Pre*mière" (?),a. fem.[F., prop. fem. ofpremierfirst. See Premier,a.] First; chief; as, apremièredanseuse. --n. fem.;pl.- mières(F.pre*myâr").(a)The leading woman of a group, esp. in a theatrical cast.(b)A first performance, as of a play; a first night.
Pre-Raph"a*el*ite,n.Popularly, any modern artist thought to be a would-be restorer of early ideas or methods, as one of the German painters often calledNazarenes, or one who paints and draws with extreme minuteness of detail.
{ Pres"ent value or worth } (of money payable at a future date). The principal which, drawing interest at a given rate, will amount to the given sum at the date on which this is to be paid; thus, interest being at 6%, the present value of $106 due one year hence is $100.
Press"board` (?),n.A kind of highly sized rag paper or board, sometimes containing a small admixture of wood pulp; -- so called because used originally, as now, in presses for pressing and finishing knit underwear.
Press cake. A cake of compressed substance, as: in gunpowder manufacture, the cake resulting from compressing the meal powder; in the treatment of coal tar, the pressed product at various stages of the process; or, in beet-sugar manufacture, the vegetable residue after the sugar juice has been expressed.
Press proof.(Print.)(a)The last proof for correction before sending to press.(b)A proof taken on a press, esp. to show impression, margins, color, etc.
Press revise.(Print.)A proof for final revision.
Pres"sure (?),n.Electro-motive force.
Pressure wires.(Elec.)Wires leading from various points of an electric system to a central station, where a voltmeter indicates the potential of the system at those points.
Press"work` (?),n.1.Work done on or by a press.
2.(Metal Work)Act or process of pressing or drawing with dies or presses; also, the product of such work.
3.(Cabinetmaking)Work consisting of a series of cross-grained veneers united by glue, heat, and pressure.
4.Pottery produced by pressing clay into molds.
5.Usually Press work. The work of a press agent. [Chiefly Theat. Cant]
Prime,a.(Math.)(a)Divisible by no number except itself or unity; as, 7 is aprimenumber.(b)Having no common factor; -- used withto; as, 12 isprimeto 25.
Prim"rose` League.(Eng. Politics)A league of both sexes among the Conservatives, founded in 1883. So called becauseprimrosewas (erroneously, it is said) taken to be the favorite flower of the Conservative statesman Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield.
Print"ing in.(Photog.)A process by which cloud effects or other features not in the original negative are introduced into a photograph. Portions, such as the sky, are covered while printing and the blank space thus reserved is filled in by printing from another negative.
Printing out.(Photog.)A method of printing, in which the image is fully brought out by the direct actinic action of light without subsequent development by means of chemicals.
Pri"or (?),a.First, precedent, or superior in the order of cognition, reason or generality, origin, development, rank, etc.
Prism glass. Glass with one side smooth and the other side formed into sharp-edged ridges so as to reflect the light that passes through, used at windows to throw the light into the interior.
||Pri*vat"do*cent` (?),n.;G. pl.-docenten(#). [AlsoPrivatdozent.] [G.;privatprivate +docentteacher. See Docent.] In the universities of Germany and some other European countries, a licensed teacher or lecturer having no share in the university government and dependent upon fees for remuneration.
Proc"ess plate.(a)A plate prepared by a mechanical process, esp. a photomechanical process.(b)A very slow photographic plate, giving good contrasts between high lights and shadows, used esp. for making lantern slides.
Prod"uce race.(Horse Racing)A race to be run by the produce of horses named or described at the time of entry.
Pro*duc"er's goods (?).(Polit. Econ.)Goods that satisfy wants only indirectly as factors in the production of other goods, such as tools and raw material; -- called alsoinstrumental goods,auxiliary goods,intermediate goods, orgoods of the second and higher orders, and disting. fromconsumers' goods.
Producer's surplus.(Polit. Econ.)Any profit above the normal rate of interest and wages accruing to a producer on account of some monopoly (temporary or permanent) of the means or materials of production; -- called also Producer's rent.
Pro*gress"ive,a.(U. S. Politics)Of or pertaining to the Progressive party.
Progressive party.(U. S. Politics)The political party formed, chiefly out of the Republican party, by the adherents of Theodore Roosevelt in the presidential campaign of 1912. The nameProgressiveparty was chosen at the meeting held on Aug. 7, 1912, when the candidates were nominated and the platform adopted. Among the chief articles in the platform are those demanding direct primaries, preferential primaries for presidential nominations, direct election of United States senators, women's suffrage, and recall of judicial decisions in certain cases.
Pro*jec"tor,n.An optical instrument for projecting a picture upon a screen, as by a magic lantern or by an instrument for projecting (by reflection instead of transmission of light) a picture of an opaque object, as photographs, picture post-cards, insects, etc., in the colors of the object itself. In this latter form the projection is accomplished by means of a combination of lenses with a prism and a mirror or reflector. Specific instruments have been called by different names, such asradiopticon,mirrorscope,balopticon, etc.
||Pro"sit (?),interj.[L., 3d pers. sing. subj. present ofprodesseto do good;profor +esseto be.] Lit., may it do (you) good; -- a salutation used in well wishing, esp. among Germans, as in drinking healths.
Pro"te*id,n.--Defensive proteid(Physiol. Chem.), one of a class of proteid substances, present in some animal tissues and fluids, that make the body immune to certain infectious diseases by destroying or rendering inactive the toxic products of bacterial growth.
Pro"te*in,n.(Physiol. Chem.)In chemical analysis, the total nitrogenous material in vegetable or animal substances, obtained by multiplying the total nitrogen found by a factor, usually 6.25, assuming most proteids to contain approximately 16 per cent of nitrogen.
Pro"te*ose` (?),n.[Proteid +-ose.](Physiol. Chem.)One of a class of soluble products formed in the digestion of proteids with gastric and pancreatic juice, and also by the hydrolytic action of boiling dilute acids on proteids. Proteoses are divided into the two groups, theprimaryandsecondaryproteoses.
Pro`to*met"als (?),n. pl.A finer form of metals, indicated by enhanced lines in their spark spectra (which are also observed in the spectra of some stars), obtained at the highest available laboratory temperatures (Lockyer); as protocalcium, protochromium, protocopper, protonickel, protosilicon, protostrontium, prototitanium, protovanadium. -- Pro`to*me*tal"ic (#),a.
Prov"e*nance (?),n.[F., fr.provenirto originate, to come forth, L.provenire. Cf. Provenience.] Origin; source; provenience.
Their age attested by theirprovenanceand associations.
Their age attested by theirprovenanceand associations.
A. H. Keane.
Pro*ve"ni*ence (?),n.[L.proveniens,-entis, p.pr. ofprovenireto come forth;proforth +venireto come.] Origin; source; place where found or produced; provenance; -- used esp. in the fine arts and in archæology; as, theprovenienceof a patera.
Pro*ve"ni*ent (?),a.[L.proveniens, p.pr.] Forthcoming; issuing. [Rare]
Prox`e*ne"tism (?),n.[Gr. &?; agent +-ism; cf. F.proxénétisme.] The action of a go-between or broker in negotiating immoral bargains between the sexes; procuring.
Psy`cha*nal"y*sis (?),n.[Psycho-+analysis.] A method or process of psychotherapeutic analysis based on the work of Dr. Sigmund Freud (1856- --) of Vienna. The method rests upon the theory that hysteria is characteristically due to repression of desires consciously rejected but subconsciously persistent; it consists in a close analysis of the patient's mental history, stress being laid upon the dream life, and of treatment by means of suggestion. -- Psy*chan`a*lyt"ic (#),a.-- Psy`cha*nal"y*sist (#),n.
Psy`cho*a*nal"y*sis (?),n.-- Psy`cho*an`a*lyt"ic,a.etc. = Psychanalysis, Psychanalytic.
Psy`cho*ther`a*peu"tics (?),n.[Psycho-+therapeutics.](Med.)The treatment of disease by acting on the mind, as by suggestion; mind cure; psychotherapy.
Psy`cho*ther"a*py (?),n.[Psycho-+therapy.](Med.)Psychotherapeutics.
Publicity pamphlet. A pamphlet which, in some States of the United States having the initiative or referendum, is mailed to the voters to inform them as to the nature of a measure submitted by the initiative or referendum. The pamphlet contains a copy of the proposed law and arguments for and against it by those favoring and opposing it, respectively.
Public school.(a)In Great Britain, any of various schools maintained by the community, wholly or partly under public control, or maintained largely by endowment and not carried on chiefly for profit; specif., and commonly, any of various select and usually expensive endowed schools which give a liberal modern education or prepare pupils for the universities. Eton, Harrow, Rugby, and Winchester are of this class.(b)In the United States, a free primary, grammar, or high school maintained by the local government.
{ Public-service corporation or sometimes Quasi-public corporation }. A corporation, such as a railroad company, lighting company, water company, etc., organized or chartered to follow a public calling or to render services more or less essential to the general public convenience or safety.
Puck (?),n.A disk of vulcanized rubber used in the game of hockey, as the object to be driven through the goals.
||Puck"a (?),a.[Written alsopukka.] [Hind.pakkcooked, ripe, solid.] Good of its kind; -- variously used as implying substantial, real, fixed, sure, etc., and specif., of buildings, made of brick and mortar. [India]
It'spukkafamine, by the looks of it.
It'spukkafamine, by the looks of it.
Kipling.
{ Pud"ding fish, Pudding wife }. [Prob. corrupted fr. the Sp. name in Cuba,pudiano verde.](Zoöl.)A large, handsomely colored, blue and bronze, labroid fish (Iridio, syn. Platyglossus, radiatus) of Florida, Bermuda, and the West Indies. Called alsopudiano,doncella, and, at Bermuda,bluefish.
||Pug (?),n.[Hind.pagfoot.] A footprint; a track; as of a boar. [India]
Pug"ga*ree (?),n.Same as Puggry.
{ Pug"gry (?), Pug"gree (?) },n.[Written alsopuggaree,puggeree, etc.] [Hind.pagiturban.] A light scarf wound around a hat or helmet to protect the head from the sun. [India]Yule.
A blue-gray felt hat with a goldpuggaree.
A blue-gray felt hat with a goldpuggaree.
Kipling.
||Puk"ka (?),a.Same as Pucka. [India]
Pull"dev`il (?),n.A number of fishhooks rigidly fastened back to be pulled through the water to catch fish.
Pul*mom"e*try (?),n.[L.pulmoa lung +-metry.] The determination of the capacity of the lungs.
Pul"mo`tor (?),n.[L.pulmolung + E.motor.] An apparatus for producing artificial respiration by pumping oxygen or air or a mixture of the two into and out of the lungs, as of a person who has been asphyxiated by drowning, breathing poisonous gases, or the like, or of one who has been stunned by an electrical shock.
||Pu"na (?),n.[Sp., of Peruv. origin.] A cold arid table-land, as in the Andes of Peru.
Pun"ish,v. t.To deal with roughly or harshly; -- chiefly used with regard to a contest; as, our troopspunishedthe enemy. [Colloq. or Slang]
Pun"ish*ment (?),n.Severe, rough, or disastrous treatment. [Colloq. or Slang]
Punk"ie (?),n.[Orig. unknown.] A minute biting fly of the genusCeratopogonor allied genus of the familyChironomidæ, found in swarms in various densely wooded or mountaneous regions. [U. S.]
Punt,v. i.1.To boat or hunt in a punt.
2.To punt a football.
||Pun*tel"lo (?),n.; pl.- li(#). [It., dim. ofpuntopoint.](Sculpture)One of the points sometimes drilled as guides for cutting away superfluous stone.
Punt"er,n.(London Stock Exchange)A scalper.
Punt"-out`,n.(American Football)A punt made from the goal line by a player of the side which has made a touchdown to one of his own side for a fair catch, from which an attempt to kick a goal may be made.
Push,n.A crowd; a company or clique of associates; a gang. [Slang]
Push button.(Elec.)A simple device, resembling a button in form, so arranged that pushing it closes an electric circuit, as of an electric bell.
Pu*tresce" (?),v. i.[See Putrescent.] To become putrescent or putrid; to putrefy.
Ordinarily sewage does notputresceuntil from twenty-four to sixty hours after its discharge.
Ordinarily sewage does notputresceuntil from twenty-four to sixty hours after its discharge.
Nature.
Putt (?),n.[Cf. Put,v. t.](Golf)A stroke made on the putting green to play the ball into a hole.
Putt,v. i.(Golf)To make a putt.
Put"tee (?),n.Same as Putty, a kind of gaiter.
Putt"er (?),n.(Golf)(a)A club with a short shaft and either a wooden or a metal head, used in putting.(b)One who putts.
Putt"ing green (?).(Golf)The green, or plot of smooth turf, surrounding a hole. "The termputting greenshall mean the ground within twenty yards of the hole, excepting hazards."Golf Rules.
Put"ty (?),n.(Golf)A ball made of composition and not gutta percha. [Colloq.]
Put"ty,n.;pl.Putties(#). [Written alsoputtee,puttie.] [Hind.pairibbon, brace, tie.] A kind of gaiter of waterproof cloth wrapped around the leg, used by soldiers, etc.
Puz"zle-head`ed,a.Having the head full of confused notions; given to getting perplexed over simple matters; also, characteristic of persons that are so.Johnson.
{ ||Py*æ"mi*a, ||Py*e"mi*a } (?),n.[NL., fr. Gr. &?; pus + &?; blood.](Med.)A form of blood poisoning produced by the absorption of pyogenic microorganisms into the blood, usually from a wound or local inflammation. It is characterized by multiple abscesses throughout the body, and is attended with irregularly recurring chills, fever, profuse sweating, and exhaustion. -- Py*æ"mic, Py*e"mic (#),a.
Pyg"my,n.One of a race of Central African Negritos found chiefly in the great forests of the equatorial belt. THey are the shortest of known races, the adults ranging from less than four to about five feet in stature. They are timid and shy, dwelling in the recesses of the forests, though often on good terms with neighboring Negroes.
Py*ja"mas (?), or, chiefly U. S., Pa*ja"mas (&?;),n. pl.A garment, similar to the Oriental pyjama (which see), adopted among Europeans, Americans, and other Occidentals, for wear in the dressing room and during sleep; also, a suit of drawers and blouse for such wear.
Py"lon,n.1.A tower, commonly of steelwork, for supporting either end of a wire, as for a telegraph line, over a long span.
2.(Aëronautics)(a)Formerly, a starting derrick (the use of which is now abandoned) for an aëroplane.(b)A post, tower, or the like, as on an aërodrome, or flying ground, serving to bound or mark a prescribed course of flight.
Pyr"a*mid (?),v. i.(Speculation)To enlarge one's holding or interest in a series of operations on a continued rise or decline by using the profits to buy or sell additional amounts on a margin, as where one buys on a 10% margin 100 shares of stock quoted at 100, holds it till it rises to 105, and then uses the paper profit to buy 50 shares more, etc. The series of operations constitutes apyramid.
Pyr"a*mid,v. t.(Speculation)To use, or to deal in, in a pyramiding transaction. See Pyramid,v. i.
Pyr"a*mid,n.(Speculation)The series of operations involved in pyramiding. See Pyramid,v. i.
{ Pyr"a*zine (?),n.Also -zin }. [Pyridine + Gr. &?; not + &?; life.](Org. Chem.)A feebly basic solid, C4H4N2, obtained by distilling piperazine with zinc dust, and in other ways. Also, by extension, any of various derivatives of the same.
Py"ro*graph (?),n.A production of pyrography.
Py`ro*gra*vure" (?),n.[Pyro-+ F.gravureengraving.] Pyrography; also, a design or picture made by pyrography.
Py`ro*lig"nite (?),n.A crude acetate produced by treating pyroligneous acid with a metal or basic compound; as,pyroligniteof iron (iron liquor).
Py`rone (?),n.[G.pyron, an abbr. ofpyrokoman.](Org. Chem.)An unsaturated cyclic compound, C5H4O2, of which two varieties are known, α and γ. γ-pyrone is the parent substance of several natural yellow dyestuffs.
Q.
Qua`dril`lé" (?),a.[F.](Art)Marked with squares, generally by thin lines crossing at right angles and at equal intervals; as,quadrillépaper, or plotting paper.
Quad"ru*plane (?),n.[L.quadru-in comp. + E.plane.] An aëroplane with four superposed main supporting surfaces.
Quad"ru*plet (?),n.[From Quadruple.]1.A collection or combination of four of a kind.
2.pl. Four children born in the same labor.
3.A cycle for carrying four riders, so arranged that all the reders can assist in the propulsion.
Quar"tered (?),a.1.Divided into four equal parts or quarters; separated into four parts or regions.
2.Furnished with quarters; provided with shelter or entertainment.
3.Quarter-sawed; -- said of timber, commonly oak.
Quar"ter-saw` (?),v. t.[imp. & p. p.Quarter-sawed -sawn;p. pr. & vb. n.Quarter-sawing.] To saw (a log) into quarters; specif., to saw into quarters and then into boards, as by cutting alternately from each face of a quarter, to secure lumber that will warp relatively little or show the grain advantageously.
Qua"si cor`po*ra"tion. A corporation consisting of a person or body of persons invested with some of the qualities of an artificial person, though not expressly incorporated, esp. the official of certain municipal divisions such as counties, schools districts, and the towns of some States of the United States, certain church officials, as a churchwarden, etc.
||Quat`tro*cen"to (?),n. & a.[It., four hundred, used as an abbreviated expression for the dates beginning with fourteen hundred.] The fifteenth century, when applied to Italian art or literature; as, the sculpture of thequattrocento;quattrocentostyle. -- Quat`tro*cen"tist (#),n.
Queen olive. [Cf. Sp.aceituna de la Reinaolive of the Queen.](Olive Trade)Properly, a kind of superior olive grown in the region of Seville, Spain. It is large size and oblong shape with a small but long pit; it is cured when green, keeps well, and has a delicate flavor. Loosely, any olive of similar character.
Queer (?),v. t.[From Queer,a.]1.To puzzle. [Prov. Eng. or Slang]
2.To ridicule; to banter; to rally. [Slang]
3.To spoil the effect or success of, as by ridicule; to throw a wet blanket on; to spoil. [Slang]
Ques"tion*a*ry (?),n.A set of questions for submission to a group of persons for the purpose of bringing out their resemblances and differences in the matter considered. Thequestionary methodis a recognized form of psychological investigation.
||Ques`tion`naire" (?),n.; pl.-naires(F. &?;). [F.] = Questionary, above.
Qui"chuan (?),a.Designating, or pertaining to, a linguistic stock of South American Indians, including the majority of the civilized tribes of the ancient Peruvian Empire with some wild tribes never subjugated by the Incas. Most of these Indians are short, but heavy and strong. They are brachycephalic and of remarkably low cranial capacity. Nevertheless, they represent one of the highest of native American civilizations, characterized by agricultural, military, and administrative skill rather than by science or literature, although they were adept potters, weavers, and goldsmiths, and preserved by the aid of the mnemonic quipu a body of legendary lore in part written down since the introduction of writing.
Quid (?),n.[Etym. uncertain.] An English coin, a sovereign. [Slang, Eng.]
They invited him to come to-morrow, . . . and bring half aquidwith him.
They invited him to come to-morrow, . . . and bring half aquidwith him.
Charles Reade.
Quill,n.(Pharm.)A roll of dried bark; as, aquillof cinnamon or of cinchona.
Quin*troon" (?),n.[Sp.quinteronthe off-spring of a quadroon and a white.](Ethnol.)The off-spring of an octoroon and a white person.
Quin"tu*plet (?),n.[From Quintuple.]1.A collection or combination of five of a kind.
2.pl.Five children born in the same labor.
3.(Mus.)A group of five connected notes; a turn of five notes.
4.A cycle having five crank shafts and adapted for five riders, all of whom can assist in the propulsion.
Quir"i*nal (?),a.[L.Quirinals, fr.Quirinus, a name of Romulus.] Of, pertaining to, or designating, the hillCollis Quirinalis, nowMonte Quirinale(one of the seven hills of Rome), or a modern royal place situated upon it. Also used substantively.
Quod (?),v. t.To put in quod, or prison; to lock up; to jug. [Slang]Kipling.
R.
||Ra`bat" (?),n.[F. Cf. Rabato.](Eccl.)(a)A clerical linen collar.(b)A kind of clerical scarf fitted to a collar; as, a black silkrabat.
Race"a*bout` (?),n.(Naut.)A small sloop-rigged racing yacht carrying about six hundred square feet of sail, distinguished from a knockabout by having a short bowsprit.
Race suicide. The voluntary failure of the members of a race or people to have a number of children sufficient to keep the birth rate equal to the death rate.
Rack"a*rock` (?),n.[Rackto stretch, strain +a+rock.] A Sprengel explosive consisting of potassium chlorate and mono-nitrobenzene.
Rack"et,n.A scheme, dodge, trick, or the like; something taking place considered as exciting, trying, unusual, or the like; also, such occurrence considered as an ordeal; as, to work aracket; to stand upon theracket. [Slang]
Radial engine.(Mach.)An engine, usually an internal-combustion engine of a certain type (theradial type) having several cylinders arranged radially like the spokes of a complete wheel. Thesemiradial enginehas radiating cylinders on only one side of the crank shaft.
Ra"di*ant (?),a.(Physics)Emitted or transmitted by radiation; as, aradiantenergy;radiantheat.
Radiant engine.(Mach.)A semiradial engine. See Radial engine, above.
Ra"di*a`tor (?),n.1.Any of various devices for cooling an internal substance by radiation, as a system og rings on a gun barrel for cooling it, or a nest of tubes with large radiating surface for cooling circulating water, as in an automobile.
2.(Wireless Teleg.)An oscillator.
Ra"di*o (?),a.Of or pertaining to, or employing, or operated by, radiant energy, specifically that of electric waves; hence, pertaining to, or employed in, radiotelegraphy.
Ra`di*o-ac"tive (?),a.[Radio-+active.](Physics)Capable of luminescence under the action of cathode rays, X rays, or any of the allied forms of radiation. -- Ra`di*o-ac*tiv"i*ty,n.
Ra`di*o*con*duc"tor (?),n.(Elec.)A substance or device that has its conductivity altered in some way by electric waves, as a coherer.
Ra"di*o*graph (?),n.[Radio-+-graph.]1.An instrument for measuring and recording solar radiation.
2.An image or picture produced upon a sensitive surface, as of a photographic plate, by some form of radiation other than light, as the Röntgen rays, radium rays, etc.; esp., a picture of opaque objects traversed by the rays; a skiagraph.
Ra"di*o*graph,v. t.To make a radiograph of. -- Ra`di*og"ra*pher (#),n.
Ra`di*og"ra*phy (?),n.Art or process of making radiographs. -- Ra`di*o*graph"ic (#), *graph"ic*al (#),a.-- Ra`di*o*graph"ic*al*ly,adv.
Ra`di*om"e*try (?),n.(Physics)The use of the radiometer, or the measurement of radiation. -- Ra`di*o*met"ric (#),a.
Ra"di*o*phare (?),n.[Radio-+phare.] A radiotelegraphic station serving solely for determining the position of ships. The radius of operation of such stations was restricted by the International Radiotelegraphic Convention (1912) to 30 nautical miles.
Ra`di*op"ti*con (?),n.[Radio-+ stereopticon.] See Projector, above.
Ra`di*os"co*py (?),n.[Radio-+-scopy.] Direct observation of objects opaque to light by means of some other form of radiant energy, as the Röntgen rays. -- Ra`di*o*scop"ic (#), *scop"ic*al (#),a.
Ra`di*o*tel"e*gram (?),n.A message transmitted by radiotelegraph.
Ra`di*o*tel"e*graph (?),n.[Radio-+telegraph.] A wireless telegraph.
Ra`di*o*tel`e*graph"ic (?),a.Of or pertaining to radiotelegraphy; employing, or used or employed in, radiotelegraphy.
Ra`di*o*te*leg"ra*phy (?),n.[Radio-+telegraphy.] Telegraphy using the radiant energy of electrical (Hertzian) waves; wireless telegraphy; -- the term adopted for use by the Radiotelegraphic Convention of 1912.
Ra`di*o*tel"e*phone (?),n.A wireless telephone. -- Ra`di*o*te*leph"o*ny (#),n.
Ra`di*o*ther"a*py (?),n.[Radio-+therapy.](Med.)Treatment of disease by means of Röntgen rays or other forms of radioactivity.
Ra`di*o*tho"ri*um (?),n.(Chem.)A radioactive substance apparently formed as a product from thorium.
Ra`di*um (?),n.[NL., fr. L.radiusray.](Chem.)An intensely radioactive metallic element found (combined) in minute quantities in pitchblende, and various other uranium minerals. Symbol,Ra; atomic weight, 226.4. Radium was discovered by M. and Mme. Curie, of Paris, who in 1902 separated compounds of it by a tedious process from pitchblende. Its compounds color flames carmine and give a characteristic spectrum. It resembles barium chemically. Radium preparations are remarkable for maintaining themselves at a higher temperature than their surroundings, and for their radiations, which are of three kinds:alpha rays,beta rays, andgamma rays(see these terms). By reason of these rays they ionize gases, affect photographic plates, cause sores on the skin, and produce many other striking effects. Their degree of activity depends on the proportion of radium present, but not on its state of chemical combination or on external conditions.The radioactivity of radium is therefore an atomic property, and is explained as result from a disintegration of the atom. This breaking up occurs in at least seven stages; the successive main products have been studied and are calledradium emanationorexradio,radium A,radium B,radium C, etc. (The emanation is a heavy gas, the later products are solids.) These products are regarded as unstable elements, each with an atomic weight a little lower than its predecessor. It is possible that lead is the stable end product. At the same time the light gas helium is formed; it probably consists of the expelled alpha particles. The heat effect mentioned above is ascribed to the impacts of these particles. Radium, in turn, is believed to be formed indirectly by an immeasurably slow disintegration of uranium.