Chapter 2

Year"ling (?),n.[Year+- ling.] An animal one year old, or in the second year of its age; -- applied chiefly to cattle, sheep, and horses.

Year"ling,a.Being a year old. "Ayearlingbullock to thy name small smoke."Pope.

Year"ly (?),a.[AS.geárlic.]

1.Happening, accruing, or coming every year; annual; as, ayearlyincome; ayearlyfeast.

2.Lasting a year; as, ayearlyplant.

3.Accomplished in a year; as, theyearlycircuit, or revolution, of the earth.Shak.

Year"ly,adv.[AS.geárlice.] Annually; once a year to year; as, blessingsyearlybestowed.

Yearlywill I do this rite.

Shak.

Yearn (yrn),v. t.[imp. & p. p.Yearned (?);p. pr. & vb. n.Yearning.] [Alsoearn,ern; probably a corruption of OE.ermento grieve, AS.ierman,yrman, orgeierman,geyrman, fr.earmwretched, poor; akin to D. & G.arm, Icel.armr, Goth.arms. They-in English is perhaps due to the AS.ge(see Y-).] To pain; to grieve; to vex. [Obs.] "She laments, sir, for it, that it wouldyearnyour heart to see it."Shak.

Ityearnsme not if men my garments wear.

Shak.

Yearn,v. i.To be pained or distressed; to grieve; to mourn. [Obs.] "Falstaff he is dead, and we mustyearntherefore."Shak.

Yearn,v. i. & t.[See Yearnings.] To curdle, as milk. [Scot.]

Yearn,v. i.[OE.yernen,ernen,eornen, AS.geornian,gyrnan, fr.georndesirous, eager; akin to OS.gerndesirous,girnean,gernean, to desire, D.gaarnegladly, willingly, G.gern, OHG.gerno, adv.,gern, a., G.giergreed, OHG.girgreed,gerdesirous,gernto desire, G. begehren, Icel.girnato desire,gjarneager, Goth. faíhugaírnscovetous,gaírnjanto desire, and perhaps to Gr. chai`rein to rejoice, be glad, Skr.haryto desire, to like. √33.] To be filled with longing desire; to be harassed or rendered uneasy with longing, or feeling the want of a thing; to strain with emotions of affection or tenderness; to long; to be eager.

Joseph made haste; for his bowels didyearnupon his brother; and he sought where to weep.

Gen. xliii. 30.

Your mother's heartyearnstowards you.

Addison.

Yearn"ful (?),a.[OE.eornful, AS.geornfull.] Desirous. [Obs.]Ormulum. P. Fletcher.

Yearn"ing*ly,adv.With yearning.

Yearn"ings (?),n. pl.[Cf. AS.geirnan,geyrnan, to rum. See 4th Earn.] The maws, or stomachs, of young calves, used as a rennet for curdling milk. [Scot.]

Yearth (?),n.The earth. [Obs.] "Is my son dead or hurt or on theyerthefelled?"Ld. Berners.

Yeast (?),n.[OE.eest,est, AS.gist; akin to D.gest,gist, G.gischt,gäscht, OHG.jesan,jerian, to ferment, G.gischen,gäschen,gähren, Gr. &?; boiled, zei^n to boil, Skr.yas. √111.]

1.The foam, or troth (top yeast), or the sediment (bottom yeast), of beer or other in fermentation, which contains the yeast plant or its spores, and under certain conditions produces fermentation in saccharine or farinaceous substances; a preparation used for raising dough for bread or cakes, and making it light and puffy; barm; ferment.

2.Spume, or foam, of water.

They melt thyyeastof waves, which marAlike the Armada's pride, or spoils of Trafalgar.

Byron.

Yeast cake, a mealy cake impregnated with the live germs of the yeast plant, and used as a conveniently transportable substitute for yeast. --Yeast plant(Bot.), the vegetable organism, or fungus, of which beer yeast consists. The yeast plant is composed of simple cells, or granules, about one three-thousandth of an inch in diameter, often united into filaments which reproduce by budding, and under certain circumstances by the formation of spores. The name is extended to other ferments of the same genus. See Saccharomyces. - -Yeast powder, a baling powder, -- used instead of yeast in leavening bread.

Yeast"-bit`ten (?),a.(Brewing)A term used of beer when the froth of the yeast has reëntered the body of the beer.

Yeast"i*ness (?),n.The quality or state of being yeasty, or frothy.

Yeast"y (?),a.Frothy; foamy; spumy, like yeast.

Yed"ding (?),n.[AS.geddung,gidding,giedding, fromgieddian,giddian, to sing, speak.] The song of a minstrel; hence, any song. [Obs.]Chaucer.

Yede (?), obs.imp.Went. See Yode.

All as he bade fulfilled was indeedThis ilke servant anon right outyede.

Chaucer.

Spenser and some later writers mistook this for a present of the defective imperfectyode. It is, however, only a variant ofyode. See Yode, and cf. Yead.

[He] on foot was forced for toyeed.

Spenser

Yeel (?),n.An eel. [Obs.]Holland.

Yeld"hall` (?),n.Guildhall. [Obs.]Chaucer.

{Yel"drin (?) or Yel"drine },n.[Cf. Yellow.](Zoöl.)The yellow-hammer; -- called alsoyeldrock, andyoldrin. [Prov. Eng.]

Yelk (?),n.Same as Yolk.

Yell (yl),v. i.[imp. & p. p.Yelled (?);p. pr. & vb. n.Yelling.] [OE.yellen,ellen, AS.giellan,gillan,gyllan; akin to D.gillen, OHG.gellan, G.gellen, Icel.gjalla, Sw.gällato ring, resound, and to AS., OS., & OHG.galanto sing, Icel.gala. Cf. 1st Gale, and Nightingale.] To cry out, or shriek, with a hideous noise; to cry or scream as with agony or horror.

Theyyelledenas feendes doon in helle.

Chaucer.

Nor the night raven, that still deadlyyells.

Spenser.

Infernal ghosts and hellish furies roundEnvironed thee; some howled, someyelled.

Milton.

Yell (?),v. t.To utter or declare with a yell; to proclaim in a loud tone.Shak.

Yell,n.A sharp, loud, hideous outcry.

Their hideousyellsRend the dark welkin.

J. Philips.

Yel"low (?),a.[Compar.Yellower (?);superl.Yellowest.] [OE.yelow,yelwe,elow,eoluw, from AS.geolu; akin to D.geel, OS. & OHG.gelo, G.gelb, Icel.gulr, Sw.gul, Dan.guul, L.helvuslight bay, Gr. &?; young verdure, &?; greenish yellow, Skr.haritawny, yellowish. &?;&?;&?;. Cf. Chlorine, Gall a bitter liquid, Gold, Yolk.] Being of a bright saffronlike color; of the color of gold or brass; having the hue of that part of the rainbow, or of the solar spectrum, which is between the orange and the green.

Heryellowhair was browded [braided] in a tress.

Chaucer.

A sweaty reaper from his tillage broughtFirst fruits, the green ear and theyellowsheaf.

Milton.

The line ofyellowlight dies fast away.

Keble.

Yellow atrophy(Med.), a fatal affection of the liver, in which it undergoes fatty degeneration, and becomes rapidly smaller and of a deep yellow tinge. The marked symptoms are black vomit, delirium, convulsions, coma, and jaundice. --Yellow bark, calisaya bark. --Yellow bass(Zoöl.), a North American fresh-water bass (Morone interrupta) native of the lower parts of the Mississippi and its tributaries. It is yellow, with several more or less broken black stripes or bars. Called alsobarfish. --Yellow berry.(Bot.)Same asPersian berry, under Persian. --Yellow boy, a gold coin, as a guinea. [Slang]Arbuthnot.--Yellow brier.(Bot.)See under Brier. --Yellow bugle(Bot.), a European labiate plant (Ajuga Chamæpitys). --Yellow bunting(Zoöl.), the European yellow-hammer. --Yellow cat(Zoöl.), a yellow catfish; especially, the bashaw. --Yellow copperas(Min.), a hydrous sulphate of iron; -- called alsocopiapite. --Yellow copper ore, a sulphide of copper and iron; copper pyrites. See Chalcopyrite. --Yellow cress(Bot.), a yellow-flowered, cruciferous plant (Barbarea præcox), sometimes grown as a salad plant. --Yellow dock.(Bot.)See the Note under Dock. --Yellow earth, a yellowish clay, colored by iron, sometimes used as a yellow pigment. --Yellow fever(Med.), a malignant, contagious, febrile disease of warm climates, attended with jaundice, producing a yellow color of the skin, and with the black vomit. See Black vomit, in the Vocabulary. --Yellow flag, the quarantine flag. See under Quarantine, and 3d Flag. --Yellow jack.(a)The yellow fever. See under 2d Jack.(b)The quarantine flag. See under Quarantine. --Yellow jacket(Zoöl.), any one of several species of American social wasps of the genusVespa, in which the color of the body is partly bright yellow. These wasps are noted for their irritability, and for their painful stings. --Yellow lead ore(Min.), wulfenite. --Yellow lemur(Zoöl.), the kinkajou. --Yellow macauco(Zoöl.), the kinkajou. --Yellow mackerel(Zoöl.), the jurel. --Yellow metal. Same asMuntz metal, under Metal. --Yellow ocher(Min.), an impure, earthy variety of brown iron ore, which is used as a pigment. --Yellow oxeye(Bot.), a yellow-flowered plant (Chrysanthemum segetum) closely related to the oxeye daisy. --Yellow perch(Zoöl.), the common American perch. See Perch. --Yellow pike(Zoöl.), the wall-eye. --Yellow pine(Bot.), any of several kinds of pine; also, their yellowish and generally durable timber. Among the most common are valuable species arePinus mitisandP. palustrisof the Eastern and Southern States, andP. ponderosaandP. Arizonicaof the Rocky Mountains and Pacific States. --Yellow plover(Zoöl.), the golden plover. --Yellow precipitate(Med. Chem.), an oxide of mercury which is thrown down as an amorphous yellow powder on adding corrosive sublimate to limewater. --Yellow puccoon.(Bot.)Same as Orangeroot. --Yellow rail(Zoöl.), a small American rail (Porzana Noveboracensis) in which the lower parts are dull yellow, darkest on the breast. The back is streaked with brownish yellow and with black, and spotted with white. Called alsoyellow crake. - -Yellow rattle,Yellow rocket.(Bot.)See under Rattle, and Rocket. --Yellow Sally(Zoöl.), a greenish or yellowish European stone fly of the genusChloroperla; -- so called by anglers. --Yellow sculpin(Zoöl.), the dragonet. --Yellow snake(Zoöl.), a West Indian boa (Chilobothrus inornatus) common in Jamaica. It becomes from eight to ten long. The body is yellowish or yellowish green, mixed with black, and anteriorly with black lines. --Yellow spot.(a)(Anat.)A small yellowish spot with a central pit, thefovea centralis, in the center of the retina where vision is most accurate. See Eye.(b)(Zoöl.)A small American butterfly (Polites Peckius) of the Skipper family. Its wings are brownish, with a large, irregular, bright yellow spot on each of the hind wings, most conspicuous beneath. Called alsoPeck's skipper. SeeIllust.under Skipper,n., 5. --Yellow tit(Zoöl.), any one of several species of crested titmice of the genusMachlolophus, native of India. The predominating colors of the plumage are yellow and green. --Yellow viper(Zoöl.), the fer-de-lance. --Yellow warbler(Zoöl.), any one of several species of American warblers of the genusDendroicain which the predominant color is yellow, especiallyD. æstiva, which is a very abundant and familiar species; -- called alsogarden warbler,golden warbler,summer yellowbird,summer warbler, andyellow-poll warbler. --Yellow wash(Pharm.), yellow oxide of mercury suspended in water, -- a mixture prepared by adding corrosive sublimate to limewater. --Yellow wren(Zoöl.)(a)The European willow warbler.(b)The European wood warbler.

Yel"low,n.1.A bright golden color, reflecting more light than any other except white; the color of that part of the spectrum which is between the orange and green. "A long motley coat guarded withyellow."Shak.

2.A yellow pigment.

Cadmium yellow,Chrome yellow,Indigo yellow,King's yellow, etc. See under Cadmium, Chrome, etc. --Naples yellow, a yellow amorphous pigment, used in oil, porcelain, and enamel painting, consisting of a basic lead metantimonate, obtained by fusing together tartar emetic lead nitrate, and common salt. --Patent yellow(Old Chem.), a yellow pigment consisting essentially of a lead oxychloride; -- called alsoTurner's yellow.

Yel"low (?),v. t.[imp. & p. p.Yellowed (?);p. pr. & vb. n.Yellowing.] To make yellow; to cause to have a yellow tinge or color; to dye yellow.

Yel"low,v. i.To become yellow or yellower.

Yel"low*am`mer (?),n.(Zoöl.)See Yellow-hammer.

Yel"low*bill` (?),n.(Zoöl.)The American scoter.

Yel"low*bird` (?),n.(Zoöl.)(a)The American goldfinch, or thistle bird. See Goldfinch.(b)The common yellow warbler; -- called alsosummer yellowbird. SeeIllust.ofYellow warbler, under Yellow,a.

Yel"low-cov`ered (?),a.Covered or bound in yellow paper.

Yellow-covered literature, cheap sensational novels and trashy magazines; -- formerly so called from the usual color of their covers. [Colloq. U. S.]Bartlett.

Yel"low-eyed` (?),a.Having yellow eyes.

Yellow-eyed grass(Bot.), any plant of the genus Xyris.

Yel"low*fin` (?),n.(Zoöl.)A large squeteague.

Yel"low*fish` (?),n.(Zoöl.)A rock trout (Pleurogrammus monopterygius) found on the coast of Alaska; -- called alsostriped fish, andAtka mackerel.

Yel"low-golds` (?),n.(Bot.)A certain plant, probably the yellow oxeye.B. Jonson.

Yel"low*ham`mer (?),n.[Foryellow- ammer, whereammeris fr. AS.amorea kind of bird; akin to G.ammera yellow-hammer, OHG.amero.](Zoöl.)(a)A common European finch (Emberiza citrinella). The color of the male is bright yellow on the breast, neck, and sides of the head, with the back yellow and brown, and the top of the head and the tail quills blackish. Called alsoyellow bunting,scribbling lark, andwriting lark. [Written alsoyellow-ammer.](b)The flicker. [Local, U. S.]

Yel"low*ing,n.The act or process of making yellow.

Softened . . . by theyellowingwhich time has given.

G. Eliot.

Yel"low*ish,a.Somewhat yellow; as, amber is of ayellowishcolor. -- Yel"low*ish*ness,n.

Yel"low*legs` (?),n.(Zoöl.)Any one of several species of long-legged sandpipers of the genusTotanus, in which the legs are bright yellow; -- called alsostone snipe,tattler,telltale,yellowshanks; andyellowshins. See Tattler, 2.

Yel"low*ness,n.1.The quality or state of being yellow; as, theyellownessof an orange.

2.Jealousy. [Obs.]

I will possess him withyellowness.

Shak.

Yel"low*root` (?),n.(Bot.)Any one of several plants with yellow roots. Specifically:(a)See Xanthorhiza.(b)Same as Orangeroot.

Yel"lows (?),n.1.(Far.)A disease of the bile in horses, cattle, and sheep, causing yellowness of the eyes; jaundice.

His horse . . . sped with spavins, rayed with theyellows.

Shak.

2.(Bot.)A disease of plants, esp. of peach trees, in which the leaves turn to a yellowish color; jeterus.

3.(Zoöl.)A group of butterflies in which the predominating color is yellow. It includes the common small yellow butterflies. Called alsoredhorns, andsulphurs. See Sulphur.

Yel"low*seed` (?),n.(Bot.)A kind of pepper grass (Lepidium campestre).

{ Yel"low*shanks` (?), Yel"low*shins` (?), }n.(Zoöl.)See Yellolegs.

Yel"low*tail` (?),n.(Zoöl.)(a)Any one of several species of marine carangoid fishes of the genusSeriola; especially, the large California species (S. dorsalis) which sometimes weighs thirty or forty pounds, and is highly esteemed as a food fish; -- called alsocavasina, andwhite salmon.(b)The mademoiselle, or silver perch.(c)The menhaden.(d)The runner, 12.(e)A California rockfish (Sebastodes flavidus).(f)The sailor's choice (Diplodus rhomboides).

Several other fishes are also locally calledyellowtail.

Yel"low*throat` (?),n.(Zoöl.)Any one of several species of American ground warblers of the genusGeothlypis, esp. the Maryland yellowthroat (G. trichas), which is a very common species.

Yel"low*top` (?),n.(Bot.)A kind of grass, perhaps a species ofAgrostis.

Yel"low*wood` (?),n.(Bot.)The wood of any one of several different kinds of trees; also, any one of the trees themselves. Among the trees so called are theCladrastis tinctoria, an American leguminous tree; the several species of prickly ash (Xanthoxylum); the AustralianFlindersia Oxleyana, a tree related to the mahogany; certain South African species ofPodocarpus, trees related to the yew; the East IndianPodocarpus latifolia; and the true satinwood (Chloroxylon Swietenia). All these Old World trees furnish valuable timber.

Yel"low*wort` (?),n.(Bot.)A European yellow-flowered, gentianaceous (Chlora perfoliata). The whole plant is intensely bitter, and is sometimes used as a tonic, and also in dyeing yellow.

Yelp (?),v. i.[imp. & p. p.Yelped (?);p. pr. & vb. n.Yelping.] [OE.yelpen,elpen, to boast, boast noisily, AS.gielpan,gilpan,gylpan; akin to OHG.gelpharrogant: cf. Icel.gjlpato yelp. Cf. Yap.]

1.To boast. [Obs.]

I keep [care] not of armes for toyelpe.

Chaucer.

2.To utter a sharp, quick cry, as a hound; to bark shrilly with eagerness, pain, or fear; to yaup.

A little herd of England's timorous deer,Mazed with ayelpingkennel of French curs?

Shak.

At the least flourish of a broomstick or ladle, he would fly to the door with ayelpingprecipitation.

W. Irving.

Yelp,n.A sharp, quick cry; a bark.Chaucer.

Yelp"er (?),n.An animal that yelps, or makes a yelping noise. Specifically:(Zoöl.)(a)The avocet; -- so called from its sharp, shrill cry. [Prov. Eng.](b)The tattler. [Local, U. S.]

Ye"man (?),n.A yeoman. [Obs.]Chaucer.

||Yen (?),n.The unit of value and account in Japan. Since Japan's adoption of the gold standard, in 1897, the value of the yen has been about 50 cents. Theyenis equal to 100sen.

Yend (?),v. t.To throw; to cast. [Prov. Eng.]

Ye"nite (?),n.[AfterJena, in Germany.](Min.)A silicate of iron and lime occurring in black prismatic crystals; -- also calledilvaite. [Spelt alsojenite.]

Yeo"man (?),n.;pl.Yeomen(#). [OE.yoman,eman,oman; of uncertain origin; perhaps the first, syllable is akin to OFries.gdistrict, region, G.gau, OHG.gewi,gouwi, Goth.gawi. √100.]

1.A common man, or one of the commonly of the first or most respectable class; a freeholder; a man free born.

Ayeomanin England is considered as next in order to the gentry. The word is little used in the United States, unless as a title in law proceedings and instruments, designating occupation, and this only in particular States.

2.A servant; a retainer. [Obs.]

Ayemanhadde he and servants no mo.

Chaucer.

3.A yeoman of the guard; also, a member of the yeomanry cavalry. [Eng.]

4.(Naut.)An interior officer under the boatswain, gunner, or carpenters, charged with the stowage, account, and distribution of the stores.

Yeoman of the guard, one of the bodyguard of the English sovereign, consisting of the hundred yeomen, armed with partisans, and habited in the costume of the sixteenth century. They are members of the royal household.

Yeo"man*like` (?),a.Resembling, or suitable to, a yeoman; yeomanly.

Yeo"man*ly,a.Pertaining to a yeoman; becoming or suitable to, a yeoman; yeomanlike.B. Jonson.

Well could he dress his tackleyeomanly.

Chaucer.

Yeo"man*ry (?),n.1.The position or rank of a yeoman. [Obs.] "His estate ofyeomanry."Chaucer.

2.The collective body of yeomen, or freeholders.

The enfranchisedyeomanrybegan to feel an instinct for dominion.

Bancroft.

3.The yeomanry cavalry. [Eng.]

Yeomanry cavalry, certain bodies of volunteer cavalry liable to service in Great Britain only. [Eng.]

Yeor"ling (?),n.[Cf. Yellow.](Zoöl.)The European yellow-hammer.

Yer (?),prep.Ere; before. [Obs.]Sylvester.

||Yer"ba (?),n.[Sp.](Bot.)An herb; a plant.

This word is much used in compound names of plants in Spanish; as,yerba buena[Sp., a good herb], a name applied in Spain to several kinds of mint (Mentha sativa,viridis, etc.), but in California universally applied to a common, sweet- scented labiate plant (Micromeria Douglasii).

Yerba dol osa. [Sp., herb of the she-bear.] A kind of buckthorn (Rhamnus Californica). --Yerba mansa. [Sp., a mild herb, soft herb.] A plant (Anemopsis Californica) with a pungent, aromatic rootstock, used medicinally by the Mexicans and the Indians. --Yerba reuma. [Cf. Sp.reumarheum, rheumatism.] A low California undershrub (Frankenia grandifolia).

Yerd (?),n.See 1st & 2d Yard. [Obs.]Chaucer.

Yerk (?),v. t.[imp. & p. p.Yerked (?);p. pr. & vb. n.Yerking.] [See Yerk.]

1.To throw or thrust with a sudden, smart movement; to kick or strike suddenly; to jerk.

Their wounded steeds . . .Yerkout their armed heels at their dead masters.

Shak.

2.To strike or lash with a whip. [Obs. or Scot.]

Yerk,v. i.1.To throw out the heels; to kick; to jerk.

They flirt, theyyerk, they backward . . . fling.

Drayton.

2.To move a quick, jerking motion.

Yerk,n.A sudden or quick thrust or motion; a jerk.

Yern (?),v. i.See 3d Yearn. [Obs.]

Yern,a.[OE.ern,eorne, AS.georndesirous, eager. See Yearn to long.] Eager; brisk; quick; active. [Obs.] "Her song . . . loud andyern."Chaucer.

Yerne (?),adv.[OE.eorne. See Yern,a.] Eagerly; briskly; quickly. [Obs.]Piers Plowman.

My hands and my tongue go soyerne.

Chaucer.

Yer"nut` (?),n.[Cf. Dan.jordnöd, Sw.jordnöt, earthnut. Cf. Jarnut.] An earthnut, or groundnut. See Groundnut(d). [Written alsoyarnut.]

Yerst (?),adv.See Erst. [Obs.]Sylvester.

Yes (?),adv.[OE.yis,is,es,ise, AS.gese,gise; probably fr.geáyea +swso. √188. See Yea, and So.] Ay; yea; -- a word which expresses affirmation or consent; -- opposed tono.

Yesis used, likeyea, to enforce, by repetition or addition, something which precedes; as, you have done all this --yes, you have done more. "Yes, you despise the man books confined."Pope.

"The fine distinction between ‘yea' and ‘yes,' ‘nay' and ‘no,' that once existed in English, has quite disappeared. ‘Yea' and ‘nay' in Wyclif's time, and a good deal later, were the answers to questions framed in the affirmative. ‘Will he come?' To this it would have been replied, ‘Yea' or ‘Nay', as the case might be. But, ‘Will he not come?' To this the answer would have been ‘Yes' or ‘No.' Sir Thomas More finds fault with Tyndale, that in his translation of the Bible he had not observed this distinction, which was evidently therefore going out even then, that is, in the reign of Henry VIII.; and shortly after it was quite forgotten."Trench.

Yest (?),n.See Yeast.Shak.

Yes"ter (?),a.[See Yesterday.] Last; last past; next before; of or pertaining to yesterday.

[An enemy] whomyestersun beheldMustering her charms.

Dryden.

This word is now seldom used except in a few compounds; as,yesterday,yesternight, etc.

Yes"ter*day (?),n.[OE.isterdai, AS.geostran dæg, fromgeostran,geostra,giestran,gistran,gystran, yesterday (akin to D.gisteren, G.gestern, OHG.gestaron, Icel.gæryesterday, to-morrow, Goth.gistradagisto-morrow, L.heriyesterday, Gr. &?;, Skr.hyas) +dægday. Cf. Hestern. &?;&?;&?;&?;.]

1.The day last past; the day next before the present.

All ouryesterdayshave lighted foolsThe way to dusty death.

Shak.

We are but ofyesterday, and know nothing.

Job viii. 9.

2.Fig.: A recent time; time not long past.

The proudest royal houses are but ofyesterday, when compared with the line of supreme pontiffs.

Macaulay.

Yes"ter*day,adv.On the day last past; on the day preceding to-day; as, the affair took placeyesterday.

{ Yes"ter*eve` (?), Yes"ter-e`ven*ing (?), }n.The evening of yesterday; the evening last past.

{ Yes"ter*morn` (?), Yes"ter-morn`ing, }n.The morning of yesterday.Coleridge.

Yes"tern (?),a.[See Yester.] Of or pertaining to yesterday; relating to the day last past.

Yes"ter*night` (?),n.The last night; the night last past.

Yes"ter*night`,adv.[AS.gystran niht. See Yesterday.] On the last night.B. Jonson.

Yes"ter*noon` (?),n.The noon of yesterday; the noon last past.

Yes"ter*week` (?),n.The week last past; last week.

Yes"ter*year` (?),n.The year last past; last year.

Yes`treen" (?),n.Yester-evening; yesternight; last night. [R. or Scot.]

YestreenI did not knowHow largely I could live.

Bp. Coxe.

Yest"y (?),a.See Yeasty.Shak.

Yet (?),n.(Zoöl.)Any one of several species of large marine gastropods belonging to the genusYetus, orCymba; a boat shell.

Yet,adv.[OE.yet,et,it, AS.git,gyt,giet,gieta; akin to OFries.ieta,eta,ita, MHG.iezuo,ieze, now, G.jetzo,jetzt.]

1.In addition; further; besides; over and above; still. "A little longer;yeta little longer."Dryden.

This furnishes us withyetone more reason why our savior, lays such a particular stress acts of mercy.

Atterbury.

The rapine is madeyetblacker by the pretense of piety and justice.

L'Estrange.

2.At the same time; by continuance from a former state; still.

Facts they had heard while they wereyetheathens.

Addison.

3.Up to the present time; thus far; hitherto; until now; -- and with the negative,not yet, not up to the present time; not as soon as now; as, Is it time to go? Notyet. SeeAs yet, under As,conj.

Ne neveryetno villainy ne said.

Chaucer.

4.Before some future time; before the end; eventually; in time. "He 'll be hangedyet."Shak.

5.Even; -- used emphatically.

Men may not too rashly believe the confessions of witches, noryetthe evidence against them.

Bacon.

Yet (?),conj.Nevertheless; notwithstanding; however.

YetI say unto you, That even Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these.

Matt. vi. 29.

Syn.-- See However.

Yeve (?),v. i.To give. [Obs.]Chaucer.

Yev"en (?),p. p.Given. [Obs.]Chaucer.

Yew (),v. i.See Yaw.

Yew,n.[OE.ew, AS.eów,w,eoh; akin to D.ijf, OHG.wa,ha, G.eibe, Icel.r; cf. Ir.iubhar, Gael.iubhar,iughar, W.yw,ywen, Lith.jëvathe black alder tree.]

1.(Bot.)An evergreen tree (Taxus baccata) of Europe, allied to the pines, but having a peculiar berrylike fruit instead of a cone. It frequently grows in British churchyards.

2.The wood of the yew. It is light red in color, compact, fine-grained, and very elastic. It is preferred to all other kinds of wood for bows and whipstocks, the best for these purposes coming from Spain.

TheAmerican yew(Taxus baccata, var.Canadensis) is a low and straggling or prostrate bush, never forming an erect trunk. TheCalifornia yew(Taxus brevifolia) is a good-sized tree, and its wood is used for bows, spear handles, paddles, and other similar implements. Another yew is found in Florida, and there are species in Japan and the Himalayas.

3.A bow for shooting, made of the yew.

Yew (),a.Of or pertaining to yew trees; made of the wood of a yew tree; as, ayewwhipstock.

Yew"en (?),a.Made of yew; as,yewenbows.

Yex (?),v. i.[OE.exen,yesken, AS.giscianto sob.] To hiccough. [Written alsoyox,yux.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Heyexethand he speaketh through the nose.

Chaucer.

Yex,n.[AS.geocsaa sobbing, hiccough. Cf. Yex,v. i.] A hiccough. [Written alsoyox, andyux.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] "The excessiveyex."Holland.

Yez`de*ger"di*an (?; 277),a.Of or pertaining toYezdegerd, the last Sassanian monarch of Persia, who was overthrown by the Mohammedans; as, theYezdegerdianera, which began on the 16th of June, a. d. 632. The era is still used by the Parsees.

Yez"di (yz"d),n.Same as Izedi.Tylor.

{ Yez"i*dee (?), Yez"i*di (?) },n.Same as Izedi.

Y*fere" (?),adv.Together. See Ifere. [Obs.]

As friends do when they be metyfere.

Chaucer.

Yg"dra*syl (?),n.(Scand. Myth.)See in the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction.

Y"ghe (?),n.Eye. [Obs.]Chaucer.

Y*go" (?), obs.p. p.of Go. Gone.Chaucer.

Y*ground" (?), obs.p. p.of Grind.Chaucer.

Y*hold"e (?), obs.p. p.of Hold.Chaucer.

Yield (?),v. t.[imp. & p. p.Yielded;obs. p. p.Yold (?);p. pr. & vb. n.Yielding.] [OE.yelden,elden,ilden, AS.gieldan,gildan, to pay, give, restore, make an offering; akin to OFries.jelda, OS.geldan, D.geldento cost, to be worth, G.gelten, OHG.geltanto pay, restore, make an offering, be worth, Icel.gjaldato pay, give up, Dan.gieldeto be worth, Sw.gällato be worth,gäldato pay, Goth.gildanin fragildan, usgildan. Cf. 1st Geld, Guild.]

1.To give in return for labor expended; to produce, as payment or interest on what is expended or invested; to pay; as, money at interestyieldssix or seven per cent.

ToyeldeJesu Christ his proper rent.

Chaucer.

When thou tillest the ground, it shall not henceforthyieldunto thee her strength.

Gen. iv. 12.

2.To furnish; to afford; to render; to give forth. "Vinesyieldnectar."Milton.

[He] makes milch kineyieldblood.

Shak.

The wildernessyieldethfood for them and for their children.

Job xxiv. 5.

3.To give up, as something that is claimed or demanded; to make over to one who has a claim or right; to resign; to surrender; to relinquish; as a city, an opinion, etc.

And, force perforce, I'll make himyieldthe crown.

Shak.

Shallyieldup all their virtue, all their fame.

Milton.

4.To admit to be true; to concede; to allow.

Iyieldit just, said Adam, and submit.

Milton.

5.To permit; to grant; as, toyieldpassage.

6.To give a reward to; to bless. [Obs.]Chaucer.

Tend me to-night two hours, I ask no more,And the godsyieldyou for 't.

Shak.

Godyieldthee, and God thank ye.

Beau. & Fl.

To yield the breath,the ghost, orthe life, to die; to expire; -- often followed byup.

One calmlyyieldshis willingbreath.

Keble.

Yield,v. i.1.To give up the contest; to submit; to surrender; to succumb.

He saw the fainting Greciansyield.

Dryden.

2.To comply with; to assent; as, Iyieldedto his request.

3.To give way; to cease opposition; to be no longer a hindrance or an obstacle; as, men readilyyieldto the current of opinion, or to customs; the dooryielded.

Will ye relent,Andyieldto mercy while 't is offered you?

Shak.

4.To give place, as inferior in rank or excellence; as, they willyieldto us in nothing.

Nay tell me first, in what more happy fieldsThe thistle springs, to which the lilyyields?

Pope.

Yield (?),n.Amount yielded; product; -- applied especially to products resulting from growth or cultivation. "A goodlyyieldof fruit doth bring."Bacon.

Yield"a*ble (?),a.Disposed to yield or comply. [R.] -- Yield"a*ble*ness,n.[R.]Bp. Hall.

Yield"ance (?),n.1.The act of producing; yield; as, theyieldanceof the earth. [R.]Bp. Hall.

2.The act of yielding; concession. [R.]South.

Yield"er (?),n.One who yields.Shak.

Yield"ing,a.Inclined to give way, or comply; flexible; compliant; accommodating; as, ayieldingtemper.

Yielding and paying(Law), the initial words of that clause in leases in which the rent to be paid by the lessee is mentioned and reserved.Burrill.

Syn.-- Obsequious; attentive. -- Yielding, Obsequious, Attentive. In many cases a man may beattentiveoryieldingin a high degree without any sacrifice of his dignity; but he who isobsequiousseeks to gain favor by excessive and mean compliances for some selfish end.

-- Yield"ing*ly,adv.-- Yield"ing*ness,n.

Yield"less,a.Without yielding; unyielding. [Obs.]

Yift (?),n.Gift. [Obs.] "Greatyiftes."Chaucer.

Yin (?),n.A Chinese weight of 2 pounds.

Yis (?),adv.Yes. [Obs.]

"Yis, sir," quod he, "yis, host."

Chaucer.

Yit (?),conj.Yet. [Obs.]Chaucer.

Yite (?),n.(Zoöl.)The European yellow-hammer.

Yive (?),v. t. & i.To give. [Obs.]Chaucer.

-yl (?). [Gr. &?; wood, material.](Chem.)A suffix used as a characteristic termination of chemical radicals; as in ethyl, carbonyl, hydroxyl, etc.

-ylwas first used in 1832 by Liebig and Wöhler in namingbenzoyl, in the sense ofstuff, orfundamental material, then in 1834 by Dumas and Peligot in namingmethyl, in the sense ofwood. After this- ylwas generally used as inbenzoyl, in the sense ofstuff,characteristic ground,fundamental material.

Yle (?),n.Isle. [Obs.] "The barrenyle."Chaucer.

Y" lev`el (?).(Surv.)See under Y,n.

{ Y*liche" (?), Y*like" (?) },a. & adv.Like; alike. [Obs.] "All . . .ylichegood."Chaucer.

Yl`lan*ra*ton" (?),n.[From the native name.](Zoöl.)The agouara.

Y*mak"ed (?), obs.p. p.of Make. Made.

Y*mel" (?),prep.[OE.ymel,imelle, of Scand. origin; cf. Icel.milli,millum(properly, in the middle, fr. &?; in +mi&?;il,me&?;al, middle, akin to E.middle), Dan.imellem, Sw.emellan. See In, and Middle.] Among. [Obs.] "Ymelthem all."Chaucer.

Y*nam"bu (?),n.(Zoöl.)A South American tinamou (Rhynchotus rufescens); -- called alsoperdiz grande, andrufous tinamou. SeeIllust.of Tinamou.

{ Y*nough" (?), Y*now" (?) },a.[See Enough.] Enough. [Obs.]Chaucer.

Yock"el (?),n.[Cf. Yokel.](Zoöl.)The yaffle.

Yode (?), obs.imp.of Go. [OE.yode,yede,ede,eode,eode, AS.eóde, used as the imp. ofgnto go; akin to Goth.iddjaI, he, went, L.ireto go, Gr. 'ie`nai, Skr.i,y. √4. Cf. Issue.] Went; walked; proceeded. [Written alsoyede.] See Yede.

Quer [whether] they rade [rode] oryode.

Cursor Mundi.

Then into Cornhill anon Iyode.

Lydgate.

{ Yo"del (?), Yo"dle (?), }v. t. & i.[imp. & p. p.Yodeled, Yodled;p. pr. & vb. n.Yodeling, Yodling.] [G.jodeln.] To sing in a manner common among the Swiss and Tyrolese mountaineers, by suddenly changing from the head voice, or falsetto, to the chest voice, and the contrary; to warble.

{ Yo"del, Yo"dle },n.A song sung by yodeling, as by the Swiss mountaineers.

Yo"dler (?),n.One who yodels.

||Yo"ga (?),n.[Skr.ygaunion.] A species of asceticism among the Hindoos, which consists in a complete abstraction from all worldly objects, by which the votary expects to obtain union with the universal spirit, and to acquire superhuman faculties.

Yo"gi (?),n.[Skr.ygin.] A follower of the yoga philosophy; an ascetic. [Spelt alsoyokin.]Whitworth.

Yo"icks (?),interj.(Hunting)A cry of encouragement to foxhounds.

Yoit (?),n.(Zoöl.)The European yellow-hammer. [Prov. Eng.]

||Yo"jan (?),n.[Skr.yjana.] A measure of distance, varying from four to ten miles, but usually about five. [India] [Written alsoyojana.]

Yoke (yk),n.[OE.yok,oc, AS.geoc; akin to D.juk, OHG.joh, G.joch, Icel. & Sw.ok, Dan.aag, Goth.juk, Lith.jungas, Russ.igo, L.jugum, Gr. zy`gon, Skr.yuga, and to L.jungereto join, Gr. &?;, Skr.yui. √109, 280. Cf. Join, Jougs, Joust, Jugular, Subjugate, Syzygy, Yuga, Zeugma.]

1.A bar or frame of wood by which two oxen are joined at the heads or necks for working together.

A yearling bullock to thy name shall smoke,Untamed, unconscious of the gallingyoke.

Pope.

The modern yoke for oxen is usually a piece of timber hollowed, or made curving, near each end, and laid on the necks of the oxen, being secured in place by two bows, one inclosing each neck, and fastened through the timber. In some countries the yoke consists of a flat piece of wood fastened to the foreheads of the oxen by thongs about the horns.

2.A frame or piece resembling a yoke, as in use or shape. Specifically:(a)A frame of wood fitted to a person's shoulders for carrying pails, etc., suspended on each side; as, a milkmaid'syoke.(b)A frame worn on the neck of an animal, as a cow, a pig, a goose, to prevent passage through a fence.(c)A frame or convex piece by which a bell is hung for ringing it. SeeIllust.of Bell.(d)A crosspiece upon the head of a boat's rudder. To its ends lines are attached which lead forward so that the boat can be steered from amidships.(e)(Mach.)A bent crosspiece connecting two other parts.(f)(Arch.)A tie securing two timbers together, not used for part of a regular truss, but serving a temporary purpose, as to provide against unusual strain.(g)(Dressmaking)A band shaped to fit the shoulders or the hips, and joined to the upper full edge of the waist or the skirt.

3.Fig.: That which connects or binds; a chain; a link; a bond connection.

Boweth your neck under that blissfulyoke. . .Which that men clepeth spousal or wedlock.

Chaucer.

Thisyokeof marriage from us both remove.

Dryden.

4.A mark of servitude; hence, servitude; slavery; bondage; service.

Our country sinks beneath theyoke.

Shak.

Myyokeis easy, and my burden is light.

Matt. xi. 30.

5.Two animals yoked together; a couple; a pair that work together.

I have bought fiveyokeof oxen, and I go to prove them.

Luke xiv. 19.

6.The quantity of land plowed in a day by a yoke of oxen. [Obs.]Gardner.

7.A portion of the working day; as, to work twoyokes, that is, to work both portions of the day, or morning and afternoon. [Prov. Eng.]Halliwell.

Neck yoke,Pig yoke. See under Neck, and Pig. --Yoke elm(Bot.), the European hornbeam (Carpinus Betulus), a small tree with tough white wood, often used for making yokes for cattle.

Yoke (?),v. t.[imp. & p. p.Yoked (?);p. pr. & vb. n.Yoking.]

1.To put a yoke on; to join in or with a yoke; as, toyokeoxen, or pair of oxen.

2.To couple; to join with another. "Be ye not unequallyyokedwith unbelievers."2 Cor. vi. 14.

Cassius, you areyokedwith a lamb.

Shak.

3.To enslave; to bring into bondage; to restrain; to confine.

Then were theyyokedwith garrisons.

Milton.

The words and promises thatyokeThe conqueror are quickly broke.

Hudibras.

Yoke,v. i.To be joined or associated; to be intimately connected; to consort closely; to mate.

We 'llyoketogether, like a double shadow.

Shak.

Yoke"age (?),n.See Rokeage. [Local, U. S.]

Yoke"fel`low (?),n.[Yoke+fellow.] An associate or companion in, or as in; a mate; a fellow; especially, a partner in marriage.Phil. iv. 3.

The two languages [English and French] becameyokefellowsin a still more intimate manner.

Earle.

Those who have most distinguished themselves by railing at the sex, very often choose one of the most worthless for a companion andyokefellow.

Addison.

Yo"kel (?),n.[Perhaps from an AS. word akin to E.gawk.] A country bumpkin. [Eng.]Dickens.

Yoke"let (?),n.A small farm; -- so called as requiring but one yoke of oxen to till it. [Prov. Eng.]

Yoke"mate` (?),n.Same as Yokefellow.

Yoke"-toed` (?),a.(Zoöl.)Having two toes in front and two behind, as the trogons and woodpeckers.

Yold (?), obs.p. p.of Yield. Yielded.Spenser.

Yold"en (?), obs.p. p.of Yield. Yielded.

Yolk (ylkoryk; 277),n.[OE.yolke,yelke,olke,elke, AS.geoloca,geoleca, fr.geoluyellow. See Yellow.] [Written alsoyelk.]

1.The yellow part of an egg; the vitellus.

2.(Zoöl.)An oily secretion which naturally covers the wool of sheep.

Yolk cord(Zoöl.), a slender cord or duct which connects the yolk glands with the egg chambers in certain insects, as in the aphids. --Yolk gland(Zoöl.), a special organ which secretes the yolk of the eggs in many turbellarians, and in some other invertebrates. SeeIllust.of Hermaphrodite in Appendix. --Yolk sack(Anat.), the umbilical vesicle. See under Unbilical.

Yoll (yl),v. i.To yell. [Obs.]Chaucer.

Yon (yn),a.[OE.yon,on, AS.geon; akin to G.jener, OHG.jenr, Icel.enn,inn; cf. Goth.jains. √188. Cf. Beyond, Yond, Yonder.] At a distance, but within view; yonder. [Poetic]

Read thy lot inyoncelestial sign.

Milton.

Though fastyonshower be fleeting.

Keble.

Yon,adv.Yonder. [Obs. or Poetic]

But, first and chiefest, with thee bringHim thatyonsoars on golden wing.

Milton.

Yon"co*pin (?),n.[Perhaps corrupted from Illinoismicoupena, Chippewamakopin, the American lotus.](Bot.)A local name in parts of the Mississippi Valley for the American lotus (Nelumbo lutea).

Yond (?),a.[Cf. AS.anda,onda, anger,andianto be angry.] Furious; mad; angry; fierce. [Obs.] "Then wexeth wood andyond."Spenser.

Yond,adv. & a.[OE.yond,ond,eond, through, beyond, over, AS.geond, adv. & prep.; cf. Goth.jaindthither. √188. See Yon,a.] Yonder. [Obs.] "Yondin the garden."Chaucer.

Yon"der (?),adv.[OE.yonder,onder; cf. OD.ginder, Goth.jaindr&?;there. &?;&?;&?;&?;. See Yond,adv.] At a distance, but within view.

Yonderare two apple women scolding.

Arbuthnot.

Yon"der,a.Being at a distance within view, or conceived of as within view; that or those there; yon. "Yon flowery arbors,yonderalleys green."Milton."Yondersea of light."Keble.

Yondermen are too many for an embassage.

Bacon.

||Yo"ni (?),n.[Skr.y&?;ni.](Hindoo Myth.)The symbol under which Sakti, or the personification of the female power in nature, is worshiped. Cf. Lingam.

Yon"ker (?),n.[See Younker.] A young fellow; a younker. [Obs. or Colloq.]Sir W. Scott.

Yore (yr),adv.[OE.ore,yare,are, AS.geára;akin togeára year, E.year. √204. See Year.] In time long past; in old time; long since. [Obs. or Poetic]

As it hath been of olde timesyore.

Chaucer.

Which though he hath polluted oft andyore,Yet I to them for judgment just do fly.

Spenser.

Of yore, of old time; long ago; as, in times or daysof yore. "But Satan now is wiser thanof yore."Pope.

Where Abraham fed his flockof yore.

Keble.

York"er (?),n.(Cricket)A tice.

York"shire (?),n.A county in the north of England.

Yorkshire grit, a kind of stone used for polishing marble, and copperplates for engravers.Simmonds.--Yorkshire pudding, a batter pudding baked under meat.

York" use` (?).(Eccl.)The one of the three printed uses of England which was followed in the north. It was based on the Sarum use. See Use,n., 6.Shipley.

Yot (?),v. t.To unite closely. [Prov. Eng.]

Yote (yt),v. t.[OE.eoten,eten, to pour, AS.geótan. See Found to cast.] To pour water on; to soak in, or mix with, water. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]Grose.

My fowls, which well enough,I, as before, found feeding at their troughTheiryotedwheat.

Chapman.

You (),pron.[Possess.Your (r) or Yours (rz);dat. & obj.You.] [OE.you,eou,eow, dat. & acc., AS.eów, used as dat. & acc. ofge,g, ye; akin to OFries.iu,io, D.u, G.euch, OHG.iu, dat.,iuwih, acc., Icel.yðr, dat. & acc., Goth.izwis; of uncertain origin. √189. Cf. Your.] The pronoun of the second person, in the nominative, dative, and objective case, indicating the person or persons addressed. See the Note under Ye.

Ye go to Canterbury; Godyouspeed.

Chaucer.

Good sir, I do in friendship counselyouTo leave this place.

Shak.

In vainyoutell your parting loverYouwish fair winds may waft him over.

Prior.

Thoughyouis properly a plural, it is in all ordinary discourse used also in addressing a single person, yet properly always with a plural verb. "Areyouhe that hangs the verses on the trees, wherein Rosalind is so admired ?"Shak.Youandyourare sometimes used indefinitely, likewe,they,one, to express persons not specified. "The looks at a distance like a new-plowed land; but asyoucome near it,yousee nothing but a long heap of heavy, disjointed clods."Addison."Yourmedalist and critic are much nearer related than the world imagine."Addison."It is always pleasant to be forced to do whatyouwish to do, but what, until pressed,youdare not attempt."Hook.Youis often used reflexively foryourselfofyourselves. "Your highness shall reposeyouat the tower."Shak.

Youl (?),v. i.To yell; to yowl. [Obs.]Chaucer.

Young (yng),a.[Compar.Younger (y"gr);superl.Youngest (-gst).] [OE.yung,yong,ong,ung, AS.geong; akin to OFries.iung,iong, D.joing, OS., OHG., & G.jung, Icel.ungr, Sw. & Dan.ung, Goth.juggs, Lith.jaunas, Russ.iunuii, L.juvencus,juvenis, Skr.juvaça,juvan. √281. Cf. Junior, Juniper, Juvenile, Younker, Youth.]

1.Not long born; still in the first part of life; not yet arrived at adolescence, maturity, or age; not old; juvenile; -- said of animals; as, ayoungchild; ayoungman; ayoungfawn.

For he soyoungand tender was of age.

Chaucer.

"Whom the gods love, dieyoung," has been too long carelessly said; . . . whom the gods love, liveyoungforever.

Mrs. H. H. Jackson.

2.Being in the first part, pr period, of growth; as, ayoungplant; ayoungtree.

While the fears of the people wereyoung.

De Foe.

3.Having little experience; inexperienced; unpracticed; ignorant; weak.

Come, come, elder brother, you are tooyoungin this.

Shak.

Young,n.The offspring of animals, either a single animal or offspring collectively.

[The egg] bursting with kindly rupture, forth disclosedTheir callowyoung.

Milton.

With young, with child; pregnant.

Young"ger (?),n.One who is younger; an inferior in age; a junior. "The elder shall serve theyounger."Rom. ix. 12.

Young"ish (?),a.Somewhat young.Tatler.

Young"ling (?),n.[AS.geongling.] A young person; a youth; also, any animal in its early life. "More dear . . . thanyounglingsto their dam."Spenser.

He will not be so willing, I think, to join with you as with usyounglings.

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