Sir T. Browne.
Zois"ite (?),n.[After its discoverer, VonZois, an Austrian mineralogist.](Min.)A grayish or whitish mineral occurring in orthorhombic, prismatic crystals, also in columnar masses. It is a silicate of alumina and lime, and is allied to epidote.
||Zo"kor (?),n.(Zoöl.)An Asiatic burrowing rodent (Siphneus aspalax) resembling the mole rat. It is native of the Altai Mountains.
||Zoll"ve*rein` (?),n.[G., fromzollduty +vereinunion.] Literally, a customs union; specifically, applied to the several customs unions successively formed under the leadership of Prussia among certain German states for establishing liberty of commerce among themselves and common tariff on imports, exports, and transit.
In 1834 a zollverein was established which included most of the principal German states except Austria. This was terminated by the events of 1866, and in 1867 a more closely organized union was formed, the administration of which was ultimately merged in that of the new German empire, with which it nearly corresponds territorially.
Zom"bo*ruk (?),n.(Mil.)See Zumbooruk.
||Zo"na (?),n.;pl.Zonæ(#). [L., a girdle. See Zone.] A zone or band; a layer.
Zona pellucida. [NL.](Biol.)(a)The outer transparent layer, or envelope, of the ovum. It is a more or less elastic membrane with radiating striæ, and corresponds to the cell wall of an ordinary cell. See Ovum, andIllust.of Microscope.(b)The zona radiata. --Zona radiata[NL.](Biol.), a radiately striated membrane situated next the yolk of an ovum, or separated from it by a very delicate membrane only.
Zon"al (?),a.[L.zonalis.] Of or pertaining to a zone; having the form of a zone or zones.
Zonal equation(Crystallog.), the mathematical relation which belongs to all the planes of a zone, and expresses their common position with reference to the axes. --Zonal structure(Crystallog.), a structure characterized by the arrangements of color, inclusions, etc., of a crystal in parallel or concentric layers, which usually follow the outline of the crystal, and mark the changes that have taken place during its growth. --Zonal symmetry.(Biol.)See the Note under Symmetry.
Zo"nar (?),n.[Mod. Gr. &?; a girdle, fr. Gr. &?;, dim. of &?; a girdle. See Zone.] A belt or girdle which the Christians and Jews of the Levant were obliged to wear to distinguish them from Mohammedans. [Written alsozonnar.]
||Zo*na"ri*a (?),n. pl.[NL.](Zoöl.)A division of Mammalia in which the placenta is zonelike.
Zon"ate (?),a.(Bot.)Divided by parallel planes; as,zonatetetraspores, found in certain red algæ.
Zone (zn),n.[F.zone, L.zona, Gr. zw`nh; akin to zwnny`nai to gird, Lith.jstaa girdle,jstito gird, Zendyh.]1.A girdle; a cincture. [Poetic]
An embroideredzonesurrounds her waist.
An embroideredzonesurrounds her waist.
Dryden.
Loose were her tresses seen, herzoneunbound.
Loose were her tresses seen, herzoneunbound.
Collins.
2.(Geog.)One of the five great divisions of the earth, with respect to latitude and temperature.
Thezonesare five: thetorridzone, extending from tropic to tropic 46° 56, or 23° 28 on each side of the equator; twotemperateorvariablezones, situated between the tropics and the polar circles; and twofrigidzones, situated between the polar circles and the poles.
Commerce . . . defies every wind, outrides every tempest, and invades.
Commerce . . . defies every wind, outrides every tempest, and invades.
Bancroft.
3.(Math.)The portion of the surface of a sphere included between two parallel planes; the portion of a surface of revolution included between two planes perpendicular to the axis.Davies & Peck (Math. Dict.)
4.(Nat. Hist.)(a)A band or stripe extending around a body.(b)A band or area of growth encircling anything; as, azoneof evergreens on a mountain; thezoneof animal or vegetable life in the ocean around an island or a continent; the Alpinezone, that part of mountains which is above the limit of tree growth.
5.(Crystallog.)A series of planes having mutually parallel intersections.
6.Circuit; circumference. [R.]Milton.
Abyssal zone.(Phys. Geog.)See under Abyssal. --Zone axis(Crystallog.), a straight line passing through the center of a crystal, to which all the planes of a given zone are parallel.
Zone,v. t.To girdle; to encircle. [R.]Keats.
Zoned (?),a.1.Wearing a zone, or girdle.Pope.
2.Having zones, or concentric bands; striped.
3.(Bot.)Zonate.
Zone"less (?),a.Not having a zone; ungirded.
The reeling goddess with thezonelesswaist.
The reeling goddess with thezonelesswaist.
Cowper.
In careless folds, loose fell herzonelessvest.
In careless folds, loose fell herzonelessvest.
Mason.
Zon"nar (?),n.See Zonar.
Zon"u*lar (?),a.Of or pertaining to a zone; zone-shaped. "Thezonulartype of a placenta."Dana.
Zon"ule (?),n.A little zone, or girdle.
Zon"u*let (?),n.A zonule.Herrick.
Zon"ure (?),n.[Zone+ Gr. &?; tail.](Zoöl.)Any one of several of South African lizards of the genusZonura, common in rocky situations.
Zo"ö- (?). A combining form from Gr. zwo^,n ananimal, as inzoögenic,zoölogy, etc.
Zo`ö*chem"ic*al (?),a.Pertaining to zoöchemistry.
Zo`ö*chem"is*try (?),n.[Zoö-+chemistry.] Animal chemistry; particularly, the description of the chemical compounds entering into the composition of the animal body, in distinction frombiochemistry.
Zo*öch"e*my (?),n.[Zoö-+ Gr. &?; alchemy.] Animal chemistry; zoöchemistry.Dunglison.
||Zo`ö*chlo*rel"la (?),n.[NL., dim. from Gr. zw^,on an animal + &?; green.](Zoöl.)One of the small green granulelike bodies found in the interior of certain stentors, hydras, and other invertebrates.
Zo"ö*cyst (?),n.[Zoö-+cyst.](Biol.)A cyst formed by certain Protozoa and unicellular plants which the contents divide into a large number of granules, each of which becomes a germ.
||Zo`ö*cy"ti*um (?),n.;pl.Zoöcytia(#). [NL., fr. Gr. zw^,on an animal + &?; a hollow vessel.](Zoöl.)The common support, often branched, of certain species of social Infusoria.
||Zo`ö*den"dri*um (?),n.;pl.Zoödendria(#). [NL., fr. Gr. zw^,on an animal + &?; a tree.](Zoöl.)The branched, and often treelike, support of the colonies of certain Infusoria.
||Zo*œ"ci*um (?),n.;pl.Zoœcia(#). [NL., fr. Gr. zw^,on an animal + &?; house.](Zoöl.)One of the cells or tubes which inclose the feeling zooids of Bryozoa. SeeIllust.of Sea Moss.
Zo`ö*e*ryth"rine (?),n.[Zoö-+ Gr. &?; red.](Zoöl.)A peculiar organic red coloring matter found in the feathers of various birds.
Zo*ög"a*mous (?),a.[Zoö-+ Gr. &?; marriage.](Biol.)Of or pertaining zoögamy.
Zo*ög"a*my (?),n.(Biol.)The sexual reproduction of animals.
Zo`ö*gen"ic (?),a.[Zoö-+-gen+-ic: cf. Gr. &?; born of an animal.](Biol.)Of or pertaining to zoögeny, animal production.
{ Zo*ög"e*ny (?), Zo*ög"o*ny (?), }n.[Zoö-+ root of Gr. &?; to be born, &?; offspring.] The doctrine of the formation of living beings.
Zo`ö*ge`o*graph"ic*al (?),a.Of or pertaining to zoögraphy.
Zo`ö*ge*og"ra*phy (?),n.[Zoö-+geography.] The study or description of the geographical distribution of animals.
||Zo`ö*glœ"a (?),n.[NL., from Gr. zw^,on an animal + &?; any glutinous substance.](Biol.)A colony or mass of bacteria imbedded in a viscous gelatinous substance. The zoöglœa is characteristic of a transitory stage through which rapidly multiplying bacteria pass in the course of their evolution. Also used adjectively.
Zo*ög"ra*pher (?),n.One who describes animals, their forms and habits.
{ Zo`ö*graph"ic (?), Zo`ö*graph"ic*al (?), }a.[Cf. F.zoographique.] Of or pertaining to the description of animals.
Zo*ög"ra*phist (?),n.A zoögrapher.
Zo*ög"ra*phy (?),n.[Zoö-+-graphy: cf. F.zoographie.] A description of animals, their forms and habits.
Zo"oid (?),a.[Zoö- +- oid.](Biol.)Pertaining to, or resembling, an animal.
Zo"oid,n.1.(Biol.)An organic body or cell having locomotion, as a spermatic cell or spermatozooid.
2.(Zoöl.)(a)An animal in one of its inferior stages of development, as one of the intermediate forms in alternate generation.(b)One of the individual animals in a composite group, as of Anthozoa, Hydroidea, and Bryozoa; -- sometimes restricted to those individuals in which the mouth and digestive organs are not developed.
Zo*oid"al (?),a.Of or pertaining to a zooid; as, azooidalform.
Zo*öl"a*try (?),n.[Zoö-+ Gr. &?; worship.] The worship of animals.
Zo*öl"o*ger (?),n.A zoölogist.Boyle.
Zo`ö*log"ic*al (?),a.[Cf. F.zoologique.] Of or pertaining to zoölogy, or the science of animals.
Zo`ö*log"ic*al*ly,adv.In a zoölogical manner; according to the principles of zoölogy.
Zo*öl"o*gist (?),n.[Cf. F.zoologiste.] One who is well versed in zoölogy.
Zo*öl"o*gy (?),n.;pl.Zoölogies(#). [Zoö-+- logy: cf. F.zoologie. See Zodiac.]
1.That part of biology which relates to the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct.
2.A treatise on this science.
Zo`ö*mel"a*nin (?),n.[Zoö-+melanin.](Physiol. Chem.)A pigment giving the black color to the feathers of many birds.
Zo`ö*mor"phic (?),a.[Zoö-+ Gr. &?; form.] Of or pertaining to zoömorphism.
Zo`ö*mor"phism (?),n.1.The transformation of men into beasts. [R.]Smart.
2.The quality of representing or using animal forms; as,zoömorphismin ornament.
3.The representation of God, or of gods, in the form, or with the attributes, of the lower animals.
To avoid the error of anthropomorphism, we fall into the vastly greater, and more absurd, error ofzoömorphism.
To avoid the error of anthropomorphism, we fall into the vastly greater, and more absurd, error ofzoömorphism.
Mivart.
||Zo"ön (?),n.;pl.Zoa(#). [NL., fr. Gr. zw^,on an animal.](Zoöl.)(a)An animal which is the sole product of a single egg; -- opposed tozooid.H. Spencer.(b)Any one of the perfectly developed individuals of a compound animal.
Zo*ön"ic (?),a.[Gr. zw^,on an animal: cf. F.zoonique.] Of or pertaining to animals; obtained from animal substances.
Zo"ö*nite (?),n.(Zoöl.)(a)One of the segments of the body of an articulate animal.(b)One of the theoretic transverse divisions of any segmented animal.
Zo*ön"o*my (?),n.[Zoö-+ Gr. &?; a law: cf. F.zoonomie.] The laws of animal life, or the science which treats of the phenomena of animal life, their causes and relations.
Zo"ö*nule (?),n.[Dim. fr. Gr. zw^,on an animal.](Zoöl.)Same as Zoönite.
Zo`ö*pa*thol"o*gy (?),n.[Zoö-+pathology.] Animal pathology.
||Zo*öph"a*ga (?),n. pl.[NL., fr. Gr. &?; animal + &?; to eat.](Zoöl.)An artificial group comprising various carnivorous and insectivorous animals.
Zo*öph"a*gan (?),n.(Zoöl.)A animal that feeds on animal food.
Zo*öph"a*gous (?),a.[Gr. &?;; zw^,on an animal + &?; to eat.] Feeding on animals.
This is a more general term than eithersarcophagousorcarnivorous.
Zo*öph"i*list (?),n.[Zoö-+ Gr. &?; to love.] A lover of animals.Southey.
Zo*öph"i*ly (?),n.Love of animals.
Zo"ö*phite (?),n.A zoöphyte. [R.]
Zo`ö*phor"ic (?),a.[Gr. &?;; zw^,on an animal + &?; to bear; cf. F.zoophorique.] Bearing or supporting the figure of an animal; as, azoöphoriccolumn.
||Zo*öph"o*rous (?),n.[L., fr. Gr. &?;. See Zoöphoric.](Anc. Arch.)The part between the architrave and cornice; the frieze; -- so called from the figures of animals carved upon it.
||Zo*öph"y*ta (?),n. pl.[NL., from Gr. zw^,on an animal + fyto`n a plant.](Zoöl.)An extensive artificial and heterogeneous group of animals, formerly adopted by many zoölogists. It included the cœlenterates, echinoderms, sponges, Bryozoa, Protozoa, etc.
Sometimes the name is restricted to the Cœlentera, or to the Anthozoa.
Zo"ö*phyte (?),n.[F.zoophyte, Gr. &?;; zw^,on an animal + &?; plant, akin to &?; to be born, to be. See Zodiac, and Be,v. i.](Zoöl.)(a)Any one of numerous species of invertebrate animals which more or less resemble plants in appearance, or mode of growth, as the corals, gorgonians, sea anemones, hydroids, bryozoans, sponges, etc., especially any of those that form compound colonies having a branched or treelike form, as many corals and hydroids.(b)Any one of the Zoöphyta.
{ Zo`ö*phyt"ic (?), Zo`ö*phyt"ic*al (?), }a.[Cf. F.zoophytique.](Zoöl.)Of or pertaining to zoöphytes.
Zo*öph"y*toid (?),a.[Zoöphyte+-oid.](Zoöl.)Pertaining to, or resembling, a zoöphyte.
Zo`ö*phyt`o*log"ic*al (?),a.[Cf. F.zoophytologique.] Of or pertaining to zoöphytology; as,zoöphytologicalobservations.
Zo*öph`y*tol"o*gy (?; 277),n.[Zoöphyte+-logy: cf. F.zoophytologie.] The natural history zoöphytes.
Zo`ö*prax"i*scope (?),n.[Zoö-+ Gr. &?; a doing, an acting (from &?; to do) +- scope.] An instrument similar to, or the same as, the, the phenakistoscope, by means of which pictures projected upon a screen are made to exhibit the natural movements of animals, and the like.
Zo`ö*psy*chol"o*gy (?),n.[Zoö-+psychology.] Animal psychology.
Zo"ö*sperm (?),n.[Zoö-+sperm.](Biol.)One of the spermatic particles; spermatozoid.
||Zo`ö*spo*ran"gi*um (?),n.;pl.-sporangia(#). [NL. See Zoö- , and Sporangium.](Bot.)A spore, or conceptacle containing zoöspores.
Zo"ö*spore (?),n.[Zoö-+spore.]
1.(Bot.)A spore provided with one or more slender cilia, by the vibration of which it swims in the water. Zoöspores are produced by many green, and by some olive-brown, algæ. In certain species they are divided into the larger macrozoöspores and the smaller microzoöspores. Called alsosporozoid, andswarmspore.
2.(Zoöl.)See Swarmspore.
Zo`ö*spor"ic (?),a.Of or pertaining to zoöspores; of the nature of zoöspores.
Zo*öt"ic (?),a.[Gr. zw^,on an animal.] Containing the remains of organized bodies; -- said of rock or soil.
Zo`ö*tom"ic*al (?),a.[Cf. F.zootomique.] Of or pertaining to zoötomy.
Zo*öt"o*mist (?),n.[Cf. F.zootomiste.] One who dissects animals, or is skilled in zoötomy.
Zo*öt"o*my (?),n.[Zoö-+ Gr. &?; to cut: cf. F.zootomie.] The dissection or the anatomy of animals; -- distinguished fromandrotomy.
Zo`ö*troph"ic (?),a.[Gr. &?;. See Zoö-, and Trophic.](Physiol.)Of or pertaining to the nourishment of animals.
Zoo"zoo` (?),n.[Of imitative origin.](Zoöl.)The wood pigeon. [Prov. Eng.]
Zope (?),n.[G.](Zoöl.)A European fresh-water bream (Abramis ballerus).
Zo"pi*lote (?),n.[Sp.](Zoöl.)The urubu, or American black vulture.
Zor"il (?),n.(Zoöl.)Same as Zorilla.
Zo*ril"la (?),n.[Sp.zorilla,zorillo, dim. ofzorra,zorro, a fox: cf. F.zorille.](Zoöl.)Either one of two species of small African carnivores of the genusIctonyxallied to the weasels and skunks. [Written alsozoril, andzorille.]
The best-known species (Ictonyx zorilla) has black shiny fur with white bands and spots. It has anal glands which produce a very offensive secretion, similar to that of the skunk. It feeds upon birds and their eggs and upon small mammals, and is often very destructive to poultry. It is sometimes tamed by the natives, and kept to destroy rats and mice. Called alsomariput,Cape polecat, andAfrican polecat. The name is sometimes erroneously applied to the American skunk.
Zo`ro*as"tri*an (?),a.Of or pertaining toZoroaster, or his religious system.
Zo`ro*as"tri*an (?),n.A follower of Zoroaster; one who accepts Zoroastrianism.
Zo`ro*as"tri*an*ism (?),n.The religious system of Zoroaster, the legislator and prophet of the ancient Persians, which was the national faith of Persia; mazdeism. The system presupposes a good spirit (Ormuzd) and an opposing evil spirit (Ahriman). Cf.Fire worship, under Fire, and Parsee.
Zo`ro*as"trism (?),n.Same as Zoroastrianism.Tylor.
||Zos"ter (?),n.[L., fr. Gr. &?; girdle, zoster. See Zone.](Med.)Shingles.
||Zos"te*ra (?),n.[NL.](Bot.)A genus of plants of theNaiadaceæ, or Pondweed family.Zostera marinais commonly known assea wrack, andeelgrass.
||Zos"ter*ops (?),n.[NL., fr. Gr. &?; girdle + &?;, &?;, the eye.](Zoöl.)A genus of birds that comprises the white-eyes. See White-eye.
Zouave (?; 277),n.[F., fr. Ar.Zouaouaa tribe of Kabyles living among the Jurjura mountains in Algeria.](Mil.)(a)One of an active and hardy body of soldiers in the French service, originally Arabs, but now composed of Frenchmen who wear the Arab dress.(b)Hence, one of a body of soldiers who adopt the dress and drill of the Zouaves, as was done by a number of volunteer regiments in the army of the United States in the Civil War, 1861-65.
Zounds (?),interj.[Contracted fromGod's wounds.] An exclamation formerly used as an oath, and an expression of anger or wonder.
Zoutch (?; 277),v. t.(Cookery)To stew, as flounders, eels, etc., with just enough or liquid to cover them.Smart.
Zubr (zbr),n.[Polishubr.](Zoöl.)The aurochs.
Zuche (zch),n.A stump of a tree.Cowell.
Zu*chet"to (?),n.[It.zucchetto.](R. C. Ch.)A skullcap covering the tonsure, worn under the berretta. The pope's is white; a cardinal's red; a bishop's purple; a priest's black.
||Zu"fo*lo (?; 277),n.[It.](Mus.)A little flute or flageolet, especially that which is used to teach birds. [Written alsozuffolo.]
Zui"sin (?),n.(Zoöl.)The American widgeon. [Local, U. S.]
Zu"lus (z"lz),n. pl.;sing.Zulu(-l).(Ethnol.)The most important tribe belonging to the Kaffir race. They inhabit a region on the southeast coast of Africa, but formerly occupied a much more extensive country. They are noted for their warlike disposition, courage, and military skill.
Zum*boo"ruk (?),n.[Turk. & Ar.zambrak, fr. Ar.zambra hornet.](Mil.)A small cannon supported by a swiveled rest on the back of a camel, whence it is fired, -- used in the East.
Zu"mic (?),a., Zu`mo*log"ic*al (&?;),a., Zu*mol"o*gy (&?;),n., Zu*mom"e*ter (&?;),n., etc. See Zymic, Zymological, etc.
Zu"ñis (?),n. pl.; sing.Zuñi(&?;).(Ethnol.)A tribe of Pueblo Indians occupying a village in New Mexico, on theZuñiRiver.
Zun"yite (?),n.(Min.)A fluosilicate of alumina occurring in tetrahedral crystals at theZuñimine in Colorado.
||Zwan"zi*ger (tsvän"ts*gr),n.[G.] An Austrian silver coin equivalent to 20 kreutzers, or about 10 cents.
||Zy*gan"trum (?),n.;pl.Zygantra(#). [Gr. zygo`n a yoke + &?; a cave, hole.](Anat.)See under Zygosphene.
Zyg`a*poph"y*sis (?),n.;pl.Zygapophyses(#). [Gr. zygo`n a yoke + E.apophysis.](Anat.)One of the articular processes of a vertebra, of which there are usually four, two anterior and two posterior. See under Vertebra. -- Zyg`ap*o*phys"i*al (#),a.
Zyg"e*nid (?),n.[Cf. Gr. &?;, probably the hammer-headed shark.](Zoöl.)Any one of numerous species of moths of the familyZygænidæ, most of which are bright colored. The wood nymph and the vine forester are examples. Also used adjectively.
||Zyg`o*bran"chi*a (?),n. pl.[NL., from Gr. zygo`n a yoke + &?; a gill.](Zoöl.)A division of marine gastropods in which the gills are developed on both sides of the body and the renal organs are also paired. The abalone (Haliotis) and the keyhole limpet (Fissurella) are examples.
Zyg`o*bran"chi*ate (?),a.(Zoöl.)Of or pertaining to the Zygobranchia.
{ Zyg`o*dac"tyl, Zyg`o*dac"tyle } (?),n.[See Zygodactylic.](Zoöl.)Any zygodactylous bird.
||Zyg`o*dac"ty*læ (?),n. pl.[NL.](Zoöl.)The zygodactylous birds. In a restricted sense applied to a division of birds which includes the barbets, toucans, honey guides, and other related birds.
||Zyg`o*dac"ty*li (?),n. pl.[NL.](Zoöl.)Same as Scansores.
{ Zyg`o*dac"ty*lic (?), Zyg`o*dac"tyl*ous (?; 277), }a.[Gr. zygo`n a yoke, pair + &?; finger, toe: cf. F.zygodactyle.](Zoöl.)Yoke-footed; having the toes disposed in pairs; -- applied to birds which have two toes before and two behind, as the parrot, cuckoo, woodpecker, etc.
||Zy*go"ma (?),n.[NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to yoke, zygo`n a yoke.](Anat.)(a)The jugal, malar, or cheek bone.(b)The zygomatic process of the temporal bone.(c)The whole zygomatic arch.
Zyg`o*mat"ic (?; 277),a.[Cf. F.zygomatique.](Anat.)Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the zygoma.
Zygomatic arch, the arch of bone beneath the orbit, formed in most mammals by the union of the malar, or jugal, with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone. In the lower vertebrates other bones may help to form it, and there may be two arches on each side of the skull, as in some reptiles. --Zygomatic process, a process of the temporal or squamosal bone helping to form the zygomatic arch.
{ Zyg`o*mor"phic (?), Zyg`o*mor"phous (?), }a.[Gr. zygo`n a yoke + &?; form.](Biol.)Symmetrical bilaterally; -- said of organisms, or parts of organisms, capable of division into two symmetrical halves only in a single plane.
Zyg"o*phyte (?),n.[Gr. zygo`n a yoke + fyto`n a plant.](Bot.)Any plant of a proposed class or grand division (Zygophytes,Zygophyta, orZygosporeæ), in which reproduction consists in the union of two similar cells. Cf. Oöphyte.
||Zy*go"sis (?),n.[NL., fr. Gr. &?; balancing, fr. zygo`n yoke.](Biol.)Same as Conjugation.
Zyg"o*sperm (?),n.[Gr. zygo`n a yoke + E.sperm.](Bot.)A spore formed by the union of the contents of two similar cells, either of the same or of distinct individual plants. Zygosperms are found in certain orders of algæ and fungi.
Zyg"o*sphene (?),n.[Gr. zygo`n a yoke + &?; a wedge.](Anat.)A median process on the front part of the neural arch of the vertebræ of most snakes and some lizards, which fits into a fossa, called thezygantrum, on the back part of the arch in front.
Zyg"o*spore (?),n.[Gr. zygo`n a yoke + E.spore.](Bot.)(a)Same as Zygosperm.(b)A spore formed by the union of several zoöspores; -- called alsozygozoöspore.
Zy"lon*ite (?),n.[Gr. &?; wood.] Celluloid.
Zym"ase (?),n.[From Zyme.](Physiol. Chem.)A soluble ferment, or enzyme. See Enzyme.
Zyme (?),n.[Gr. &?; leaven.]
1.A ferment.
2.(Med.)The morbific principle of a zymotic disease.Quain.
Zym"ic (?),a.(Old Chem.)Pertaining to, or produced by, fermentation; -- formerly, by confusion, used to designate lactic acid.
Zym"o*gen (?),n.[Zyme+- gen.](Physiol. Chem.)A mother substance, or antecedent, of an enzyme or chemical ferment; -- applied to such substances as, not being themselves actual ferments, may by internal changes give rise to a ferment.
The pancreas contains but little ready-made ferment, though there is present in it a body,zymogen, which gives birth to the ferment.
The pancreas contains but little ready-made ferment, though there is present in it a body,zymogen, which gives birth to the ferment.
Foster.
Zym"o*gene (?),n.[Zyme+ root of Gr. &?; to be born.](Biol.)One of a physiological group of globular bacteria which produces fermentations of diverse nature; -- distinguished frompathogene.
Zym`o*gen"ic (?),a.(Biol.)(a)Pertaining to, or formed by, a zymogene.(b)Capable of producing a definite zymogen or ferment.
Zymogenic organism(Biol.), a microörganism, such as the yeast plant of theBacterium lactis, which sets up certain fermentative processes by which definite chemical products are formed; -- distinguished from apathogenic organism. Cf. Micrococcus.
{ Zy`mo*log"ic (?), Zy`mo*log"ic*al (?), }a.[Cf. F.zymologique.] Of or pertaining to zymology.
Zy*mol"o*gist (?),n.One who is skilled in zymology, or in the fermentation of liquors.
Zy*mol"o*gy (?),n.[Zyme+- logy: cf. F.zymologie.] A treatise on the fermentation of liquors, or the doctrine of fermentation. [Written alsozumology.]
Zy"mome (?),n.[Gr. &?; a fermented mixture.](Old Chem.)A glutinous substance, insoluble in alcohol, resembling legumin; -- now calledvegetable fibrin,vegetable albumin, orgluten casein.
{ Zy*mom"e*ter (?), Zy`mo*sim"e*ter (?), }n.[Gr. &?; ferment, or &?; fermentation +- meter: cf. F.zymosimètre.] An instrument for ascertaining the degree of fermentation occasioned by the mixture of different liquids, and the degree of heat which they acquire in fermentation.
Zym"o*phyte (?),n.[Zyme+ Gr. fyto`n a plant.](Physiol. Chem.)A bacteroid ferment.
Zy*mose" (?),n.(Chem.)Invertin.
||Zy*mo"sis,n.[NL., fr. Gr. &?; fermentation, fr. &?; ferment.](Med.)(a)A fermentation; hence, an analogous process by which an infectious disease is believed to be developed.(b)A zymotic disease. [R.]
Zy*mot"ic (?),a.[Gr. &?; causing to ferment, fr. &?; to ferment, &?; ferment, leaven.]
1.Of, pertaining to, or caused by, fermentation.
2.(Med.)Designating, or pertaining to, a certain class of diseases. SeeZymotic disease, below.
Zymotic disease(Med.), any epidemic, endemic, contagious, or sporadic affection which is produced by some morbific principle or organism acting on the system like a ferment.
Zy"them (?),n.See Zythum.
Zy*thep"sa*ry (?),n.[Gr. &?; a kind of beer + &?; to boil.] A brewery. [R.]
||Zy"thum (?),n.[L., fr. Gr. &?; a kind of beer; -- so called by the Egyptians.] A kind of ancient malt beverage; a liquor made from malt and wheat. [Written alsozythem.]
================================================================ 1913 Supplementary Section: "New Words" ==================================================================
A.
||A*ba"si*a (?),n.[NL.; Gr. &?;- not + &?; a step.](Med.)Inability to coördinate muscular actions properly in walking. -- A*ba"sic (#),a.
||Ab"ge*ord`ne*ten*haus` (?),n.[G.] See Legislature,Austria,Prussia.
||A"bra (?),n.[Sp., a bay, valley, fissure.] A narrow pass or defile; a break in a mesa; the mouth of a cañon. [Southwestern U. S.]
Ab`re*ac"tion (?),n.[Pref.ab-+reaction, after G.Abreagirung.](Psychotherapy)See Catharsis, below.
Ac`cla*ma"tion,n.In parliamentary usage, the act or method of voting orally and by groups rather than by ballot, esp. in elections; specif.(R. C. Ch.), the election of a pope or other ecclesiastic by unanimous consent of the electors, without a ballot.
Ace,n.A single point won by a stroke, as in handball, rackets, etc.; in tennis, frequently, a point won by a service stroke.
A*ce"qui*a (?),n.[Sp.] A canal or trench for irrigating land. [Sp. Amer.]
Ac"e*tol (?),n.[Acetic +- olas inalcohol.](Chem.)Methyl ketol; also, any of various homologues of the same.
||Ac`e*to*næ"mi*a, -ne"mi*a (&?;),n.[NL. See Acetone; Hæma-.](Med.)A morbid condition characterized by the presence of acetone in the blood, as in diabetes.
||Ac`e*to*nu"ri*a (?),n.[NL. See Acetone; Urine.](Med.)Excess of acetone in the urine, as in starvation or diabetes.
Ac`e*to*phe"none (?),n.[Acetic +phenyl +one.](Chem.)A crystalline ketone, CH3COC6H5, which may be obtained by the dry distillation of a mixture of the calcium salts of acetic and benzoic acids. It is used as a hypnotic under the name ofhypnone.
||A` che*val" (?). [F., lit., on horseback.] Astride; with a part on each side; -- used specif. in designating the position of an army with the wings separated by some line of demarcation, as a river or road.
A positionà chevalon a river is not one which a general willingly assumes.
A positionà chevalon a river is not one which a general willingly assumes.
Swinton.
A*chro"ma*tous (?),a.[See Ahromatic.] Lacking, or deficient in, color; as,achromatousblood.
A*chro"mic (?),a.[Gr. &?; colorless; &?; priv. + &?; color.] Free from color; colorless; as, inPhysiol. Chem., theachromicpoint of a starch solution acted upon by an amylolytic enzyme is the point at which it fails to give any color with iodine.
Ac"id proc"ess.(Iron Metal.)That variety of either the Bessemer or the open-hearth process in which the converter or hearth is lined with acid, that is, highly siliceous, material. Opposed tobasic process.
Ac`o*nit"ic (?),a.(Chem.)Pert. to or designating a crystalline tribasic acid, &?;, obtained from aconite and other plants. It is a carboxyl derivative of itaconic acid.
Ac*tin"o*gram (?),n.[Gr. &?;, &?;, ray +-gram.] A record made by the actinograph.
||Ac`ti*no*my*co"sis (?),n.[NL.](Med.)A chronic infectious disease of cattle and man due to the presence ofActinomyces bovis. It causes local suppurating tumors, esp. about the jaw. Called alsolumpy jaworbig jaw. -- Ac`ti*no*my*cot"ic (#),a.
Ac*tin"o*phone (?),n.[Gr. &?;, &?;, ray + &?; voice.](Physics)An apparatus for the production of sound by the action of the actinic, or ultraviolet, rays.
Ac*tin`o*phon"ic (?),a.(Physics)Pertaining to, or causing the production of, sound by means of the actinic, or ultraviolet, rays; as,actinophonicphenomena.
Ac`u*tor"sion (?),n.[L.acusneedle +torsion.](Med.)The twisting of an artery with a needle to arrest hemorrhage.
A*cyc"lic (?),a.[Pref.a-not +cyclic.] Not cyclic; not disposed in cycles or whorls; as:(a)(Bot.)Of a flower, having its parts inserted spirally on the receptacle.(b)(Org. Chem.)Having an open-chain structure; aliphatic.
Ac"yl (?),n.[Acid +- yl.](Org. Chem.)An acid radical, as acetyl, malonyl, or benzoyl.
Ad*dress",v. t.--To address the ball(Golf), to take aim at the ball, adjusting the grip on the club, the attitude of the body, etc., to a convenient position.
Ad"e*noid (?),n.(Med.)A swelling produced by overgrowth of the adenoid tissue in the roof of the pharynx; -- usually inpl.
||Ad`e*no"ma (?),n.;L. pl.-mata(#). [NL.;adeno-+-oma.](Med.)A benign tumor of a glandlike structure; morbid enlargement of a gland. -- Ad`e*nom"a*tous (&?;),a.
Ad"e*nop"a*thy (?),n.[Adeno-+ Gr. &?; suffering, &?; to suffer.](Med.)Disease of a gland.
||Ad"e*no*scle*ro"sis (?),n.[NL.;adeno-+sclerosis.](Med.)The hardening of a gland.
A"den ul"cer (?). [So named afterAden, a seaport in Southern Arabia, where it occurs.](Med.)A disease endemic in various parts of tropical Asia, due to a specific microörganism which produces chronic ulcers on the limbs. It is often fatal. Called alsoCochin China ulcer,Persian ulcer,tropical ulcer, etc.
||A`dios" (?),interj.[Sp., fr. L.adto +deusgod. Cf. Adieu.] Adieu; farewell; good-by; -- chiefly used among Spanish-speaking people.
This word is often pronounced å*d"s, but the Spanish accent, though weak, is on the final syllable.
Ad`i*pog"e*nous (?),a.[See Adipose; -genous.](Med.)Producing fat.
||Ad`i*pol"y*sis (?),n.[NL.; L.adeps,adipis, fat + Gr. &?; a loosing.](Physiol.)The digestion of fats.
Ad`i*po*lyt"ic (?),a.[L.adeps,adipis, fat + Gr. &?; to loose.](Chem.)Hydrolyzing fats; converting neutral fats into glycerin and free fatty acids, esp. by the action of an enzyme; as,adipolyticaction.
||Ad`i*po"ma (?),n.;L. pl.-mata(#). [NL. See Adipose; -oma.](Med.)A mass of fat found internally; also, a fatty tumor. -- Ad`i*pom"a*tous (&?;),a.
Ad"i*pose` (?),n.(Physiol.)The fat present in the cells of adipose tissue, composed mainly of varying mixtures of tripalmitin, tristearin, and triolein. It solidifies after death.
{ Adjusting plane or surface. }(Aëronautics)A small plane or surface, usually capable of adjustment but not of manipulation, for preserving lateral balance in an aëroplane or flying machine.
Ad*mit"tance,n.(Elec.)The reciprocal of impedance.
||A*do"be (?),n.1.Earth from which unburnt bricks are made. [Western U. S.]
2.(Geol.)Alluvial and playa clays of desert and arid regions, differing from ordinary clays of humid regions in containing carbonates and other soluble minerals.
||Ad`o*na"i (?),n.[Heb.adni, lit., my lord.] A Hebrew name for God, usually translated in the Old Testament by the word "Lord".
The later Jews used its vowel points to fill out the tetragrammaton Yhvh, or Ihvh, "the incommunicable name," and in reading substituted "Adonai".
Ad*re"nal*ine (?),n.Also Ad*re"nal*in (&?;).(Physiol. Chem.)A crystalline substance, C9H13O3N, obtained from suprarenal extract, of which it is regarded as the active principle. It is used in medicine as a stimulant and hemostatic.
Ad*su"ki bean (?). [Jap.adzuki.] A cultivated variety of the Asiatic gram, now introduced into the United States.
Ad"u*rol (?),n.(Photog.)Either of two compounds, a chlorine derivative and bromine derivative, of hydroquinone, used as developers.
Ad*van"cing edge.(Aëronautics)The front edge (in direction of motion) of a supporting surface; -- contr. withfollowing edge, which is the rear edge.
Ad*van"cing sur"face.(Aëronautics)The first of two or more surfaces arranged in tandem; -- contr. withfollowing surface, which is the rear surface.
Æ*ol"ic,a.[L.Aeolus, Gr. &?;, name of the god of the winds.](Phys. Geog.)Pertaining to, caused by, or designating, the action of the wind in modifying the earth's surface; as,æolicerosion;æolicsand. [Written alsoeolic.]
A"ër*a`tor (?),n.That which supplies with air or gas; specif.:(a)An apparatus used for charging mineral waters with gas and in making soda water.(b)A fumigator used to bleach grain, destroying fungi and insects.
{ A"ër*en`chym (?), ||A`ër*en"chy*ma (?) },n.[NL.aërenchyma. See Aëro-; Enchyma.](Bot.)A secondary respiratory tissue or modified periderm, found in many aquatic plants and distinguished by the large intercellular spaces.
A*ë`ri*al rail"way`.(a)A stretched wire or rope elevated above the ground and forming a way along which a trolley may travel, for conveying a load suspended from the trolley.(b)An elevated cableway.
A*ë"ri*al sick"ness. A sickness felt by aëronauts due to high speed of flights and rapidity in changing altitudes, combining some symptoms of mountain sickness and some of seasickness.
A"ër*o (?),n.An aëroplane, airship, or the like. [Colloq.]
A`ër*o"bic (?),a.(Biol.)Growing or thriving only in the presence of oxygen; also, pertaining to, or induced by, aërobies; as,aërobicfermentation. -- A`ër*o"bic*al*ly (#),adv.
A"ër*o*boat` (?),n.[Aëro-+boat.] A form of hydro- aëroplane; a flying boat.
A"ër*o*bus` (?),n.[Aëro-+bus.] An aëroplane or airship designed to carry passengers.
A"ër*o*club` (?),n.[Aëro-+club.] A club or association of persons interested in aëronautics.
A"ër*o*curve` (?),n.[Aëro-+curve.](Aëronautics)A modification of the aëroplane, having curved surfaces, the advantages of which were first demonstrated by Lilienthal.
A`ë*ro*do*net"ics (?),n.[Aëro-+ Gr. &?; shaken, &?; to shake.](Aëronautics)The science of gliding and soaring flight.
A"ë*ro*drome` (?),n.[Aëro-+ Gr. &?; a running.](Aëronautics)(a)A shed for housing an airship or aëroplane.(b)A ground or field, esp. one equipped with housing and other facilities, used for flying purposes. -- A`ër*o*drom"ic (#),a.
A"ër*o*foil` (?),n.[Aëro-+foil.] A plane or arched surface for sustaining bodies by its movement through the air; a spread wing, as of a bird.
A"ër*o*gun` (?),n.[Aëro-+gun.] A cannon capable of being trained at very high angles for use against aircraft.
A`ër*o*me*chan"ic (?),n.A mechanic or mechanician expert in the art and practice of aëronautics.
{ A`ër*o*me*chan"ic (?), A`ër*o*me*chan"ical (?) },a.Of or pert. to aëromechanics.
A`ër*o*me*chan"ics (?),n.The science of equilibrium and motion of air or an aëriform fluid, including aërodynamics and aërostatics.
A"ër*o*nat` (?),n.[F.aéronat. See Aëro-; Natation.] A dirigible balloon.
A"ër*o*nef` (?),n.[F.aéronef.] A power-driven, heavier-than-air flying machine.
A"ër*o*phone` (?),n.[Aëro-+ Gr. &?; voice.](a)A form of combined speaking and ear trumpet.(b)An instrument, proposed by Edison, for greatly intensifying speech. It consists of a phonograph diaphragm so arranged that its action opens and closes valves, producing synchronous air blasts sufficient to operate a larger diaphragm with greater amplitude of vibration.
A"ër*o*plane` (?),n.[Aëro-+plane.](Aëronautics)A light rigid plane used in aërial navigation to oppose sudden upward or downward movement in the air, as in gliding machines; specif., such a plane slightly inclined and driven forward as a lifting device in some flying machines; hence, a flying machine using such a device. These machines are called monoplanes, biplanes, triplanes, or quadruplanes, according to the number of main supporting planes used in their constraction. Being heavier than air they depend for their levitation on motion imparted by one or more propellers actuated by a gasoline engine. They start from the ground by a run on small wheels or runners, and are guided by a steering apparatus consisting of horizontal and vertical movable planes. There are many varieties of form and construction, which in some cases are known by the names of their inventors.
A"ër*o*plan`ist (?),n.One who flies in an aëroplane.
A"ër*o*stat (?),n.(Aëronautics)A passive balloon; a balloon without motive power.
A`ër*o*sta"tion (?),n.That part of aëronautics that deals with passive balloons.
||A"ër*o*tax`is (?),n.[NL. See Aëro-; Taxis.](Bacteriology)The positive or negative stimulus exerted by oxygen on aërobic and anaërobic bacteria. -- A`ër*o*tac"tic (#),a.
A`ër*o*ther`a*pen"tics (?),n.[Aëro-+therapeutics.](Med.)Treatment of disease by the use of air or other gases.
A"ër*o*yacht` (?),n.[Aëro-+yacht.] A form of hydro- aëroplane; a flying boat.
||Æ"sir (?),n. pl.[Icel., pl. ofssgod.] In the old Norse mythology, the gods Odin, Thor, Loki, Balder, Frigg, and the others. Their home was called Asgard.
Af*fect" (?),n.(Psychotherapy)The emotional complex associated with an idea or mental state. In hysteria, theaffectis sometimes entirely dissociated, sometimes transferred to another than the original idea.
||Af`fiche" (?),n.[F., fr.afficherto affix.] A written or printed notice to be posted, as on a wall; a poster; a placard.
Af"fri*cate (?),n.[L.affricatus, p. p. ofaffricareto rub against;af- = ad-+fricareto rub.](Phon.)A combination of a stop, or explosive, with an immediately following fricative or spirant of corresponding organic position, aspfin germanPfeffer, pepper,z(= ts) in GermanZeit, time.
A*float",adv. & a.Covered with water bearing floating articles; flooded; as, the decks areafloat.
A. F. of L. (Abbrev.) American Federation of Labor.
Aft"er*sen*sa`tion (?),n.(Psychol.)A sensation or sense impression following the removal of a stimulus producing a primary sensation, and reproducing the primary sensation in positive, negative, or complementary form. The aftersensation may be continuous with the primary sensation or follow it after an interval.
A`gar-a"gar (?),n.A gelatinlike substance, or a solution of it, prepared from certain seaweeds containing gelose, and used in the artificial cultivation of bacteria; -- often calledagar, by abbreviation.
Age,n.In poker, the right belonging to the player to the left of the dealer to pass the first round in betting, and then to come in last or stay out; also, the player holding this position; the eldest hand.
Ag*grade" (?),v. t.[imp. & p. p.Aggraded;p. pr. & vb. n.Aggrading.](Phys. Geog.)To bring, or tend to bring, to a uniform grade, or slope, by addition of material; as, streamsaggradetheir beds by depositing sediment.
||Ag"nus Scyth"i*cus (?). [L., Scythian lamb.](Bot.)The Scythian lamb, a kind of woolly-skinned rootstock. See Barometz.
Ag"ro*tech`ny (?),n.[Gr. &?; field, land + &?; an art.] That branch of agriculture dealing with the methods of conversion of agricultural products into manufactured articles; agricultural technology.
Ai"le*ron (?),n.[F., dim. ofailewing.]1.A half gable, as at the end of a penthouse or of the aisle of a church.
2.(Aëronautics)A small plane or surface capable of being manipulated by the pilot of a flying machine to preserve or destroy lateral balance; a hinged wing tip; a lateral stabilizing or balancing plane.
Air brush. A kind of atomizer for applying liquid coloring matter in a spray by compressed air.
Air cooling. In gasoline-engine motor vehicles, the cooling of the cylinder by increasing its radiating surface by means of ribs or radiators, and placing it so that it is exposed to a current of air. Cf. Water cooling. -- Air"- cooled`,a.
Air"craft` (?),n. sing. & pl.Any device, as a balloon, aëroplane, etc., for floating in, or flying through, the air.
Air gap.(Physics)An air-filled gap in a magnetic or electric circuit; specif., in a dynamo or motor, the space between the field-magnet poles and the armature; clearance.
Air hole.(Aëronautics)A local region in the atmosphere having a downward movement and offering less than normal support for the sustaining surfaces of a flying machine.
Air line. A path through the air made easy for aërial navigation by steady winds.
Air"man (?),n.A man who ascends or flies in an aircraft; a flying machine pilot.
Air"man*ship (?),n.Art, skill, or ability in the practice of aërial navigation.
Air"ol (?),n.(Pharm.)A grayish green antiseptic powder, consisting of a basic iodide and gallate of bismuth, sometimes used in place of iodoform. [A Trademark]
Air`sick` (?),a.Affected with aërial sickness. -- Air"sick`ness,n.
Air"wom`an (?),n.A woman who ascends or flies in an aircraft.
||Aj"a*va (?),n.(Bot.)See Ajouan.
{ ||Aj"ou*an ||Aj"ow*an } (?),n.[Written alsoajwain.] [Prob. native name.](Bot.)The fruit ofAmmi Copticum, syn.Carum Ajowan, used both as a medicine and as a condiment. An oil containing thymol is extracted from it. Called alsoJavanee seed,Javanese seed, andajava.
||A*la"li*a (?),n.[NL., fr. Gr. &?; priv. + &?; a talking; cf. &?; speechless.](Med.)Inability to utter articulate sounds, due either to paralysis of the larynx or to that form of aphasia, calledmotor, orataxis,aphasia, due to loss of control of the muscles of speech.
Al"bert ware. A soft ornamental terra-cotta pottery, sold in the biscuit state for decorating.
Alb Sunday.(Eccl.)The first Sunday after Easter Sunday, properlyAlbless Sunday, because in the early church those who had been baptized on Easter eve laid aside on the following Saturday their white albs which had been put on after baptism.
||Al*bu`mi*no"sis (?),n.[NL., fr. E.albumin.](Med.)A morbid condition due to excessive increase of albuminous elements in the blood.
Al*cade" (?),n.Var. of Alcaid.
||Al`cal*di"a (?),n.[Sp.Alcaldía.] The jurisdiction or office of an alcalde; also, the building or chamber in which he conducts the business of his office.
||Al`cor*no"que (?),n.[Sp., cork tree.] The bark of several trees, esp. ofBowdichia virgilioidesof Brazil, used as a remedy for consumption; ofByrsonima crassifolia, used in tanning; ofAlchornea latifolia, used medicinally; or ofQuercus ilex, the cork tree.
Al"der fly.1.Any of numerous neuropterous insects of the genusSialisor allied genera. They have aquatic larvæ, which are used for bait.
2.(Angling)An artificial fly with brown mottled wings, body of peacock harl, and black legs.
Al"dol (?),n.[Aldehyde +- olas inalcohol.](Chem.)A colorless liquid, C4H8O2, obtained by condensation of two molecules of acetaldehyde: CH3CHO + CH3CHO = H3CH(OH)CH2CO; also, any of various derivatives of this. The same reaction has been applied, under the name ofaldol condensation, to the production of many compounds.
||Al"em (?),n.[Turk.'alem, fr. Ar.'alam.](Mil.)The imperial standard of the Turkish Empire.
{ A*lep"po boil, button, or evil }.(Med.)A chronic skin affection terminating in an ulcer, most commonly of the face. It is endemic along the Mediterranean, and is probably due to a specific bacillus. Called alsoAleppo ulcer,Biskara boil,Delhi boil,Oriental sore, etc.
Aleppo grass.(Bot.)One of the cultivated forms ofAndropogon Halepensis(syn.Sorghum Halepense). See Andropogon, below.
A*leu"ro*nat (?),n.[See Aleurone.] Flour made of aleurone, used as a substitute for ordinary flour in preparing bread for diabetic persons.
||A*lex"i*a (?),n.[NL.;a-not + Gr. &?; speech, fr. &?; to speak, confused with L.legereto read.](Med.)(a)As used by some, inability to read aloud, due to brain disease.(b)More commonly, inability, due to brain disease, to understand written or printed symbols although they can be seen, as in case of word blindness.
{ ||Al*fil`e*ri"a , ||Al*fil`e*ril"la } (?),n.[Mex. Sp., fr. Sp.alfilerpin.] Same as Alfilaria.
||Al*for"ja (?),n.[Alsoalfarga,alforge.] [Sp.] A saddlebag. [Sp. Amer.]
Al"gin (?),n.(Chem.)A nitrogenous substance resembling gelatin, obtained from certain algæ.
Al*gom"e*ter (?),n.[Gr. &?; pain +-meter.](Psychol.)An instrument for measuring sensations of pain due to pressure. It has a piston rod with a blunted tip which is pressed against the skin. -- Al*gom"e*try (#),n.-- Al`go*met"ric (#), *met"ric*al (#),a.-- Al`go*met"ric*al*ly,adv.
Al*gon"ki*an (?),a.1.Var. of Algonquian.
2.(Geol.)Pertaining to or designating a period or era recognized by the United States Geological Survey and some other authorities, between the Archæan and the Paleozoic, from both of which it is generally separated in the record by unconformities. Algonkian rocks are both sedimentary and igneous. Although fossils are rare, life certainly existed in this period. --n.The Algonkian period or era, or system or group of systems.
Al*gon"qui*an (?),a.Pertaining to or designating the most extensive of the linguistic families of North American Indians, their territory formerly including practically all of Canada east of the 115th meridian and south of Hudson's Bay and the part of the United States east of the Mississippi and north of Tennessee and Virginia, with the exception of the territory occupied by the northern Iroquoian tribes. There are nearly 100,000 Indians of the Algonquian tribes, of which the strongest are the Ojibwas (Chippewas), Ottawas, Crees, Algonquins, Micmacs, and Blackfeet. --n.An Algonquian Indian.
Al`i*phat"ic (?),a.[Gr. &?;, &?;, oil, fat.](Org. Chem.)Of, pertaining to, or derived from, fat; fatty; -- applied to compounds having an openc-hain structure. Thealiphaticcompounds thus include not only thefattyacids and other derivatives of the paraffin hydrocarbons, but also unsaturated compounds, as the ethylene and acetylene series.
Al"ka*li (?),n.Soluble mineral matter, other than common salt, contained in soils of natural waters. [Western U. S.]
Alkali flat. A sterile plain, containing an excess of alkali, at the bottom of an undrained basin in an arid region; a playa.
Alkali soil. Any one of various soils found in arid and semiarid regions, containing an unusual amount of soluble mineral salts which effloresce in the form of a powder or crust (usually white) in dry weather following rains or irrigation. The basis of these salts is mainly soda with a smaller amount of potash, and usually a little lime and magnesia. Two main classes of alkali are commonly distinguished:black alkali, which may be any alkaline carbonate, but which practically consists of sodium carbonate (sal soda), which is highly corrosive and destructive to vegetation; andwhite alkali, characterized by the presence of sodium sulphate (Glauber's salt), which is less injurious to vegetation. Black alkali is so called because water containing it dissolves humus, forming a dark-colored solution which, when it collects in puddles and evaporates, produces characteristic black spots.
Alkali waste. Waste material from the manufacture of alkali; specif., soda waste.
Al`le*ghe"ni*an (?),a.Also Al`le*gha"ni*an.(Biogeography)Pertaining to or designating the humid division of the Transition zone extending across the northern United States from New England to eastern Dakota, and including also most of Pennsylvania and the mountainous region as far south as northern Georgia.
Al"le*ghe`ny (?),a.1.Of or pertaining to the Allegheny Mountains, or the region where they are situated. Also Al"le*gha`ny.
2.[From theAlleghenyRiver, Pennsylvania.](Geol.)Pertaining to or designating a subdivision of the Pennsylvanian coal measure.
Al*le"lo*morph (?),n.[Gr. &?; of one another + Gr. &?; form.](Biol.)One of the pure unit characters commonly existing singly or in pairs in the germ cells of Mendelian hybrids, and exhibited in varying proportion among the organisms themselves. Allelomorphs which under certain circumstances are themselves compound are calledhypallelomorphs. See Mendel's law. -- Al*le`lo*mor"phic (#),a.
As we know that the several unit characters are of such a nature that any one of them is capable of independently displacing or being displaced by one or more alternative characters taken singly, we may recognize this fact by naming such charactersallelomorphs.
As we know that the several unit characters are of such a nature that any one of them is capable of independently displacing or being displaced by one or more alternative characters taken singly, we may recognize this fact by naming such charactersallelomorphs.
Bateson.
Al"li*ga`tor wrench.(Mech.)A kind of pipe wrench having a flaring jaw with teeth on one side.
Al`lo*troph"ic (?),a.[Gr. &?; other +trophic.](a)(Physiol.)Changed or modified in nutritive power by the process of digestion.(b)(Plant Physiol.)Dependent upon other organisms for nutrition; heterotrophic; -- said of plants unable to perform photosynthesis, as all saprophytes; -- opposed toautotrophic.
Al"loy steel. Any steel containing a notable quantity of some other metal alloyed with the iron, usually chromium, nickel, manganese, tungsten, or vanadium.
Al*lu"vi*al (?),n.Alluvial soil; specif., in Australia, gold-bearing alluvial soil.
Al"pen*glow` (?),n.A reddish glow seen near sunset or sunrise on the summits of mountains; specif., a reillumination sometimes observed after the summits have passed into shadow, supposed to be due to a curving downward (refraction) of the light rays from the west resulting from the cooling of the air.
{ Al"pen*horn` (?), Alp"horn` },n.[G.Alpenhorn.] A curved wooden horn about three feet long, with a cupped mouthpiece and a bell, used by the Swiss to sound theranz des vachesand other melodies. Its notes are open harmonics of the tube.
Al*pes"trine (?),a.(Bot.)Growing on the elevated parts of mountains, but not above the timbe&?; line; subalpine.
Al"pha pa"per.(Photog.)A sensitized paper for obtaining positives by artificial light. It is coated with gelatin containing silver bromide and chloride. [Eng.]
Alpha rays.(Physics & Chem.)Rays of relatively low penetrating power emitted by radium and other radioactive substances, and shown to consist of positively charged particles (perhaps particles of helium) having enormous velocities but small masses. They are slightly deflected by a strong magnetic or electric field.
Al"phol (?),n.[Alpha-+- olas inalcohol.](Pharm.)A crystalline derivative of salicylic acid, used as an antiseptic and antirheumatic.
||Al`ter`nat" (?),n.[F.] A usage, among diplomats, of rotation in precedence among representatives of equal rank, sometimes determined by lot and at other times in regular order. The practice obtains in the signing of treaties and conventions between nations.
Al"ter*nat`ing cur"rent.(Elec.)A current which periodically changes or reverses its direction of flow.
Al"ter*na`tor (?),n.(Elec.)An electric generator or dynamo for producing alternating currents.
||Al"thing (?),n.[Icel. (modern)alping, earlieralpingi;allrall +pingassembly. See All, and Thing.] The national assembly or parliament of Iceland. See Thing,n., 8.
Al`to-cu"mu*lus (?),n.[L.altushigh + L. & E.cumulus.](Meteor.)A fleecy cloud formation consisting of large whitish or grayish globular cloudlets with shaded portions, often grouped in flocks or rows.
Al`to-stra"tus (?),n.[L.altushigh + L. & E.stratus.](Meteor.)A cloud formation similar to cirro-stratus, but heavier and at a lower level.
A*lu`mi*nog"ra*phy (?),n.[Alumin-ium +-graphy.] Art or process of producing, and printing from, aluminium plates, after the manner of ordinary lithography. -- A*lu`mi*no*graph"ic (#),a.
Al"ve*o*lar (?),a.(Phon.)Articulated with the tip of the tongue pressing against the alveolar processes of the upper front teeth.
||Am`a*ni"ta (?),n.[NL. See Amanitine.](Bot.)A genus of poisonous fungi of the familyAgaricaceæ, characterized by having a volva, an annulus, and white spores. The species resemble edible mushrooms, and are frequently mistaken for them.Amanita muscaria, syn.Agaricus muscarius, is the fly amanita, or fly agaric; andA. phalloidesis the death cup.