Abbot, Archbishop, and Father Paul,432Abbott, Dr., on Bacon and Machiavelli,228Absolutism, causes contributing to,288impulse given to, by teaching of Machiavelli,41inherently present in France,237-40and the Massacre of St. Bartholomew,121the old, its most revolutionary act,275sanction of,433Absolutists, eighteenth century, their care solely for the State,273Acta Sanctorumauthority on the inception and early growth of the Inquisition,554Acton, Lord—Character and characteristics of—Absolutism detested by,xxxi,xxxivadmiration of, for George Eliot and for Gladstone, basis of,xxiiiCatholicism of,xii-xiv,xix,xx,xxvii,xxviii;attitude of, to doctrine of Papal Infallibility,xxv,xxvi;reality of his faith,xviiiet seq.ideals cherished by, document embodying,xxxviii-ix;need of directing ideals practised by,xxii,xxivindividualistic tendencies of,xxviiiintense individuality of,xviobjection of, to doctrine of moral relativity,xxxii,xxxiiipersonality of, as exhibited in present volume,xii;greatness of,xxii,xxxvii,xxxviiiseverity of his judgments,xxv,xxviiLiterary activity and tastes of—contributions of, to periodicals, light thrown by, on his erudition and critical faculty,ixHistory of Libertyprojected by,xxxvas leader-writer,ixpreference of, for matter rather than manner in literature,xxiiliterary activity, three chief periods in,xii-xivwritings of, planned,xxxv,xxxvi;and completed,ixet passim;why comparatively few,xxxv-vii;qualities in, iv,x,xvi;instance of,xi;the real inspiration of, and of his life,xxi;style of,xxxivet seq.origin, birth, and environment of,xiv,xviii,xix,xxxiiipolitical errors of,xxviiiet seq.;on freedom,xxxi;on Liberalism,xxv,xxxon Stahl,391Adams, J.Q., on the Christian faith,585denying the influence of the pilgrims on the American Revolution,584despondency of, as to American constitution,579discriminating between American and French Revolutions,580on Hamilton,582Adams, the younger,578Addison, J., inconsistent ideas of, regarding liberty,53Address of the Bishops at Rome, Wiseman's draft, the facts concerning,444-5;attacks on, of thePatrie,439,443,444,445;Wiseman's reply,and see Home and Foreign ReviewAhrens,citedon national government,227Alamanni, forecasting the Huguenot massacres,109Albertus Magnus,557Albigenses, how dealt with by Montfort,556why persecuted,168Aldobrandini, Cardinal Hippolyto,seeClement VIII.Alessandria, Cardinal of, Michielli Bonelli, Legate of Pius V. mission of, to Spain, Portugal, and France,112;his famous companion,113;his ostensible purpose, its failure, information given to, on the forthcoming massacre,113-14after the St. Bartholomew140Alfonso, King of Aragon, proscription by, of heretics,558Alva, Duke of, Catherine de' Medici's message to, on the massacres,122failure of, in the Low Countries,103judgment of, on the St. Bartholomew,124letter of, on the St. Bartholomew.108¬eordered to slay all Huguenot prisoners,141-2America, colonists of, opposition of Lords Chatham and Camden to,55early settlers in, Catholic and Protestant, contrasted action as to religious liberty,187doctrine of rights of man, originated from,55United States, democracy in,64government, based on Burke's political philosophy,56;how the value of this foundation was negatived,56humour in,579national institutions of, attitude to, of Americans of to-day, not that of the founders,579place of, in political science,578presidency of Monroe, "the era of good feeling,"56progress of democracy in,84religion in, Döllinger on,339-40representation in, defect concerning,579American Commonwealth The, by James Bryce,review,575American Constitution, Hamilton's position regarding,581;its development due to Marshall,ib.how cemented,579government, confederate scheme of,577Judge Cooley on,580liberty, Judge Cooley on,580revolution, the abstract revolution in perfection,586no point of comparison between it and the French,580not inspired by the beliefs of the Pilgrim Fathers,584-5spirit of,580,587Americans, attitude of the best towards politics,578Anabaptists, destructive tendency of their teaching,157,169, 171,174,175,178,185;and its effect on Luther,155intolerance of,171-2views of reformers as to their toleration,157,164,167,176Andreæ. Lutheran divine, on the Huguenots,145Angelis, de Cardinal, manager of elections to Commission on Dogma,529President of Vatican Council,534Anglicanism, appreciation of Döllinger for some exponents of,395and growth of other sects,334-7progress of,329-32Anjou, Confession of, on the St. Bartholomew,107Anjou, Duke of(see alsoHenry III.), and the crown of Poland,105,120,144schemes for marriage of, with Queen Elizabeth,105guilt of, for the St. Bartholomew,110orders of, for Huguenot massacre in his lands,119Annalists, method of, compared with that of scientific historians,233Antiquity, authority of State excessive in,4of liberty proved by recent historians,5Antonelli, Cardinal, advice of, to Bonnechose,529discussion of Infallibilty by Vatican Council, denied by,518-19on temporal power of Papacy,414Apologists for the Massacre of St. Bartholomew,147-8Apology of Confession of Augsburg on excommunication,158Arianism among the Teutonic tribes,199suggested, of Petavius, and why,592Aristides and democracy,68Aristocracy, destruction of, in the Reign of Terror,262early eighteenth-century,273-4government by, advocated by Pythagoras,21;government by, danger of,20Roman, struggle with plebeians,13,14Aristotle on class interests,69estimation of, by Döllinger,406Ethicsof, democracy condemned by,71Politicsof,22,79;makes concession to democracy,72saying of, reflecting the illiberal sentiments of his age,18Arles, Council of, and the Count of Toulouse,565Arnaud and the saying, "God knows His own,"567Arnauld,429Arnim, Baron, influence of, at Vatican Council,506interview of, with Döllinger,426Arnold of Brescia,559Arragon, constructive science of its people,557heresy in (1230),556;lead of the country in persecution,557Artists, method of, compared with that of scientific historians,233Ascoli, Cecco d', fate of,564-5Ashburton, Lady,382Asoka (Buddhist king), first to proclaim and establish representative government,26Assassination,see alsoMurderandRegicideCatherine de' Medici's plan, inspired by member of Council of Trent,216expediency of, view of Swedish bishops,217as a political weapon,213-14religious, considered expedient,325the reward of heresy, a doctrine of the Church in Middle Ages,216Athenagorascited,70Athenians, character of,11Athens, constitution of, rapid decline in career of,11;revision of, provided for by Solon with good results,7,8democracy of,66;tyranny manifested by,12government by consent superseded government by compulsion, under Solon,7laws of, revised by Solon,6political equality at,68Republic of, causes of ruin of,70death of Socrates crowning act of guilt of,12reform in, came too late,12,13Aubigné, Merle d', and the charge against the Bordeaux clergy,127noteAuger, Edmond, S.J., and the Bordeaux massacres,127Augsburg, Confession of, axiom concerning importance of, in Luther's system of politics,159Apology of, on excommunication,158Austria, Concordat in, its failure,292opposition to Vatican politics in, and to the Council,503,506policy of repression in, after Waterloo,283representation of, on Vatican Council,509Austria, Don Juan of, and the victory of Lepanto,104;effect of, marred by Charles IX.,105Austrian Empire, nationalities in,295,296;why substantial, one of the most perfect States,298Austrian power in Italy, effect of, on nationality,287rule in Italy, error of,285Authorities, use made of, revealing qualities of historians,235Authority of the Church questioned through Frohschammer's excommunication,477-8Authority, supreme, of the Church,192;attitude ofHome and Foreign Reviewtowards,482-91Avaux, D', view of expedient political massacre,218Avignon, removal of the Papacy to,370;strife between, and the Franciscans,552Ayamonte, Spanish Ambassador to Paris,123Baader, F.X. von, estimate of, by Döllinger and Martensen,376;work of,377;father-in-law of Lasaulx,405Schelling's coolness to,381Babœuf, proclaimer of Communism,273Bach, administration of, in Austria,283Bacon, Francis,562advocate of passive obedience to kings,48modern attacks on,377on bookish politicians,575on St. Thomas Aquinas,37influence of Machiavelli on,228citedon political justification,220Bacon, Sir Nicholas,44Baden (1862), nationality in,295Baglioni, family of, models for Machiavelli,212Bain, T., interpreter of Locke,220Ballanche and liberal Catholicism,588Ballerini, influence on Döllinger,387Balmez, classed as Ultramontane,451Baltimore, synod of, and Infallibility,499Baluze,559Barbarians, the, become instrument of the Church by introducing single system of law,244Barberini, Cardinal, on reason for condemning De Thou's History,147Baronius,379,429;Döllinger's study of,387Barrot, O., opposed to universal suffrage,590Barrow, Isaac, Döllinger's Roman antidote to,387Basel, Church government at, under Œcolampadius,176Baudrillart, cited on Machiavelli's universality,226Baumgarten, Crusius, on political expediency,230works of, esteemed by Döllinger,381Baur, Ferdinand, on historical facts,385work of, estimated by Döllinger,381,404Bavaria, Catholic stronghold (1572),103Baxter, Richard,416Bayle, Pierre,citedon Servetus,185Bayonne, conference of, massacre of St. Bartholomew the outcome of,108,109¬e,124Beaconsfield, Earl of, story of,551;view of Döllinger on,391Beauville, bearer to Rome of news of the St. Bartholomew,132-3Beccaria, on importance of success as result of action,223Belgian revolution, causes united in,284Belgium, representation of, on Vatican Council,507vigorous growth of municipal liberties in,38Bellarmine, Cardinal, deceived by hierarchical fictions,420"Bellum Haereticorum pax est Ecclesiae," maxim utilised by Polish bishops,103Benedict XIV., Pope,148scholarship under,387Bennettis, De, appreciated by Döllinger,387Bentham, Jeremy, pioneer in abolition of legal abuses,3principle of greatest happiness,223Berardi, Cardinal, influence of, on Döllinger,387proposed announcement of discussion of Infallibility at Vatican Council set aside,518Bergier,573Berlin,378Bernard, Brother,564Bernays,432Besold, followers of Machiavelli denounced by,225Beust, Count, on Vatican Council,503;indifference to,509Beza, Theodore, death of Servetus approved by,185defence of Calvin,183on the Huguenot massacres, on toleration, and on the civil authority over religious crime,146on religious assassination,326Beziers, siege of,567Bianchi, recommended by Döllinger,387Bible, inspiration of,513-15as sole guide in all things, Luther's principle,154,158,159,161Bigamy of the Landgrave of Hesse, how dealt with by Luther, and why,160Bilio, Cardinal, junior president of Vatican Council,534Biner, apologist of the St. Bartholomew,148Biran, Maine de,citedon political expediency,220Bishops, the, address to Pius, in preparation for Vatican Council,494,499attitude of, towards BullMultiplices inter,520-25and the Papacy,511protesting, charge of sharing Döllinger's views, repudiated by,538deception of, at Vatican Council,518-526hostility of, harm done by,531withdrawal of, from close of Vatican Council,549Bismarck, Count, on State participation in Vatican Council,506Bizarri, policy of, on Vatican Council,534Blanc, Louis, a secret worker for overthrow of Louis Philippe,92Blasphemy, reasons for its punishment by the Reformers,169,175Blois, French court at,112;Coligny at, 1571.,115Blondel, Döllinger's gratitude to,393Blue Laws of Connecticut,55Boccaccio, Giovanni, revision of theDecamerone,215Boccapaduli, Papal secretary, speech of, on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew,136Bodin,citedonIl Principe,218Bohemia, religious future of, in relation to the case of Hus,571Bolingbroke, Lord, slight knowledge of Machiavelli's works,218Bologna, University of,556Bona, Cardinal, urged suppression ofLiber Diurnus,516Bonald, and absolute monarchy,467and Lamennais's theory,593ultramontanism of,451Bonelli, Michiel,seeAlessandria, Cardinal ofBoniface VIII., Pope, Bull of, on supreme spiritual power,324;vindications of, inspired by Döllinger,391Bonnechose, Cardinal, share of, in elections to Commission of Dogma,529,532urged French representation on Vatican Council,504Bordeaux, the Huguenot massacres of,127Boretius,citedon Frederick the Great and Machiavelli,229Borghese, Cardinal, afterwards Paul V., Pope, his knowledge of the planned character of St. Bartholomew,114Borgia, compiler of history,387family, models for Machiavelli,212Francis, S.J.,113Borromeo, Cardinal,108& notes,108-9Bossuet, advocate of passive obedience to kings,47,429,434Defensiofeared,378indignation of,148and the idea of development,591,592,593,595on love of country,20& notework of, compared to Döllinger,424Boucher,45;on Henry III. of France and reliance on maxims ofIl Principe,215Bourbon, Cardinal of, unguarded speech of, on coming Huguenot massacre,111Etienne de, inquisitor, works of,558-9House of, French and Spanish, contests of the Habsburgs with,275House of, upholders of supremacy of kingship over people,47Bourges, massacre of Huguenots commanded at, by Charles IX. La Chastre's refusal to obey,115Boys, Du, defender of the Inquisition,573Brandenburg, Albrecht, Margrave of, and the Anabaptists,157,& see156noteBrantôme on the death of Elizabeth of Valois,104Brescia, Bishop of,seeGualacity, centre of historical work,387Brewer, intercourse with Döllinger,402Brief of Pius IX. to Archbishop of Munich, and attitude ofHome and Foreign Reviewto supreme authority of the Church,482-491Brill, the, Dutch maritime victory, its importance,103British empire, why substantially one of the most perfect states,298Brittany, and the Huguenot massacres,119Brixen, Bishop of, on Papal authority,543Brosch, on Cardinal Pole andIl Principe,214Brougham, Lord, advice to students,393Bruce, house of, struggle with house of Plantagenet,35Bruno,430Bryce, James,The American Commonwealth,review,575Bucer, Martin, in favour of persecution,172-73Buch, De,430Buchanan,44,45Buckeridge, Blondel, Döllinger's Roman antidote to,387Buckle, H.T.,589,590Bugge, discoveries of,405Bull, censure of the Reformation of,416Bull of Boniface VIII., on supreme spiritual authority,324Bull of Gregory XIII. relating to the Huguenot massacres,134-45 ¬e;not admitted into official collections101BullMultiplices inter, of Vatican Council,520-22Bullarium Dominicanum, the, referred to by Lea,563Bullinger, Heinrich, death of Servetus approved by,185citedon persecution,174-76Burd, L.A., edition of Machiavelli'sIl Principe, introduction to,212-31;skill as exponent of Machiavelli's political system,212text of theDiscorsiproduced by,227Burgundy, refusal of its governors to massacre Huguenots,