118Burke, Edmund,580;Döllinger's political model,393,417French Revolution denounced by,219on the moral and political as distinct from the merely geographical,294on the partition of Poland,275on revolution,587citedon political oppression in Ireland,253,noteon the rights of mankind,56Burning of heretics, Lea's view on,568Byzantine despotism, due to combined influence of Church and State,33Bzovius, authority on the Inquisition,554Cadiz Constitution, 1812.,89;its overthrow the triumph of the restored monarchy of France,89Cæsarius of Heisterbach, authority of, distrusts by Lea,567Calhoun, J.C., indictment against democracy,93Calvin, John,176,585action of, with regard to Servetus,184;and his defence of the same,181attitude of, to the civil power,179-81hostility to, of Lutherans,145republican views of,42,43system of Church government,177-79Calvinism in Germany,345Calvinists, English, tolerated by Melanchthon,170¬eCamden, Lord,citedin disfavour of American taxation,55Campanella, ideal society of,270Campeggio, Cardinal, commentary of, on Zanchini,559Canello,citedon Machiavelli's unpopularity,226Canning, G., on the question as to who reigned, George III. or his ministers,583;his wisdom,40Capalti, Cardinal, junior President of Vatican Council,534Capecelatro,412Capilupi, Camillo, author ofLo Stratagemma di Carlo IX.,129;its bearing on the position of the Cardinal of Lorraine,130;and others, on Alessandria's information as to forthcoming massacre of Huguenots,114family, glorification by, of Charles IX. for the St. Bartholomew,128et seq.Hippolyto, Bishop of Fano, support given by, to Charles IX.,128-9Capito, Wolfgang Fabricius, reformer,172,174Capponi, friend of Döllinger,420as federalist,414Döllinger's study of,402Capuchins, General of, and the Inquisition,553Carbonari, supporters of,284;their impotence,286Carcassonne, no Huguenot massacres at,142Cardinal Wiseman,436Cardinals, approval by, of the St. Bartholomew,140opposition of, to Vatican Council,493French, and absolute monarchy,41Carena, "De Officio S.S. Inquisitionis," valuable matter in, on the Inquisition,560Carius, works of, edited by Trent Commissioners,215Carlstadt, Andreas, polygamy defended by,159Carlyle, Thomas, on truth as basis of success,223Carneades, his infusion of Greek ideas into minds of Roman statesmen,16Carouge, and the Rouen massacre of Huguenots,119Caspari, at Döllinger's house,405Castagna, Papal Nuncio,117Catechism of St. Sulpice, Lea's deductions from,571Catherine de' Medici, Queen-Mother of France, advisers urging, to destroy Coligny and his party,108-9 ¬eschallenge of, to Queen Elizabeth,122children of, trained on Machiavelli's principles,215hints of the intended massacre,110,111,113-14jealous for her merit in the St. Bartholomew,130levity of her religious feelings,122long premeditation by, of the massacre,115methods of, to balance Catholic and Huguenot power,103wrath of, at Gregory's demand for revocation of the edict of Toleration,137on the death of her daughter, Queen of Spain,104¬ecited,580-81Catholic attitude to Huguenot massacres,146-8;change in, how induced,148Church,seeChurchcountries, revolution more frequent in, than in Protestant, and why,278Emancipation Act, spiritual fruits of, gathered by Wiseman,437legitimists and democracy, link between,590literature, phases of, last hundred years as to principles in politics and science,450-51theory on the proper way to deal with heretics, discredit caused by,140-41use of subterfuge,454Catholic and Protestant intolerance, difference between,165,168-70,186-7Catholicism, in the Dark Ages,200ground lost by, since the Middle Ages,593holiness of, hated by its enemies,437identification of, with some secular cause an Ultramontane peculiarity,451liberal, supposed founder of,588spreads as an institution as well as a doctrine,246tendency of,189Catholics, English, peculiarities of their position,438;unity aimed at by them,ib.treatment of, by the Reformers,157,162,163,168,174,178-9Cavalli, Venetian ambassador, on the bad management of the St. Bartholomew,109Celts, Gallic and British, why conquered,241the materials less than the impulse of history supplied by,240Champel, half-burned book from,569Chanson de la Croisade,565Character, national, influence of, on events, limits of,557Charlemagne,409Charles Albert, King of Piedmont, revolution under,285Charles I., King of England, execution of, a triumph for Royalism,51Charles II., King of England, secret treaty between him and Louis XIV.,53Charles V., Emperor, records of reign of,409Charles IX., King of France, active conciliation by, of Protestants,105alliances made by, with Protestant rulers,105attempts of, to appease Protestant powers after the massacre,120blamed for "leniency," "cruel clemency," etc., in the massacre,126,141,143Cardinal Lorraine's eulogy of, for the massacre,112civil war resulting from persecutions during his minority,103date when Catherine suggested the massacre to him,115desirous of thwarting Spain, his measures to that end,104,105effect on his attitude to Rome of his success in crushing Huguenots,137explanations offered by, various, on the massacre,118hints dropped by, of the coming massacre,111letters of, to Rome, fate of,101letter from, to the Pope, announcing the massacre,132;reasons alleged in,133massacre of Huguenot prisoners ordered by,141methods of, in the provincial massacres,118et seq.Naudé's Apology for its basis,147negotiations of, for Anjou's marriage with Queen Elizabeth,105Nuncio on Charles IX., tenacity of his authority,137panegyric on, by Panigarola,125personal share of, in the massacre, approved by Mendoça,124praised for his conduct as to the massacre,112,125,128-9,136,140,147suppression by, of materials for history of the massacre,121¬ethreats of Pius V. to,139tracts on his danger from Coligny, and on his joy at the massacre,131on his plan for the massacre,117death of, Sorbin's account,126-7his wife and her parentage,105Charron, on subordination to universal reason,46Chastre, La, refuses to execute Charles IX.'s orders as to Huguenot massacre at Bourges,115Chateaubriand, Marquis de,464liberalism of, discussed,594maxim of, on the timidity of the better sort of men,582;endorsed by Menou,ib.transcription by, of Salviati's despatches,102Chatham, Lord, against taxation of American colonists,55Châtillon, House of, feud of, with the Guises,112Chemnitz, Lutheran divine, on Calvinists,145Cherbuliez, the elder, on the power of abstract ideas,585Cheverus,402Chinese, stationary national character of,241Christ, His divine sanction the true definition of the authority of government,29Christian states, constitution of the Church as model for,192Christianity, appeal to barbarian rulers,33considered as force, not doctrine, by Döllinger,383-7in the Dark Ages,200as history, Döllinger's view of,380how employed by Constantine,30,31influence of, on the human race,200;and on popular government,79primitive, penetration of influence over State gradual,27progress of, must be supplemented by secular power,246,247teaching of Stoics nearest approach to that of,24,25universality of, influence of nations on,317-21why Romans opposed establishment of,195,198freedom in, appeal of Christianity to rulers,33effects on, of Teutonic invasion,32influence on, of feudalism,35political influence of the Reformation on,43supplying faculty of self-government in classical era,31political advances of Middle Ages due to,39rise of Guelphs and Ghibellines as affecting,36rise and progress of absolute monarchy as affecting,41,47,48rise of religious liberty and toleration as resulting from,52,53rise and progress of political liberty due to,56,57,58sovereignty of people in Middle Ages acknowledged in consequence of,35Christina, Queen, of Sweden, on truth,316Chronicle, The, Acton's leaders in,ixChrysippus, views of,73Church, the,see alsoCatholicism,Papacy,Popes,andRomeattitude of, to isolation of nations,292attitude of, to Wycliffe, Hus, and Luther,271;difference in their attitude to her,ib.both accepting and preparing the individual to receive,450;how she performs this,ib.censure of, ineffectual against Machiavelli's political doctrines,218condemnation of Frohschammer's book, and excommunication,477and the development of Machiavelli's policy,225difficulties of, how nourished,455Döllinger's vindication of,404effect on, of growth of feudalism,245fables of, Döllinger's investigation of, inPapstfabeln des Mittelalters,418-21free action of, test of free constitution of State,246Goldwin Smith's unfair estimate of,234in Ireland, Goldwin Smith's views on,259great work (salvation of souls) and its subsidiaries,448-9hostility to, roused by conflicts with science and literature,461-91indebted to the barbarians for corporate position,244manifestation of, how seen,269minority in, in agreement with Döllinger,313not justified in resisting political law or scientific truth on grounds of peril in either to the faith,449et seq.not openly attacked, eighteenth century,273-4her peculiar mission to act as channel of grace not her sole mission,448-9political thoughts on,188;authority, supreme, the Church as,192;Catholicism in the "Dark Ages,"200;Christianity, influence of, on human race,200;divine order in the world, establishment of,189;English race, Christianity a cause of greatness of,204;liberty, influence of Christianity on,203;religion, true, definition of,197;Romans, persecution of Christians by, reasons for,196,198position of, in State, regulation difficult,252struggle of feudalism with,35tolerance of, in early days,186view of, on government,260Church discipline, Bucer's system of,172-3government, under control in the modern State,151Church of England, internal condition of,437-8establishment, English and Irish, difference between,259Church and State Teutonic, quarrel between, cause of revival of democracy,80relations of,150-52,162,163-4union of, creating Byzantine despotism,33;effect of, on paganism,33views on, of Anabaptists,171-2;Bucer,172-3;Calvin,177et seq.;Luther,154,156,157-8,159,161-4,180;Melanchthon,164et seq.;Œcolampadius,176-7;Zwingli,173-4;Reformers in general,181Cicero,409Cienfuegos, Cardinal and Jesuit, view of, on Charles IX.,148Circumspice, as motto for the Catholic Church,269Citeaux,567Citizenship in Athens,68"City of the Sun," an ideal society described by,270Civil authority over religious crime (see alsoPassive obedience), Beza's view,146liberty, point of unison of, with religious liberty,151;its two worst enemies,300War of America, consolidating effects of, on the Constitution,579society, its aim and end,298Civilisation, despotism in relation to,5,6,27liberty the product of,596mature, liberty the fruit of,1social, unconnected with political civilisation,243in Western Europe retarded by five centuries owing to Teutonic invasion and domination,32,33Civilta Cattolica, organ of Pius IX.,497Classical literature, subjects not found in,25,26Clay, H., despondency of, as to American institutions,579Clement IV., Pope, directions of, for Inquisitors,560Clement V., Pope, decree of, on privilege of Inquisitors, deductions on, of Lea,566share of, in the trial of the Templars,563citedon political honesty,214publication ofIl Principeauthorised by,214Clement VIII., Pope (Aldobrandini), testimony of, on premeditation of the St Bartholomew,114-15 ¬esClergy, immunities of,34;unpopular in Italy,363upholders of absolute monarchy,41Clifford, Lord, acquaintance of, with Döllinger,388Colbert, admirers of, in accord with Helvetius,220Coleridge, S.T., metaphysics of, Döllinger's love for,381Coligny,Admiral de,105;death of, origin and motives of, discussed,101et seq.,117-18;the story of,106,111et seq.,118;the question of its premeditation discussed,106-7et seq.alleged plot to kill Charles IX.,131,135,136murderer of,124;reward of, from Philip II.,123;and presented to the Pope,144¬e;nationality (alleged) of,124Colocza, Archbishop of, head of Council of Bishops, 1867.,499Cologne, Archbishop of, loose reading of terms of the legal reform of Index,531Cologne, Synod at, and infallibility,499Commines, Philip de, on levying of taxes,39Commonwealth, The American, by James Bryce, review,575Commonwealths, founders of,70Communism, a subversive theory, proclaimed by Babœuf,273;theory of its antiquity due to Critias,17Comte, Auguste, historic treatment of philosophy,380Concordat, Austrian, failure of,292Confederacy essential to a great democracy,277Confederate scheme of American government,577Conference of Bayonne, resolutions inimical to Huguenots taken at,108-9 ¬esConfession of Anjou, on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew,107Confession of Augsburg, apology of, on excommunication,158importance of, recognised by Luther,159Conflicts with Rome,461-91Connecticut, Blue Laws of,55Conrad, Master (of Marburg), principles inspiring,556;as confessor of St. Elizabeth,570Conscience, freedom of, a postulate of religious revolution,153in politics, expedient elasticity of,212-14Conservateur, the,594Conservatism, indirect elections not always a safeguard of,2;restriction of suffrage in relation to,96Conservatism of American revolutionists,580European,583Constance, Council of, support of, to the Inquisition,570Constantine, donation of,469;political Christianity of,30,31Constantinople, seat of Roman Empire transferred to,30Patriarchs of,seeEutychiusConstitution, American, consolidated by the Civil War,579despondency of its founders as to,579Hamilton's views on,581-3not understood by Tocqueville,576Constitution of England, Sir E. May on,62Constitutions, evolution of,58growth of, nature of,5Periclean, characteristic of,10view of Guelph writers respecting,36how ancient, differ from modern,19mixed, difficulty of establishing and impossibility of maintaining,20Contarini, Gaspar,214Contarini, Venetian ambassador, on the expected change in France (as to the Huguenots),109Conti, story of priests and the St. Bartholomew disproved,126Cooley, Judge,citedby Bryce, on American liberty and government,580Copernican system, the, derided by Luther,160Corsica,105Cortes, Donoso, classed as ultramontane,451Council of Arles and the Count of Toulouse,565Council of Constance, support of, to the Inquisition,570Council of Trent,111,138;Döllinger's investigations of,431;and tradition,513Council of Ten, Molino on,213Cournot, intellectual qualities of,589Cousin, Victor,224,588,589historic treatment of philosophy,380Cranmer,430Creuzer,405Critias,cited,70originator of notion of original communism of mankind,17Croker,seeCanningCromwell, Oliver, Constitutions of, short-lived,50study of,410Cromwell, Thomas, acquaintance of, withIl Principe,214death of, a joy of Melanchthon,217Culturgeschichteof Hellwald,573Cumberland, expositor of Grotius,46Cusa, Cardinal of, on Christian doctrine,514Daniel, historian,588Dante, Döllinger's return to study of,433key to, where found,574views of, on conscience,562and Cecco d'Ascoli, on schism,564Danton, his action in the Reign of Terror,