266Darboy, Archbishop, on Papal Infallibility,547opposition of, at Vatican Council,522Daru, revival by, of Hohenlohe's policy,511Darwin, Charles, estimate of Carlyle,223Deàk on Hungarian administration,510Decree, the first, issued to Vatican Council,531;withdrawn,535Defoe, Daniel, on want of principle among contemporary politicians,53"De Haereticis," tract on toleration,182Delbrück, criticism of Macaulay's power of historical deduction,385Delicieux, fall of, conclusions on, of Lea,563,564Democracy(see alsoWill of the People), alliance of, with despotism,238alliance of, with socialism baneful,92,93,98attitude to, of Aristotle,71,72and Catholic Legitimists, link between,590curbing of, by ancient constitutions,19definition and tendencies of,62enlightened ideas of Lilburne on,83essence of,7federalism most effective check on,98in fourteenth century,80government by, danger of,20a great, in relation to self-government,277modern mistakes in true conception of,93,94in Pennsylvania,84pervading evil of,97political writers against,93Presbyterianism and,81,82present aim,95principles of, advocated by Pericles,9progress of, in Europe,85revival of, to what due,80ancient, partial solution of, by popular government,79Athenian, tyranny manifested by,12Swiss,90Democracy in Europe, by Sir Erskine May,61Democratic method of Socrates,71principle, triumph of, in France, results of,287Denifle, Father,574Denmark, religion in, Döllinger on,340-31Derby, Lord, cited,189Descartes, advocate of passive obedience to kings,48Despotic spirit, old, its two adversaries,276Despotism after peace of Westphalia,325alliance of democracy with,238emancipation of mankind from, to what due,24,25overpowering strength of, the doom of classical civilisation,27product of civilisation,5,6see alsoAbsolutismDevelopment,see alsoProgressand its earlier supporters,592Flint on, topic discussed,591,592Diocletian's persecution of the Christians due to attempt to transform Roman government into despotism of Eastern type,30,31Dispensation, the, for the Navarre marriage long withheld,128¬e;price, assumed, for, ib.;never granted,131-2;Charles IX.'s hope regarding,133Divine rightof freeholders established by Revolution of 1688.,54of kings, principle of, led to advocacy of passive obedience,47of the people,36,see alsoWill of the Peoplewith respect to election of monarch,35Divine order in the world, establishment of,189Djakovar, Bishop of, on validity of Vatican Council's decrees,549Doctrine, danger from, motive for religious persecution in pagan and mediæval times,251Dogma, Commission on, at Vatican Council, election and proceedings of,529-31Dolcino, two versions of the story of,555,568Döllinger, Dr. J.J. Ignatius von, his attacks on Papal Infallibility,538,545;on episcopal authority, in Council,545character of,403declaration of, on papal necessity for temporal power,312-13fame of,463historical insight of, limitations of,409-10judgments of, compared to Möhler's,378;their gentleness,410influences acting upon, earlier and later studies, intercourse, literatures, etc.—evolution due to—375-6,379-82,383,386-9,392-3,399;later views of,396,425-36later life of,399and Möhler in Munich, views at variance,377-80politics and their interest for,400-403reliance of scholars on, in theological difficulties,382-3silence of followers of,313-15style of, 375-435;own estimate of,432;views on, and methods of,383,385,389-92tract attributed to, on Infallibility,512,513value as historian of the Church,408-10views of, compared to Möhler's,378-9;on temporal power,301-74visits of, to Oxford,403;to Rome,410-14Works by—Church History, interpretations of,379-435;source of,386;new edition of, refused by,392-3Heidenthum und Judenthum, publication of,405-7Hippolytus und Kallistus, publication of,404-5Kirche und Kirchen, argument of,414-18;description of,384-6;source of,386;preface to,citedon temporal authority of the Church,303-12;purpose of,371-4Papstfabeln des Mittetalters, spurious authority of the Church,418-21Philosophumena, vindication of Rome, after publication of, by,404Reformation, preparation for,392-4;publication of,394;ridiculed in Rome,411;style of,393-7cited onattitude of Pius IX. and the Council,371character of Pius IX.,365-6Council of Trent,432England's attitude to temporal power of Pope,415German loyalty to the Church,370-71Luther,397mistaken judgments of youth,429St. Dominic,428the temporal power of the Pope,414-15Dominicans, the, theology of, discountenanced,498Dominis, De,432Dorner,389Dort, Canons of,580Doyle,402Duchesne, Abbé,400,574on the idea of development, and what impeded its acceptance,592-3Dupanloup,400,425;opposition of, at Vatican Council,522,526defence of Syllabus by,424opposition of, to Papal temporal power,412Duperron, Cardinal, on Arianism, apparent, in St. Irenæus and Tertullian,592Duplessis-Mornay, forebodings of, as to Huguenot perils,107Dutch independence due to maritime successes,103Dynastic interest, dominant in old European system,273at the Congress of Vienna,283Ebrard, Döllinger's opinion of work of,420Ecclesiastical authority, functions of its office,460Echard, authority on the Inquisition,554book by, on St. Thomas, pages by another, printed in,558-9Eckstein, character of,400École des Chartes, pupils of, methods of,561École Française,574Edessa, Archbishop of, at commission of preparation for Vatican Council,500Edict of Nantes, Revocation of, an inconsistency,170not approved by Innocent XI.,147remarks on,260of Pacification,108of Toleration, deceitful, of Charles IX.,117,135Elections, indirect,97;not always a safeguard of conservatism,2Elizabeth, Queen of England, Catherine de' Medici's challenge to a massacre of Catholics,122Döllinger's lenient view of,410murder of, sanctioned by Pius V.,139not alienated by Charles IX.'s Huguenot massacres,120proposed league of, for Protestant defence, Lutheran protest,145Elizabeth of Valois, first wife of Philip II. of Spain, fate of,104¬eEllicott, Dr., Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol, on Lamennais's theory,593Emerson, R.W., on attitude of the best Americans to politics,578Encyclical, the, of 1846, Infallibility proclaimed in,496England, an exception to the common law of dynastic States till 1745.,274indignation in, at the idea of development in religion,591Inquisition never admitted into,59status of kings in, Canning on,583-4under the Stuarts, Church and liberty in,208English Catholics, peculiarities of their position,438;Wiseman's personal relations with,437,438legal system, pioneer work of Jeremy Bentham in reform of,3liberty, adversary of the despotic policy,276nation, endurance of, and supremacy of, in art of labour,60foremost in battle for liberty,59views of, on the Huguenot massacres,144race, Christianity a cause of greatness of,204writers, Döllinger's acquaintance with,388Entremont, Countess, marriage of, with Coligny, Salviati's denunciation on,110Eötvös on lay interest in religious government,510Ephialtes and democracy,68Epictetus,406Epicurus on purpose of foundation of societies,18Equality, passion for, in France,57,58subversive theory proclaimed by Rousseau,273;making French Revolution (1789) disastrous to liberty,88of fortune, and class interests,69political, observations on the right to,262Erasmus, his idea of renovating society on the principles of self-sacrifice,58Erhle, Father,552,560,574Essenes, disappearance of,66idea of renovating society on the principles of self-sacrifice,58slavery, both in principle and practice, rejected by,26Ethical offices of the Church not exclusively hers,448-9Ethnology and Geography united, in relation to security of free institutions, Mill on,286Eudæmon-Johannes, praise given by, to the St. Bartholomew,147Eugenius IV., Pope, election of,355Euphemus,cited,70Europe, attitude of, to the French massacre of Huguenots,120.124-5;progress of democracy in,85;theory of Nationality in, how awakened,275civilised, to what its preservation is due according to Lea,568Latin, frequency in, of revolution,278;its object,280-81Western, retrogression in arts and sciences due to domination of Teutons,32,33the two conquests of, and their effects on social ideas,278et seq.European liberalism and conservatism,582-3system, the old, reigning families, not nationalities, dominant in,273Eutychius, Lea's remarks on, challenged,563Excommunication, of Frohschammer,477what it involves, according to the confession of Schmalkald, etc.,158Eymeric, author of theDirectorium, President of Arragonese tribunal against heretics,558,559Fables of the Church (Papstfabeln des Mittelalters), Döllinger's investigations of,418-21Faenza, why menaced by Pius V.,137Faith not to be kept with heretics, Catholic theory on,140-41Falloux, value of, as historian,400opposition of, to Montalembert,425False principles, place of, in social life of nations,272Fantuzzi, compiler of history,387Farel, death of Servetus approved by,185Farnese, Cardinal,seePaul III., PopeFatalism, philosophy of historians,221Fauriel,565Federal government, views on, of Hamilton,581-3Federalism, most effective check on democracy,98;value of,20Federalist, The, by Alexander Hamilton, various views on,581Federal form of American constitution, said not to be understood by Tocqueville,576Fénelon, his idea of renovating societyon the principles of self-sacrifice,58on absolutism,433on domains as dowries,273on national distress,49Ferdinand I., Döllinger's lenient estimate of,410Ferdinand II., Döllinger's lenient estimate of,410Ferralz, despatches of, on attitude of Roman Court to the St. Bartholomew, unused,102quarrels of, with the Cardinal of Lorraine,129true particulars of the Navarre marriage according to,131-2on the attitude of Gregory XIII. on hearing of the St. Bartholomew,132-3noteFerrara, Alfonso, Duke of, a massacre of Huguenots advised by (1564),108¬eFerrari,590;Döllinger's tribute to,417on Machiavelli's character,226Ferrier, Du, Catherine de' Medici's words to, on the death of the Queen of Spain and the massacre of St. Bartholomew,104Ferrières,122Fessler,seeSt. Pölten, Bishop ofFeudalism, alien to the sentiment of France,279growth of,34;effect on Church,245struggles of, with the Church,34,35Feuerlein, Machiavelli's loyalty upheld by,229on political expediency,224Fichte, J.S.,citedin praise of Machiavelli's policy,228Ficker, Prof., account by, of the Inquisition,426on the real contriver of the Inquisition's rule by terror,555First Empire, the French, things most oppressed by, the causes of its downfall,281Fischer, Kuno, trace of Machiavelli in metaphysics of,228Fisher, John, Bishop of Rochester, on persecution,570Flaminian Gate, ancient custom connected with,136Flaminius, works of, edited by Trent Commissioners,215Fleury, style of, Döllinger's compared to,381Flint, Professor Robert,572;Historical Philosophy in France and French Belgium and Switzerland, review,588critical faculty strong in,591nature of his superiority as writer,588-9;some defects,589-90Florence, prepared for the St. Bartholomew,109Fontana, authority on the Inquisition,554Forbes (Bishop of Brechin), Döllinger's intimacy with,416Force replaced by opinion as Catholic tribunal,148Foreign rulers, objection to, as third cause of popular risings,284Forgery, Church authority supported by511,513Formosus,563Fors de Béarn, the,566"Fourth Estate," rise of,67Fox, Charles James,54France, absolute monarchy in,48;how built up,41the Church in, and Protestantism, Döllinger on,337democratic principle in, its triumph the cause of the energy of the national theory,287feudalism alien to,279Gallican theory in, with respect to reigning houses,35governed by Paris during Revolution of 1789.,88of history, how, and why, it fell,277inherent absence of political freedom and presence of absolutism in,237-40kingdom of, how evolved,278opposition in, to Lamennais's Ultramontanism,463-4passion in, for equality,57,158political ideas concerning, of Charles IX., and of Richelieu,116removal of Papacy to,370and representation on Vatican Council,504-5"the slave of heretics" according to Pius V.,105restored monarchy of,seeRestorationFranchi at Council of Bishops in 1867.,499Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria, in 1859.,287Franciscan masters, the, and the idea of development in religion,592Franciscans, General of, on the planned character of the St. Bartholomew,124struggle of Avignon with,552Franklin, Benjamin, irreligious tone of,584Franks, preamble of the Salic law of,200Franzelin on commission of preparation for Vatican Council,500Frederic the Great and Machiavelli's political schemes,227ignorant opposition of, to Machiavelli's works,218Frederic II., Emperor, treaty of, with the Church,555Lombard law of,152;its provisions,555,556Free institutions, a generally necessary condition for securing, Mill on,286Freedom(see alsoLiberty) accorded to English Catholics,438in antiquity—age of Pericles,9antiquity of liberty, modernity of despotism,5cause of liberty benefited more under Roman Empire than under Republic,15dangers of monarchy, of aristocracy and democracy,19,20decline of Athenian constitution,11definition of liberty,3early communism and utilitarianism,17,18emancipation by Stoics of mankind from despotic rule,24guiding principle of Roman Republic,13highest teaching of classical civilisation powerless to avert despotism,27history of institutions often deceptive and illusive,2implicit opposition of Stoics to principle of slavery,25,26influence of Christianity over the State, gradual,27infusion of Greek ideas of statesmanship among Romans,16liberty, highest political end,22,23,24limitation and excess in duties of State,4method of growth of constitution,5nature of government of Israelites,4object of constitutions,10reform in English legal system instituted by Jeremy Bentham,3representative government, emancipation of slaves, and liberty of conscience not a subject of classical literature,25,26revision of laws of Athens by Solon,6sanction of Christ the true definition of the authority of government,29teaching of Plato and Aristotle respecting politics,22teaching of Pythagoras and Heraclitus of Ephesus,21,22triumphs due to minorities,1,4value of federalism,20vice of the Classic State,16wisest minds among the ancients tainted with perverted morality,18Freedom in Christianity, history of—Christianity employed by Constantine to strengthen his empire,30,31civil, its two worst enemies,300conscience, a postulate of religious revolution,153Freeholders, "divine right of," established by Revolution of 1688,54Freeman, Döllinger on, as a historian,421on Mommsen's want of generous sentiment,222French Belgium, seeHistorical Philosophy in France and French Belgium and SwitzerlandFrench Catholics, reasons of their confusion between piety and ferocity,141clergy, and the St. Bartholomew,126-7 ¬esmonarchy, aid of the democracy in establishing and in demolishing, reasons for both,278-80people, attitude of, to and after the Huguenot massacres,143et seq.how regarded after the Revolution,277provincial massacres of Huguenots,118-19,134writers, influence of, on Döllinger,387scholarship, dependence on, of Mr. H.C. Lea,558