French Republic of 1848, of what school the triumph,590French Revolution,seeRevolution, FrenchFrohschammer,473-7conflict with Rome,462,467,469,473-483Fulcodius, Cardinal,seeClement IV.Fulda, council of bishops at,517Funds of the Church, proposed disposal of, in Italy,509Gallicanism, corruption of Christianity,463,524Lamennais's crusade against,464theory of, on reigning houses in France,35Gams, 429; defender of the Inquisition,573Ganganelli, Cardinal, influence of, on Döllinger,434Gaspary,citedon Machiavelli's loyalty,230Gass, on St. Anthony's life and origin of monasticism,420Gaul, Roman, tolerance in, of absolutism,279Gazette de Franceand universal suffrage,590Geneva, trial of Servetus at,184Genlis, Huguenot commander, defeat of, the consequences to Coligny,116,117,141Genoa, extinction of, as State,283Gentzcitedon Machiavelli's policy,229George III., King of England,583George IV., King of England,583German, or Teutonic, conquest of Europe, its consequences,277et seq.writers, as influencing Döllinger,389Germany, effect on, of the massacre of St. Bartholomew,124,143Protestantism in (1572),103theology of, unique and scientific,317,347-351,376,471-482union of,225and the Vatican Council—circular of German bishops to,517opposition in,503;and to Infallibility,500;representation of,505Gerson, 562;cited,191Gervinus, G.G.. on Machiavelli as prophet of modern politics,229Ghibellines, political theory of,37Gibbon, Edward,389Gieseler, Döllinger's dislike of,389, and estimate of,404Ginoulhiac, on Papal Infallibility,540on Strossmayer's influence,536Gioberti, followers of,314metaphysics of, Döllinger's love for,381Girondists, objects of,263Gladstone, W.E., Acton's admiration for,xxiii;and Döllinger, letter to, on the Irish question,434;estimate of historical judgment and style,416;intercourse of,400policy of, feared in Rome,507Glencoe, massacre of,218,410Gneist,377Gonzaga, Lewis,seeNeversGörres, Joseph,282,405centre of Munich group of theologians,386Göttingen,378;seminary pupils of, methods of,561Government, authority of, defined by Divine sanction of Christ,29Catholic view of,260chief duty of, to maintain political right,449American, Judge Cooley on,580Gracchus, opposition to Octavius,76Grant, General Ulysses,579Granvelle, Cardinal, Viceroy of Naples, on the massacre of St. Bartholomew,125,140;on Alva's prisoners,142Gratian,557Gratry, letters of, to the Archbishop of Mechlin, on divisions in the Church,537-8on the Inquisition,424tribute from, to Döllinger,424citedon Veuillot's school,429Greece, national beliefs yielding to doubt during age of Pericles,8,9politics of, infused into minds of Roman statesmen,16Greek Church, development of,332-3revolution, causes united in,284Greeks, democracy of,66as makers of history,240slavery discouraged by,63Gregory VII., Pope, deception of, by hierarchical fictions,420and democracy,80his disparagement of civil authorities,36Gregory IX., Pope,430appointed Guala as first Inquisitor,553Lea's view of, as intellectual originator of the Inquisition,555,557Gregory X., Pope, and the Inquisition,426Gregory XIII., Pope,430and the Massacre of St. Bartholomew—Bull of, on,101,134complicity of, discussed,128fate of his letters to France,101previous knowledge of,110,116receipt of the news by, his public and private attitude, and his reply,132-5,137urges full and complete extirpation of Huguenots,142conduct as viewed by French and by Italians,148reply,137undue hatred of, consequent on his attitude to the matter,138and the Navarre marriage, his steady opposition,105,111,113,128on destruction as result of sedition,216Gregory XVI., Pope, personal fallibility of, admitted, and denounced by Lamennais,465,466Grenoble, Bishop of, doctrine of Papal Infallibility admitted by,528excluded from Commission on Dogma,530on dogmatic decrees of the Vatican Council,533Grey, Lord,219Grotius,432;days of,225founder of study of real political science,46on the principles of law,46Guala, Bishop of Brescia, successor of Moneta and St. Dominic,553and the burning of heretics.555-6Guelphs, political theory of,36Guicciardini, Francesco, abridged by Trent Commissioners,215Guidonis, Bernardus, frequently cited by Lea,568leading authority of the fourteenth century,559Practitiaof,558protests of, on Clement V.'s decree on privilege of Inquisitors,566Guise, Duke of, initiative of, in the massacre of St. Bartholomew,112recalled to France,213slain by Henry III. of France,121Guise, House of,112,118Guizot,400on the eighteenth century,585on Hamilton's workThe Federalist,581on importance, to all denominations, of the Vatican Council,493wisdom of,401Günther,473Gurney, Archer, alarm of, at Döllinger's views,382Guyon on the murder of heretics,147Habeas CorpusAct, principle originated in Middle Ages,39Habsburg family, contests of,274Halifax Archbishop of (Conolly), on the dogmatic decree,533opposition of, at Vatican Council,522on Scriptural authority,547Halifax, George Savile, Lord,53Hallam, Henry, favourable comparison of theory ofIl Principewith other political theories,224Hamilton, Alexander, eulogised,581-3history, treatment of philosophy,380political example of,586views of, as cited by Bryce,578Harnack, estimate of Döllinger,434Harrington, political writer in advance of his time,51Hartwig,230Hase, Prof. K.,citedon political expediency, view of, on importance of Vatican Council to all denominations,493Hauréau,Histoire Littéraireby, divergence from, of Lea,558,563Havet,555Haynald, Archbishop of Colocza, at Council of Bishops, 1867,499Hefele, defender of the Inquisition,573estimate by, of Döllinger,434on Papal Infallibility,540,544on validity of dicta of Vatican Council,548Hegel, Carl, friend of Döllinger,420Hegel, G.W.F.,589,590definition by, of universal history,224as enemy of religion, Döllinger's disparaging view of,376,381master of Cousin,589posthumous work of,385view of, on Development of Liberty,596Henry III., King of France (see alsoAnjou. Duke of),44,580Döllinger's lenient estimate of,410hopes of his destroying the Huguenots root and branch,142;urged on him by Muzio,143and the murder of the Guises,121,213reliance of, onIl Principe,215Henry IV., King of France,seeNavarre, King ofHeraclitus, of Ephesus, on the supremacy of reason and divine origin of laws,21,22Herbert,citedto show Machiavelli's sacrifice to unity,229Herder, J.G.,375onIl Principe,228Heresy (see alsoIntolerance,Persecution,andToleration), books on, definition of, by the Archbishop of Cologne,531Calvin's views on punishment,181;its famous refutation,182causes of, in Frohschammer,481dependent on the State,317laws of Frederic II. on,152,555punishable by death, doctrine of the Church,216-19methods of dealing with the Reformerscitedon,154,157,163-164,166,167,175,181,183Heretics, attitude towards, of St. Dominic,554Catholic theory on the proper way to deal with,569;discredit incurred from,140-41a prominent dissentient,144divisions among,103first proscribed in Aragon,557-58murder of, Guyon on,147Hermann, reliance of Döllinger on authority of,403Hermas,406Hermes and followers denied the power ofthe Index,473Hesse, Landgrave of, bigamy of, why condoned by Luther,160¬eHindoos, stationary national character of,241Historians, qualities of, revealed by use made of their authorities,235scientific, method of, how differing from that of artist and annalist,233Historical Philosophy in France and French Belgium and Switzerland, by Robert Flint,review,588History, deductions of, Döllinger's theory,389-92;not drawn from moral standards,219-21Döllinger's work in,375-435equity of, deductions drawn from action,219God seen in,594no conscience in, Hartwig's opinion of,230teaching of, Döllinger's desertion of theology for,379-83theory of, Döllinger's view,385History, A, of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages, by Henry Charles Lea, review,551Hobbes, Thomas, advocate of passive obedience to kings,48and Machiavelli's policy,228Höfler,434Hogendorp, on the American Revolution and the decline of religion in America (circ. 1784),584Hohenlohe, Prince, defeat of his policy,511defeated by Ultramontanes,505Döllinger secretary to,385opposed to discussion of Infallibility at Vatican Council,503-4Hohenzollern, house of, contests of Silesia with,275Holland,see alsoLow CountriesandNetherlands, declares for the Prince of Orange,103republican, an exception to common law of dynastic states,274Holst on Hamilton's genius,581Verfassungsgeschichte, by,577Holy Alliance, originated by Baader,377;the devotion of, to absolutist interests,282;and to suppression of the revolution and national spirit,283Home and Foreign Review, The, action concerning, of Wiseman,439-40;deprecated,440et seq.;his complaints investigated,442-43;and replied to,443-44;how Wiseman came to misconceive the words of the Review,444et seq.;position on which the Review was founded,447,457;sphere of such a publication delimited,448-56;topics excluded from its purview,457;its aid to religion indirect but valuable,459;attitude of, on supreme authority of the Church,482-91Honorius III., Pope, characterisation by, of Gregory IX.,556the Inquisition extant under,554and the Lombard law for burning heretics,556Hooker'sEcclesiastical Polity,45Hosius, Cardinal, opposition of, to Beza, concerning the Polish Socinians,146Hötzl, Father, support of Döllinger,545House of Commons, the, and the Inquisition,570Huguenots, expulsion of from Switzerland,125massacres of, in Paris and the provinces,106,and seeMassacre of St. Bartholomewpassimposition of, in 1572, and apparent prospects,102views of, on the massacres of co-religionists,145-46Humboldt, W. von,282Hume, David,54;citedonIl Principe,218Hungary, Church constitution of 1869.,510growing autonomy of,526Huns, stationary national character of,241Hus, John, difference between his teaching and Luther's,271trial of,552,570;a test case,572;Lea's puzzling views on,573Ideals, energy evoked by, why greater than in case of rational ends,272usefulness of,272;how limited,273Ideas, abstract, more powerful than practical, views on cited,585Il Principe(Machiavelli's), dedication of,215Nourrisson's praise of,227Pole's attention called to,214publication of,214;interpretation of, by all later history,213;known to Pole and Cromwell,214various criticisms of,218Immaculate Conception, doctrine of, Archbishop of St. Louis on,545Income Tax, known in Middle Ages,39Independent congregations, advocacy of toleration by,52Index, the Church's instrument of preventing scandal by literature,469-471institution and origin of,215,495permanent exclusion ofIl Principeby,215power of, in Germany,473reform of, urged on and effected by the Vatican Council,495,525,531sanction of,544Indifference, religious, of educated Protestants,350-51Indulgencesgranted by Pius V., in connection with war against the heretics,141Infallibility, Papal—attitude to, of Lamennais,462-4,465,466Bavarian warning against adoption of, by Vatican Council,511Civiltà Cattolicaon,500-501continental discussions on,518debate on, at Vatican Council,532-549declaration of, urged on Vatican Council,499definition of, not to be made, by Vatican Council,518discussion and definition of, by Vatican Council,525-49doctrine of the Jesuits,498;establishment of, Vatican Council,499opinions in England, on discussion of, at Vatican Council,507opposition to,502-4origin of doctrine of,513-515to be presented at Vatican Council,500-501proposed by Cardoni at commission of preparation for Vatican Council,500Infidelity, growth of, due to intolerance,256Innocent III., commonly reported as founder of the Inquisition,553;intolerance of,431treatment of heretics,568Innocent IV., Pope,cited,206Innocent X., Pope, protest against Peace of Westphalia,324-25Innocent XI., Döllinger's proposed history of,433Innocent XI., Pope, and the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes,147Inquisition, the, earlier and later, distinction between aims and characteristics of,552Lea's view on,568Machiavelli denounced to,214-15never admitted into England,59origin of, controversy on,553period of its activity and decline,574problem of,570sanction of,544in Spain,152supporters of,570tribunal of, appropriation by Spanish kings leading to absolute monarchy,41at Vienna,184writers defending,573Inquisition, The, of the Middle Ages, A History of, by Henry Charles Lea, review,551Institutes, Calvin's, on Toleration,182Insurrections previous to 1789, wherein differing from the French Revolution,271Intellectual offices of the Church not exclusively hers,448-9International league of nations founded by Mazzini,286Intolerancecarried to an extreme by the Anabaptists,172Catholic and Protestant, distinguished,165,168-70,186-7cause of growth of infidelity,256inherent in the Mediæval Church, Leas view,571motive and principle of, when justifiable,251of Reformers,184as a rule of life, Lea's view on,562-3Ireland, Church in, Goldwin Smith's views on,259Celtic race in, yielding to higher political aptitude of the English,242failure of Reformation in,43history of, comparative method of, study of,234land question, the great difficulty in,236question of, Döllinger's views on,434religious disabilities in, an engine of political oppression, 253and Ultramontanism at Vatican Council,507Irish agitation, causes united in,284Israelites, democracy of the,65government of, exhibiting principle upon which freedom has been won,4,5a federation held together by faith and race,4resistance of monarchy among, by prophet Samuel,4Italian States (1862), nationality in,295Italy, Austrian rule in, error of,285effect on, of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew,124,143literature of, influence on Döllinger,386-7policy of, under Machiavelli and before, use of assassination,213politics of, influenced by Vatican Council,508-511reliance in, on Machiavelli,226Machiavelli's triumph,225,266temporal power of papacy in,355-62,367-71wisdom of Huguenot massacres confessed,125Ivan the Terrible. Czar of Muscovy, protests of, on the St. Bartholomew,144Jackson, Andrew, American President,578Jacobins, policy of, criticism of,261