417Milan, Archbishop of, on validity of Vatican Council's decrees,549Mill, John Stuart, indictment of democracy,93on results as tests of actions,223on states as coincident with nationalities,285Milton, John, his justification of execution of Charles I.,51Minerve, fate of Albigenses at,556Modena,386Mohammedans, treatment of, by Catholics,169;by Protestants,179;their tolerance,186Möhler, J.A.,593influence on Döllinger's views of fixity of national types,434publication ofSymbolik,377on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew,149suggested history of progress of doctrine of,385citedon Döllinger's rank as theologian,379citedon intercourse with Döllinger,377partiality as historian of religious wars,428rank of,430views of, compared to Döllinger's,378-9citedon Luther,378-9Möhler and Döllinger in Munich, views at variance,377-380Molina, Luis,380Molinier, Auguste, on a history of the Inquisition,551-2rejection by, of Arnaud's speech at Béziers,567Molino, Francesco da, cited on the recall of the Guises,213Mommsen, Theodor, cited on political expediency,222distinction of pupils of,419indifference of the public to,430Monarchy—adulation manifested towards, after the Middle Ages,48danger of,19,20and democracy,64limitation of powers, aim of modern constitutions,19resistance of, among Israelites, justified in later ages,4restricted suffrage not always a safeguard of,2Absolute—clergy upholders of,41development and destruction of, by the democracy in France, ¬es,279-80France chief centre of,48one of the worst enemies of civil freedom,300Monarchs, election and deposition of, divine right of people with respect to,35Guelphic and Ghibelline views respecting,36,37subjection of, to public law,35Mondoucet, French agent at Brussels, Charles IX.'s letter to, on the proposed Massacre,117Moneta, Fra, successor of St. Dominic,553Monluc, Bishop of Valenca, dying speech of, its bitterness against Huguenots,141on the effect of the Huguenot massacres on Poland,120view of, on St. Bartholomew,107Monroe, James, President, his term of office "the era of good feeling,"56Mons, fall of,103;Lewis of Nassau at,105the garrison devoted to death by Charles IX. and Philip II.,141-2Montaigne, Michel de, view held by, on Machiavelli's fame,215Montalembert, Count de, classed as Ultramontane,451influence of, on Döllinger,400intercourse unbroken,463unacknowledged agreement with Döllinger,316andKirche und Kirchen, views cited,417;estimate of that work,424in Munich,398opposition of, at Vatican Council,524-5politics of,400and the temporal power of the Papacy,412Montalto, Cardinal, alleged dissent of from congratulation on the St. Bartholomew,140Montégut, influence on Döllinger,434Montesquieu, and his development of Locke's teaching,54Montezuma, and Torquemada, resemblance between the gods of,569Montferaud, Sieur de, rumoured orders to, as to massacre of Huguenots,127noteMontfort and the Albigenses,556Montgomery and the Massacre of St. Bartholomew,107,122Montpensier, Duke of, Huguenot massacres ordered by, in Brittany,119unguarded speech by, on coming massacre,111Montpezat, Lieutenant of Guienne, and the Bordeaux massacres,127Morality, perverted ideas of, prevailing among classic sages,18public, how differing from private,40Mordenti,citedon Machiavelli, as champion of conscience,226More, Sir Thomas, author of the Utopia,270idea of renovating society on the principles of self-sacrifice,58Mores Catholici, Digby's,569Morinuscited,194basis of Kliefoth's work in,381Morley, John, on equity of history,219Mornay,seeDuplessis-MornayMorris of Exeter, and study of Petavius,380Morris, Robert, an American, the suggester of the French wars of speculation and plunder,578citedon Hamilton as a leader,582-3Morvilliers, Bishop of Orleans, attitude of, to the Massacre of St. Bartholomew,126Mozley, James, visit of Döllinger to,403Muenscher, works of, esteemed by Döllinger,381Müller,282Munich, Archbishop of(Reisach), brief from the Pope to, denouncing Frohschammer, 481-5nominated as President of Vatican Council,501;death of, before taking seat as,534Munich, conference at, Döllinger's declaration to,312-13Döllinger at,386;lectures in,375Frohschammer's work in,473Möhler with Döllinger in,377-80school of theology at,398-9,434Municipal liberties, vigorous growth in Belgium,38Münster (Westphalia), excesses of Anabaptists at,171Münzer, Thomas, intolerance of,171Muratori, Döllinger's study of,387on evangelists,419papal biographies by,559and the Massacre of St. Bartholomew,148Murder(see alsoAssassination,Heretics, andPersecution), on plea of religion, attitude to, of Rome,138,139,140,147Muretus,101;famous speech of, on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew,130Muzio, theDecameronerecommended to students by,215in favour with Pius V.,214-15letter from, to Henry III. of France, urging unsparing extirpation of Huguenots,143Machiavelli denounced by, to the Inquisition,214-15Mylius, view of, on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew,107Nantes, city, refusal of, to massacre Huguenots,119edict of, revocation of, not approved by Innocent XI.,147;inconsistency,170;remarks on,260Napoleon I., causes of his downfall,281,284new power called into existence by,281question respecting the durability of his institutions,238citedon importance of results,221citedon quality of endurance in English nation,66Napoleon III., ambition of,316and discussion of infallibility doctrine at Vatican Council,504Nassau, Lewis of, at Mons, French auxiliaries with,105National character, influence of, on events, units of,557claims, based on race only, futility of, an instance,295Nationality, essay on,270auxiliary and substance of present-day revolution,276denial of, what it implies,297evolution of, three stages in,284-5;and definition of, in its final form,285idea of, as influencing modern thought greater than that of liberty,59modern theory of, greatest advocate of rights of,297historical importance of, its two chief causes,298,299how awakened in Europe,273,275,276;its parentage,277,286,287;how first seen,278,281,286mission of, in the world,300more absurd and criminal than that of Socialism,300political character and value of, discussed,280et seq.a retrograde step in history,298rights of, and greatest adversary of,297some of its first supporters,281-2a subversive theory,273summing up of,287-8political theory of, in contradiction with the historic nation,243the true,294,295Nations, different, in one State, considerations regarding,289et seq.Naudé, basis of his apology for Charles IX.,147Navarre, Henry, King of, later Henry IV., King of France,44marriageof, with Margaret of Valois, opposed by the Popes,105,109,111,128;real facts regarding,131-3;representations on, of Charles IX. and his mother,135;dissolution of, by Paul V.,114murder of, schemed as a good deed,139and the proposed league of Protestant defence,145Navarre, Queen of (Margaret of Valois), death of, reckoned on in France,109, andseeMarriage, under Navarre, Henry, King ofNeander, rank of,421special gifts of,555unconventionally of,384Nelson,592Netherlands(see alsoHollandandLow Countries), deposition of Philip II., and establishment of republic,44republic of, inaugurated reign of law through freedom of press,50Nevers, Duke of(Lewis Gonzaga), high station of,128share of, in the Massacre of St. Bartholomew,110;his "ill-timed generosity" on this occasion,122;praises of, by Capilupi,129Newman, John Henry, Cardinal,573,592,593distinction drawn between Pope and Court,417Döllinger's early appreciation of,395;intercourse with,402Napoleon III. not condemned by,413theory of development different from Döllinger's,407-8citedon papal authority,423Nicholas I.,431Niebuhr,581;association of his conservatism with revolutionary ideas of Mazzini,59Döllinger's gratitude to,393Nimes, Bishop of, on infallibility,515;opposed to discussion of,501Nimes (city), no Huguenot massacres at,143Nippold, rank of Döllinger estimated by,386Nourrison cited on Machiavelli's sincerity,227Nugent, Count, proclamation by, on Italian independence,285Nuremberg, Anabaptists at,157Octavius, opposition of Gracchus to,76Odescalchi, character of,433Œcolampadius, Joannes, opinions of, on Church government,176-7Ollivier, opposition of, to French lay representation in Vatican Council,504Orange, Prince of (William the Silent),44alliance made with, by Charles IX.,105declaration for (1572), of province of Holland,103Huguenot expedition to aid, failure of results,116,141not alienated by Charles IX.'s Huguenot massacres,120Origines de la France Contemporaine,569Orleans, Bishop of, attitude of, to papal infallibility,228,316,515,523,524at Council of Bishops, 1867.,500patriotism of (1862),445permission refused to, for publication of reply to the Archbishop of Mechlin,537promotion of Vatican Council by,493unacknowledged agreement with Döllinger,316on validity of Vatican Council's decrees,549Orleans, city of, horrors of Huguenot massacre at,124Orleans dynasty, result of appeal from, in 1848.,590Orsi, Döllinger's tribute to,387Orsini, Cardinal, Legatine mission of, to France, his instructions,137;Charles IX.'s representations to him,138Oscott, Wiseman's work as President of,438Osiander, Andreas,citedon toleration,157Ossat, D'114¬eOverbeck, on Epistle to Diognetus,420Oxford movement, Döllinger told of, by Brewer.402Wiseman's influence on,438Paderborn, Bishop of, on infallibility of Pope,518Paine, Thomas,585;citation of, fromRights of Man, on the confusion of political forms with political liberty,238Pallavicini, Theiner on,431Panhellenism,284Panigarola, panegyric by, on Charles IX.,125Panslavism, rise of,284Papacy, the, acknowledgment of small principalities of Italy,355based on organic development,321-4and the Byzantine Empire,353extraordinary notions of Godwin Smith on the,267future of,367-70government of, reform in,363-5reform of, attempted by Pius IX., Döllinger on,365removal to France, a challenge to schism,370temporal power of,seeTemporal powerPapal Legations rescued from Austria at the Congress of Vienna,283See, confusion between direct and indirect authority of,256struggle with the Franciscans,552Papinian,citedon political progress,79Paramo,428Paris, attitude hostile to the Huguenots,116,117attitude after the murder ofColignyandMassacre of St. Bartholomewin,106,126,and see both headsFrance governed by, during revolution of 1789,88Mendoça's praise of its Catholic inhabitants,124Archbishop of, cardinals hat refused for, by Pius IX.,526career of,526character of,326French representation on Vatican Council urged by,505on Papal infallibility,532on validity of Vatican Council's decrees,549university of, and the Inquisition,570Paris, Matthew, Lea's authorities on,558Parliamentary corruption in America, past and present,578government, primitive republicanism the germ of,32Parma, centre of historical work,387(1862) nationality in,292Partition of Poland,see underPolandPascal, Blaise, advocate of passive obedience to kings,48citedon varying standards of right and wrong,220Passaglia, fame of,413on papal liberty,313reputation of,502Passive obedience to the State, doctrine upheld by theologians and philosophers,47,48taught by Luther,156,161,180;asserted by Calvin,180-81Patrie, French newspaper, criticism by, of Wiseman's address at Rome,439,443,444,445;his reply,439Paul, Father,432Paul III., Pope(Cardinal Farnese), hatred of the Medici family,214;letter from Sadolet, praising the extermination of the Vaudois,217Paul V., Pope (Borghese), aware of premeditated Huguenot massacre,114Peace of St. Germains, as affecting French Huguenots,105;alarmist views on, held by Salvati,110Peasants' war, the, in Germany, attitude of Luther towards,155,156¬e,162Pegna, Arragonese origin of,558,560character of works of,428Pellevé, Cardinal, Archbishop of Sens, on the premeditation of a massacre of Huguenots,111Peloponnesian war, influence of, on Athens,69Penn, William,410;follower of doctrine of toleration,84Pennaforte, home of St. Raymond,556Pennsylvania, democratic constitution of,84People,see alsoDemocracyandWill of the Peoplesovereignty of, idea of parent of idea of Nationality,277wishes, etc., of, as criterion of right, teaching on, of the French Revolution as to,271Percin, authority on the Inquisition,554German ignorance of,428Peresius, on Bible inspiration,514Perez, Antonio, accusation by, of Philip II. of Spain,104Pericles and democracy,9,68effort to prevent predominance of any particular interest in politics,10Perronne, on biblical critics,514on commission of preparation for Vatican Council,500hostility to Passaglia,413rank of,417Persecution, attitude to, of Marsilius,562by Catholics, principles of,168-170,186by heathen Rome, justified on political grounds,186mediæval, justification of,254method of escaping from imposition of religious disabilities,250natural stage in the progress of society,250Protestant theory of,150;the book by H.C. Lea, review, inadequate as history of,574reasons for and against, as a political principle,252some noted supporters of,570Spain and Sweden contrasted,170two propositions regarding,572-3Persian wars, influence of,67Persians, makers of history,240Petavius (s.j.) and the idea of development in religion,591,592Döllinger's early study of,379Döllinger's gratitude to,393Morris of Exeter advised to read,380Peter Martyr, death of Servetus approved by,185Petrucci, communications of, forecasting the Massacre of St. Bartholomew,109mysticism of,376Philip II., king of Spain, aid of, essential to crush French Huguenots,104the St. Bartholomew massacre urged by,116-17orders from, for slaughter of Alva's Huguenot prisoners,142revolt against, of the Netherlands,44Philo of Alexandria, Lucius's attacks on,420on customs of the Essenes,26Philosophers, doctrine of passive obedience, upheld by,48schemes of, for ideal societies, why never realised,270-71Piatti, apologist of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew,148Piedmontese government and the Papacy,368-9Pilgrim fathers, belief of, not influencing the American revolution,584-5Pistoja, on treatment of heretics in Rome under Pius V.,138Pitra, influence of, in France,404Pius IV., Pope, BullMultiplices inter, published by,520-25Pius V., Pope, blessing given by, to war against Huguenots,141denunciatory letter from, to court of France,110patron of Muzio,214-15previous information of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew supplied to,130-31strong anti-Protestant views of,138-9on the peace of St. Germains,105Pius VII., Pope, destruction of church of France by,323influence on Döllinger,402citedon Papal authority,323Pius IX., Pope, alarm of dissenting bishops allayed by,519Archbishop of Paris rebuked by,526brief of, to the Archbishop of Munich, censuring Frohschammer,481-5character of, described by Döllinger,365-6