Chapter 36

1. Opuntia.2. Cereus.3. Opuntia streptacantha.4. Cereus candicans.5. Mammillaria.6. Cereus peruvianus monstrosus.7. Echinocereus electracanthus.8. Mammillaria.9. Echinopsis formosa.10 Echinocactus Visnaga.11. Cereus peruvianus var.12. Opuntia candelabriformis.13. Cereus strictus.14. Pilocereus senilis.15. Cereus Tweedii.16. Cereus chilensis.FIG. 312. GROUPOFCACTI.

FIG. 312. GROUPOFCACTI.

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Soil, Drainage, and Potting.Good ordinary fibrous loam should form about one-half of the compost, the other half should be made up of sand, broken bricks, and lime rubbish in equal quantities; the whole to be carefully mixed together, and not used until it is moderately dry. It isabsolutely necessary to ensure perfect drainage; a good "stopper" should, therefore, be placed over the hole at the bottom of the pot, and about one-third of its depth filled with draining material. The best time for potting is during February and March. Turn out the plants, and remove nearly all the old soil from the roots, taking away any dead or decaying roots which may be observable. Place some of the roughest soil next the crocks, and gradually fill the pots with the finer material, well working the same amongst the roots; finally press the soil moderately firm. Do not water for a few days after potting, but syringe every evening, especially if the weather be fine; a little extra heat may be given after potting, to excite new, healthy growth. It will not be necessary every year to repot specimens in large vessels. A good top-dressing, with an occasional dose of weak liquid manure, is all they will require for several seasons.

Watering.This must be discriminately managed, especially during the winter; for, whatever their treatment as regards temperature during that season, they must be studiously watered, and anything like a saturated condition of the soil should be avoided. If the temperature is brisk, a little water may be given once a week, or perhaps not quite so often. If the plants are subjected to very cool treatment, water must be sparingly administered during November, December, and January; after which, they should be examined weekly, and very carefully attended to. During the summer months, when in activegrowth, they will not suffer if watered twice a week; and, on bright afternoons, light syringings may be advantageously given.

Propagation.Three methods are adopted, viz., by cuttings or offsets, grafting, and seeds; the former is the plan generally adopted. The cuttings or offsets should be removed with a sharp cut, and laid upon a sunny shelf until the wound is healed and roots are emitted, when they should be potted in sandy soil, and placed with the others. They will thrive freely if kept syringed. Grafting is resorted to with delicate kinds, which, from some reason or another, will not grow freely except upon the stock of a stronger species; and, by this means also, such delicate kinds can be kept from the damp soil, which frequently causes incipient decay. The stocks usually employed are those ofCereus tortuosus,C. peruvianus, &c., according to the species intended for working; they readily unite with each other. If the scion and stock are both slender, wedge-grafting should be adopted; if both are broad, it is best to make horizontal sections, placing them together and securing in proper position by tying with matting, but not too tightly, or the surface may be injured. Propagation by seeds is not often adopted, as it is a very slow method; they should be sown in very sandy soil, and placed in a semi-shady position until germination commences, when they may be exposed, and very carefully watered.

CACTUS DAHLIA.SeeDahlia Juarezii.

CADUCOUS.Falling off soon; deciduous.

CÆNOPTERIS.SeeAsplenium.

CÆSALPINIA.(in honour of Andreas Cæsalpinus, a celebrated Italian botanist, 1519-1603). Brasiletto. ORD.Leguminosæ. An ornamental genus of stove evergreen trees or shrubs, not much grown, on account of the space required and the time the species take to flower. Flowers yellow or red, produced in racemes, having a top-shaped calyx, divided at the end into five parts, the lowest larger than the others; petals five, unequal-stalked, upper one shortest; stamens ten. A mixture of loam and leaf mould suits them best. Cuttings are somewhat difficult to root, but sometimes will succeed if taken off from the mother plant in a growing state and planted in sand, with a hand glass placed over them, in heat.

C. alternifolia(alternate-leaved).fl.orange, clustered.l.alternate, very elegant, compound. Central America, 1868.C. brasiliensis(Brazilian). Brazil Wood.fl.orange; racemes rather panicled.l.with seven to nine pairs of pinnæ, each pinna bearing about fifteen or sixteen pairs of oval-oblong, obtuse, glabrous leaflets. Brazil, 1739. Plant unarmed.C. Sappan(Sappan).fl.yellow, panicled.l.with ten to twelve pairs of plane, each pinna bearing ten to twelve pairs of unequal-sided, obliquely oval-oblong leaflets, which are emarginate at the apex.h.40ft. Tropical Asia, 1773. This tree furnishes the Sappan-wood of commerce.C. sepiaria(hedge).fl.yellow. April.l.compound; pinnæ with about ten pairs of pinnules.h.60ft. India, 1857. SYN.Biancea scandens.

C. alternifolia(alternate-leaved).fl.orange, clustered.l.alternate, very elegant, compound. Central America, 1868.

C. brasiliensis(Brazilian). Brazil Wood.fl.orange; racemes rather panicled.l.with seven to nine pairs of pinnæ, each pinna bearing about fifteen or sixteen pairs of oval-oblong, obtuse, glabrous leaflets. Brazil, 1739. Plant unarmed.

C. Sappan(Sappan).fl.yellow, panicled.l.with ten to twelve pairs of plane, each pinna bearing ten to twelve pairs of unequal-sided, obliquely oval-oblong leaflets, which are emarginate at the apex.h.40ft. Tropical Asia, 1773. This tree furnishes the Sappan-wood of commerce.

C. sepiaria(hedge).fl.yellow. April.l.compound; pinnæ with about ten pairs of pinnules.h.60ft. India, 1857. SYN.Biancea scandens.

CÆSIOUS.Lavender-colour, bluish-grey.

CÆSPITOSE.Growing in tufts.

CAFFER BREAD.SeeEncephalartos Caffra.

CAFFER TEA.SeeHelichrysum nudifolium.

CAFTA.SeeCatha edulis.

CAHOUN NUTS.A name applied to the fruits ofAttalea Cohune, which yield a valuable oil.

CAIOPHORA.SeeBlumenbachiaandLoasa.

CAJAN.SeeCajanus.

CAJANUS(Catjangis the Amboyna name). Cajan. ORD.Leguminosæ. A genus of erect stove evergreen shrubs, clothed with velvety pubescence. Flowers yellow, distinctly peduncled, corymbose, racemose; standard sometimes beautifully veined with red. Leaves pinnately trifoliate. A light rich soil suits these plants well. Young cuttings will root in sand, with a hand glass placed over them, in heat; but plants are usually raised from seeds, obtained from the West Indian Islands and India.

C. indicus(Indian).* Pigeon Pea.fl.yellow, or purple-spotted, in axillary racemes. July.l.pinnately trifoliate; leaflets lanceolate.h.6ft. to 10ft. India. (B. M. 6440.)C. i. bicolor(two-coloured).fl.yellow. July.h.4ft. India, 1800. (B. R. 31, 31.)C. i. flavus(yellow).fl.yellow. July.h.4ft. India, 1687.

C. indicus(Indian).* Pigeon Pea.fl.yellow, or purple-spotted, in axillary racemes. July.l.pinnately trifoliate; leaflets lanceolate.h.6ft. to 10ft. India. (B. M. 6440.)

C. i. bicolor(two-coloured).fl.yellow. July.h.4ft. India, 1800. (B. R. 31, 31.)

C. i. flavus(yellow).fl.yellow. July.h.4ft. India, 1687.

CAJUPUT OILandCAJUPUT-TREE.SeeMelaleuca leucadendron minor.

CAKILE(derived from the Arabic). Sea Rocket. ORD.Cruciferæ. A pretty hardy annual, frequently found on sea-shores. It is of easy culture in most sandy soils. Propagated by seed, sown in spring.

C. maritima(sea).fl.lilac, large, densely corymbose. Summer and autumn.fr.a succulent pod, divided, when mature, by a horizontal partition into two cells, the upper containing a single erect seed, the lower a pendulous one.l.oblong, deeply lobed, fleshy. Stem much branched.h.1ft. Sea-shores of Europe and North America.

CALABASH NUTMEG.SeeMonodora Myristica.

CALABASH, SWEET.SeePassiflora maliformis.

CALABASH-TREE.SeeCrescentia Cujete.

CALABA-TREE.SeeCalophyllum Calaba.

CALADENIA(fromkalos, beautiful, andaden, a gland; in reference to the disk of the labellum being finely beset with glands). ORD.Orchideæ. A genus of pretty greenhouse terrestrial orchids from New Zealand and Australia. They should be kept in a cool frame or greenhouse, and carefully watered, when not in a growing state. A compost of peat, loam, and sand, in equal parts, suits them well. Over thirty species are enumerated, but probably none are seen out of botanic gardens.

CALADIUM(derivation of name doubtful; probably of Indian origin). ORD.Aroideæ. Stove perennials, chiefly grown for the great beauty and varied hue of their leaves. Spathe hood-like, rolled round at the base; spadix, upper portion entirely covered with stamens, but ultimately becoming bare at the extreme top, provided with blunt glands or sterile stamens in the middle, and ovaries beneath; anthers shield-shaped and one-celled; ovaries numerous, two-celled, with from two to four ascending ovules in each cell. Leaves upon long petioles, more or less sagittate, ovate, and usually very richly coloured. Fruit a one or two-celled berry, with few seeds. They are all of easy culture, and grow freely in a humid atmosphere. In March, when the tubers have been kept dry or rested for some time, they may be started into growth again, in small pots, placed in a stove or pit, where a night temperature of from 60deg. to 65deg. is maintained, and syringed daily once or twice at least. As soon as indications of activity are presented, they may be shifted into 4in., 5in., or 6in. pots, or larger ones may be used if good sized specimens are required. If the tubers should be in large pots, it is best to turn them out, dividing if necessary, and placing all the crowns in small pots, from which they can be removed when root action and growth are resumed, and they require more room. Large tubers, if sound, may be divided, and the pieces placed in pots of such sizes as it is desired to grow them in.

Soil.Turfy loam, leaf mould, turfy peat, and a little well decomposed manure, in equal parts (not broken up too fine), with a good sprinkling of sharp sand, form an excellent compost, the whole being well incorporated together. Thorough drainage must be insured, as these plants require an abundance of water. After potting, they should be placed in a stove temperature, and kept well moistened by syringing two or three times daily. If accommodated with mild bottom heat at this time, they will make muchfreer and more vigorous growth than if otherwise treated. Water sparingly at first, but as soon as the leaves expand, increase the supply; and, when the pots are well filled with roots, apply clear liquid manure at every other time of watering. As the season advances, the temperature and humidity of the house should be increased. During bright sunshine, Caladiums should be slightly shaded for a few hours in the middle of the day, with some thin material, just to break the fierceness of the sun's rays; but the more they are exposed to the light at other times during growth, the brighter, richer, and more beautiful will the foliage be. As soon as the plants have attained a good size, some of them should be placed in the coolest part of the house, and partially hardened off; they may then be taken to the conservatory, allowing them a situation free from currents of cold air, and giving water only when really necessary. They may remain here for some time, but care must be taken to return them to the stove before they suffer from cold.

Small neatly grown specimens make beautiful ornaments for table decoration, and their suitability for exhibition purposes is well known, and largely taken advantage of. Towards autumn, and as the foliage begins to fade, the supply of water should be gradually lessened, until all the leaves die down; the pots should then be placed under the stage in the stove, where they can be looked to now and then, and a little water given if required. By no means allow the tubers to get dried up, as is often done; for, if so, they will frequently rot away inside; whereas, kept in a semi-moist condition, even the most delicate can be preserved. In this state, they may remain until the following season. Caladiums will not endure a very low temperature; from 55deg. to 60deg. is as low as they can be safely kept. Very few of those known as "true species" are grown, being superseded, for general decorative purposes, by the numerous hybrids which have been raised of late, principally fromC. bicolor.

FIG. 313. CALADIUMCHANTINII.

C. argyrites(silvery).*l.small, sagittate, round colour light green; centre and margins white, with many irregular white blotches scattered over the remaining portion. Para, 1858. One of the smallest and most elegant of the genus, and much esteemed for table decoration. (I. H. 1858, 185.)C. Baraquinii(Baraquin's).l.from 20in. to 30in. long; centre deep red; margin dark green. Para, 1858. (I. H. 1850, 257.)C. bicolor(two-coloured).*fl., spadix shorter than the hooded spathe, which is contracted in the middle. June.l.peltate-cordate, sagittate, coloured in the disk.h.1ft. Brazil, 1773. (B. M. 820.)C. Cannartii(Cannart's).l.green, with pale blotches; veins deep red. Para, 1863.C. Chantinii(Chantin's).*l.chiefly brilliant crimson, irregularly blotched with white, and margined with dark green. Para, 1858. See Fig. 313.C. Devosianum(Devosie's).*l.angular, blotched white and pink. Para, 1862.C. esculentum(edible). Synonymous withColocasia esculenta.C. Hardii(Hardy's).l.red-tinged, slightly spotted with white. Para, 1862.C. Kochii(Koch's).*l.spotted with white. Para, 1862.C. Lemaireanum(Lemaire's).l.green, with whitish venation. Brazil, 1861. (I. H. 1862, 311.)C. Leopoldi(Prince Leopold's).*l.green, marbled with red, and blotched with pink. Para, 1864.C. macrophyllum(large-leaved).*l.large, palish green, blotched with greenish-white. Para, 1862.

C. Baraquinii(Baraquin's).l.from 20in. to 30in. long; centre deep red; margin dark green. Para, 1858. (I. H. 1850, 257.)

C. bicolor(two-coloured).*fl., spadix shorter than the hooded spathe, which is contracted in the middle. June.l.peltate-cordate, sagittate, coloured in the disk.h.1ft. Brazil, 1773. (B. M. 820.)

C. Cannartii(Cannart's).l.green, with pale blotches; veins deep red. Para, 1863.

C. Chantinii(Chantin's).*l.chiefly brilliant crimson, irregularly blotched with white, and margined with dark green. Para, 1858. See Fig. 313.

C. Devosianum(Devosie's).*l.angular, blotched white and pink. Para, 1862.

C. esculentum(edible). Synonymous withColocasia esculenta.

C. Hardii(Hardy's).l.red-tinged, slightly spotted with white. Para, 1862.

C. Kochii(Koch's).*l.spotted with white. Para, 1862.

C. Lemaireanum(Lemaire's).l.green, with whitish venation. Brazil, 1861. (I. H. 1862, 311.)

C. Leopoldi(Prince Leopold's).*l.green, marbled with red, and blotched with pink. Para, 1864.

C. macrophyllum(large-leaved).*l.large, palish green, blotched with greenish-white. Para, 1862.

FIG. 314. CALADIUMMACULATUM.

C. maculatum(spotted).*l.oblong, acuminate, cuspidate, cordate at base, finely spotted with clear white. Plant erect, caulescent. South America, 1820. See Fig. 314.C. marmoratum(marbled).*l.broad, peltate, upwards of 1ft. long, sagittate-ovate, acute or shortly acuminate, the two basal lobes being slightly divergent, dark bottle-green, variegated with greyish or silvery angular spots and blotches; petioles terete, greenish, mottled with purple. Guayaquil. SYN.Alocasia Roezlii. The varietycostatadiffers from the type in having the midrib (or costa) marked out by a tapering band of silver grey.C. Rougieri(Rougier's).l.green, with white spots; the centre pale green, with red veins. Para, 1864.C. rubronervium(red-nerved). A synonym ofC. rubrovenium.C. rubrovenium(red-veined).*l.greyish-green in the centre, with red veins. Para, 1862. SYN.C. rubronervium.C. sanguinolentum(blood-red blotched).*l.with a white midrib, blotched with red. Amazons, 1872.C. Schoelleri(Schoeller's). A synonym ofC. Schomburgkii.C. Schomburgkii(Schomburgk's).*l.green, with white veins. Brazil, 1861. SYNS.C. SchoelleriandAlocasia argyroneura.C. S. Schmitzii(Schmitz's).l., centre whitish, with green network; midrib and veins red. 1861. SYN.Alocasia erythræa.C. sub-rotundum(half-round).l.roundish, spotted with red and white. Brazil. 1858.C. Verschaffeltii(Verschaffelt's).*l.somewhat heart-shaped; ground colour brilliant green, entire surface irregularly spotted with bright red. Para.C. Wallisii(Wallis's).l.dark olive green, with large irregular shaped spots and blotches of the purest white, and the veins all yellowish-white. Para, 1864.

C. maculatum(spotted).*l.oblong, acuminate, cuspidate, cordate at base, finely spotted with clear white. Plant erect, caulescent. South America, 1820. See Fig. 314.

C. marmoratum(marbled).*l.broad, peltate, upwards of 1ft. long, sagittate-ovate, acute or shortly acuminate, the two basal lobes being slightly divergent, dark bottle-green, variegated with greyish or silvery angular spots and blotches; petioles terete, greenish, mottled with purple. Guayaquil. SYN.Alocasia Roezlii. The varietycostatadiffers from the type in having the midrib (or costa) marked out by a tapering band of silver grey.

C. Rougieri(Rougier's).l.green, with white spots; the centre pale green, with red veins. Para, 1864.

C. rubronervium(red-nerved). A synonym ofC. rubrovenium.

C. rubrovenium(red-veined).*l.greyish-green in the centre, with red veins. Para, 1862. SYN.C. rubronervium.

C. sanguinolentum(blood-red blotched).*l.with a white midrib, blotched with red. Amazons, 1872.

C. Schoelleri(Schoeller's). A synonym ofC. Schomburgkii.

C. Schomburgkii(Schomburgk's).*l.green, with white veins. Brazil, 1861. SYNS.C. SchoelleriandAlocasia argyroneura.

C. S. Schmitzii(Schmitz's).l., centre whitish, with green network; midrib and veins red. 1861. SYN.Alocasia erythræa.

C. sub-rotundum(half-round).l.roundish, spotted with red and white. Brazil. 1858.

C. Verschaffeltii(Verschaffelt's).*l.somewhat heart-shaped; ground colour brilliant green, entire surface irregularly spotted with bright red. Para.

C. Wallisii(Wallis's).l.dark olive green, with large irregular shaped spots and blotches of the purest white, and the veins all yellowish-white. Para, 1864.

The following descriptive list of hybrid varieties is, for the most part, a selection from Mr. Bull's catalogue, and contains all of importance:

ADOLPHEADAMS, green leaf-ground, densely speckled with white, and rose-coloured midribs; ADOLPHEAUDRIEN,* a very attractive variety, with fine large richly-coloured foliage; AGRIPPINEDIMITRY, leaves large, with white ground, narrow green margin and veins, and pink centre; ALCIBIADE,* crimson-rayed centre, surrounded with pale green, and blotched with pure white, green margin; ALFREDBLEU, leaves rich green, with pure white spots, and flesh-coloured centre; ALFREDMAME,* carmine-red, bordered with white, and profusely spotted with rose; ALPHAND, green, spotted with red, crimson centre; ALPHONSEKARR, rosy-carmine centre and red spots; ARISTIDE, light green, with crimson centre; AUGUSTELEMONIER,* fine large leaves, with soft green centre, and rosy-crimson ribs and veins; AUGUSTERIVIERE, white centre and rays upon a light green ground, with crimson spots; BARILLET,* bright rosy-crimson centre, and ribs on green ground, with broad margin of rich green; BARON DEROTHSCHILD, rich blood-red centre, and spots, on mottled green leaf-ground; BARONNEJAMESDEROTHSCHILD,* young leaves of a bright rose colour, the more matured foliage soft rose, with red veins; BARRAL, bright green, with a fine red centre, and large spots of rose; BEETHOVEN,* ground colour white, intersected and veined with green, centre rib delicate rose; BELLEYMEI,* fine white variegated leaves; BELLINI, mottled pale green ground, with rosy centre and spots; BLANQUÆRTI, dark green, with grey veins and white spots; BUREL, dark bluish-green, veined bright rose, marked with rosy-violet, and spotted orange-red; CHANTINIIFULGENS,* rich dark metallic-green, with attractive crimson centre and white spots; CHELSONI,* bright glossy green, suffused with brilliant red, and blotched with crimson; CLIO, ground colour deep rose, shaded white, green ribs and narrow green margin; DECANDOLLE,* rich green, with beautiful rose-coloured spots and creamy white centre rays; DEHUMBOLDT, a fine variety, having glossy green leaves, spotted with scarlet; DEVINCK, leaves heart-shaped, delicate pink centre ribs, interspersed with white spots; DR. BOISDUVAL, centre rayed crimson, snow-white blotches on a green ground; DR. LINDLEY,* crimson centre, the green ground marked with rose blotches; DUCDECLEVELAND, deep red centre, surrounded with pea-green, largely spotted with red; DUCDEMORNY,* deep green leaf borders, with large crimson-rayed centre; DUC DENASSAU,* brilliant red centre and ribs, white spot on emerald green leaf borders; DUCDERATIBOR, green ground, with red midribs marked with white spots; DUCHARTRE, leaf-ground white, flushed rose, green veins and red spots; EDOUARDANDRE, crimson centre, and rose blotches; EDOUARDMOREAUX, mottled green ground, with lake centre; EDOUARDRODRIGUES,* deep carmine, margined with light green, and spotted with rose; E. G. HENDERSON,* green, with transparent rose spots and mottled crimson rays and centre; ELVINA, bright green, blotched with red, grey centre and veins; EMILIEVERDIER,* leaves of a light transparent rose colour, spotted with red; ETOILED'ARGENT,* bright green, midribs and veins creamy-white, shaded with grey; EUCHARIS, rose centre, with violet reflections, margined with bright green, very fresh and bright looking; FELICIENDAVID,* centre of leaf dark carmine, surrounded with white and beautifully veined with red on a light green ground; GOLDENQUEEN, leaves large, pale golden yellow, uniform in colour; GRETRY, carmine centre, with white spots on a dark green ground; HELEVY, white midribs and marked with crimson blotches, on a green ground; HEROLD,* dark carmine veins, surrounded by light green, blotched with pure white, and margined dark green; IBISROSE,* a magnificent variety, with beautiful rich rose-coloured foliage, extremely attractive; ISADORALEROY, rich metallic green, with crimson-red centre rays; JULESDUPLESSIS, bright rose centre, shaded with rich red and bordered with green; JULESPUTZEYS, rich green, with crimson midrib and veins, centre mottled grey, and the whole surface blotched with red; LAINGII,* reddish-carmine centre, surrounded with yellowish-green, the whole of the leaf sprinkled with white; LAMARTINE, deep crimson centre, with white and red spots; LAPERLEDUBRéSIL,* exceedingly attractive, large leaves, white, delicately tinted with rose, midrib and veins dark green; LEPLAY, leaves attractively marked with white, and beautifully veined with rosy-violet; LOUISEDUPLESSIS, red rays and veins on a white ground, green margin; LUDDEMANNII,* deep crimson ribs, the leaf blotched with magenta and white, border pea green; MADAMEALFREDBLEU, deep green, with large white blotches, and broad crimson-scarlet veins; MADAMEALFREDMAME, light green, covered with large white spots, rosy-carmine centre; MADAMEDELADEVANSAYE, leaves white, shaded rose, and veined with red and green; MADAMEDOMBRAIN,* centre and ribs pale yellowish-green, shaded rose, surface covered with large white and rose spots; MADAMEFRITZKœCHLIN,* white ground, with violet-rose ribs and green veins, a beautiful dwarf-growing variety; MADAMEHEINE,* silvery white, stained and edged with pale green, distinct; MADAMEHUNNEBELLE, leaves veined with light garnet colour on a white ground, and margined with green veins; MADAMEJULESMéNOREAU, fine large leaves, with white centre tinted rose, veined rich bright rose, and margined green; MADAMELAFORGE, centre and ribs reddish-crimson, with green margin; MADAMEMARJOLINSCHEFFER,* a beautiful variety, with white foliage, charmingly veined and netted with pure rosy-lake; MADAMEWILLAUME, a charming variety, with transparent leaves, of a delicate salmon-rose colour; MARQUISDECAUX, red centre and veins, with rose blotches on margins; MARTERSTYGINUM, crimson centre and white spots; MERCADANTE, pale copper-coloured centre and veins, bordered with green; MEYERBEER,* white leaf-ground, green veins, and red midribs; MINERVE,* silvery white midrib and rays, surrounded with greyish white, green margin, with snowy white spots; MITHRIDATE, ground colour crimson-lake, with darker ribs, and dark bronze-green margin; MONSIEURA. HARDY, rich reddish-carmine veins on white ground, tinted with rose and spotted with green; MONSIEURJ. LINDEN,* a fine large whitish leaf, with metallic reflections, coral-rose veins, and reticulated green border; MRS.LAING,* white ground, deep rose centre and veins, green margin; MURILLO,* centre and veins metallic-red, with large crimson blotches, broad margin of lustrous bronzy-green; NAPOLEONIII.,* flamed crimson centre, with forked rays, and carmine spots on green ground; ONSLOW, deep rosy-crimson centre, with broad green margin, spotted with rose; PAILLET, crimson centre, broad green margin, splashed with crimson, and dotted with white; PAULVERONESSE, large leaves, with pinkish-white centre, deep scarlet ribs, and broad green margin; PHILIPPEHERBERT, deep mottled crimson rays, and clear white margin, spotted with crimson; PICTUM, green blotched, and spotted with white; PRINCEALBERT,* dark emerald green, rich crimson midrib, radiating from centre to margins, the intervening spaces spotted with white; PRINCEOFWALES,* a very handsome variety, with large golden-yellow leaves; PRINCESSALEXANDRA,* rosy-salmon leaf, green centre rib, bordered with magenta-crimson, green margin, with light pink chain; PRINCESSOFTECK,* ground colour bright orange-yellow, the veins suffused with deep red; PRINCESSROYAL, leaves of a golden ground, with crimson centre; PYRRHUS, centre and ribs deep crimson, pea-green margins; QUADRICOLOR, centre of leaf pale yellowish-green, ribs white, edged rosy-crimson, and margined green; RAMSAU, centre and ribs deep reddish-crimson, surface covered with white blotches, shaded red; RAULINII, rich red centre and veins, finely spotted with white; REGALE, silvery grey centre, rosy-red ribs, spotted with vermilion-red; REINEMARIEDEPORTUGAL,* violet-rose centre, with red veins, dark maroon zone, and green border, very handsome; REINEVICTORIA,* green veins and margins, spotted or marbled with white and rich crimson; ROSSINI, large leaf, with pale centre, pink midribs, and red blotches; ROUILLARD, glossy green margin, pale green centre, midrib and rays rich violet-plum, the whole leaf spotted crimson; SANCHONIANTHON, crimson centre, deep glossy crimson ribs, and pea-green margin; SIEBOLDII, rich green, with fiery-red crimson-rayed centre, green spaces, spotted with claret red; SOUVENIRDEMADAMEE. ANDRE,* large deep green leaves, marbled with pure white, veins fine rosy crimson; SPONTINI, pea-green, with white spots, and rosy-pink ribs and veins; THIBAUTII, fine large leaf, with rich crimson veins on a red ground; TRICOLOR, edges of leaves grey-green, intersected with dark green, centre red-lake, carmine midribs; TRIOMPHEDEL'EXPOSITION,* crimson centre, with red ribs, and green border; VERDI, crimson-lake centre with small green zone and apple-green margin; VESTA, greenish-white veins, surrounded with crimson, the whole of the leaf spotted bright rose; VICOMTESSEde la ROQUE-ORDAN, red midrib, and rays bordered with white, the margin beautiful emerald green; VILLE DEMULHOUSE, a beautiful variety, with greenish-white leaves, shaded rose, and rich green centre; VIRGINALE,* clear shining white, veined with dark bluish-green, a handsome variety.

CALAIS.SeeMicroseris.

CALAMAGROSTIS(fromcalamos, a reed, andagrostis, grass). ORD.Gramineæ. An extensive genus of grasses, for the most part hardy. Panicle more or less spreading; spikelets compressed, one-flowered; empty glumes two, sub-equal, lanceolate, pointed, keeled, awnless. They thrive in any ordinary garden soil. Seeds may be sown during autumn.

C. lanceolata(lanceolate).fl.purple, spreading in all directions; panicle erect, loose, much branched. July. Culms about 3ft. high, smooth, slender. Britain (moist woods and hedges). (Sy. En. B. 1724.)C. stricta(upright).fl.brown, spreading in all directions; panicle erect, close. June. Culm about 2ft. high, very slender, smooth. England, &c. (bogs and marshes), but very rare. (Sy. En. B. 1725.)

C. stricta(upright).fl.brown, spreading in all directions; panicle erect, close. June. Culm about 2ft. high, very slender, smooth. England, &c. (bogs and marshes), but very rare. (Sy. En. B. 1725.)

CALAMANDER WOOD.SeeDiospyros quœsita.

CALAMINT.SeeCalamintha.

CALAMINTHA(fromkalos, beautiful, andmintha, mint). Calamint. ORD.Labiatæ. A genus of hardyherbaceous plants, having the following essential characters: Calyx two-lipped; stamens diverging; upper lip of corolla nearly flat; tube straight. Rather pretty plants, with Thyme-like flowers, well suited for furnishing rock gardens. They grow in almost any garden soil. Increased by seeds, cuttings, or divisions of the roots, in spring.

C. Acinos(Acinos). Basil Thyme.fl.bluish-purple, variegated with white and dark purple, disposed in whorls, one on each flower-stalk. July and August.l.acute, serrate. Stems branched, ascending, leafy.h.6in. England. Annual. SYNS.Acinos vulgarisandThymus Acinos. (Sy. En. B. 1048.)C. alpina(alpine).fl.purplish, almost sessile, four to six in a whorl, June to September.l.petiolate, roundish or ovate, slightly serrated.h.6in. S. Europe, 1731. A freely branched, tufted plant.C. grandiflora(large-flowered).*fl.purplish, 1½in. long, in loose racemes; throat much inflated. June.l.petiolate, ovate, acute, coarsely toothed, rounded at the base, 2in. to 3in. long. Herbaceous stems branched at the base, and decumbent.h.1ft. 1596.C. patavina(Paduan).fl.pale or purplish-red, rather large. June.l.petiolate, ovate, acute, pubescent.h.6in. to 9in. S. Europe, 1776.

C. alpina(alpine).fl.purplish, almost sessile, four to six in a whorl, June to September.l.petiolate, roundish or ovate, slightly serrated.h.6in. S. Europe, 1731. A freely branched, tufted plant.

C. grandiflora(large-flowered).*fl.purplish, 1½in. long, in loose racemes; throat much inflated. June.l.petiolate, ovate, acute, coarsely toothed, rounded at the base, 2in. to 3in. long. Herbaceous stems branched at the base, and decumbent.h.1ft. 1596.

C. patavina(Paduan).fl.pale or purplish-red, rather large. June.l.petiolate, ovate, acute, pubescent.h.6in. to 9in. S. Europe, 1776.

CALAMPELIS.SeeEccremocarpus.

CALAMUS(fromkalamos, a reed; old Greek name used by Theophrastus). ORD.Palmeæ. An elegant genus of stove palms. Flowers small, usually of a rose or greenish colour, clustered upon branching spikes, each branch having a separate spathe, which is not large enough to enclose it. Fruit one-seeded, and covered with smooth, shining scales. Leaves pinnate. Stems reed-like, 1in. to 2in. in thickness. When in a young state, these palms are most effective as drawing or diningroom decorations; and, when in a more mature condition, they are excellent as stove ornaments and for exhibition purposes. They are all of slender growth, and of easy culture in a compost of equal parts loam and vegetable mould; a copious supply of water being needed to keep them in a flourishing state. Propagated by seeds.C. Rotang,C. viminalis, and several other species furnish the canes usually employed in this country for the bottoms of chairs, couches, &c.

C. accedens(yielding).l.long, arching, dark green, pinnate; pinnæ long, narrow, closely set; petioles with slender black spines. India. A rare, but elegant, slender-growing, miniature tree.C. adspersus(scattered).l.pinnate; pinnæ 6in. to 8in. long, narrow, deep green; petioles about 6in. in length, sheathing at the base, clothed with long, slender, black spines. Stem not much stouter than a large wheat straw.h.20ft. Java, 1866.C. asperrimus(very rough).*l.pinnate, 3ft. to 12ft. long; pinnæ 1ft. to 2ft. in length, 1in. in breadth, pendent, light green, upper side with two rows of hair-like spines; petioles broadly sheathing at the base, densely armed with long, stout, black spines. Java, 1877. A beautiful species, which attains a considerable size. (I. H. 275.)C. ciliaris(fringed).*l.pinnate, clothed with a quantity of soft hair-like bristles; petioles sheathing at the base. Stem erect and slender. India, 1869. From the plume-like habit of the leaves, it makes a splendid plant for table decoration, as well as being a beautiful specimen for exhibition.C. draco(dragon).l.4ft. to 6ft. in length, beautifully arched, pinnate; pinnæ 12in. to 18in. long, narrow, slightly pendent, dark green; petioles sheathing at base, armed with long, flat, black spines.h.20ft. to 30ft. India, 1819. A very handsome species, with a robust constitution.C. fissus(cleft).l.ovate in outline, pinnate, when young bright cinnamon; leaflets pendent, dark green, bearing on the upper side a few black hair-like bristles; petioles armed with dark, stout spines. Borneo. A very ornamental species.C. flagellum(whip-like).l.6ft. to 8ft. in length when fully grown, pinnate; pinnæ pendent, about 1ft. in length and 1in. in breadth, dark green, furnished on the upper side with two rows of long, white, hair-like spines; petioles sheathing, copiously armed with stout white spines, much swollen at the base, and tipped with black. Stem slender.C. Hystrix(bristly).l.pinnate; petioles spiny. A compact-growing and very graceful species.C. Jenkinsianus(Jenkins's).l.pinnate, gracefully arched, 2ft. to 6ft. long; pinnæ 6in. to 12in. long, 1in. broad, rich dark green; petioles slightly sheathing at the base, armed with long flat spines. Sikkim.C. leptospadix(slender-spadix).*l.pinnate; pinnules about ⅓in. wide, and from 6in. to 12in. long, subulately acuminate; upper surface with three bristle-bearing ribs; a few smaller bristles are disposed along the midrib underneath; margins finely and regularly toothed with small ascending bristles; petiole channelled, tomentose towards the base, bearing three or four solitary needle-like spines, about 1in. long. India. A rare species, and described as one of the most graceful.C. Lewisianus(Lewis's).*l.ultimately spreading, 2ft. to 6ft. long, pinnate: pinnæ equidistant, ½in. broad, and front 13in. to 15in. long: veins on the upper surface bristled, under surface smooth; margins rough, with appressed bristles; petioles white, with a broad, sheathing, blackish-brown base, densely armed with long, flat, black spines. India. A fine, but somewhat rare, species.C. Rotang(Rotang).l.pinnate, from 3ft. to 4ft. in length. very gracefully arched; pinnæ 6in. to 12in. long, less than 1in. broad; upper side dark green, with two rows of hair-like spines; petioles and stems armed sparingly with stout, slightly reversed spines. Stems slender. India. When young, especially, this plant is very handsome.C. Royleanus(Royle's).*l.pinnate, arching; pinnæ very numerous, narrow, pendent, deep green; petioles with few spines, dark green. North-west Himalayas.C. spectabilis(showy).*l.pinnate, with a few pairs of smooth linear-lanceolate, three-ribbed leaflets, measuring 6in. to 8in. long; petioles green, furnished with numerous short conical white spines, tipped with brown. Malacca. A slender-growing species.C. verticillaris(whorled).l.pinnate, with a very ornamental plume-like appearance; pinnæ long, broad, drooping; petioles with the spines arranged verticillately. Malacca. This beautiful species is extremely rare.C. viminalis(twiggy).*l.1ft. to 2ft. long, pinnate; pinnæ about 6in. long, narrow, light green; petioles sheathing, densely armed with long flat white spines. When only 3ft. or 4ft. in height, its spiny whip-like spikes of flowers are often produced. Stem slender.h. 50ft. Java, 1847.The following are other, but less-known, species:australis,elegans,micranthus,niger,oblongus, andtenuis.

C. accedens(yielding).l.long, arching, dark green, pinnate; pinnæ long, narrow, closely set; petioles with slender black spines. India. A rare, but elegant, slender-growing, miniature tree.

C. adspersus(scattered).l.pinnate; pinnæ 6in. to 8in. long, narrow, deep green; petioles about 6in. in length, sheathing at the base, clothed with long, slender, black spines. Stem not much stouter than a large wheat straw.h.20ft. Java, 1866.

C. asperrimus(very rough).*l.pinnate, 3ft. to 12ft. long; pinnæ 1ft. to 2ft. in length, 1in. in breadth, pendent, light green, upper side with two rows of hair-like spines; petioles broadly sheathing at the base, densely armed with long, stout, black spines. Java, 1877. A beautiful species, which attains a considerable size. (I. H. 275.)

C. ciliaris(fringed).*l.pinnate, clothed with a quantity of soft hair-like bristles; petioles sheathing at the base. Stem erect and slender. India, 1869. From the plume-like habit of the leaves, it makes a splendid plant for table decoration, as well as being a beautiful specimen for exhibition.

C. draco(dragon).l.4ft. to 6ft. in length, beautifully arched, pinnate; pinnæ 12in. to 18in. long, narrow, slightly pendent, dark green; petioles sheathing at base, armed with long, flat, black spines.h.20ft. to 30ft. India, 1819. A very handsome species, with a robust constitution.

C. fissus(cleft).l.ovate in outline, pinnate, when young bright cinnamon; leaflets pendent, dark green, bearing on the upper side a few black hair-like bristles; petioles armed with dark, stout spines. Borneo. A very ornamental species.

C. flagellum(whip-like).l.6ft. to 8ft. in length when fully grown, pinnate; pinnæ pendent, about 1ft. in length and 1in. in breadth, dark green, furnished on the upper side with two rows of long, white, hair-like spines; petioles sheathing, copiously armed with stout white spines, much swollen at the base, and tipped with black. Stem slender.

C. Hystrix(bristly).l.pinnate; petioles spiny. A compact-growing and very graceful species.

C. Jenkinsianus(Jenkins's).l.pinnate, gracefully arched, 2ft. to 6ft. long; pinnæ 6in. to 12in. long, 1in. broad, rich dark green; petioles slightly sheathing at the base, armed with long flat spines. Sikkim.

C. leptospadix(slender-spadix).*l.pinnate; pinnules about ⅓in. wide, and from 6in. to 12in. long, subulately acuminate; upper surface with three bristle-bearing ribs; a few smaller bristles are disposed along the midrib underneath; margins finely and regularly toothed with small ascending bristles; petiole channelled, tomentose towards the base, bearing three or four solitary needle-like spines, about 1in. long. India. A rare species, and described as one of the most graceful.

C. Lewisianus(Lewis's).*l.ultimately spreading, 2ft. to 6ft. long, pinnate: pinnæ equidistant, ½in. broad, and front 13in. to 15in. long: veins on the upper surface bristled, under surface smooth; margins rough, with appressed bristles; petioles white, with a broad, sheathing, blackish-brown base, densely armed with long, flat, black spines. India. A fine, but somewhat rare, species.

C. Rotang(Rotang).l.pinnate, from 3ft. to 4ft. in length. very gracefully arched; pinnæ 6in. to 12in. long, less than 1in. broad; upper side dark green, with two rows of hair-like spines; petioles and stems armed sparingly with stout, slightly reversed spines. Stems slender. India. When young, especially, this plant is very handsome.

C. Royleanus(Royle's).*l.pinnate, arching; pinnæ very numerous, narrow, pendent, deep green; petioles with few spines, dark green. North-west Himalayas.

C. spectabilis(showy).*l.pinnate, with a few pairs of smooth linear-lanceolate, three-ribbed leaflets, measuring 6in. to 8in. long; petioles green, furnished with numerous short conical white spines, tipped with brown. Malacca. A slender-growing species.

C. verticillaris(whorled).l.pinnate, with a very ornamental plume-like appearance; pinnæ long, broad, drooping; petioles with the spines arranged verticillately. Malacca. This beautiful species is extremely rare.

C. viminalis(twiggy).*l.1ft. to 2ft. long, pinnate; pinnæ about 6in. long, narrow, light green; petioles sheathing, densely armed with long flat white spines. When only 3ft. or 4ft. in height, its spiny whip-like spikes of flowers are often produced. Stem slender.h. 50ft. Java, 1847.

The following are other, but less-known, species:australis,elegans,micranthus,niger,oblongus, andtenuis.

CALAMUS AROMATICUS.An old name ofAcorus Calamus(whichsee).

CALAMUS ODORATUS.An old name ofAndropogon Schœnanthus(whichsee).

FIG. 315. CALANDRINIAMENZIESII, showing Flower and Habit.

CALANDRINIA(in honour of L. Calandrini, an Italian botanist, who lived in the beginning of the eighteenth century). ORD.Portulaceæ. A rather large genus of fleshy, glabrous, annual or perennial, herbaceous plants, some fourteen or fifteen species growing in Australia, the rest occurring in the New World. Flowers usually rose or purple, solitary, or in terminal umbels or racemes. Leaves quite entire, radical or alternate. Only four or five species are cultivated in this country; these are treated as half-hardy annuals—with the exception ofC. umbellata, which is best treated as a biennial—and as such they are extensively grown in small gardens, with most satisfactory results. They should be sown in the spots where they are intended to flower, as transplantation, unless performed with more than ordinary care, will considerably check their growth or result in loss. Their flowers only expand during bright sunshine, and, consequently, they are less grown than they otherwise would be. The plants thrive ina light sandy soil.C. umbellatamay be sown in a pan, placed in a cold frame, in May or June; and when the plants are large enough to handle, they should be potted off, or placed out in colonies where they are to bloom.

C. discolor(two-coloured).fl.bright rose, with a yellow tuft of stamens in the centre, 1½in. across; raceme long. July, August.l.fleshy, obovate, attenuated at the base, pale green above, purple beneath.h.1ft. to 1½ft. Chili, 1834. (B. M. 3357.)C. grandiflora(large.flowered).*fl.rosy, about 2in. across; calyx spotted; raceme simple, loose. Summer.l.fleshy, rhomboid, acute, petiolate. Stem suffruticose.h.1ft. Chili, 1826. (B. R. 1194.)C. Menziesii(Menzies').*FL. deep purple-crimson, from ½in. to 1in. across, terminal and axillary, solitary. June to September.l.elongated, spathulate, much attenuated at the base. Stems much branched, prostrate. California, 1831. SYN.C. speciosa. See Fig. 315. (B. R. 1598.)C. nitida(shining).fl.rose-coloured, about 2in. across; raceme leafy, many-flowered. Summer.l.oblong-spathulate, sub-acute, glabrous, attenuated at the base, 1in. to 2in. in length.h.6in. Chili, 1837. A very pretty hardy annual, forming a tuft from 4in. to 6in. across.C. speciosa(showy). A synonym ofC. Menziesii.

C. grandiflora(large.flowered).*fl.rosy, about 2in. across; calyx spotted; raceme simple, loose. Summer.l.fleshy, rhomboid, acute, petiolate. Stem suffruticose.h.1ft. Chili, 1826. (B. R. 1194.)

C. Menziesii(Menzies').*FL. deep purple-crimson, from ½in. to 1in. across, terminal and axillary, solitary. June to September.l.elongated, spathulate, much attenuated at the base. Stems much branched, prostrate. California, 1831. SYN.C. speciosa. See Fig. 315. (B. R. 1598.)

C. nitida(shining).fl.rose-coloured, about 2in. across; raceme leafy, many-flowered. Summer.l.oblong-spathulate, sub-acute, glabrous, attenuated at the base, 1in. to 2in. in length.h.6in. Chili, 1837. A very pretty hardy annual, forming a tuft from 4in. to 6in. across.

C. speciosa(showy). A synonym ofC. Menziesii.

FIG. 316. CALANDRINIAUMBELLATA, showing Flower and Habit.

C. umbellata(umbellate).*fl.of a dazzling magenta-crimson, about as large as a sixpence; corymb cymose, terminal, many-flowered. Summer.l.radical, linear, acute, pilose.h.6in. Peru, 1826. A very charming half-hardy biennial. See Fig. 316. (P. M. B. 12, 271.)

Other species occasionally met with are:compressa,micrantha, andprocumbens; they are, however, inferior to those described above.

CALANTHE(fromkalos, beautiful, andanthos, a flower). ORD.Orchideæ. SEC.Vandæ. A very handsome genus of stove terrestrial orchids. They may be characterised as robust-growing plants, producing large, broad, many-ribbed, or plaited leaves, which are, with one or two exceptions, evergreen, and long spikes, bearing many flowers, distinguished by their calcarate lip, which is attached to the column, and by the eight thick, waxy pollen masses adhering to a separate gland. Calanthes should be special favourites with amateurs, as, in the first place, they produce an abundance of showy flowers, which last a long time in perfection; and, secondly, because they are so easily managed. In potting these plants, it will be necessary to depart from the usual style of potting orchids, and, instead of elevating them above the rim of the pot upon a cone of peat and sphagnum, they must be kept below the rim, as in potting ordinary plants. In place of the usual soil and moss, these plants should have a mixture of loam, leaf mould, and peat, broken up rough, to which may be added some silver sand and dried cow manure. During the growing season, they require abundant supply of water, and in winter even this element must be administered freely to the evergreen kinds; whilst the deciduous ones, on the contrary, enjoy a thorough rest after blooming. Good drainage is essential to all. Little more need be said upon the cultivation of Calanthes during the summer months. When growing, they enjoy strong heat and plenty of moisture; but, when growth is complete, a cooler situation is most beneficial. They are subject to the attacks of various insects, which must be continually searched for, and, when found, destroyed; for, if neglected in this particular, the bold and handsome leaves will be much disfigured, and rendered far from ornamental. Propagated by suckers and divisions. About forty species are known, of which the following are a selection:

C. curculigoides(Curculigo-like).fl.beautiful orange-yellow, disposed in an erect spike. Summer and autumn.l.large, evergreen, plaited.h.2ft. Malacca, 1844. (B. R. 33, 8.)C. Dominyi(Dominy's).*fl., sepals and petals lilac; lip deep purple. This fine hybrid is a cross betweenC. MasucaandC. veratrifolia. (B. M. 5042.)C. furcata(forked).fl.creamy white, very freely produced; spikes erect, 3ft. long. June to August. Luzon Isles, 1836. An excellent exhibition plant.C. Masuca(Masuca).*fl., sepals and petals deep violet colour, with an intense violet-purple lip; numerously produced on spikes 2ft. long. June to August. India, 1838. (B. M. 4541). The varietygrandifloradiffers from the type in its greater size both of spike and individual flower; the gigantic spikes are from 3ft. to 4ft. high, and continue blooming for three months.C. Petri(Peter Veitch's).*fl.whitish-yellow. Said to be very likeC. veratrifolia, but bearing leaves a little narrower, and a system of five curious sulcate yellowish calli on the base of the lip, without the single lamella and teeth which are proper to that species. Polynesia, 1880.C. pleiochroma(many-coloured).fl.whitish, purplish, ochre, orange. Japan, 1871.C. Regnieri(Regnier's).fl., sepals and petals white; lip rosy-pink; middle lobe short, wedge-shaped, and emarginate. Pseudo-bulbs jointed, Cochin China.faustais a fine variety, with the base of the tip and column a warm crimson.C. Sieboldii(Siebold's).*fl.yellow, large; spikes erect.l.broad, dark green, plaited.h.1ft. Japan, 1837. An elegant evergreen dwarf-growing species. (R. H. 1855, 20.)C. Textori(Textor's).fl.cream-white, washed with violet on the petals and column, as well as on the base of lip, where the calli are brick-red, changing later on to ochre-colour, excepting the white-lilac base of sepals and petals and the column; lip very narrow. Japan, 1877.

C. curculigoides(Curculigo-like).fl.beautiful orange-yellow, disposed in an erect spike. Summer and autumn.l.large, evergreen, plaited.h.2ft. Malacca, 1844. (B. R. 33, 8.)

C. Dominyi(Dominy's).*fl., sepals and petals lilac; lip deep purple. This fine hybrid is a cross betweenC. MasucaandC. veratrifolia. (B. M. 5042.)

C. furcata(forked).fl.creamy white, very freely produced; spikes erect, 3ft. long. June to August. Luzon Isles, 1836. An excellent exhibition plant.

C. Masuca(Masuca).*fl., sepals and petals deep violet colour, with an intense violet-purple lip; numerously produced on spikes 2ft. long. June to August. India, 1838. (B. M. 4541). The varietygrandifloradiffers from the type in its greater size both of spike and individual flower; the gigantic spikes are from 3ft. to 4ft. high, and continue blooming for three months.

C. Petri(Peter Veitch's).*fl.whitish-yellow. Said to be very likeC. veratrifolia, but bearing leaves a little narrower, and a system of five curious sulcate yellowish calli on the base of the lip, without the single lamella and teeth which are proper to that species. Polynesia, 1880.

C. pleiochroma(many-coloured).fl.whitish, purplish, ochre, orange. Japan, 1871.

C. Regnieri(Regnier's).fl., sepals and petals white; lip rosy-pink; middle lobe short, wedge-shaped, and emarginate. Pseudo-bulbs jointed, Cochin China.faustais a fine variety, with the base of the tip and column a warm crimson.

C. Sieboldii(Siebold's).*fl.yellow, large; spikes erect.l.broad, dark green, plaited.h.1ft. Japan, 1837. An elegant evergreen dwarf-growing species. (R. H. 1855, 20.)

C. Textori(Textor's).fl.cream-white, washed with violet on the petals and column, as well as on the base of lip, where the calli are brick-red, changing later on to ochre-colour, excepting the white-lilac base of sepals and petals and the column; lip very narrow. Japan, 1877.

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