Chapter 16

Whar bin thiglewmenthat schuld thiglewe,With harp and fithel, and tabour bete.Disp. betw. the bodi & saul, ap. Leyd. Compl. of Scotl.Glotuns,n. pl.Fr. gluttons, wicked men, 2104.Va,Glutun, envers tei nostre lei se defent.K. Horn, 1633, MS. Douce.Cf. K. Horn, 1124, ap. Rits., Yw. and Gaw. 3247; R. Cœur de L. 5953, and Chauc.Gnede,adj.S. niggardly, frugal, 97. Nearly equivalent tochinche, l. 1763. Printedguedein Sir Tr. p. 169. [Cf.Gnedein Halliwell, and A.S.gneadlícnes, frugality.]God,n.S. gain, wealth, goods, 797, 2034;pl.gode, 1221. R. Gl., R. Br., Chauc.God, Gode,adj.S. good, excellent, 7, &c.Goddot, Goddoth,interj.god wot! 606, 642, 796, 909, 1656, 2543; cf. 2527. It is formed probably in the same manner asGoddil, for God’s will, in Yorksh. and Lanc. V. Craven dialect, and View of Lanc. dialect, 1770, 8vo. The word before us appears to have been limited to Lincolnshire or Lancashire, and does not appear in the Glossaries. Other instances are in theCursor Mundi, MS. Cott. Vesp. F. iii. fol. 87b, and in MS. Cott. Galba E. ix. fol. 61. It also occurs in a translation of a French Fabliau, written in the reign of Edw. I.Goddot!so I wille,And loke that thou hire tille,And strek out hire thes.La fablel & la cointise de dame Siriz, MS. Digb. 86.Grundtvig told me (adds Sir F. Madden) that it is “undoubtedly the same interjection spelledIoduthin the old Danish rime-chronicle.”Gome,n.S. man, 7.Gon,v.S. to go, walk, 113, 1045.Goth,imp.go ye, 1780.Gon,part. pa.gone, 2692.Gonge, Gongen.SeeGange.Gore, 2497.SeeGrim.Gos,n.S. goose, 1240.Gees,pl.702.Gouen.SeeYeue.Goulen,pr. t. pl. 2 p.S. howl, cry, 454.Gouleden,pa. t. pl.howled, cried, 164.Anyollenmote thu so heye,That ut berste bo thin ey.Hule and Nihtingale, l. 970.Used also by Wickliffe. In Scotland and the North it is still preserved, but in the SouthYellis used as an equivalent.SeeJam. and Gl. Lynds.Gram,n.S. grief, 2469.Graten,v.S. [grǽtan] to weep, cry, cry out, 329.Grede, 96.Grete,pres. pl.454, 2703.Gret,pa. t.cried out, wept, 615, 1129, 2159.Gredde, 2417.Greten,pa. t. pl.wept, 164, 415, 2796.Grotinde,part. pr.weeping, 1390.Graten,part. pa.wept, 241.Igroten, 285.SeeJam. and Gl. Lynds.Graue,v.S. to bury, 613.Grauen,part. pa.buried, 2528. Web., Sir Guy, Ii. iv., Chauc.Greme,v.S. to irritate, grieve, 442. In R. Br.Gramis used as a verb, in the same sense.Grene,n.desire, lust, 996. It is simply the Mœso-Goth.gairuni, lust; Icel.girni, desire. V. Jam. in v. Grene. Halliwell suggestssport,play, to which it isopposed.Gres,n.S. grass, 2698.Gret,adj.S. great, heavy, loud, 807, 1860.Greth, 1025;pl.grete, 1437, 1862.Grettere,comp.greater, 1893.Grete.SeeGraten.Greþede, 2003. Explained asgreeted,accosted, by Sir F. Madden; but the use of þ (not th) renders this doubtful. May it not signifytreated,handled(lit.arrayed), from thevb.greyþe?Grethet.SeeGreyþe.Greting,n.S. weeping, 166.Grette,pa. t.S. accosted, greeted, 452, 1811, 2625.Gret,part. pa.accosted, greeted, 2290.Greu,pa. t.S. grew, prospered, 2333;pl.grewe, 2975.Greue,v.S. to grieve, 2953.Greyþe,v.S. [gerǽdian] to prepare, 1762.Greyþede,pa. t.prepared, 706.Greyþed,part. pa.prepared, made ready, 714.Grethet, 2615. Laȝam. l. 4414. Sir Tr. p. 33. Sc.Graith. V. Jam. and Gl. Lynds.Greyue,n.S. [geréfa] greave, magistrate, 1771.Greyues,g. c.greave’s, 1749.Greyues,pl.266. V. Spelm. in v.Grafio, and Hickes, Diss. Epist. p. 21, n. p. 151.Grim,adj.S. cruel, savage, fierce, 155, 680, 2398, 2655, 2761. R. Br., Rits. M. R.SeeBeowulf, l. 204.Grim,n.[smut, dirt, 2497. The explanation is that Godard, on being flayed, did not bear his sentence as one of rank and blood would have done, but began to roar out as if he were meredirtormud, i.e. one of the dregs of the common herd. This curious expression is ascertained to have the meaning hereassigned to it by observing (1) thatgrimandgoremust be substantives, and (2) that they must be of like signification; but chiefly by comparing the line with others similar to it. Now the context, in the couplet following, repeats that “men might hear him roar, thatfoul vilewretch, a mile off;” and in l. 682, Godard calls Grim “a foul dirt, a thrall, and a churl.” The author clearly usesdirtandchurlas synonyms. The wordgrimis the Danishgrim, soot, lampblack, smut, dirt, answering to the Englishgrime; seegrimein Atkinson’s Glossary of the Cleveland dialect.Goreis the A.S.gór, wet mud, or clotted blood, in the latter of which senses it is still used. See “Gore. Limus” in Prompt. Parv., and Way’s note.]Grip,n.griffin, 572. Web.Graip, Sc., V. Jam. The pluralgripesis in Laȝam. l. 28062, and K. Alisaund. 4880. Swed.grip.Grip,n.S. [græp] ditch, trench, 2102.Gripes,pl.1924. V. Jam. in v.Grape; and Skinner, v.Groop. Cf. Swed.grop.Gripen,pr. t. pl.S. gripe, grasp, 1790.Gripeth,imp.gripe ye, 1882.Grop,pa. t.grasped, 1776, 1871, 1890, &c.Grith,n.S. peace, 61, 511.Grith-sergeans, 267, legal officers to preserve the peace. These must not be confounded with theJustitiarii Pacisestablished in the beginning of Edw. III. reign, and calledGardiani Pacis. V. Spelm. in v. Cf. Icel.grið.Grom,n.male child, youth, 790; young man, 2472. Belgicgromhas the same sense ofboy. Cf. Icel.gromr, homuncio. So inSir Degore, A. iv.He lyft up the shete anoneAnd loked upon the lytlegrome.It generally elsewhere signifieslad,page.Gronge,n.Fr. grange, 764. [Halliwell says that, inLincolnshire, a lone farm-house is still called agrange. In old English it is sometimes speltgraunge, which comes near the form here used. Cf. Fr.grange; Ital.grangia(Florio), a country-farm.]Grop.SeeGripen.Grotes,n. pl.S. [grót] small pieces, grit, dust, 472, 1414.Grotinde.SeeGraten.Grund,adj. used as adv.1027.SeeGrundlike.Grunde,n.S.dat. c.ground, 1979, 2675.Grunden,part. pa.S. ground, 2503. Yw. and Gaw. 676.Grounden, Chauc.Grundlike,adv.heartily, 651, 2659; deeply, 2013, 2268, 2307, where it is equivalent toDeplike, q.v. The word is undoubtedly Saxon, but in the Lexicons we only findGrundlinga, funditus, from Ælf. Gl. It is used by Laȝamon, l. 9783.Cnihtes heom geredenGrundlichefeire.Gyue.SeeGiue.HHal, all, 2370.[Hal, more probably, is shortened fromhalf, liketwelfromtwelue.]Halde,v.S. to hold, take part, 2308.Holden, to keep or observe, 29, 1171.Haldes,pr. t. 3 p.holds, 1382.Hel,pa. t.held, 109.Helden,pa. t. pl.held, 1201.Halden,part. pa.held, holden, 2806.Hals,n.S. neck, 521, 670, 2510. Sir Tr. p. 109.Halue,n.S. side, part;bi bothe halue, 2682.SeeBi-halue.Haluendel,n.S. the half part, 460. R. Gl. p. 5; R. Br.; K. Alisaund. 7116; Emare, 444; Chron. of Engl. 515; R. Hood, i. 68.Handlen,v.S. to handle, 347.Handel, 586.Hangen,v.S. to hang, 335, 695.Hengen, 43, &c.Honge, 2807.Henged,part. pa.hung, 1922, 2480. Cf.For-henge.HarumforHarm, 1983, 2408.Hasard,n.Fr. game at dice, 2326.SeeNote on l. 2320.Hatede,pa. t.S. hated, 1188.Hauen,v.S. to have, 78, &c.Hawe, 1188.Haue, 1298.Haues,Hauest,pr. t. 2 p.hast, 688, 848.Haues,Haueth,pr. t. 3 p.haveth, hath, has, 1266, 1285, 1952, 1980, &c.Hauet, hath, 564.Hauen,pr. t. pl.have, 1227.Hauenet, have it, 2005.Hauede,pa. t.had, 649, 775, &c.Hauedet, 714, had it.Haueden,pa. t. pl.had, 238, &c.Aueden, 163.Haue,Hauede,Haueden,subj.would have, 1428, 1643, 1687, 2020, 2675.HauiforHaue I, 2002.He,pron.S. Is often understood, as in ll. 869, 1428, 1777, and hence might perhaps have been designedly omitted in ll. 135, 860, 1089, 2311, though the metre seems to requirehein 135 and 1089.He,pl.they, 54, &c.Heie,n.SeeEie.Heie,adj.S. tall, 987.Hey, 1071, 1083; high, 1289.Heye se, 719.Heye curt, 1685.Heye and lowe, 2431, 2471, &c.Hel, Helden.SeeHalde.Helde, Heldeste.SeeEld.Helen,v.S. [hǽlan] to heal, 1836.Hele, 2058.Holed,part. pa.healed, 2039.Helm,n.S. helmet, 379, 624, 1653, &c.Helmes,pl.2612.Helpen,v.S. to help, 1712.Helpes,imp. pl.help ye, 2595.Holpen,part. pa.helped, 901.Hem,pron.S. them, 367, &c.Hend.SeeHond.HendeforEnde, 247.Hende,n.S. a duck, 1241. A.S.ened; Lat.anas(anat-is); Du.eend; Icel.önd. “Ende mete, for dookelyngys,Lenticula;” and again, “Ende, dooke byrde,Anas.” Prompt. Parv.Hende,adj.courteous, gentle, 1104, 1421, 1704, 2793, 2877, 2914; skilful, 2628. It certainly is the same word withhendi,hendy.SeeTyrwh. on C. T. 3199; Gl. R. Glouc.; Amis and Amil. 1393; Ly Beaus Desc. 333; Morte Arthur, ap. Ellis, M. R. V.I.p. 359, &c.; Dan. and Sw.händig, dexterous.Hende,adv.S. near, handy, 359, 2275. Web.Hendeleik,n.courtesy, 2793. Cf.Allit. Poems, ed. Morris, B. 860.Henged, Hengen.SeeHangen.Henne,adv.S. hence, 843, 1780, 1799. In the same manner is formedWhenne, K. Horn, 169, which Ritson thought a mistake forwhence.Henne,n, S. hen, 1240.Hennes,pl.702.Her.SeeEr.Her,adv.S. here, 689, 1058, &c.Her offe, 2585, hereof.Her,n.S. hair, 1924.Hor, 235.Herboru,n.S. habitation, harbour, lodging, 742.Herberowe, Web.;Herbegerie, R. Br.;Harbroughe, Sq. of Lowe Degre, 179;Herberwe, Chauc.;Herbry, Wynt.;Herberye, Lynds. Gl. q.v. and Jam.Herborwed,pa. t.S. lodged, 742. Laȝam., Chauc., V. Jam. in v.Herbery.Here,pron.S. their, 52, 465, &c.Here,n.S. army, 346, 379, 2153, 2942. R. Br., K. Alisaund, 2101.Here, Heren,v.S. to hear, 4,732, 1640, 2279, &c.Y-here, 11.Herd,Herde,pa. t.heard, 286, 465, &c.Herden,pa. t. pl.150.Herinne,adv.S. herein, 458.Herkne,imp. s.S. hearken, 1285.Herknet,imp. pl.hearken ye, 1.Herles.SeeErl.Hernes,n.Fr. armour, harness, 1917. R. Br., &c.Hernes,n. pl.S. brains, 1808.Hern-panne,n.S. skull, 1991. Yw. and Gaw. 660; R. Cœur de L., 5293.Hardynpan, Compl. of Scotl. p. 241; V. Gl.Hert,n.S. hart, deer, 1872.Herte,n.S. heart, 479, 2054, &c.Herte blod, 1819. Laȝam. l. 15846; Sir Tr. p. 98; Chauc.Hertelike,adv.S. heartily, 1347, 2748.Het,part.S. hight, named, 2348.Hoten,part. pa.called, named, 106, 284.Het, Hete, Heten.SeeEte.Hetelike,adv.S. hotly, furiously, 2655.And Guy hent his sword in hand,Andhetelichsmot to Colbrand.Guy of Warw.ap. Ellis, M. R. V. 2, p. 82.In Sir Tr. p. 172,Hethelichis explainedHaughtilyby the Editor, and by Jam.reproachfully. Cf.Hetterlyin Gloss. toWill. of Palerne.Hethede,pa. t.commanded, 551. A.S.hetan. Thethis here pronounced liket, as elsewhere.Heþen.SeeEþen.Heu,n.S. hue, colour, complexion, 2918. Very common. We may hence explain the “inexplicable phrase” complained of by Mr Ellis, Spec. E. E. P. V.I.p. 109. “Onheuher hair is fair enough” —occasioned by Ritson having inadvertently copied ithen, from the MS.;seeAnc. Songs, p. 25.Heued,n.S. head, 624, 1653, 1701, 1759, &c.Heuedes,pl.1907.Heuere.SeeEuere.Heui,adj.S. heavy, 808; laborious, 2456.Hew,pa. t.S. cut, 2729. Sir Tr. p. 20.Hext,adj. sup.S. highest, tallest, 1080.Haxt, Laȝamon;Hext, K. Alisaund. 7961; R. Gl.; Chauc.Hey, Heye.SeeHeie.Heye,adv.S. on high, 43, 335, 695, &c.Heylike,adv.S. highly, honourably, 2319.Heyelike, 1329.Heyman,n.S. nobleman, 1260. Sir Tr. p. 82.Heymen,Heyemen,pl.231, 958.Hi, Hic.SeeIch.Hider,adv.S. hither, 868, 885, 1431.Hides,n. pl.S. hides, skins, 918.Hijs,pron.S. his, 47, 468.Hise, 34, &c.Hyse, 355. [The finaleis most used withpluralnouns.]Hile,v.S. [hélan] to cover, hide, 2082.Hele, Sir Tr. p. 19, Web., Rits. M. R., Chauc.Hilles, Yw. and Gaw. 741. V. Jam. in v.Heild.—Somersetsh.Him,pron.S. them, 257, 1169.Hine,n. pl.S. hinds, bondsmen, 620. Web.Hinen, R. Gl., V. Jam. in v.Hinne.SeeÞer-inne.Hire,pron.S. her, 127, &c.Hire semes, it beseems her, 2916.HisforIs, 279, 1973, 2692.Hise.SeeHijs.HofforOf, 1976.Hof,pa. t.S. heaved, 2750.Hok,n.S. hook, 1102.Hol,adj.whole, well, 2075.Holi,adj.S. holy, 1361. [Printedhohin the former edition.]Hold,adj.S. firm, faithful, 2781, 2816.Ant suore othesholde,That huere non ne sholdeHorn never bytreye.K. Horn, 1259.Cf. R. Glouc. p. 377, 383, 443; K. Alisaund. 2912; Chron. of Engl. 730.Hold, Holde,adj.S. old, 30, 192, 417, 956, &c.; former, 2460.Holden.SeeHalde.Hole,n.S. socket of the eye, 1813.Holed.SeeHelen.Holpen.SeeHelpen.Hond,n.S. hand, 2446.Hon, 1342.Dat. c.hend, 505, 2069;pl.hondes, 215, 636.Hond-dede,n.S. handiwork, 92.Honge.SeeHangen.Hor.SeeHer,n.Hore,n.mercy, 153.SeeOre.Horn,n.S. 779. [This probably refers to theshapeof the simnel. Halliwell says, a Simnel is “generally made in athree-corneredform.” Cracknels are still made with pointed and turned up ends, not unlikehorns.]Hors,n.S. horse, 2283.Horse-knaue, groom, 1019. So in a curious satirical poem, temp. Edw. II.Of rybaudz y ryme,Ant rede o my rolle,Of gedelynges, gromes,Of Colyn, & of Colle;Harlotes,hors knaues,Bi pate & by polle.MS. Harl. 2253, f. 124 b.Used also by Gower, Conf. Am.SeeTodd’s Illustr. p. 279.Hosen,n. pl.S. hose, stockings, 860, 969. In Sir Tr. p. 94, trowsers seem to be indicated.Hoslen,v.S. to administer or receive the sacrament, 212.Hoslon, 362.Hosled,part. pa.364.Hoseled, 2598. Le Bone Flor. 776. Chauc.Hoten.SeeHet.Houes,pr. t.S. behoves, 582. [Readbi-houes?]Hul,n.S. hollow, i.e. vale, 2687.A.S.hole. Cf. l. 2439.Hund,n.S. hound, 1994, 2435.Hundes,pl.2331.HungredforHunger, 2454.Hungreth,pr. t.hunger, 455.Hungrede,pa. t.hungered, 654.Hure,pron.S. our, 338, 842, 1231, &c.HusforUs, 1217, 1409.Hus,n.S. house, 740.Huse, 2913.Hws, 1141.Milne-hous, mill-house, 1967.Hyl,n.S. heap, 892.Hil, hill, 1287.Hw, W,adv.S. how, 120, 288, 827, 960, 1646, &c.Hwou, 2411, 2946, 2987, &c.Hwan,adv.S. when, 408, 474, &c.SeeQuan.Hware,adv.S. where, 1881, 2240, 2579.Hwar-of, whereof, 2976.Hwere, 549, 1083.Hwat,pron.S. what, 596, 635, 1137, 2547.Wat, 117, 541, &c.Wat is yw, 453.HwatorWat is þe, 1951, 2704.Hwat.SeeQuath.Hwel,n.S. whale, or grampus, 755.Hwæl, balena, vel cete, vel cetus. Ælf. Gl.SeeQual.Hweþer,adv.S. whether, 294, 2098.Hwi,adv.S. why, 454.SeeQui.Hwil,adv.S. whilst, 301, 363, 538, 2437.Hwile,n.S. time, 722, 1830.Hwil-gat,adv.S. how, lit. which way, 838.Howgates, Skinner.Hwit,adj.S. white, 1729.Hwo,pron.S. who, 296, 300, 368, 2604, &c.SeeWo.Hwor,adv.S. whether, 1119.Hwore-so, wheresoever, 1349.Hwou.SeeHw.Hws.SeeHus.Hyse.SeeHijs.IIch,pron.S. I, 167, &c.Ihc, 1377.Hic, 305.Hi, 487.I, 686.Y, 15, &c.IdforIt, 2424.I-gret, 163.SeeGrette.I-groten.SeeGraten.Il,adj.S. each, every, 818, 1740, 2112, 2483, 2514.Ilc, 1056, 1921.Ilke, 821, 1861, 2959, 2996; (= same), 1088, 1215, 2674, &c.Ilker, each (of them), 2352.Ilkan, each one, 1770, 2357.Ilkon, 1842, 2108.SeeEueri.Ille,adv.S.Likede hire swithe ille, 1165, it displeased her much. Sir Tr. p. 78. A common phrase.Ille maked, ill treated, 1952.I-maked.SeeMaken.Inne,adv.S. in, 762, 807.SeeÞerinne.Inow,adv.S. enough, 706, 911, 931, &c.Ynow, 563, 1795.Ynou, 904.Intil,prep.S. into, 128, 251, &c.SeeTil.Ioie,n.Fr. joy, 1209, 1237, 1278, &c.Ioye, 1315.Ioyinge,n.gladness, 2087.Ioupe,n.Fr. a doublet, 1767. Roquefort gives the formJupe, butJuponorGipounis more usual. SeeJuponin Halliwell, andGipein Roquefort.IsforHis, 735, 2254, 2479.Iuele,n.S. evil, injury, 50, 1689.Yuel, 2221.Yuele, 994.Iuel, sickness, 114.Yuel, 144, 155.þa þe he wes ald mon,þa com himufelon.Laȝam.l. 19282.Ful iuele o-bone, very lean, 2505; cf. 2525.Iuele,adv.S. evilly, 2755.Me yuele like, displease me, 132. Cf.Ille liken.KKam.SeeKomen.Kaske,adj.strong, vigorous, 1841. Sw.karsk.Kaym,n. p.Cain, 2045.Seenote in loc.Kayn,n.31, 1327. Evidently a provincial pronunciation ofThayn, which in the MS. may elsewhere be read eitherchaynorthayn. By the same mutation of lettersmakehas been converted intomate,cakeintocate,waykeintowayte,lakeintolate(R. Hood,I.106), &c., orvice versâ.SeeThayn.Kaysere.SeeCayser.Keft,part. pa.purchased, 2005.Sure keft= sourly (bitterly) purchased it.SeeSureandCoupe.Keling,n.757, cod of a large size, Jam. q.v. Thekelyngappears in the first, course of Archb. Nevil’s Feast, 6 Edw. IV.SeeWarner’sAntiq. Cul.Cotgrave explainsMerlus, A Melwall orKeeling, a kind of small cod, whereof stockfish is made.Keme.SeeKomen.Kempe,n.S. knight, champion, 1036. V. Jam. in v.Kene,adj.S. keen, bold, eager, 1832, 2115. A term of very extensive use in old Engl. and Sc. poetry, and the usual epithet of a knight.Kesten,v.S. to cast in prison, or to overthrow, 81, 1785 (used passively).Casten, cast, throw, 2101.Keste,pa. t.cast, 2449.Keste,part. pa.cast, placed, 2611; [or it may be the infin. mood.]Keuel,n.S. a gag, 547. SeeKevelin Hall.,Kewlin. Jam. A.S.cæfli, a halter, headstall.Kid,part. pa.S. made known, discovered, 1060. Sir Tr. p. 150; R. Br.; Yw. and Gaw. 530; Minot, p. 4; Chauc. Fromcýþan, notum facere.Kin, Kyn,n.S. kindred, 393, 414, 2045.Kines,n.S.gen. c.kind, 861, 1140, 2691.None kines= of no kind;neuere kines= of never a kind.Kinneriche.SeeCunnriche.Kippe,v.S. [cépan] to take up hastily, 894.Kipt,Kipte,pa. t.snatched up, 1050, 2407, 2638.Horn in is armes hirekepte.K. Horn, 1208.Kypteheore longe knyues, and slowe faste to gronde.Rob. Glouc.p. 125.Kept up, snatcht up, Gl. R. Br. Jamieson derives the word from Su.-G.kippa, to take anything violently. V. in v.Kip.Ihre quotes the Icel.kipti up= snatched up.Kirke,n.S. church, 1132, 1355.Kirkes,pl.2583. V. Gl. Lynds. and Jam.Kiste.SeeChiste.Kiste,pa. t. s.kissed, 1279.Kisten,pa. t. pl.S. kissed, 2162.Kiwing,n.1736. [Respecting this word I can only record my conviction that it is not safe to quote it, as the MS. is indistinct. I read the word askilþing, which I believe to be merely miswritten forilk þing(which the scribe also spellsil þing), and I suppose the sense of the line to be— “when they had there distributedeverything.”]Knaue,n.S. lad, 308, 409, 450, &c. Attendant, servant, 458.Cokes knaue, scullion, 1123.Heore cokes & heorecnauesAlle heo duden of lif dæȝen.Laȝam.l. 13717.V. Jam. in v. Gl. Lynds. and Gl. Todd’s Illustr. Chauc.Knawe,v.S. to know, 2785.Knawe,pr. t. pl.know, 2207.Kneu,pa. t.knew, 2468.Knawed,part. pa.known, 2057.Knicth, Knith,n.S. knight, 77, 343, &c.Knictes,pl.239.Knithes, 1068.Knihtes, 2706.Kok,n.a cook, 873, 180, 891, 903, 921, 2898.SeeCok.Komen,v.S. to come, 1001.Comes,Cometh,imp, pl.come ye, 1798, 1885, 2247.Kam,pa. t.came, 766, 863.Kom, 1309.Cam, 2622.Komen,pa. t, pl.came, 1012, 1202.Comen, 2790.Keme, 1208.Comen,part. pa.come, 1714.Kope,n.Lat. cope, 429.Copes,pl.1957.Koren,n.S. corn, 1879.Kouel.SeeCouel.Kouþen.SeeCouþe.Kradel-barnes,n. pl.S. children in the cradle, 1912.Kraken,v.S. to crack, break, 914.Krake, 1857.Crake, 1908.Crakede,pa. t.cracked, broke, 568.Kraked,part. pa.1238.Krike,n.S. creek, 708.Kunne.SeeCanst.Kuneriche, Kunerike, Kunrik.SeeCunnriche.Kyne-merk,n.S. mark or sign of royalty, 604. In the same manner are compoundedcine-helm,cine-stol, &c.& Cador þe kenescal beren þaskinges marke;hæbben haȝe þene drake,biforen þissere duȝeðe.Laȝam.l. 19098.Thyll ther was of her bodyA fayr chyld borne, and a godele,Hadde a dowbyllkynges marke.Emare, 502.LLac,n.S. fault, reproach, 191, 2219. Yw. and Gaw. 264, 1133.Lak, R. Br., Rom. of Merlin, ap. Ellis, M. R. V.I.p. 252. Sir Orpheo, 421.Lakke, P. Plowm. Chauc. So in Sc. V. Jam. and Gl. Lynds. v.Lak,Lack.Ladde,n.S. lad, 1786.Ladden,pl.1038.Laddes, 1015, &c. A term subsequently applied to persons of low condition. “Whenladdesweddeth leuedis—” Prophecy of Tho. of Essedoune, MS. Harl. 2253, f. 127.Large,adj.Fr. Lat. liberal, bountiful, 97, 2941. R. Gl. Yw. and Gaw. 865. Sir Orpheo, 27. Sevyn Sages, 1251. Chauc.Late,v.S. [lǽtan]pres. subj.let, suffer, 486.Late,pr. t.let, permit, 1741.Late,imp.let, suffer, 17, 1376, 2422.Leth,pa. t.let, suffered, 2651; caused, 252.Late,part. pa.orinf.put, 2611.Laten,v.S. [lǽtan] to leave, 328.Late be,imp.leave, relinquish, 1265;inf.1657.Let,pa. t.left, 2062.Laten,part. pa.left, abated, 240, 1925.Lath,n.S. injury, 76.Lathe, 2718, 2976.Lauhwinde,part. pr.S. laughing, 946.Laute,pa. t. S. [læccan, læhte] received, took, 744.Lauthe, 1673.Lauth,part. pa.received, taken, 1988.I-lahte, Laȝam. l. 29260.Horn in hertelaȝteAl þat he him taȝte.K. Horn(ed. Lumby), 243.Laght, Yw. and Gaw. 2025.Laught, K. Alisaund. 685, 1109.Lauht, R. Br. (SeeHearne’s blundering Gl. in voc.) Rits. A. S. p. 46.Laucht, Wall. ix. 1964.Laumprei,n.S. lamprey, 771.Laumprees,pl.897.Lawe, Lowe,adj.S. low, 2431, 2471, 2767, &c.Lax, n. S. [læx] salmon, 754, 1727.Laxes,pl.896. V. Spelm. and Somn. in v. Jamieson says, it was “formerly the only name by which this fish was known.” Cf. Dan. Sw. Icel.lax.Layke,v.S. [lácan] to play, 1011.Leyke,Leyken, 469, 950, 997.Leykeden,pa. t. pl.played, 954. In the same sense the verb is found in P. Plowman, and Sevyn Sages, 1212. So in Sc. and N.E. V. Jam. v.Laik, Ray, Brockett, and Crav. Dial. v.Lake.Leche,n.S. physician, 1836, 2057.Led, a caldron, kettle, 924. Chauc. Prol. 202.Lede, Leden,v.S. to lead, 245, &c;utlede, 89. Cf. 346, 379.Ledes,pr. t. 3 p.uses, carries, 2573.Ledde,pa. t.led, 1686.Ledden,pa. t. pl.led, 2451.Lef,adj.S. agreeable, willing,lef and loth, 261, 440, 2273, 2313, 2379, 2775. A very usual phrase.SeeBeowulf, l. 1026. Chauc. C. T. 1839. R. Hood,I.41.Leue, 431, 909. Sir Tr. p. 187. K. Horn, 949, &c.Leuere,comp.more agreeable, rather, 1193, 1423, 1671, &c.Lef, used as adv. willingly, in the phrase “Ye! lef, ye!” = yes, willingly, yes, 2606; cf. l. 1888.Leidest.SeeLeyn.Leite,adj.S. light, 2441.Leme,n.S. limb, 2555.Lime, 1409.Limes, pl. 86.Leman,n.S. mistress, lover, 1191.Lemman, 1283, 1312, 1322. Used by all the old writers, and applied equally to either sex.Lende,v.S. to land, 733. Sir Tr. p. 13. R. Br.SeeJam. in v.Leind.Lene,v.S. [leanian] to lend, grant, 2072.

Whar bin thiglewmenthat schuld thiglewe,With harp and fithel, and tabour bete.

Whar bin thiglewmenthat schuld thiglewe,

With harp and fithel, and tabour bete.

Disp. betw. the bodi & saul, ap. Leyd. Compl. of Scotl.

Glotuns,n. pl.Fr. gluttons, wicked men, 2104.

Va,Glutun, envers tei nostre lei se defent.

K. Horn, 1633, MS. Douce.

Cf. K. Horn, 1124, ap. Rits., Yw. and Gaw. 3247; R. Cœur de L. 5953, and Chauc.

Gnede,adj.S. niggardly, frugal, 97. Nearly equivalent tochinche, l. 1763. Printedguedein Sir Tr. p. 169. [Cf.Gnedein Halliwell, and A.S.gneadlícnes, frugality.]

God,n.S. gain, wealth, goods, 797, 2034;pl.gode, 1221. R. Gl., R. Br., Chauc.

God, Gode,adj.S. good, excellent, 7, &c.

Goddot, Goddoth,interj.god wot! 606, 642, 796, 909, 1656, 2543; cf. 2527. It is formed probably in the same manner asGoddil, for God’s will, in Yorksh. and Lanc. V. Craven dialect, and View of Lanc. dialect, 1770, 8vo. The word before us appears to have been limited to Lincolnshire or Lancashire, and does not appear in the Glossaries. Other instances are in theCursor Mundi, MS. Cott. Vesp. F. iii. fol. 87b, and in MS. Cott. Galba E. ix. fol. 61. It also occurs in a translation of a French Fabliau, written in the reign of Edw. I.

Goddot!so I wille,And loke that thou hire tille,And strek out hire thes.

Goddot!so I wille,

And loke that thou hire tille,

And strek out hire thes.

La fablel & la cointise de dame Siriz, MS. Digb. 86.

Grundtvig told me (adds Sir F. Madden) that it is “undoubtedly the same interjection spelledIoduthin the old Danish rime-chronicle.”

Gome,n.S. man, 7.

Gon,v.S. to go, walk, 113, 1045.Goth,imp.go ye, 1780.Gon,part. pa.gone, 2692.

Gonge, Gongen.SeeGange.

Gore, 2497.SeeGrim.

Gos,n.S. goose, 1240.Gees,pl.702.

Gouen.SeeYeue.

Goulen,pr. t. pl. 2 p.S. howl, cry, 454.Gouleden,pa. t. pl.howled, cried, 164.

Anyollenmote thu so heye,That ut berste bo thin ey.

Anyollenmote thu so heye,

That ut berste bo thin ey.

Hule and Nihtingale, l. 970.

Used also by Wickliffe. In Scotland and the North it is still preserved, but in the SouthYellis used as an equivalent.SeeJam. and Gl. Lynds.

Gram,n.S. grief, 2469.

Graten,v.S. [grǽtan] to weep, cry, cry out, 329.Grede, 96.Grete,pres. pl.454, 2703.Gret,pa. t.cried out, wept, 615, 1129, 2159.Gredde, 2417.Greten,pa. t. pl.wept, 164, 415, 2796.Grotinde,part. pr.weeping, 1390.Graten,part. pa.wept, 241.Igroten, 285.SeeJam. and Gl. Lynds.

Graue,v.S. to bury, 613.Grauen,part. pa.buried, 2528. Web., Sir Guy, Ii. iv., Chauc.

Greme,v.S. to irritate, grieve, 442. In R. Br.Gramis used as a verb, in the same sense.

Grene,n.desire, lust, 996. It is simply the Mœso-Goth.gairuni, lust; Icel.girni, desire. V. Jam. in v. Grene. Halliwell suggestssport,play, to which it isopposed.

Gres,n.S. grass, 2698.

Gret,adj.S. great, heavy, loud, 807, 1860.Greth, 1025;pl.grete, 1437, 1862.Grettere,comp.greater, 1893.

Grete.SeeGraten.

Greþede, 2003. Explained asgreeted,accosted, by Sir F. Madden; but the use of þ (not th) renders this doubtful. May it not signifytreated,handled(lit.arrayed), from thevb.greyþe?

Grethet.SeeGreyþe.

Greting,n.S. weeping, 166.

Grette,pa. t.S. accosted, greeted, 452, 1811, 2625.Gret,part. pa.accosted, greeted, 2290.

Greu,pa. t.S. grew, prospered, 2333;pl.grewe, 2975.

Greue,v.S. to grieve, 2953.

Greyþe,v.S. [gerǽdian] to prepare, 1762.Greyþede,pa. t.prepared, 706.Greyþed,part. pa.prepared, made ready, 714.Grethet, 2615. Laȝam. l. 4414. Sir Tr. p. 33. Sc.Graith. V. Jam. and Gl. Lynds.

Greyue,n.S. [geréfa] greave, magistrate, 1771.Greyues,g. c.greave’s, 1749.Greyues,pl.266. V. Spelm. in v.Grafio, and Hickes, Diss. Epist. p. 21, n. p. 151.

Grim,adj.S. cruel, savage, fierce, 155, 680, 2398, 2655, 2761. R. Br., Rits. M. R.SeeBeowulf, l. 204.

Grim,n.[smut, dirt, 2497. The explanation is that Godard, on being flayed, did not bear his sentence as one of rank and blood would have done, but began to roar out as if he were meredirtormud, i.e. one of the dregs of the common herd. This curious expression is ascertained to have the meaning hereassigned to it by observing (1) thatgrimandgoremust be substantives, and (2) that they must be of like signification; but chiefly by comparing the line with others similar to it. Now the context, in the couplet following, repeats that “men might hear him roar, thatfoul vilewretch, a mile off;” and in l. 682, Godard calls Grim “a foul dirt, a thrall, and a churl.” The author clearly usesdirtandchurlas synonyms. The wordgrimis the Danishgrim, soot, lampblack, smut, dirt, answering to the Englishgrime; seegrimein Atkinson’s Glossary of the Cleveland dialect.Goreis the A.S.gór, wet mud, or clotted blood, in the latter of which senses it is still used. See “Gore. Limus” in Prompt. Parv., and Way’s note.]

Grip,n.griffin, 572. Web.Graip, Sc., V. Jam. The pluralgripesis in Laȝam. l. 28062, and K. Alisaund. 4880. Swed.grip.

Grip,n.S. [græp] ditch, trench, 2102.Gripes,pl.1924. V. Jam. in v.Grape; and Skinner, v.Groop. Cf. Swed.grop.

Gripen,pr. t. pl.S. gripe, grasp, 1790.Gripeth,imp.gripe ye, 1882.Grop,pa. t.grasped, 1776, 1871, 1890, &c.

Grith,n.S. peace, 61, 511.Grith-sergeans, 267, legal officers to preserve the peace. These must not be confounded with theJustitiarii Pacisestablished in the beginning of Edw. III. reign, and calledGardiani Pacis. V. Spelm. in v. Cf. Icel.grið.

Grom,n.male child, youth, 790; young man, 2472. Belgicgromhas the same sense ofboy. Cf. Icel.gromr, homuncio. So inSir Degore, A. iv.

He lyft up the shete anoneAnd loked upon the lytlegrome.

He lyft up the shete anone

And loked upon the lytlegrome.

It generally elsewhere signifieslad,page.

Gronge,n.Fr. grange, 764. [Halliwell says that, inLincolnshire, a lone farm-house is still called agrange. In old English it is sometimes speltgraunge, which comes near the form here used. Cf. Fr.grange; Ital.grangia(Florio), a country-farm.]

Grop.SeeGripen.

Grotes,n. pl.S. [grót] small pieces, grit, dust, 472, 1414.

Grotinde.SeeGraten.

Grund,adj. used as adv.1027.SeeGrundlike.

Grunde,n.S.dat. c.ground, 1979, 2675.

Grunden,part. pa.S. ground, 2503. Yw. and Gaw. 676.Grounden, Chauc.

Grundlike,adv.heartily, 651, 2659; deeply, 2013, 2268, 2307, where it is equivalent toDeplike, q.v. The word is undoubtedly Saxon, but in the Lexicons we only findGrundlinga, funditus, from Ælf. Gl. It is used by Laȝamon, l. 9783.

Cnihtes heom geredenGrundlichefeire.

Cnihtes heom gereden

Grundlichefeire.

Gyue.SeeGiue.

Hal, all, 2370.

[Hal, more probably, is shortened fromhalf, liketwelfromtwelue.]

Halde,v.S. to hold, take part, 2308.Holden, to keep or observe, 29, 1171.Haldes,pr. t. 3 p.holds, 1382.Hel,pa. t.held, 109.Helden,pa. t. pl.held, 1201.Halden,part. pa.held, holden, 2806.

Hals,n.S. neck, 521, 670, 2510. Sir Tr. p. 109.

Halue,n.S. side, part;bi bothe halue, 2682.SeeBi-halue.

Haluendel,n.S. the half part, 460. R. Gl. p. 5; R. Br.; K. Alisaund. 7116; Emare, 444; Chron. of Engl. 515; R. Hood, i. 68.

Handlen,v.S. to handle, 347.Handel, 586.

Hangen,v.S. to hang, 335, 695.Hengen, 43, &c.Honge, 2807.Henged,part. pa.hung, 1922, 2480. Cf.For-henge.

HarumforHarm, 1983, 2408.

Hasard,n.Fr. game at dice, 2326.SeeNote on l. 2320.

Hatede,pa. t.S. hated, 1188.

Hauen,v.S. to have, 78, &c.Hawe, 1188.Haue, 1298.Haues,Hauest,pr. t. 2 p.hast, 688, 848.Haues,Haueth,pr. t. 3 p.haveth, hath, has, 1266, 1285, 1952, 1980, &c.Hauet, hath, 564.Hauen,pr. t. pl.have, 1227.Hauenet, have it, 2005.Hauede,pa. t.had, 649, 775, &c.Hauedet, 714, had it.Haueden,pa. t. pl.had, 238, &c.Aueden, 163.Haue,Hauede,Haueden,subj.would have, 1428, 1643, 1687, 2020, 2675.

HauiforHaue I, 2002.

He,pron.S. Is often understood, as in ll. 869, 1428, 1777, and hence might perhaps have been designedly omitted in ll. 135, 860, 1089, 2311, though the metre seems to requirehein 135 and 1089.He,pl.they, 54, &c.

Heie,n.SeeEie.

Heie,adj.S. tall, 987.Hey, 1071, 1083; high, 1289.Heye se, 719.Heye curt, 1685.Heye and lowe, 2431, 2471, &c.

Hel, Helden.SeeHalde.

Helde, Heldeste.SeeEld.

Helen,v.S. [hǽlan] to heal, 1836.Hele, 2058.Holed,part. pa.healed, 2039.

Helm,n.S. helmet, 379, 624, 1653, &c.Helmes,pl.2612.

Helpen,v.S. to help, 1712.Helpes,imp. pl.help ye, 2595.Holpen,part. pa.helped, 901.

Hem,pron.S. them, 367, &c.

Hend.SeeHond.

HendeforEnde, 247.

Hende,n.S. a duck, 1241. A.S.ened; Lat.anas(anat-is); Du.eend; Icel.önd. “Ende mete, for dookelyngys,Lenticula;” and again, “Ende, dooke byrde,Anas.” Prompt. Parv.

Hende,adj.courteous, gentle, 1104, 1421, 1704, 2793, 2877, 2914; skilful, 2628. It certainly is the same word withhendi,hendy.SeeTyrwh. on C. T. 3199; Gl. R. Glouc.; Amis and Amil. 1393; Ly Beaus Desc. 333; Morte Arthur, ap. Ellis, M. R. V.I.p. 359, &c.; Dan. and Sw.händig, dexterous.

Hende,adv.S. near, handy, 359, 2275. Web.

Hendeleik,n.courtesy, 2793. Cf.Allit. Poems, ed. Morris, B. 860.

Henged, Hengen.SeeHangen.

Henne,adv.S. hence, 843, 1780, 1799. In the same manner is formedWhenne, K. Horn, 169, which Ritson thought a mistake forwhence.

Henne,n, S. hen, 1240.Hennes,pl.702.

Her.SeeEr.

Her,adv.S. here, 689, 1058, &c.Her offe, 2585, hereof.

Her,n.S. hair, 1924.Hor, 235.

Herboru,n.S. habitation, harbour, lodging, 742.Herberowe, Web.;Herbegerie, R. Br.;Harbroughe, Sq. of Lowe Degre, 179;Herberwe, Chauc.;Herbry, Wynt.;Herberye, Lynds. Gl. q.v. and Jam.

Herborwed,pa. t.S. lodged, 742. Laȝam., Chauc., V. Jam. in v.Herbery.

Here,pron.S. their, 52, 465, &c.

Here,n.S. army, 346, 379, 2153, 2942. R. Br., K. Alisaund, 2101.

Here, Heren,v.S. to hear, 4,732, 1640, 2279, &c.Y-here, 11.Herd,Herde,pa. t.heard, 286, 465, &c.Herden,pa. t. pl.150.

Herinne,adv.S. herein, 458.

Herkne,imp. s.S. hearken, 1285.Herknet,imp. pl.hearken ye, 1.

Herles.SeeErl.

Hernes,n.Fr. armour, harness, 1917. R. Br., &c.

Hernes,n. pl.S. brains, 1808.

Hern-panne,n.S. skull, 1991. Yw. and Gaw. 660; R. Cœur de L., 5293.Hardynpan, Compl. of Scotl. p. 241; V. Gl.

Hert,n.S. hart, deer, 1872.

Herte,n.S. heart, 479, 2054, &c.Herte blod, 1819. Laȝam. l. 15846; Sir Tr. p. 98; Chauc.

Hertelike,adv.S. heartily, 1347, 2748.

Het,part.S. hight, named, 2348.Hoten,part. pa.called, named, 106, 284.

Het, Hete, Heten.SeeEte.

Hetelike,adv.S. hotly, furiously, 2655.

And Guy hent his sword in hand,Andhetelichsmot to Colbrand.

And Guy hent his sword in hand,

Andhetelichsmot to Colbrand.

Guy of Warw.ap. Ellis, M. R. V. 2, p. 82.

In Sir Tr. p. 172,Hethelichis explainedHaughtilyby the Editor, and by Jam.reproachfully. Cf.Hetterlyin Gloss. toWill. of Palerne.

Hethede,pa. t.commanded, 551. A.S.hetan. Thethis here pronounced liket, as elsewhere.

Heþen.SeeEþen.

Heu,n.S. hue, colour, complexion, 2918. Very common. We may hence explain the “inexplicable phrase” complained of by Mr Ellis, Spec. E. E. P. V.I.p. 109. “Onheuher hair is fair enough” —occasioned by Ritson having inadvertently copied ithen, from the MS.;seeAnc. Songs, p. 25.

Heued,n.S. head, 624, 1653, 1701, 1759, &c.Heuedes,pl.1907.

Heuere.SeeEuere.

Heui,adj.S. heavy, 808; laborious, 2456.

Hew,pa. t.S. cut, 2729. Sir Tr. p. 20.

Hext,adj. sup.S. highest, tallest, 1080.Haxt, Laȝamon;Hext, K. Alisaund. 7961; R. Gl.; Chauc.

Hey, Heye.SeeHeie.

Heye,adv.S. on high, 43, 335, 695, &c.

Heylike,adv.S. highly, honourably, 2319.Heyelike, 1329.

Heyman,n.S. nobleman, 1260. Sir Tr. p. 82.Heymen,Heyemen,pl.231, 958.

Hi, Hic.SeeIch.

Hider,adv.S. hither, 868, 885, 1431.

Hides,n. pl.S. hides, skins, 918.

Hijs,pron.S. his, 47, 468.Hise, 34, &c.Hyse, 355. [The finaleis most used withpluralnouns.]

Hile,v.S. [hélan] to cover, hide, 2082.Hele, Sir Tr. p. 19, Web., Rits. M. R., Chauc.Hilles, Yw. and Gaw. 741. V. Jam. in v.Heild.—Somersetsh.

Him,pron.S. them, 257, 1169.

Hine,n. pl.S. hinds, bondsmen, 620. Web.Hinen, R. Gl., V. Jam. in v.

Hinne.SeeÞer-inne.

Hire,pron.S. her, 127, &c.Hire semes, it beseems her, 2916.

HisforIs, 279, 1973, 2692.

Hise.SeeHijs.

HofforOf, 1976.

Hof,pa. t.S. heaved, 2750.

Hok,n.S. hook, 1102.

Hol,adj.whole, well, 2075.

Holi,adj.S. holy, 1361. [Printedhohin the former edition.]

Hold,adj.S. firm, faithful, 2781, 2816.

Ant suore othesholde,That huere non ne sholdeHorn never bytreye.

Ant suore othesholde,

That huere non ne sholde

Horn never bytreye.

K. Horn, 1259.

Cf. R. Glouc. p. 377, 383, 443; K. Alisaund. 2912; Chron. of Engl. 730.

Hold, Holde,adj.S. old, 30, 192, 417, 956, &c.; former, 2460.

Holden.SeeHalde.

Hole,n.S. socket of the eye, 1813.

Holed.SeeHelen.

Holpen.SeeHelpen.

Hond,n.S. hand, 2446.Hon, 1342.Dat. c.hend, 505, 2069;pl.hondes, 215, 636.Hond-dede,n.S. handiwork, 92.

Honge.SeeHangen.

Hor.SeeHer,n.

Hore,n.mercy, 153.SeeOre.

Horn,n.S. 779. [This probably refers to theshapeof the simnel. Halliwell says, a Simnel is “generally made in athree-corneredform.” Cracknels are still made with pointed and turned up ends, not unlikehorns.]

Hors,n.S. horse, 2283.Horse-knaue, groom, 1019. So in a curious satirical poem, temp. Edw. II.

Of rybaudz y ryme,Ant rede o my rolle,Of gedelynges, gromes,Of Colyn, & of Colle;Harlotes,hors knaues,Bi pate & by polle.

Of rybaudz y ryme,

Ant rede o my rolle,

Of gedelynges, gromes,

Of Colyn, & of Colle;

Harlotes,hors knaues,

Bi pate & by polle.

MS. Harl. 2253, f. 124 b.

Used also by Gower, Conf. Am.SeeTodd’s Illustr. p. 279.

Hosen,n. pl.S. hose, stockings, 860, 969. In Sir Tr. p. 94, trowsers seem to be indicated.

Hoslen,v.S. to administer or receive the sacrament, 212.Hoslon, 362.Hosled,part. pa.364.Hoseled, 2598. Le Bone Flor. 776. Chauc.

Hoten.SeeHet.

Houes,pr. t.S. behoves, 582. [Readbi-houes?]

Hul,n.S. hollow, i.e. vale, 2687.A.S.hole. Cf. l. 2439.

Hund,n.S. hound, 1994, 2435.Hundes,pl.2331.

HungredforHunger, 2454.

Hungreth,pr. t.hunger, 455.Hungrede,pa. t.hungered, 654.

Hure,pron.S. our, 338, 842, 1231, &c.

HusforUs, 1217, 1409.

Hus,n.S. house, 740.Huse, 2913.Hws, 1141.Milne-hous, mill-house, 1967.

Hyl,n.S. heap, 892.Hil, hill, 1287.

Hw, W,adv.S. how, 120, 288, 827, 960, 1646, &c.Hwou, 2411, 2946, 2987, &c.

Hwan,adv.S. when, 408, 474, &c.SeeQuan.

Hware,adv.S. where, 1881, 2240, 2579.Hwar-of, whereof, 2976.Hwere, 549, 1083.

Hwat,pron.S. what, 596, 635, 1137, 2547.Wat, 117, 541, &c.Wat is yw, 453.HwatorWat is þe, 1951, 2704.

Hwat.SeeQuath.

Hwel,n.S. whale, or grampus, 755.Hwæl, balena, vel cete, vel cetus. Ælf. Gl.SeeQual.

Hweþer,adv.S. whether, 294, 2098.

Hwi,adv.S. why, 454.SeeQui.

Hwil,adv.S. whilst, 301, 363, 538, 2437.

Hwile,n.S. time, 722, 1830.

Hwil-gat,adv.S. how, lit. which way, 838.Howgates, Skinner.

Hwit,adj.S. white, 1729.

Hwo,pron.S. who, 296, 300, 368, 2604, &c.SeeWo.

Hwor,adv.S. whether, 1119.Hwore-so, wheresoever, 1349.

Hwou.SeeHw.

Hws.SeeHus.

Hyse.SeeHijs.

Ich,pron.S. I, 167, &c.Ihc, 1377.Hic, 305.Hi, 487.I, 686.Y, 15, &c.

IdforIt, 2424.

I-gret, 163.SeeGrette.

I-groten.SeeGraten.

Il,adj.S. each, every, 818, 1740, 2112, 2483, 2514.Ilc, 1056, 1921.Ilke, 821, 1861, 2959, 2996; (= same), 1088, 1215, 2674, &c.Ilker, each (of them), 2352.Ilkan, each one, 1770, 2357.Ilkon, 1842, 2108.SeeEueri.

Ille,adv.S.Likede hire swithe ille, 1165, it displeased her much. Sir Tr. p. 78. A common phrase.Ille maked, ill treated, 1952.

I-maked.SeeMaken.

Inne,adv.S. in, 762, 807.SeeÞerinne.

Inow,adv.S. enough, 706, 911, 931, &c.Ynow, 563, 1795.Ynou, 904.

Intil,prep.S. into, 128, 251, &c.SeeTil.

Ioie,n.Fr. joy, 1209, 1237, 1278, &c.Ioye, 1315.

Ioyinge,n.gladness, 2087.

Ioupe,n.Fr. a doublet, 1767. Roquefort gives the formJupe, butJuponorGipounis more usual. SeeJuponin Halliwell, andGipein Roquefort.

IsforHis, 735, 2254, 2479.

Iuele,n.S. evil, injury, 50, 1689.Yuel, 2221.Yuele, 994.Iuel, sickness, 114.Yuel, 144, 155.

þa þe he wes ald mon,þa com himufelon.

þa þe he wes ald mon,

þa com himufelon.

Laȝam.l. 19282.

Ful iuele o-bone, very lean, 2505; cf. 2525.

Iuele,adv.S. evilly, 2755.Me yuele like, displease me, 132. Cf.Ille liken.

Kam.SeeKomen.

Kaske,adj.strong, vigorous, 1841. Sw.karsk.

Kaym,n. p.Cain, 2045.Seenote in loc.

Kayn,n.31, 1327. Evidently a provincial pronunciation ofThayn, which in the MS. may elsewhere be read eitherchaynorthayn. By the same mutation of lettersmakehas been converted intomate,cakeintocate,waykeintowayte,lakeintolate(R. Hood,I.106), &c., orvice versâ.SeeThayn.

Kaysere.SeeCayser.

Keft,part. pa.purchased, 2005.Sure keft= sourly (bitterly) purchased it.SeeSureandCoupe.

Keling,n.757, cod of a large size, Jam. q.v. Thekelyngappears in the first, course of Archb. Nevil’s Feast, 6 Edw. IV.SeeWarner’sAntiq. Cul.Cotgrave explainsMerlus, A Melwall orKeeling, a kind of small cod, whereof stockfish is made.

Keme.SeeKomen.

Kempe,n.S. knight, champion, 1036. V. Jam. in v.

Kene,adj.S. keen, bold, eager, 1832, 2115. A term of very extensive use in old Engl. and Sc. poetry, and the usual epithet of a knight.

Kesten,v.S. to cast in prison, or to overthrow, 81, 1785 (used passively).Casten, cast, throw, 2101.Keste,pa. t.cast, 2449.Keste,part. pa.cast, placed, 2611; [or it may be the infin. mood.]

Keuel,n.S. a gag, 547. SeeKevelin Hall.,Kewlin. Jam. A.S.cæfli, a halter, headstall.

Kid,part. pa.S. made known, discovered, 1060. Sir Tr. p. 150; R. Br.; Yw. and Gaw. 530; Minot, p. 4; Chauc. Fromcýþan, notum facere.

Kin, Kyn,n.S. kindred, 393, 414, 2045.

Kines,n.S.gen. c.kind, 861, 1140, 2691.None kines= of no kind;neuere kines= of never a kind.

Kinneriche.SeeCunnriche.

Kippe,v.S. [cépan] to take up hastily, 894.Kipt,Kipte,pa. t.snatched up, 1050, 2407, 2638.

Horn in is armes hirekepte.

K. Horn, 1208.

Kypteheore longe knyues, and slowe faste to gronde.

Rob. Glouc.p. 125.

Kept up, snatcht up, Gl. R. Br. Jamieson derives the word from Su.-G.kippa, to take anything violently. V. in v.Kip.Ihre quotes the Icel.kipti up= snatched up.

Kirke,n.S. church, 1132, 1355.Kirkes,pl.2583. V. Gl. Lynds. and Jam.

Kiste.SeeChiste.

Kiste,pa. t. s.kissed, 1279.Kisten,pa. t. pl.S. kissed, 2162.

Kiwing,n.1736. [Respecting this word I can only record my conviction that it is not safe to quote it, as the MS. is indistinct. I read the word askilþing, which I believe to be merely miswritten forilk þing(which the scribe also spellsil þing), and I suppose the sense of the line to be— “when they had there distributedeverything.”]

Knaue,n.S. lad, 308, 409, 450, &c. Attendant, servant, 458.Cokes knaue, scullion, 1123.

Heore cokes & heorecnauesAlle heo duden of lif dæȝen.

Heore cokes & heorecnaues

Alle heo duden of lif dæȝen.

Laȝam.l. 13717.

V. Jam. in v. Gl. Lynds. and Gl. Todd’s Illustr. Chauc.

Knawe,v.S. to know, 2785.Knawe,pr. t. pl.know, 2207.Kneu,pa. t.knew, 2468.Knawed,part. pa.known, 2057.

Knicth, Knith,n.S. knight, 77, 343, &c.Knictes,pl.239.Knithes, 1068.Knihtes, 2706.

Kok,n.a cook, 873, 180, 891, 903, 921, 2898.SeeCok.

Komen,v.S. to come, 1001.Comes,Cometh,imp, pl.come ye, 1798, 1885, 2247.Kam,pa. t.came, 766, 863.Kom, 1309.Cam, 2622.Komen,pa. t, pl.came, 1012, 1202.Comen, 2790.Keme, 1208.Comen,part. pa.come, 1714.

Kope,n.Lat. cope, 429.Copes,pl.1957.

Koren,n.S. corn, 1879.

Kouel.SeeCouel.

Kouþen.SeeCouþe.

Kradel-barnes,n. pl.S. children in the cradle, 1912.

Kraken,v.S. to crack, break, 914.Krake, 1857.Crake, 1908.Crakede,pa. t.cracked, broke, 568.Kraked,part. pa.1238.

Krike,n.S. creek, 708.

Kunne.SeeCanst.

Kuneriche, Kunerike, Kunrik.SeeCunnriche.

Kyne-merk,n.S. mark or sign of royalty, 604. In the same manner are compoundedcine-helm,cine-stol, &c.

& Cador þe kenescal beren þaskinges marke;hæbben haȝe þene drake,biforen þissere duȝeðe.

& Cador þe kene

scal beren þaskinges marke;

hæbben haȝe þene drake,

biforen þissere duȝeðe.

Laȝam.l. 19098.

Thyll ther was of her bodyA fayr chyld borne, and a godele,Hadde a dowbyllkynges marke.

Thyll ther was of her body

A fayr chyld borne, and a godele,

Hadde a dowbyllkynges marke.

Emare, 502.

Lac,n.S. fault, reproach, 191, 2219. Yw. and Gaw. 264, 1133.Lak, R. Br., Rom. of Merlin, ap. Ellis, M. R. V.I.p. 252. Sir Orpheo, 421.Lakke, P. Plowm. Chauc. So in Sc. V. Jam. and Gl. Lynds. v.Lak,Lack.

Ladde,n.S. lad, 1786.Ladden,pl.1038.Laddes, 1015, &c. A term subsequently applied to persons of low condition. “Whenladdesweddeth leuedis—” Prophecy of Tho. of Essedoune, MS. Harl. 2253, f. 127.

Large,adj.Fr. Lat. liberal, bountiful, 97, 2941. R. Gl. Yw. and Gaw. 865. Sir Orpheo, 27. Sevyn Sages, 1251. Chauc.

Late,v.S. [lǽtan]pres. subj.let, suffer, 486.Late,pr. t.let, permit, 1741.Late,imp.let, suffer, 17, 1376, 2422.Leth,pa. t.let, suffered, 2651; caused, 252.Late,part. pa.orinf.put, 2611.

Laten,v.S. [lǽtan] to leave, 328.Late be,imp.leave, relinquish, 1265;inf.1657.Let,pa. t.left, 2062.Laten,part. pa.left, abated, 240, 1925.

Lath,n.S. injury, 76.Lathe, 2718, 2976.

Lauhwinde,part. pr.S. laughing, 946.

Laute,pa. t. S. [læccan, læhte] received, took, 744.Lauthe, 1673.Lauth,part. pa.received, taken, 1988.I-lahte, Laȝam. l. 29260.

Horn in hertelaȝteAl þat he him taȝte.

Horn in hertelaȝte

Al þat he him taȝte.

K. Horn(ed. Lumby), 243.

Laght, Yw. and Gaw. 2025.Laught, K. Alisaund. 685, 1109.Lauht, R. Br. (SeeHearne’s blundering Gl. in voc.) Rits. A. S. p. 46.Laucht, Wall. ix. 1964.

Laumprei,n.S. lamprey, 771.Laumprees,pl.897.

Lawe, Lowe,adj.S. low, 2431, 2471, 2767, &c.

Lax, n. S. [læx] salmon, 754, 1727.Laxes,pl.896. V. Spelm. and Somn. in v. Jamieson says, it was “formerly the only name by which this fish was known.” Cf. Dan. Sw. Icel.lax.

Layke,v.S. [lácan] to play, 1011.Leyke,Leyken, 469, 950, 997.Leykeden,pa. t. pl.played, 954. In the same sense the verb is found in P. Plowman, and Sevyn Sages, 1212. So in Sc. and N.E. V. Jam. v.Laik, Ray, Brockett, and Crav. Dial. v.Lake.

Leche,n.S. physician, 1836, 2057.

Led, a caldron, kettle, 924. Chauc. Prol. 202.

Lede, Leden,v.S. to lead, 245, &c;utlede, 89. Cf. 346, 379.Ledes,pr. t. 3 p.uses, carries, 2573.Ledde,pa. t.led, 1686.Ledden,pa. t. pl.led, 2451.

Lef,adj.S. agreeable, willing,lef and loth, 261, 440, 2273, 2313, 2379, 2775. A very usual phrase.SeeBeowulf, l. 1026. Chauc. C. T. 1839. R. Hood,I.41.Leue, 431, 909. Sir Tr. p. 187. K. Horn, 949, &c.Leuere,comp.more agreeable, rather, 1193, 1423, 1671, &c.Lef, used as adv. willingly, in the phrase “Ye! lef, ye!” = yes, willingly, yes, 2606; cf. l. 1888.

Leidest.SeeLeyn.

Leite,adj.S. light, 2441.

Leme,n.S. limb, 2555.Lime, 1409.Limes, pl. 86.

Leman,n.S. mistress, lover, 1191.Lemman, 1283, 1312, 1322. Used by all the old writers, and applied equally to either sex.

Lende,v.S. to land, 733. Sir Tr. p. 13. R. Br.SeeJam. in v.Leind.

Lene,v.S. [leanian] to lend, grant, 2072.

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