Chapter 17

I sallenethe her mi ring.Yw. and Gaw.737.Lenge,n.the fish calledling, 832. [Asellus longus, orIslandicus, Ray.] It was a common dish formerly. Thus we haveLynge in jelly, in Archb. Nevil’s Feast, 6 Edw. IV., andLyng in foyle, in Warham’s Feast, 1504.SeePegge’sForm of Cury, p. 177, 184, and MS. Sloane, 1986.Lenge,v.S. to prolong, 1734, 2363. P. Plowm.Leoun,n.Lat. lion, 573.Leun, 1867.Lepe,v.S. escape from (?) 2009.Loupe, to leap, 1801.Lep,pa. t.leapt, 891, 1777, 1942.Lopen,pa. t. pl.1896, 2616.Lere, Leren,v.S. to learn, 797, 823; to teach, 2592.Y-lere, 12.Lese, v. S.imp. s. 3 p.loose, 333. Sir Tr. p. 110.Leth.SeeLate.Lette,v.S. [lǽtan,lettan] to hinder, retard, 1164, 2253, 2819; to stop, cease, 2445, 2627.Let,pa. t.stopped, stayed, 2447, 2500.Leten,pa. t. pl.stopped, delayed, 2379.Leue,n.S. leave, 1387, 1626, 2952, &c.Leue,adj.SeeLef.Leue,v.S. [lýfan]imp. s.grant, 334, 406, 2807. K. Horn, 465, MS.; R. Gl., Erle of Tol. 365. Guy of Warw. ap. Ellis, M. R. V. 2, p. 77, where it is misprintedlene. It is very frequently used in the old Engl. Metrical Lives of the Saints, MS. Laud, 108. [The true distinction betweenleueandleneis, that the former is the A.S.lýfan, G.erlauben= grant in the sense ofallow,permit, and is invariably intransitive; whilstleneis the A.S.lænan, G.leihen= grant in the sense ofgive. The confusion between the senses ofgranthas led to confusion betweenleneandleue, and in at least five passages of Chaucer (C. T. 7226, 13613; Tro. ii. 1212, iii. 56, v. 1749, ed. Tyrwhitt) many editions wrongly havelene. In the last three instances Tyrwhitt rightly printsleve, but unnecessarily corrects himself in his Glossary. I regret to add that I have thrice made a similar mistake. In Piers Plowman, A. v. 263, and in Pierce the Ploughman’s Crede, ll. 366 and 573, forlenereadleue. Halliwell’s remark, that “the [former] editor of Havelok absurdly printsleue” is founded upon the same misconception, and he is wrong in his censure.Seethe use oflefein the Ormulum, ed. White.]Leued,pa. t.S. left, 225.Leuedi,n.S. lady, 171, &c.Leuedyes,pl.239. V. Hickes, Diss. Ep. p. 52, n.Leuere.SeeLef.Leues,pr. t. 3 p.S. believes, 1781, 2105. Fromlefan.Leuin,n.S. lightning, 2690. R. Br. p. 174. Yw. and Gaw. Chauc. C. T. 5858. Doug. Virg. 200, 53.Lewe,adj.S. warm, 498, 2921.A opened wes his breoste,þa blod com forðluke.Laȝam.l. 27556.Leyd, Leyde.SeeLeyn.Leye,n.S. lie, falsehood, 2117.Leve,v.S. to lie, speak false, 2010.Leyke, Leyken.SeeLayke.Leyk,n.S. game, 1021, 2326. So in Beowulf, l. 2084,sweorda-gelác, and Sir Tr. p. 118,love-laike. In the pl.laykes, Minot, p. 10. In Lanc. a player is still called alaker.Leyn,v.S. to lay, 718.Leyde,pa. t.laid, 50, 994, &c.; stopped, 229.Leidest,pa. t. 2 p.laidest, 636.Leyden,pa. t. pl.laid, 1907.Leyd,part. pa.laid, 1689, 1722, 2839.Lich,adj.like, 2155.Lict, Lith,n.S. light, 534, 576, 588, &c.Lift,adj.S. left (lævus), 2130.Ligge, Liggen,v.S. to lie down, 802, 876, 882, 1374.SeeLyen.Lime, Limes.SeeLeme.Lite,adj.S. little, 276, 1730.Litel, 1858, &c.Litle, 2014.Lith.SeeLict.Lith,imp.S. light (thou), 585.Lith,adv.S. lightly, 1942.Lith,n.S. alleviation, comfort, peace, 1338.Lyþe, 147. It also occurs as a sb. in Laȝam. l. 5213. As an adj. it occurs in Laȝam. l. 7242. Sir Tr. p. 43, 82. R. Cœur de L. 2480, and Emare, 348, from the v.líðian, alleviare. Cf. Icel.lið, sometimes used to meanhelp. SeeLeathein Atkinson’s Cleveland Glossary.Lith,n.S. 2515. This word is explained by Ritsonplains, by Hearnetenements, and by Jamieson aridgeorascent. Its real signification seems unknown, but may be conjectured from the following passages.No asked he lond nolithe.Sir Tristr.p. 101.Ther wille not be went, ne lete ther lond nelith.R. Brunne, p. 194.where it answers to the Fr. Ne volent lesser tere netenement.Who schall us now geve londes orlythe.Le Bone Flor.841.Here I gif Schir Galeron, quod Gaynour, withouten ony gile,Al the londis and thelithisfro laver to layre.Sir Gaw. and Sir Gal.ii. 27.[SeeGlossary toWilliam of Palerne, s.v.Lud.]Lithes,n. pl.S. the extreme points of the toes, or articulations, 2163.Fingres lith, extremum digiti, Luc. 16, 24.Liþes,imp. pl.S. listen, 1400, 2204.Lyþes, 2576. The verb in the Sax. ishlystan, but in Su.-G.lyda, and Isl.hlyda, which approaches nearer to the form in the poem. So also in K. Horn, 2,wilen lithe, MS.; R. Br. p. 93; R. Hood,I.p. 2; Minot, p. 1. Still used in Sc. and N.E. V. Jam. and Brockett.Littene,part. pa.[orinf.?] 2701. “Qu.cut in pieces, from the same root as tolith, divide the joints. V. Jam. Suppl.” —M. [Or it may mean disgraced, wounded, defeated. Cf. Su.-Goth.lyta, to wound; Icel.lyta, to disgrace; Sw.lyte, a defect,litt, deformed; Dan.lyde, a blemish.]Liue,n.S.dat. c.life, 232;brouth of liue, dead, 513, 2129. K. Horn, 188.Of liue do, kill, 1805.Liues,gen. c. as adv.alive, 509, 1003, 1307, 1919, 2854.SeeOn-liue.Liuen,v.S. to live, 355.Liuede,Liueden,pa. t. pl.lived, 1299, 2044.Lof,n.S. loaf, 653.Loke, Loken,v.S. to look after, take care of, to behold, 376, 2136.Lokes,pr. t. 2 p.lookest, 2726.Loke,imp.look, 1680, 1712.Lokes,imp. pl.look ye, 2240, 2292, 2300, 2579, 2812.Lokede,pa. t.looked, 679, 1041.Loken, Lokene,part. pa.S. fastened, locked, closed, 429, 1957. So in the Const. Othonis, Tit.de habitu Clericorum; “In mensura decenti habeant vestes, etcappis clausisutuntur in sacris ordinibus constituti.” V. Spelm. in v.Cappa clausa. So also in theAncren Riwle, fol. 17— “gif he haues a wid hod and alokincape, &c.”The reference to the Ancren Riwle is to MS. Titus D 18, fol. 17; cf. the edition by Morton (Camd. Soc. 1853), p. 56.Lond, Londe,n.S. land, 64, 721, &c.Lon, 340.Long,adj.S. tall, 987, 1063. So K. Horn, 100.Longes,pr. t. 3 p.S. belongs, 396. R. Br., Chauc., &c.Lopen.SeeLepe.Loth,adj.S. loath, unwilling, 261, 440, &c.SeeLef.Louede,pa. t.S. loved, 71.Loueden,pa. t. pl.955.Louerd,n.S. lord, master, 96, 483, &c.Lowerd, 621.Louerdinges,n. pl.S. lordings, masters, 515, 1401.SeeNote in Warton’s Hist. Engl. Poet. V.I.p. 19. Ed. 1840.Loupe.SeeLepe.Low,pa. t.S. laughed, 903. K. Horn, 1502.Lowen,pa. t. pl.1056.Lowe,n.S. [hlæw] hill, 1291, 1699. Rits. M. R., Web., &c. V. Jam. and Brockett’s Gl. v.Lawe.Luue,n.S. love, 195. [Luue-druryeseems here to be a compound word, meaninglove-courtship.Lufe-drowriealso = love-token,Lyndesay’s Sq. Meldrum, 1003.SeeDrurye.]Lyen,v.S. to lie (in bed), 2134.Leyen,pt. pl.lay, 475.Lyþe.SeeLith.MMaght, Mait.SeeMowe.Make,n.S. mate, companion, wife, 1150. K. Horn, 1427. K. Alisaund. 3314. Le Bone Flor. 881. Chauc. Sc.Maik.V. Jam.Maken,v.S. to make, 29, &c.Make, 676.Makeden,pa. t. pl.made, 554.I-maked,part. pa.made, 5.Male,n.Fr. a budget, bag, wallet, 48. Laȝamon, l. 3543. Web., Chauc., R. Hood.Malisun,n.Fr. malediction, curse, 426. Sir Tr. p. 179.Manred, Manrede,n.S. homage, fealty, 484, 2172, 2180, 2248, 2265, 2312, 2774, 2816, 2847, 2850. Leg. of S. Gregori, ap. Leyd. Compl. of Scotl.SeeJam. for further examples.Marz,n.Lat. March, 2559.Maugre, Fr. in spite of, 1128, 1789.SeeTyrwh. Gl. to Chauc. and Jam. in v.Maydnes,n. pl.S. maidens, 467, 2222.Mayster,n.Fr. master, 1135; chief, 2028, 2385.Mayt, Mayth.SeeMowe.Mede,n.S. reward, 102, 685, 1635, 2402.Mele,n.S. oat-meal, 780.Mele,v.Fr. to contend in battle, 2059. Gaw. and Gol. ii. 18.Mellay, Wynt. viii. 15, 19. V. Jam.Meme, 2201,probably miswritten forneme;seeNime.Men (used with a sing. vb. like the Fr.on), men, people, 390, 647, 2610.Mene,v.S. to mean, signify, 2114.Menes,pr. t. 3 p.means, 597.Menie,n.Fr. family, 827.Meynie, 834. This word is to be found from the time of Laȝamon to Shakespeare. Jamieson attempts to derive it from the North. V. in v.Menzie. Seemaisniein Roquefort.Mere,n.S. mare, 2449, 2478, 2504.Messe,n.Fr. Lat. the service of the mass, 243, 1176.Messe-bok, mass-book, 186, 391, 2710.Messe-gere, all the apparel, &c., pertaining to the service of the mass, 188, 389, 1078, 2217.Mest,adj. sup.S. greatest, 233.Moste, 1287; tallest, 983.Mester,n.Fr. trade, 823. K. Horn (ed. Lumby), 229.Met,pp.S. dreamt, 1285.Mete,n.S. meat, 459, &c.Metes,pl.1733.Meynie.SeeMenie.Michel,adj.S. much, 510, 660.Mik, 2342.Mike, 960 (cf. Horn Childe, ap. Rits. V. 3, 292), 1744, 1761, 2336.Mikel, 122, 478, &c.Micte, Micten, Micthe, Mithe, Mithest, Mithen.SeeMowe.Micth,n.S. might, power, 35.Middelerd,n.S. the earth, world, 2244.Middelærd, Laȝam., Rits., Web., R. Gl., Minot, &c. So in Sc. V. Jam.Mik, Mike, Mikel.SeeMichel.Milce,n.S. [mildse] mercy, 1361. A! me do þinemilce, Laȝam. l. 4681; R. Gl. It is usually coupled withore.Milne-hous.SeeHus.Mirke,adj.S. dark, 404. R. Br., Lynds.;merke, Chauc. Still used in Sc. and N.E. V. Jam.Misdede,pa. t.S. did amiss, 337; injured, 992, 1371.Misdo,part. pa.misdone, offended, 2798.Misferde,pa. t.S. behaved, or proceeded ill, 1869.SeeFaren.Misgos,pr. t. 2 p.S. goest or behavest amiss, 2707.Misseyd,part. pa.S. spoken to reproachfully, 1688.Mithe, Mythe,v.S. [miðan] to conceal, hide, dissemble, 652, 948, 1278. Sche might no lengermithe. Horn Childe, ap. Rits. M. R. V. 3, p. 310.Mixed,adj.vile, base, 2533. From S.myx, fimus. Cf.MixinWilliam of Palerne.Mo,adj. comp.S. more, 1742, 1846.Mod,n.S. mood, humour, 1703.Moder,n.S. mother, 974, 1388, &c.Mone,n.S. moon, 373, 403.Mone,n.S. mind, say, opinion, 816. Cf. A.S.myne,monian,monung; Icel.munr. Hence, tomone, torelate, R. Cœur de L. 4636, and toanimadvert, in Barbour. It appears to express the Fr. phrasepar le mien escient, K. Horn, 467, MS. Douce. In nearly the same sensemonemay be found in K. Alisaund. 1281, R. Gl. pp. 281, 293. Cf. ll. 1711, 1972.Mone,v. pl.[Isl.mun] must, 840.Maun, Sc.Mun, Yorksh. Cumb. V. Jam.Morwen,n.S. morning, 811, 1131, 2669, &c.To-morwen, 530, 810.Amorwe, Sir Tr., K. Horn.Moste.SeeMest.Mote,v.S. may, 19, 406, 1743, 2545.Moten,pl.18.Moun.SeeMowe.Mowe,v.S.pres. sing.may, be able, 175, 394, 675.Mowen,pl.11.Moun, 460, 2587.Mait,pr. t. 2 p.mayest, 689.Mayt, 845, 852, 1219.Mayth, 641.Maght,pa. t. 2 p. s.mightest, 1348.Mithe,Mithest, 855, 1218.Micte,Micthe,Mithe,pa. t. 3 p.might, 42, 233, 1030, 1080.Mouchte,Moucte,Moucthe,Mouthe,Mowcte, 145, 356, 376, &c.Micte,Micten,Mithen,pl.232, 516, 1929, 2017.Mouhte,Mouthe,Mouthen, 1183, 2019, 2039, 2328, 2330, &c. V. Pegge’s Anecd. of Engl. Lang. p. iii.NNa,adv.S. no, 2363, 2530.Nam.SeeNime.Nayles,n. pl.S. nails, 2163.Ne,adv.S. nor, 44, &c.Nede,n.S. need, necessity, 9, &c.Nedes,pl.1092.Neme.SeeNime.Ner,adv.S. near, 990, 1949.Nese,n.S. nose, 2450.Nesh,adj.S. [nesc] soft, tender, 2743.Neys, 217. Web., Rits. M. R., Rob. Br., Chauc. Still used in N.W. part of England.Neth,n.S. net, 752, 808, 1026;pl.netes, 783.Neth,n.S. neat, cattle, 700, 1222.Netes,g. c.neat’s, 781.Neþeles,conj.S. nevertheless, 1108, 1658.Neue,n.S. fist, 2405.Neues,pl.1917. V. Jam.Neure,adv.S. not, never, 80, 672;neuere a polk, ne’er a pool, 2685.Neuere kines, of no kind, 2691.Ney.adv.nigh, near to, nearly, 464, 640, 2619.Neys.SeeNesh.Neyþer, Neþe,pron.S. neither, not either, 458, 764, 2970, &c.Noþer, 2623.Noyþer, 2697.Newhen,v.S. [nehwan] to approach, 1866. In the more recent form toneighit is used in several of the old Romances, Chauc., and Minot.Nicht, Nicth,n.S. night, 533, 575.Niht, 2669.Nith, 404, 1247, 1754.Nithes,g. c.of night, 2100.Nihtes,nithes,pl.2353;nihtes, 2999.Nime,v.S.pr. s.take,orgo, 1931.Nim,imp.take, 1336.Nam,pa. t.took, 900; went, 2930.Neme,pl.went, 1207; cf. l. 2201.Nomen, took, 2790.Nomen,Numen,part. pa.taken, 2265, 2581.Nimes,imp. pl.go ye, 2594;nime, go we, 2600. In the first sense this verb is common in all the Glossaries, but in the latter senseTo goit occurs nowhere but in the Gl. to Rob. Brunne, who, from being a Lincolnshire man, approaches nearer to the language of the present poem than any other writer. [In N.E. tonimis to walk with quick, short steps.]Nis,forNe is, is not, 462, 1998, 2244.Nither-tale,n.S. night-time, 2025.SeeChaucer, Prol. l. 97.Noblelike,adv.S. nobly, 2640.Nok,n.[Belg.nock] nook, corner, 820;nouth a ferthinges nok, not the value of a farthing. The same phr. is in theManuel des Pechésof Rob. of Brunne, MS. Harl. 1701, fol. 39.Nomen.SeeNime.Non,adj.S. no, 518, 685, 1019; no one, 934, 974.Note,n.S. a nut, 419.Nouthe, 1332.Noþer.SeeNeyþer.Nou,adv.S. now, 328, 1362, &c.Nu, 2421, 2460, 2650, &c.Nout, Nouth, Nouht,n.oradv.S. not, naught, nothing, not at all, 249, 505, 566, 648, 1733, 2051, 2822.Nowt,Nowth, 770, 2168, 2737.Nouthe.SeeNote.Noyþer.SeeNeyþer.Nu.SeeNou.Numen.SeeNime.Nytte.v.S. make use of, require for use, 941. A.S.nyttian,neotan, G.nützen, Du.nutten.OO.SeeOn.Of,prep.S. off, 130, 216, 603, 857, 1850, 2444, 2626, 2676, 2751, &c.Of londe, out of the land, 2599. Sir Tr.Offe,prep.S. of, 435.Of, 436.Offrende, Dan. Fr. offering, 1386.Ofte,adv.S. often, 226, &c.Ok.SeeEk.On,adj.S. one, 425, 1800, 2028, 2263, &c.On,inBut on.SeeBut.On,prep.S. in, on.On liue, 281, 363, 694, 793 &c.O liue, 2865.On two, 471, 1823, 2730, in two;a two, 1413, 2643.O londe, 763, on,orin land.On knes, 1211,1302, 2710, on knees;o knes, 2252, 2796.On brenne, 1239, in flame, on fire.O nith, 1251, in the night.On nithes, 2048.O worde, 1349, in the world (seeWerd).O mani wise, 1713, in many a manner.On gamen, 1716, in sport.On lesse hwile, 1830, in less time.O bok, 2307, 2311, on the book.Wel o bon, 2355, 2525, 2571, strong of body.Iuele o bone, 2505, lean.On hunting, 2382.O stede, 2549, on steed.Up-o the dogges, 2596, on the dogs. From these examples, added to those which occur in every Glossary, it is evident the Sax. prep.Onwas subsequently corrupted toOandA.SeeTyrwh. and Jam.A nychtin Barb. xix. 657, explained by the latteronenight, is according to the above ruleIn the night, as confirmed by l. 1251. Sir Tr. pp. 47, 114. R. Glouc.One,adj.S. alone, singly, 815, 936, 1153, 1710, 1742, 1973, 2433.There hue wonede alone.K. Horn, 80.SeeTyrwh. Gl., Chauc. v.On.Ones,adv.S. once, 1295.Onfrest,v.delay, 1337. From Su.-G.fresta, to delay, A.S.firstan, from Su.-Goth.frestorfrist, A.S.fyrst, a space of time. Cf. Dan. and Sw.first, a truce.Frest, delay, Barb. vii. 447.Onlepi.SeeAnilepi.Onne,prep.S. on, 347, 1940.Onon,adv.S. anon, speedily, 136, 447, 1964, 2790.Ontil,prep.S. unto, for, 761.Or,adv.S. previously, before, 728, 1043, 1356, 1688, &c.Or outh longe, 1789, before any long time.Ore,n.S. favour, grace, mercy, 153, 211, 2443, 2797. Ich hadde of hire milse anore. Hule and Nihtingale, l. 1081. Sir Tr. p. 24. K. Horn (ed. Lumby), 1509.SeeTyrwhitt’s Note on Chauc. C. T. 3724, and Ritson’s Note, Metr. Rom. V. iii. p. 263. A.S.ár.Ore,n.S. oar, 718, 1871, &c.Ores,pl.711.OsedforHosed, 971.Oth,n.S. oath, 2009, 2272, &c.Oþes,pl.2013, 2231, &c.OþeforOþer, 861, 1986, 2970.Oþer,conj.S. either, or, 94, 674, 787, &c.SeeAyther.Oþer,adj.S. [alter] the other of two, second, 879.þe oþer day, 1755, the following day.Day hit is igon &oþer,Wiþute sail & roþer.K. Horn, ed. Lumby, 187.So also R. Br. p. 169, and Wynt.Oþer,adj.S. [alius] other, 2490.Oþre,pl.others, 1784, 2413, 2416.Ouer-fare,v.S. to pass over, cease, 2063.SeeFare.Ouer-go,v.S. to be disregarded, 2220.Ouer-gange,v.S. to get the superiority over, 2587.Ouer-þwert,adv.S. across, 2822.Ouerthuert, R. Br. p. 241.Overtwert, Ly Beaus Desc. 1017.Overthwarte, Syr Eglamore, B. iii. Chauc. C. T. 1993.Oune,adj.S. own, 375, 2428.Oure,n.bank, shore, 321. G.ufer. A.S.ófer. Cf. “to þan castle of Deoure on þere sæoure.”Laȝamon, l. 31117.Outh,n.S. [awiht] any space of time, aught, 1189; cf. l. 1789; anything, 703. [Outh douthe= was worth anything, was of any value.]PPalefrey,n.Fr. saddle-horse, 2060.SeeGl. on Chauc. in v. Pegge’s Anec. Engl. Lang. p. 289.Pappes,n. pl.Lat. breasts, 2132.Parred,part. pa.confined, fastened in, barred in, 2439. We have met with this word only in one instance, where Ritson leaves it unexplained.Yn al this [tyme] was sir YwaynFul straitlyparredwith mekil payn.Yw. and Gaw.3227.[It is undoubtedly equivalent to O.E.sperre, orspere. Halliwell, s.v.Parred, quotes “ȝe areparredin . . . ȝe are sosperedin.” So, too, the Ital.sbarrais the Fr.barre. Cf. A.S.sparran, O.N.sperra, Sc.spar. Hence the derivation ofpark, O.E.parrock, an enclosure.]Pastees,n. pl.Fr. pasties, patés, 644.Ther beth bowris and halles,Al ofpasteiisbeth the walles.Land of Cokaygne, MS. Harl. 913, f. 5.Pateyn,n.Lat. the Plate used in the service of the Mass, 187.Paþe,n.S. path, road, 2381, 2390.Paþes,pl.268.Patriark,n.Lat. patriarch, 428.Payed,part. pa.Fr. satisfied, content, 184. Rits. M. R., Web., R. Gl., R. Br.Apaied, Chauc.Pelle,v.drive forth (intr.), hurry forth, 810. Deriv. uncertain, unless it be connected with Lat.pello, Eng.impel.Cf. Eng.pelt.Peni,n.S. penny, 705, 2147.Penies,pl.776, 1172.Per,n.Fr. peer, equal, 989, 2241, 2792.Pike,v.to pitch (used passively), 707. Teut.pecken, Lat.picare. The verb in Saxon is not extant, but only the n.pic.Pine,n.S. pain, grief, 405, 540, 1374. Sir Tr. p. 12. V. Jam.Pine,v.S. to grieve, 1958.Plat.SeePlette.Plattinde,part. pr.tramping along, moving noisilyorhurriedly, 2282. From the beating noise of the feet, like Sc.platch(q.v. in Jam.).SeePlette.Plawe,v.S. to play, 950.Pleye, 951.Playces,n. pl.plaice, 896.Pleinte,n.Fr. complaint, 134.Pleynte, 2961.Plette,v.S. [plæettian] to strike, 2444.Plat,pa. t.struck, 2755.Plette, 2626;pl. plette, hurried, moved noisily, 2613. [Cf.Plattinde, and note the double use of Sc.skelp, to beat, to hurry, and O.E.strike, to beat, to move along.]Plith,n.S. [pliht] harm, 1370, 2002. Laȝam. l. 3897.Poke,n.S. a bag, 555, 769.Pokes,pl.780.Poles,n. pl.S. pools, ponds of water, 2101.Polk,n.S. pool, puddle, 2685.Pow, Sir Tr. p. 171.Pulk, Somersetsh.Pouere, Poure,adj.Fr. poor, 58, 101, 2457, &c.Pourelike,adv.poorly, 323.Prangled,part. pa.compressed, 639. Cf. Du.prangen, to pinch; Dan.prange Seil, to crowd sail.Preie,pr. t.S. pray, 1440.Prey,imp.pray (thou), 1343.Preide,pa. t.prayed, 209.Prest,n.S. priest, 429, 1829.Prestes,pl.2583.Priken,v.S. to spur a horse, ride briskly, 2639.Prud,adj.S. proud, 302.Pulten,pa. t. pl.so reads the MS. l. 1023, instead ofputten. Both have the same signification. So in the Romance ofRob. of Cecyle, Harl. MS. 1701, f. 94, c. 1,pulteoccurs forput, placed, andpyltin R. Cœur de L. 4085; pelte, Sir Tr. p. 95. In theimp.Pultforput,place, is used inHending the Hende, MS. Digb. 86. In the signification ofdrove forward, which is nearer to the sense we require, we findpyltein K. Horn, 1433, and R. Glouc. Hence the Engl. wordpelt.SeePutten. Cf.Pultin Gl. toWill. of Palerne.Pund,n. pl.S. pounds, 1633.Put,n.cast, throw, 1055.But, 1040.Putten,v.to cast, throw, propel forward, 1033, 1044.Puten, 1051.Putte,pa. t.cast, 1052.Putten,pa. t. pl.cast, threw, 1023, 1031, 1844. From the Fr.bouter, Teut.buitten, or Belg.botten, to drive or propel forward, or, as others suggest, from the Br.pwtiaw, which has the same meaning, or Isl.potta. From the same root are derived bothPutandBut. Thus tobuttin Sc. is to drive at a stone in curling, and toputin Yorksh. is to push with the horns. In the passage before us it is applied to a particular game, formerly in great repute.SeeNote on l. 1022. Cf. Ramsay’s Poems, ii. 106. The word is still retained in the North, and Sc. V. Jam. and Brockett. SeeButandPulten.Putting, Puttinge,n.casting, 1042, 1057, 2324.Pyment,n.B.L.spiced wine, 1728.SeeNote on l. 1726.QQual,n.S. [hwæl] whale or grampus, 753.SeeHwel.Quan, Quanne,adv.S. when, 134, 204, 240, &c.SeeHwan.Quath,pa. t.S. quoth, 606, 642, &c.Hwat, 1650, 1878.Wat, 595.Quod, 1888.Quodh, 1801.Quot, 1954, 2808.Couth, 2606.Queme,adj.S. agreeable, 130, 393. Web., Rits. M. R., Rob. Br., R. Glouc., Gower, Chauc.Quen,n.S. queen, 2760, 2783, &c.Quenes,pl.2982.Qui.SeeHwi.Quic, Quik,adj.S. alive, 612, 613, 1405, 2210, 2476, &c.,quik and ded. This is the usual language of the Inquisitiones post mortem, which commence at the early part of Henry III. reign. For the usage of the term,seeGl. to Sir Tr. p. 98. Yw. and Gaw. 668. Chron. of Engl. 762, &c. The word is preserved in the vulgar version of the Scriptures, and Creed.Quike, quick, alert, 1348.Al quic wede, 2641. Cf. l. 2387.Quiste,n.S. [cwide] bequest, will, 219, 365.Quede, K. Alisaund. 8020.Quod, Quodh, Quot.SeeQuath.RRadde.SeeRede.Ran.SeeRenne.Rang,adj.S. [ranc] perverse, rebellious, 2561.Rath,n.S. counsel; hence, an adviser, 75.Dat. c. rathe, in the phraseto rathe, 2542; for the meaning of which,seeRed.Raþe,adv.S. speedily, readily, quickly, 358, &c. (In l. 1335, I prefer considering it as a verb.)Rathe,v.S. [rædan] to advise, 1335. A provincial pronunciation ofRede. In l. 2817, it is still broader, “Yif ye it wilen and ekrothe.” In the same mannerRodeis spelt, and was undoubtedly pronouncedRothe, Ly Beaus Desc. 425, andAbodeis speltAbothe, ib. 1118. Cf. ll. 693, 1681, 2585, of the present poem, in all which instances thedinredehas the sound ofth.Recke,pr. t. subj.S. may reck, may care, 2047, 2511. Sir Tr. p. 124, &c.Red,n.S. advice, counsel, 180, 518, 826, 1194, 2871, &c.To rede, lit. for a counsel, i.e. advisable, 118, 693; speltto rathe, 2542.Rede,v.S. to direct, advise, 104, 148, 361, 687, &c.Radde,pa. t.advised, 1353. V. Jam. in v. and Hearne’s Gl. to R. Glouc.Reft, Refte, Reftes.SeeReue.Regne,pr. t. pl.Fr. Lat. reign, assume the superiority, 2586.Reng,Ring, Sc. V. Jam. in v.Renne,v.S. to run, 1161, 1904.Ran on blode,pa. t.432. So in Sir Tr. p. 176,His heued ran on blod; and in MS. Harl. 2253, f. 128,Lutel wot hit any mon hou loue hym haueth y-bounden,That for vs o the roderon, ant bohte vs with is wounde.Reue,n.S. magistrate, 1627.SeeGreyue.Reue, Reuen,v.S. [reafian] to take away, bereave, rob, 480, 2590, 2991.Refte,pa. t.took away, bereaved, 2223, 2485.Reftes,pa. t. 2 p.tookest away, 2394.Reft,part. pa.taken away, bereaved, 1367, 1672, 2483; spoiled, 2004. Still used in the North.Reures,n. pl.S. robbers, bereavers, 2104.Alle bacbiteres wendet to helle,Robberes &reueres& the monquelle.A lutel sermun, MS. Cal. A. ix. f. 246, b.V. Jam. in v.Reyffar.Reunesse, Rewnesse,n.S. compassion, 502, 2227.Rewe,v.S. to have pity, to compassionate, 497, 967.Rewede,pa. t.(impersonal) 503.Richelike,adv.S. richly, 421.Ricth, Ricthe.SeeRith,Rithe.Ricthwise,adj.S. [rihtwis] righteous, just, 37. Rits., Web. M. R., Rob. Br., Minot, Lynds., R. Hood. [MS.hasrirth wise.]Riden,v.S. to ride, 10, &c.Rig,n.S. back, 1775. So in Laȝam. l. 6718. Burne he warp onrigge.Rike,n.S. kingdom, 290.Heuene riche, 133, 407.SeeCunnriche.Rim, Rym,n.S. Fr. rhyme, poem, 21, 2995, 2998. So Chauc.Rime of Sire Thopas.[The modern false spellingrhymeis due to confusion of Eng.rimewith the Gk.rhythm.]Ringen,v.S. to ring, 242, 1106.Ringes,pr. t. sing.ring, 390.Rungen,part. pa.rung, 1132.Ringes,n. pl.S. rings of mail, 2740.SeeBrini.Rippe,n.fish-basket, 893. Hence aRippar, B. Lat.riparius, is a person who brings fish from the coast to sell in the interior. V. Spelm. in v. Nares prefers the etymology ofripa, but without reason.Ripis still provincial for an osier basket.SeeJam. and Moore. So also in a curious Latin and English Vocabulary, written out by Sire John Mendames, Parson of Bromenstrope [Broomsthorp, Co. Norf.] in the middle of the 15th cent., and now preserved in the valuable MSS. library of T. W. Coke, Esq.Cophinusis explainedA beryng lepe, orryppe, terms still retained in the county. Jam. gives Icel.hrip, a basket.Rith, Ricth,n.S. right, justice, inheritance, 36, 395, 1099, 1383, 2717.Rith,adj.S. right (dexter), 604, 1812, 2140, 2545, 2725.Rithe, Ricthe,adj.S. right (rectus), 772, 846, 1201, 2235, 2473.Rith, Rithe,adv.S. rightly, 420, 1701, 2611, &c.; exactly, just, 872, 2494, 2506.Ritte,v.to rip, make an incision, 2495.

I sallenethe her mi ring.

Yw. and Gaw.737.

Lenge,n.the fish calledling, 832. [Asellus longus, orIslandicus, Ray.] It was a common dish formerly. Thus we haveLynge in jelly, in Archb. Nevil’s Feast, 6 Edw. IV., andLyng in foyle, in Warham’s Feast, 1504.SeePegge’sForm of Cury, p. 177, 184, and MS. Sloane, 1986.

Lenge,v.S. to prolong, 1734, 2363. P. Plowm.

Leoun,n.Lat. lion, 573.Leun, 1867.

Lepe,v.S. escape from (?) 2009.Loupe, to leap, 1801.Lep,pa. t.leapt, 891, 1777, 1942.Lopen,pa. t. pl.1896, 2616.

Lere, Leren,v.S. to learn, 797, 823; to teach, 2592.Y-lere, 12.

Lese, v. S.imp. s. 3 p.loose, 333. Sir Tr. p. 110.

Leth.SeeLate.

Lette,v.S. [lǽtan,lettan] to hinder, retard, 1164, 2253, 2819; to stop, cease, 2445, 2627.Let,pa. t.stopped, stayed, 2447, 2500.Leten,pa. t. pl.stopped, delayed, 2379.

Leue,n.S. leave, 1387, 1626, 2952, &c.

Leue,adj.SeeLef.

Leue,v.S. [lýfan]imp. s.grant, 334, 406, 2807. K. Horn, 465, MS.; R. Gl., Erle of Tol. 365. Guy of Warw. ap. Ellis, M. R. V. 2, p. 77, where it is misprintedlene. It is very frequently used in the old Engl. Metrical Lives of the Saints, MS. Laud, 108. [The true distinction betweenleueandleneis, that the former is the A.S.lýfan, G.erlauben= grant in the sense ofallow,permit, and is invariably intransitive; whilstleneis the A.S.lænan, G.leihen= grant in the sense ofgive. The confusion between the senses ofgranthas led to confusion betweenleneandleue, and in at least five passages of Chaucer (C. T. 7226, 13613; Tro. ii. 1212, iii. 56, v. 1749, ed. Tyrwhitt) many editions wrongly havelene. In the last three instances Tyrwhitt rightly printsleve, but unnecessarily corrects himself in his Glossary. I regret to add that I have thrice made a similar mistake. In Piers Plowman, A. v. 263, and in Pierce the Ploughman’s Crede, ll. 366 and 573, forlenereadleue. Halliwell’s remark, that “the [former] editor of Havelok absurdly printsleue” is founded upon the same misconception, and he is wrong in his censure.Seethe use oflefein the Ormulum, ed. White.]

Leued,pa. t.S. left, 225.

Leuedi,n.S. lady, 171, &c.Leuedyes,pl.239. V. Hickes, Diss. Ep. p. 52, n.

Leuere.SeeLef.

Leues,pr. t. 3 p.S. believes, 1781, 2105. Fromlefan.

Leuin,n.S. lightning, 2690. R. Br. p. 174. Yw. and Gaw. Chauc. C. T. 5858. Doug. Virg. 200, 53.

Lewe,adj.S. warm, 498, 2921.

A opened wes his breoste,þa blod com forðluke.

A opened wes his breoste,

þa blod com forðluke.

Laȝam.l. 27556.

Leyd, Leyde.SeeLeyn.

Leye,n.S. lie, falsehood, 2117.

Leve,v.S. to lie, speak false, 2010.

Leyke, Leyken.SeeLayke.

Leyk,n.S. game, 1021, 2326. So in Beowulf, l. 2084,sweorda-gelác, and Sir Tr. p. 118,love-laike. In the pl.laykes, Minot, p. 10. In Lanc. a player is still called alaker.

Leyn,v.S. to lay, 718.Leyde,pa. t.laid, 50, 994, &c.; stopped, 229.Leidest,pa. t. 2 p.laidest, 636.Leyden,pa. t. pl.laid, 1907.Leyd,part. pa.laid, 1689, 1722, 2839.

Lich,adj.like, 2155.

Lict, Lith,n.S. light, 534, 576, 588, &c.

Lift,adj.S. left (lævus), 2130.

Ligge, Liggen,v.S. to lie down, 802, 876, 882, 1374.SeeLyen.

Lime, Limes.SeeLeme.

Lite,adj.S. little, 276, 1730.Litel, 1858, &c.Litle, 2014.

Lith.SeeLict.

Lith,imp.S. light (thou), 585.

Lith,adv.S. lightly, 1942.

Lith,n.S. alleviation, comfort, peace, 1338.Lyþe, 147. It also occurs as a sb. in Laȝam. l. 5213. As an adj. it occurs in Laȝam. l. 7242. Sir Tr. p. 43, 82. R. Cœur de L. 2480, and Emare, 348, from the v.líðian, alleviare. Cf. Icel.lið, sometimes used to meanhelp. SeeLeathein Atkinson’s Cleveland Glossary.

Lith,n.S. 2515. This word is explained by Ritsonplains, by Hearnetenements, and by Jamieson aridgeorascent. Its real signification seems unknown, but may be conjectured from the following passages.

No asked he lond nolithe.

Sir Tristr.p. 101.

Ther wille not be went, ne lete ther lond nelith.

R. Brunne, p. 194.

where it answers to the Fr. Ne volent lesser tere netenement.

Who schall us now geve londes orlythe.

Le Bone Flor.841.

Here I gif Schir Galeron, quod Gaynour, withouten ony gile,Al the londis and thelithisfro laver to layre.

Here I gif Schir Galeron, quod Gaynour, withouten ony gile,

Al the londis and thelithisfro laver to layre.

Sir Gaw. and Sir Gal.ii. 27.

[SeeGlossary toWilliam of Palerne, s.v.Lud.]

Lithes,n. pl.S. the extreme points of the toes, or articulations, 2163.Fingres lith, extremum digiti, Luc. 16, 24.

Liþes,imp. pl.S. listen, 1400, 2204.Lyþes, 2576. The verb in the Sax. ishlystan, but in Su.-G.lyda, and Isl.hlyda, which approaches nearer to the form in the poem. So also in K. Horn, 2,wilen lithe, MS.; R. Br. p. 93; R. Hood,I.p. 2; Minot, p. 1. Still used in Sc. and N.E. V. Jam. and Brockett.

Littene,part. pa.[orinf.?] 2701. “Qu.cut in pieces, from the same root as tolith, divide the joints. V. Jam. Suppl.” —M. [Or it may mean disgraced, wounded, defeated. Cf. Su.-Goth.lyta, to wound; Icel.lyta, to disgrace; Sw.lyte, a defect,litt, deformed; Dan.lyde, a blemish.]

Liue,n.S.dat. c.life, 232;brouth of liue, dead, 513, 2129. K. Horn, 188.Of liue do, kill, 1805.Liues,gen. c. as adv.alive, 509, 1003, 1307, 1919, 2854.SeeOn-liue.

Liuen,v.S. to live, 355.Liuede,Liueden,pa. t. pl.lived, 1299, 2044.

Lof,n.S. loaf, 653.

Loke, Loken,v.S. to look after, take care of, to behold, 376, 2136.Lokes,pr. t. 2 p.lookest, 2726.Loke,imp.look, 1680, 1712.Lokes,imp. pl.look ye, 2240, 2292, 2300, 2579, 2812.Lokede,pa. t.looked, 679, 1041.

Loken, Lokene,part. pa.S. fastened, locked, closed, 429, 1957. So in the Const. Othonis, Tit.de habitu Clericorum; “In mensura decenti habeant vestes, etcappis clausisutuntur in sacris ordinibus constituti.” V. Spelm. in v.Cappa clausa. So also in theAncren Riwle, fol. 17— “gif he haues a wid hod and alokincape, &c.”

The reference to the Ancren Riwle is to MS. Titus D 18, fol. 17; cf. the edition by Morton (Camd. Soc. 1853), p. 56.

Lond, Londe,n.S. land, 64, 721, &c.Lon, 340.

Long,adj.S. tall, 987, 1063. So K. Horn, 100.

Longes,pr. t. 3 p.S. belongs, 396. R. Br., Chauc., &c.

Lopen.SeeLepe.

Loth,adj.S. loath, unwilling, 261, 440, &c.SeeLef.

Louede,pa. t.S. loved, 71.Loueden,pa. t. pl.955.

Louerd,n.S. lord, master, 96, 483, &c.Lowerd, 621.

Louerdinges,n. pl.S. lordings, masters, 515, 1401.SeeNote in Warton’s Hist. Engl. Poet. V.I.p. 19. Ed. 1840.

Loupe.SeeLepe.

Low,pa. t.S. laughed, 903. K. Horn, 1502.Lowen,pa. t. pl.1056.

Lowe,n.S. [hlæw] hill, 1291, 1699. Rits. M. R., Web., &c. V. Jam. and Brockett’s Gl. v.Lawe.

Luue,n.S. love, 195. [Luue-druryeseems here to be a compound word, meaninglove-courtship.Lufe-drowriealso = love-token,Lyndesay’s Sq. Meldrum, 1003.SeeDrurye.]

Lyen,v.S. to lie (in bed), 2134.Leyen,pt. pl.lay, 475.

Lyþe.SeeLith.

Maght, Mait.SeeMowe.

Make,n.S. mate, companion, wife, 1150. K. Horn, 1427. K. Alisaund. 3314. Le Bone Flor. 881. Chauc. Sc.Maik.V. Jam.

Maken,v.S. to make, 29, &c.Make, 676.Makeden,pa. t. pl.made, 554.I-maked,part. pa.made, 5.

Male,n.Fr. a budget, bag, wallet, 48. Laȝamon, l. 3543. Web., Chauc., R. Hood.

Malisun,n.Fr. malediction, curse, 426. Sir Tr. p. 179.

Manred, Manrede,n.S. homage, fealty, 484, 2172, 2180, 2248, 2265, 2312, 2774, 2816, 2847, 2850. Leg. of S. Gregori, ap. Leyd. Compl. of Scotl.SeeJam. for further examples.

Marz,n.Lat. March, 2559.

Maugre, Fr. in spite of, 1128, 1789.SeeTyrwh. Gl. to Chauc. and Jam. in v.

Maydnes,n. pl.S. maidens, 467, 2222.

Mayster,n.Fr. master, 1135; chief, 2028, 2385.

Mayt, Mayth.SeeMowe.

Mede,n.S. reward, 102, 685, 1635, 2402.

Mele,n.S. oat-meal, 780.

Mele,v.Fr. to contend in battle, 2059. Gaw. and Gol. ii. 18.Mellay, Wynt. viii. 15, 19. V. Jam.

Meme, 2201,probably miswritten forneme;seeNime.

Men (used with a sing. vb. like the Fr.on), men, people, 390, 647, 2610.

Mene,v.S. to mean, signify, 2114.Menes,pr. t. 3 p.means, 597.

Menie,n.Fr. family, 827.Meynie, 834. This word is to be found from the time of Laȝamon to Shakespeare. Jamieson attempts to derive it from the North. V. in v.Menzie. Seemaisniein Roquefort.

Mere,n.S. mare, 2449, 2478, 2504.

Messe,n.Fr. Lat. the service of the mass, 243, 1176.Messe-bok, mass-book, 186, 391, 2710.Messe-gere, all the apparel, &c., pertaining to the service of the mass, 188, 389, 1078, 2217.

Mest,adj. sup.S. greatest, 233.Moste, 1287; tallest, 983.

Mester,n.Fr. trade, 823. K. Horn (ed. Lumby), 229.

Met,pp.S. dreamt, 1285.

Mete,n.S. meat, 459, &c.Metes,pl.1733.

Meynie.SeeMenie.

Michel,adj.S. much, 510, 660.Mik, 2342.Mike, 960 (cf. Horn Childe, ap. Rits. V. 3, 292), 1744, 1761, 2336.Mikel, 122, 478, &c.

Micte, Micten, Micthe, Mithe, Mithest, Mithen.SeeMowe.

Micth,n.S. might, power, 35.

Middelerd,n.S. the earth, world, 2244.Middelærd, Laȝam., Rits., Web., R. Gl., Minot, &c. So in Sc. V. Jam.

Mik, Mike, Mikel.SeeMichel.

Milce,n.S. [mildse] mercy, 1361. A! me do þinemilce, Laȝam. l. 4681; R. Gl. It is usually coupled withore.

Milne-hous.SeeHus.

Mirke,adj.S. dark, 404. R. Br., Lynds.;merke, Chauc. Still used in Sc. and N.E. V. Jam.

Misdede,pa. t.S. did amiss, 337; injured, 992, 1371.Misdo,part. pa.misdone, offended, 2798.

Misferde,pa. t.S. behaved, or proceeded ill, 1869.SeeFaren.

Misgos,pr. t. 2 p.S. goest or behavest amiss, 2707.

Misseyd,part. pa.S. spoken to reproachfully, 1688.

Mithe, Mythe,v.S. [miðan] to conceal, hide, dissemble, 652, 948, 1278. Sche might no lengermithe. Horn Childe, ap. Rits. M. R. V. 3, p. 310.

Mixed,adj.vile, base, 2533. From S.myx, fimus. Cf.MixinWilliam of Palerne.

Mo,adj. comp.S. more, 1742, 1846.

Mod,n.S. mood, humour, 1703.

Moder,n.S. mother, 974, 1388, &c.

Mone,n.S. moon, 373, 403.

Mone,n.S. mind, say, opinion, 816. Cf. A.S.myne,monian,monung; Icel.munr. Hence, tomone, torelate, R. Cœur de L. 4636, and toanimadvert, in Barbour. It appears to express the Fr. phrasepar le mien escient, K. Horn, 467, MS. Douce. In nearly the same sensemonemay be found in K. Alisaund. 1281, R. Gl. pp. 281, 293. Cf. ll. 1711, 1972.

Mone,v. pl.[Isl.mun] must, 840.Maun, Sc.Mun, Yorksh. Cumb. V. Jam.

Morwen,n.S. morning, 811, 1131, 2669, &c.To-morwen, 530, 810.Amorwe, Sir Tr., K. Horn.

Moste.SeeMest.

Mote,v.S. may, 19, 406, 1743, 2545.Moten,pl.18.

Moun.SeeMowe.

Mowe,v.S.pres. sing.may, be able, 175, 394, 675.Mowen,pl.11.Moun, 460, 2587.Mait,pr. t. 2 p.mayest, 689.Mayt, 845, 852, 1219.Mayth, 641.Maght,pa. t. 2 p. s.mightest, 1348.Mithe,Mithest, 855, 1218.Micte,Micthe,Mithe,pa. t. 3 p.might, 42, 233, 1030, 1080.Mouchte,Moucte,Moucthe,Mouthe,Mowcte, 145, 356, 376, &c.Micte,Micten,Mithen,pl.232, 516, 1929, 2017.Mouhte,Mouthe,Mouthen, 1183, 2019, 2039, 2328, 2330, &c. V. Pegge’s Anecd. of Engl. Lang. p. iii.

Na,adv.S. no, 2363, 2530.

Nam.SeeNime.

Nayles,n. pl.S. nails, 2163.

Ne,adv.S. nor, 44, &c.

Nede,n.S. need, necessity, 9, &c.Nedes,pl.1092.

Neme.SeeNime.

Ner,adv.S. near, 990, 1949.

Nese,n.S. nose, 2450.

Nesh,adj.S. [nesc] soft, tender, 2743.Neys, 217. Web., Rits. M. R., Rob. Br., Chauc. Still used in N.W. part of England.

Neth,n.S. net, 752, 808, 1026;pl.netes, 783.

Neth,n.S. neat, cattle, 700, 1222.Netes,g. c.neat’s, 781.

Neþeles,conj.S. nevertheless, 1108, 1658.

Neue,n.S. fist, 2405.Neues,pl.1917. V. Jam.

Neure,adv.S. not, never, 80, 672;neuere a polk, ne’er a pool, 2685.Neuere kines, of no kind, 2691.

Ney.adv.nigh, near to, nearly, 464, 640, 2619.

Neys.SeeNesh.

Neyþer, Neþe,pron.S. neither, not either, 458, 764, 2970, &c.Noþer, 2623.Noyþer, 2697.

Newhen,v.S. [nehwan] to approach, 1866. In the more recent form toneighit is used in several of the old Romances, Chauc., and Minot.

Nicht, Nicth,n.S. night, 533, 575.Niht, 2669.Nith, 404, 1247, 1754.Nithes,g. c.of night, 2100.Nihtes,nithes,pl.2353;nihtes, 2999.

Nime,v.S.pr. s.take,orgo, 1931.Nim,imp.take, 1336.Nam,pa. t.took, 900; went, 2930.Neme,pl.went, 1207; cf. l. 2201.Nomen, took, 2790.Nomen,Numen,part. pa.taken, 2265, 2581.Nimes,imp. pl.go ye, 2594;nime, go we, 2600. In the first sense this verb is common in all the Glossaries, but in the latter senseTo goit occurs nowhere but in the Gl. to Rob. Brunne, who, from being a Lincolnshire man, approaches nearer to the language of the present poem than any other writer. [In N.E. tonimis to walk with quick, short steps.]

Nis,forNe is, is not, 462, 1998, 2244.

Nither-tale,n.S. night-time, 2025.SeeChaucer, Prol. l. 97.

Noblelike,adv.S. nobly, 2640.

Nok,n.[Belg.nock] nook, corner, 820;nouth a ferthinges nok, not the value of a farthing. The same phr. is in theManuel des Pechésof Rob. of Brunne, MS. Harl. 1701, fol. 39.

Nomen.SeeNime.

Non,adj.S. no, 518, 685, 1019; no one, 934, 974.

Note,n.S. a nut, 419.Nouthe, 1332.

Noþer.SeeNeyþer.

Nou,adv.S. now, 328, 1362, &c.Nu, 2421, 2460, 2650, &c.

Nout, Nouth, Nouht,n.oradv.S. not, naught, nothing, not at all, 249, 505, 566, 648, 1733, 2051, 2822.Nowt,Nowth, 770, 2168, 2737.

Nouthe.SeeNote.

Noyþer.SeeNeyþer.

Nu.SeeNou.

Numen.SeeNime.

Nytte.v.S. make use of, require for use, 941. A.S.nyttian,neotan, G.nützen, Du.nutten.

O.SeeOn.

Of,prep.S. off, 130, 216, 603, 857, 1850, 2444, 2626, 2676, 2751, &c.Of londe, out of the land, 2599. Sir Tr.

Offe,prep.S. of, 435.Of, 436.

Offrende, Dan. Fr. offering, 1386.

Ofte,adv.S. often, 226, &c.

Ok.SeeEk.

On,adj.S. one, 425, 1800, 2028, 2263, &c.

On,inBut on.SeeBut.

On,prep.S. in, on.On liue, 281, 363, 694, 793 &c.O liue, 2865.On two, 471, 1823, 2730, in two;a two, 1413, 2643.O londe, 763, on,orin land.On knes, 1211,1302, 2710, on knees;o knes, 2252, 2796.On brenne, 1239, in flame, on fire.O nith, 1251, in the night.On nithes, 2048.O worde, 1349, in the world (seeWerd).O mani wise, 1713, in many a manner.On gamen, 1716, in sport.On lesse hwile, 1830, in less time.O bok, 2307, 2311, on the book.Wel o bon, 2355, 2525, 2571, strong of body.Iuele o bone, 2505, lean.On hunting, 2382.O stede, 2549, on steed.Up-o the dogges, 2596, on the dogs. From these examples, added to those which occur in every Glossary, it is evident the Sax. prep.Onwas subsequently corrupted toOandA.SeeTyrwh. and Jam.A nychtin Barb. xix. 657, explained by the latteronenight, is according to the above ruleIn the night, as confirmed by l. 1251. Sir Tr. pp. 47, 114. R. Glouc.

One,adj.S. alone, singly, 815, 936, 1153, 1710, 1742, 1973, 2433.

There hue wonede alone.

K. Horn, 80.

SeeTyrwh. Gl., Chauc. v.On.

Ones,adv.S. once, 1295.

Onfrest,v.delay, 1337. From Su.-G.fresta, to delay, A.S.firstan, from Su.-Goth.frestorfrist, A.S.fyrst, a space of time. Cf. Dan. and Sw.first, a truce.Frest, delay, Barb. vii. 447.

Onlepi.SeeAnilepi.

Onne,prep.S. on, 347, 1940.

Onon,adv.S. anon, speedily, 136, 447, 1964, 2790.

Ontil,prep.S. unto, for, 761.

Or,adv.S. previously, before, 728, 1043, 1356, 1688, &c.Or outh longe, 1789, before any long time.

Ore,n.S. favour, grace, mercy, 153, 211, 2443, 2797. Ich hadde of hire milse anore. Hule and Nihtingale, l. 1081. Sir Tr. p. 24. K. Horn (ed. Lumby), 1509.SeeTyrwhitt’s Note on Chauc. C. T. 3724, and Ritson’s Note, Metr. Rom. V. iii. p. 263. A.S.ár.

Ore,n.S. oar, 718, 1871, &c.Ores,pl.711.

OsedforHosed, 971.

Oth,n.S. oath, 2009, 2272, &c.Oþes,pl.2013, 2231, &c.

OþeforOþer, 861, 1986, 2970.

Oþer,conj.S. either, or, 94, 674, 787, &c.SeeAyther.

Oþer,adj.S. [alter] the other of two, second, 879.þe oþer day, 1755, the following day.

Day hit is igon &oþer,Wiþute sail & roþer.

Day hit is igon &oþer,

Wiþute sail & roþer.

K. Horn, ed. Lumby, 187.

So also R. Br. p. 169, and Wynt.

Oþer,adj.S. [alius] other, 2490.Oþre,pl.others, 1784, 2413, 2416.

Ouer-fare,v.S. to pass over, cease, 2063.SeeFare.

Ouer-go,v.S. to be disregarded, 2220.

Ouer-gange,v.S. to get the superiority over, 2587.

Ouer-þwert,adv.S. across, 2822.Ouerthuert, R. Br. p. 241.Overtwert, Ly Beaus Desc. 1017.Overthwarte, Syr Eglamore, B. iii. Chauc. C. T. 1993.

Oune,adj.S. own, 375, 2428.

Oure,n.bank, shore, 321. G.ufer. A.S.ófer. Cf. “to þan castle of Deoure on þere sæoure.”Laȝamon, l. 31117.

Outh,n.S. [awiht] any space of time, aught, 1189; cf. l. 1789; anything, 703. [Outh douthe= was worth anything, was of any value.]

Palefrey,n.Fr. saddle-horse, 2060.SeeGl. on Chauc. in v. Pegge’s Anec. Engl. Lang. p. 289.

Pappes,n. pl.Lat. breasts, 2132.

Parred,part. pa.confined, fastened in, barred in, 2439. We have met with this word only in one instance, where Ritson leaves it unexplained.

Yn al this [tyme] was sir YwaynFul straitlyparredwith mekil payn.

Yn al this [tyme] was sir Ywayn

Ful straitlyparredwith mekil payn.

Yw. and Gaw.3227.

[It is undoubtedly equivalent to O.E.sperre, orspere. Halliwell, s.v.Parred, quotes “ȝe areparredin . . . ȝe are sosperedin.” So, too, the Ital.sbarrais the Fr.barre. Cf. A.S.sparran, O.N.sperra, Sc.spar. Hence the derivation ofpark, O.E.parrock, an enclosure.]

Pastees,n. pl.Fr. pasties, patés, 644.

Ther beth bowris and halles,Al ofpasteiisbeth the walles.

Ther beth bowris and halles,

Al ofpasteiisbeth the walles.

Land of Cokaygne, MS. Harl. 913, f. 5.

Pateyn,n.Lat. the Plate used in the service of the Mass, 187.

Paþe,n.S. path, road, 2381, 2390.Paþes,pl.268.

Patriark,n.Lat. patriarch, 428.

Payed,part. pa.Fr. satisfied, content, 184. Rits. M. R., Web., R. Gl., R. Br.Apaied, Chauc.

Pelle,v.drive forth (intr.), hurry forth, 810. Deriv. uncertain, unless it be connected with Lat.pello, Eng.impel.Cf. Eng.pelt.

Peni,n.S. penny, 705, 2147.Penies,pl.776, 1172.

Per,n.Fr. peer, equal, 989, 2241, 2792.

Pike,v.to pitch (used passively), 707. Teut.pecken, Lat.picare. The verb in Saxon is not extant, but only the n.pic.

Pine,n.S. pain, grief, 405, 540, 1374. Sir Tr. p. 12. V. Jam.

Pine,v.S. to grieve, 1958.

Plat.SeePlette.

Plattinde,part. pr.tramping along, moving noisilyorhurriedly, 2282. From the beating noise of the feet, like Sc.platch(q.v. in Jam.).SeePlette.

Plawe,v.S. to play, 950.Pleye, 951.

Playces,n. pl.plaice, 896.

Pleinte,n.Fr. complaint, 134.Pleynte, 2961.

Plette,v.S. [plæettian] to strike, 2444.Plat,pa. t.struck, 2755.Plette, 2626;pl. plette, hurried, moved noisily, 2613. [Cf.Plattinde, and note the double use of Sc.skelp, to beat, to hurry, and O.E.strike, to beat, to move along.]

Plith,n.S. [pliht] harm, 1370, 2002. Laȝam. l. 3897.

Poke,n.S. a bag, 555, 769.Pokes,pl.780.

Poles,n. pl.S. pools, ponds of water, 2101.

Polk,n.S. pool, puddle, 2685.Pow, Sir Tr. p. 171.Pulk, Somersetsh.

Pouere, Poure,adj.Fr. poor, 58, 101, 2457, &c.

Pourelike,adv.poorly, 323.

Prangled,part. pa.compressed, 639. Cf. Du.prangen, to pinch; Dan.prange Seil, to crowd sail.

Preie,pr. t.S. pray, 1440.Prey,imp.pray (thou), 1343.Preide,pa. t.prayed, 209.

Prest,n.S. priest, 429, 1829.Prestes,pl.2583.

Priken,v.S. to spur a horse, ride briskly, 2639.

Prud,adj.S. proud, 302.

Pulten,pa. t. pl.so reads the MS. l. 1023, instead ofputten. Both have the same signification. So in the Romance ofRob. of Cecyle, Harl. MS. 1701, f. 94, c. 1,pulteoccurs forput, placed, andpyltin R. Cœur de L. 4085; pelte, Sir Tr. p. 95. In theimp.Pultforput,place, is used inHending the Hende, MS. Digb. 86. In the signification ofdrove forward, which is nearer to the sense we require, we findpyltein K. Horn, 1433, and R. Glouc. Hence the Engl. wordpelt.SeePutten. Cf.Pultin Gl. toWill. of Palerne.

Pund,n. pl.S. pounds, 1633.

Put,n.cast, throw, 1055.But, 1040.

Putten,v.to cast, throw, propel forward, 1033, 1044.Puten, 1051.Putte,pa. t.cast, 1052.Putten,pa. t. pl.cast, threw, 1023, 1031, 1844. From the Fr.bouter, Teut.buitten, or Belg.botten, to drive or propel forward, or, as others suggest, from the Br.pwtiaw, which has the same meaning, or Isl.potta. From the same root are derived bothPutandBut. Thus tobuttin Sc. is to drive at a stone in curling, and toputin Yorksh. is to push with the horns. In the passage before us it is applied to a particular game, formerly in great repute.SeeNote on l. 1022. Cf. Ramsay’s Poems, ii. 106. The word is still retained in the North, and Sc. V. Jam. and Brockett. SeeButandPulten.

Putting, Puttinge,n.casting, 1042, 1057, 2324.

Pyment,n.B.L.spiced wine, 1728.SeeNote on l. 1726.

Qual,n.S. [hwæl] whale or grampus, 753.SeeHwel.

Quan, Quanne,adv.S. when, 134, 204, 240, &c.SeeHwan.

Quath,pa. t.S. quoth, 606, 642, &c.Hwat, 1650, 1878.Wat, 595.Quod, 1888.Quodh, 1801.Quot, 1954, 2808.Couth, 2606.

Queme,adj.S. agreeable, 130, 393. Web., Rits. M. R., Rob. Br., R. Glouc., Gower, Chauc.

Quen,n.S. queen, 2760, 2783, &c.Quenes,pl.2982.

Qui.SeeHwi.

Quic, Quik,adj.S. alive, 612, 613, 1405, 2210, 2476, &c.,quik and ded. This is the usual language of the Inquisitiones post mortem, which commence at the early part of Henry III. reign. For the usage of the term,seeGl. to Sir Tr. p. 98. Yw. and Gaw. 668. Chron. of Engl. 762, &c. The word is preserved in the vulgar version of the Scriptures, and Creed.Quike, quick, alert, 1348.Al quic wede, 2641. Cf. l. 2387.

Quiste,n.S. [cwide] bequest, will, 219, 365.Quede, K. Alisaund. 8020.

Quod, Quodh, Quot.SeeQuath.

Radde.SeeRede.

Ran.SeeRenne.

Rang,adj.S. [ranc] perverse, rebellious, 2561.

Rath,n.S. counsel; hence, an adviser, 75.Dat. c. rathe, in the phraseto rathe, 2542; for the meaning of which,seeRed.

Raþe,adv.S. speedily, readily, quickly, 358, &c. (In l. 1335, I prefer considering it as a verb.)

Rathe,v.S. [rædan] to advise, 1335. A provincial pronunciation ofRede. In l. 2817, it is still broader, “Yif ye it wilen and ekrothe.” In the same mannerRodeis spelt, and was undoubtedly pronouncedRothe, Ly Beaus Desc. 425, andAbodeis speltAbothe, ib. 1118. Cf. ll. 693, 1681, 2585, of the present poem, in all which instances thedinredehas the sound ofth.

Recke,pr. t. subj.S. may reck, may care, 2047, 2511. Sir Tr. p. 124, &c.

Red,n.S. advice, counsel, 180, 518, 826, 1194, 2871, &c.To rede, lit. for a counsel, i.e. advisable, 118, 693; speltto rathe, 2542.

Rede,v.S. to direct, advise, 104, 148, 361, 687, &c.Radde,pa. t.advised, 1353. V. Jam. in v. and Hearne’s Gl. to R. Glouc.

Reft, Refte, Reftes.SeeReue.

Regne,pr. t. pl.Fr. Lat. reign, assume the superiority, 2586.Reng,Ring, Sc. V. Jam. in v.

Renne,v.S. to run, 1161, 1904.Ran on blode,pa. t.432. So in Sir Tr. p. 176,His heued ran on blod; and in MS. Harl. 2253, f. 128,

Lutel wot hit any mon hou loue hym haueth y-bounden,That for vs o the roderon, ant bohte vs with is wounde.

Lutel wot hit any mon hou loue hym haueth y-bounden,

That for vs o the roderon, ant bohte vs with is wounde.

Reue,n.S. magistrate, 1627.SeeGreyue.

Reue, Reuen,v.S. [reafian] to take away, bereave, rob, 480, 2590, 2991.Refte,pa. t.took away, bereaved, 2223, 2485.Reftes,pa. t. 2 p.tookest away, 2394.Reft,part. pa.taken away, bereaved, 1367, 1672, 2483; spoiled, 2004. Still used in the North.

Reures,n. pl.S. robbers, bereavers, 2104.

Alle bacbiteres wendet to helle,Robberes &reueres& the monquelle.

Alle bacbiteres wendet to helle,

Robberes &reueres& the monquelle.

A lutel sermun, MS. Cal. A. ix. f. 246, b.

V. Jam. in v.Reyffar.

Reunesse, Rewnesse,n.S. compassion, 502, 2227.

Rewe,v.S. to have pity, to compassionate, 497, 967.Rewede,pa. t.(impersonal) 503.

Richelike,adv.S. richly, 421.

Ricth, Ricthe.SeeRith,Rithe.

Ricthwise,adj.S. [rihtwis] righteous, just, 37. Rits., Web. M. R., Rob. Br., Minot, Lynds., R. Hood. [MS.hasrirth wise.]

Riden,v.S. to ride, 10, &c.

Rig,n.S. back, 1775. So in Laȝam. l. 6718. Burne he warp onrigge.

Rike,n.S. kingdom, 290.Heuene riche, 133, 407.SeeCunnriche.

Rim, Rym,n.S. Fr. rhyme, poem, 21, 2995, 2998. So Chauc.Rime of Sire Thopas.[The modern false spellingrhymeis due to confusion of Eng.rimewith the Gk.rhythm.]

Ringen,v.S. to ring, 242, 1106.Ringes,pr. t. sing.ring, 390.Rungen,part. pa.rung, 1132.

Ringes,n. pl.S. rings of mail, 2740.SeeBrini.

Rippe,n.fish-basket, 893. Hence aRippar, B. Lat.riparius, is a person who brings fish from the coast to sell in the interior. V. Spelm. in v. Nares prefers the etymology ofripa, but without reason.Ripis still provincial for an osier basket.SeeJam. and Moore. So also in a curious Latin and English Vocabulary, written out by Sire John Mendames, Parson of Bromenstrope [Broomsthorp, Co. Norf.] in the middle of the 15th cent., and now preserved in the valuable MSS. library of T. W. Coke, Esq.Cophinusis explainedA beryng lepe, orryppe, terms still retained in the county. Jam. gives Icel.hrip, a basket.

Rith, Ricth,n.S. right, justice, inheritance, 36, 395, 1099, 1383, 2717.

Rith,adj.S. right (dexter), 604, 1812, 2140, 2545, 2725.

Rithe, Ricthe,adj.S. right (rectus), 772, 846, 1201, 2235, 2473.

Rith, Rithe,adv.S. rightly, 420, 1701, 2611, &c.; exactly, just, 872, 2494, 2506.

Ritte,v.to rip, make an incision, 2495.

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