GLOSSARIAL INDEX.

GLOSSARIAL INDEX.ABBREVIATIONS.Barb. Barbour’s Bruce. —Chauc. Chaucer. —Doug. Gawin Douglas’s Transl. of the Æneid. —Ellis, M. R. Ellis’s Specimens of Metrical Romances. —Gl. Glossary. —Jam. Jamieson’s Dictionary. —Laȝam. Laȝamon’s Transl. of Wace (ed. Madden). —Lynds. Sir D. Lyndsay’s Works. —N.E. Northern English. —Percy, A. R. Percy’s Reliques of Ancient English Poetry. —P. Plowm. Piers Plowman. —R. Br. Robert of Brunne. —R. Gl. Robert of Gloucester, ed. Hearne (2nd ed. 1810). —Rits. A. S. Ritson’s Ancient Songs. —Rits. M. R. Ritson’s Metrical Romances. —Sc. Scotch, Scotland. —Sir Tr. Sir Tristrem. —Wall. Wallace. —Web. Weber’s Metrical Romances. —Wilb. Wilbraham’s Cheshire Glossary. —Wynt. Wyntoun’s Chronicle. —B. Lat. Barbarous Latin. —Belg. Belgic. —Fr. French. —Isl. Islandic. —Lat. Latin. —S. Saxon. —Sibb. Sibbald’s Chronicle of Scottish Poetry. —Su. G.Suio-Gothic. —Teut. Teutonic. —q.v.Quod vide. —The Romances separately cited are sufficiently indicated by the Titles. The numbers refer to the line of the Poem.It may be useful to add that the names of the Romances edited by Ritson are— vol. i. Ywaine and Gawin; Launfal. —vol. ii. Lybeaus Disconus; King Horn; King of Tars; Emare; Sir Orpheo; Chronicle of England. —vol. iii. Le bone Florence; Erle of Tolous; Squyr of Lowe Degre; Knight of Curtesy. Those edited by Weber are— vol. i. Kyng Alisaunder; Sir Cleges; Lai-le-freine. —vol. ii. Richard Cœur de Lion; Ipomydon; Amis and Amiloun. —vol. iii. Seuyn Sages; Octouian; Sir Amadas; Hunting of the Hare. Beowulf and the Codex Exoniensis are quoted from Thorpe’s editions.U and V are combined; J is not used. Þ (Thorn) is alphabetized as Th.ABCDEFGHIKLMNOPQRSTÞUVWYAA, 610, 936. Apparently an error of the scribe forAl, but perhaps written as pronounced. N.E. and Sc.aw. V. Jam.A before anounis commonly a corruption of the S.on, as proved clearly by the examples in Tyrwhitt’s Gl., Jam., and Gl. Lynds.Adoun, q.v. is an exception.A-two, 1413, 2643.SeeOn.Aboven,prep.S. above, 1700.Abouten,prep.S. [on-bútan] about, 521, 670, 1010, &c.Abuten, 2429.Adoun,adv.S. down, 567.Adune, 2735.Doun, 901, 925, &c.Dun, 888, 927.Dune, 1815, 2656. A.S.of-dúne.Adrad,part. pa.S. afraid, 278, 1048, 1163, 1682, 2304.Adradde, 1787.Adred, 1258.Odrat, 1153. Sir Tr. p. 174; K. Horn, 124.SeeDred.Agen,prep.S. [on-gean] against, 1792.Ageyn, 493, 569, 2024, &c.Ageynes, 2153, 2270, &c.Ayen, 489, 1210, 2799.Yen, 2271.Ageyn, toward, 451, 1696, 1947;opposite to, 1809; upon, on, 1828.Ayen, towards, 1207.Ageyn him go, 934, opposite him, so as to bear an equal weight.Ageyn hire, 1106, at her approach.Ageyn þe lith, 2141, opposed to the light, on which the light shines. V. R. Gl., R. Br., Chauc. &c.Ageyn,adv.S. again, 2426.Al,adv.S. wholly, entirely, 34, 70, 139,203, &c.Al,adj.S. all,203, 264, &c.; every one, 104; every part, 224;plu.alle, 2, 150, &c.Albidene,adv.SeeBidene.Als, Also,Also,conj.S. [eal-swá] as, like, so, 306, 319, &c.Als, 1912, as if.Al so foles, like fools, 2100.Alsis merely the abbreviation ofAl so; and the modern as is again shortened fromals. In Laȝamon it is often writtenalse, as in l. 4953.And he hæfde a swithe god wif& he heo leouedealsehis lif.Cf. Havelok, l. 1663.AlsandAlsoare used indifferently, and universally by the old English and Scotch poets.Alþer-beste,adj.S. best of all, 182, 720, 1040, 1197, 2415.Alþer-lest,Alþer-leste, 1978, 2666, least of all. It is the gen. c. pl. ofAlle, joined to an adj. in the superl. degree, and is extensively employed.Alre-leofust,Alre-heudest,Alre-kenest, Laȝamon,Althe-werste, K. Horn, MS.Alder-best,Alder-most, R. Br.Alther-best,Alther-formest, &c. Web.Alther-furste,Alther-next,Alther-last, Rits. M. R.Alder-first,Alder-last,Alder-levest, Chauc.Alder-liefest, Shakesp.Amideward,prep.S. in the midst, 872.Amiddewart, K. Horn, 556.Amydward, K. Alisaund. 690.A mydward, Ly Beaus Desc. 852.Amydwart, Doug. Virg. 137, 35.An.conj.S. and, 29, 359, &c. So used by Laȝamon, and still in Somersetsh. V. Jennings.Ant, 36, 557, K. Horn, 9, &c.And,conj.if, 2862.Andelong,adv.S. lengthways, i.e. from the head to the tail, 2822.Ovyrtwart andendelangWith strenges of wyr the stones hang.R. Cœur de Lion, 2649.Chauc.endelong, C. T. 1993.Anilepi,adj.S. [ánlepig] one, a single, 2107.Onlepi, 1094. In the very curious collection of poems in MS. Digb. 86 (written in the Lincolnshire dialect, temp. Edw. I.) we meet with this somewhat rare word:A! quod the vox, ich wille the telle,On alpiword ich lie nelle.Of the vox and of the wolf(Rel. Ant. ii. 275).It occurs also in the Ormulum.Anoþer,adj.S.Al another, 1395, in a different way, on another project.Ah al hit iwruthon otherSone ther after.Laȝamon, l. 21005.Ac Florice thoughtal another.Flor. and Blaunchefl.ap. Ellis, M. R. V. 3, p. 125, ed. 1803. (Cf. Horn, ed. Lumby, p. 52, l. 32.)Anuye,v.Fr. to trouble, weary, 1735; R. Gl., K. Alisaund. 876; Chauc. Melibeus.Noye, Lynds. Gl. q.v.Are,adj.S. former, 27. Cf. are,adv., Sir Tr. p. 32; Rits. M. R., Web., R. Gl., R. Br., Minot. p. 31.Air,Ayr, Sc. V. Jam.SeeEr,Or.Aren,1 and 3 p. pl.S. are, 619, 1321, &c.Arn, Chauc.Arke,n.S. Lat. a chestorcoffer, 2018. R. Br., Jam.Armes,n. pl.Lat. arms, armor, 2605, 2613, 2925.Arum for Arm, 1982, 2408.Arwe, S. [earg] timid, 2115. Alter the punctuation, and read—He calde boþe arwe menand kene,Knithes and serganz swiþe sleie.“Arwe or ferefulle.Timidus.”Prompt. Parv.Cf. Stille, q.v.As for Has, 1174.Asayleden,pa. t. pl.Fr. assailed, 1862.Asken,n. pl.S. ashes, 2841.Aske, R. Gl.Askes, R. Br.Ashen, Chauc.Assis, Doug.Astirte,pa. t.leaped, 893.Astert, King’s Quair, ap. Jam.SeeStirt.At,prep.S. oforto, 1387. Yw. and Gaw. (Rits.) 963. Still existing in Scotland.At-sitte,v.S. contradict, oppose, 2200. It corresponds with the termwith-sitten, 1683. In R. Gl. it is used synonymously withat-stonde.For ther nas so god knygt non no-wer a-boute France,That in joustes scholdeat-sittethe dynt of ys lance.—p. 137.SeeSat.Aucte, Auchte, Auhte, Authe,n.S. possessions, 531, 1223, 1410, 2215.And alle theæhtenof mine londe.Laȝamon, l. 25173.Aughtte, K. Alisaund. 6884.Aucht, Doug. Virg. 72, 4; Lynds. Gl.Aucte, Auht, Auhte,v. imp.(originallypa. t.of Aw, or Owe) S. [ágan,áhte] ought, 2173, 2787, 2800.Aught, Sir Tr. p. 44.Ohte, K. Horn, 418.Aght, Yw. and Gaw. 3229.Aute, R. Gl.Aught, Chauc. Troil. 3, 1801.Aucht, Doug. Virg. 110, 33.Aute, Awcte, (pa. t.of the same verb), possessed, 207, 743.Aught, Sir Tr. p. 182. Ly Beaus Desc. 1027.Oght, Le bone Flor. 650.Auht, R. Br. p. 126; Wynt., Lynds. Gl.Aueden.SeeHaueden.Aunlaz,n.Anelace, 2554. “A kind of knife or dagger, usually worn at the girdle.” Tyrw. note on Chauc. l. 359. So in Matth. Paris, “Genus cultelli, quod vulgariterAnelaciusdicitur.” V. Gl. in voc. and Todd’s Gl. to Illustr. of Chauc. InSir Gawan and Sir Galoran, ii. 4, ananlassignifies a sharp spike fixed in the chanfron of a horse. Probably from the FrancicAnelaz,Analeze. V. Jam.Auter,n.Fr. Lat. altar, 389, 1386, 2373. Sir Tr. p. 61, Octovian, 1312, R. Br., Chauc.Awter, Barb.Ax,n.S. axe, 1776, 1894.Ay,adv.S. ever, aye, always, 159, 946, 1201, &c.Ae, Sc. V. Jam.Ayen.SeeAgen.Ayþer,pron.S. [Ægþer] either, each, 2665.Eþer, 1882.Athir, Sc. V. Jam.SeeOther.Awe,v.S. to owe, own, possess, 1292. It may also very possibly be a corruption ofHave. Cf. ll. 1188, 1298.BBac,n.S. back, 1844, 1950, &c;backes,pl.2611.Baldelike,adv.S. boldly, 53.Baldeliche, R. Glouc.Baldely, R. Br., Minot, p. 20.Bale,n.S. sorrow, misery, 327.Bar.SeeBeren.Baret,n.(O.Fr.barat, Isl.baratta) contest, hostile contention, 1932.Ther nisbaret, nothir strif,Nis ther no deth, ac euer lif.Land of Cokaygne, ap. Hickes, Thes. 1, p. 231.In alle thisbarettethe kynge and Sir Symon Tille a lokyng tham sette, of the prince suld it be don.R. Brunne, p. 216. Cf. p. 274.That mekill bale andbaretetill Ynglande sall brynge.Awntyrs of Arthure, st. 23.Barfot,adj.S. barefoot, 862.Barnage,n.Fr. barons or noblemen collectively, baronage, 2947. Yw. and Gaw. 1258. Web. Doug. Virg. 314, 48.Barre,n.Fr. bar of a door, 1794, 1811, 1827. Synonymous with Dore-tre, q.v. Chauc. C. T. 552.Barw.SeeBerwen.Baþe,adj.S. both, 1336, 2543.Bethe, 694, 1680.Be.SeeBen.Be-bedde,v.S. to provide with a bed, 421.Bede,n.S. prayer, 1385.Bede,v.S. to order, to bid, 668, 2193, 2396; to offer, 1665, 2084, 2172.Beden,pa. t. pl.offered, 2774, 2780.Bedes, bids, 2392. Of common occurrence in both senses.SeeBidd.Bedden,v.S. to bed, put to bed, 1235.Bedded,Beddeth,part. pa.put to bed, 1128, 2771.Bedels,n. pl.S. beadles, 266. V. Spelm. in v.Bedellus, and Blount,Joc. Ten.p. 120, ed. 1784.Beite, Beyte,v.to bait, to set dogs on, 1840, 2330, 2440.Bayte, R. Br. From the Isl. Beita, incitare; Su. Goth.Beita biorn, to bait the bear. V. Jam. and Thomson’s Etymons.Bem.SeeSunne-bem.Ben,v.S. to be, 19, 905, 1006, &c.Ben,pr. t. pl.are, 1787, 2559.Be,Ben,part. pa.been, 1428, 2799.Bes,Beth,imp.andfut.be, shall be, 1261, 1744, 2007, 2246.Lat be, 1265, 1657, leave, relinquish, a common phrase in the Old Romances.Lat abee, Sc. V. Jam.Benes,n. pl.S. beans, 769.Beneysun,n.Fr. blessing, benediction. 1723. R. Br., Web., Chauc. C. T. 9239. Lynds. Gl.Bere,n.S. bear, 573, 1838, 1840, 2448.Bere, Beren,v.S. to bear, to carry, 581, 762, 805.Ber, 2557;Bar,pa. t.bore, 557, 815, 877.Bere, 974.Beres,pr. t. pl.bear. 2323.Bermen,n. pl.S. bar-men, porters to a kitchen, 868, 876, 885. The only author in which this term has been found is Laȝamon, in the following passages:Vs selve we habbet cokes,to quecchen to cuchene,Vs sulue we habbetbermen,& birles inowe. —l. 3315.Weoren in þeos kinges cuchenetwa hundred cokes,& ne mæi na man tellenfor alle þabermannen.—l. 8101.Bern,n.S. child, 571.Barn,bearne, R. Br.Bairn, Sc.Berwen,v.S. [beorgan] to defend, preserve, guard, 697, 1426;burwe, 2870.Barw,pa. t.2022, 2679. The original word is found in Beowulf:Scyld-weall gebeargLíf and líce.(The shield-wall defendedLife and body.)—l. 5134.So in K. Horn, MS. Laud. 108.At more ich wile the serue,And fro sorwe theberwe.—f. 224b, c. 2.Bes.SeeBen.Bes for Best, 354.Best, Beste,n.Fr. beast, 279, 574, 944, 2691.Bete,v.S. [beátan] to beat, fight, 1899, 2664, 2763.Beten,pa. t. pl.beat, struck, 1876. Chauc. C. T. 4206, to which Tyrwh. gives a Fr. derivation.Betere,adv. comp.S. better, 1758.Beye,v.S. to buy, 53, 1654.Byen, 1625.Beyes,pr. t.for Abeyes, S. suffers, or atones for, 2460.His deth thoubistto night,Mi fo.Sir Tristr.p. 146.We shulden alle deyeThy fader deth tobeye.K. Horn, 113.An of yow schallbyethys blunder.Le bone Flor.1330.See Jam. in v. Aby. Web. Gl. and Lynds. Gl.; also Nares, v. Bye.Bicomen,pa. t. pl.became, 2257;part. pa.become, 2264.Bicomes,imp. pl.become (ye), 2303.Bidd, Bidde,v.S. offer, 484, 2530; order, bid, 529, 1733.Ut bidde, 2548, order out.Biddes,pr. t.bids, orders, 1232.Bidde, to ask, 910. R. Glouc., Lynds. Gl.SeeBede.Bidene,adv.forthwith, 730, 2841.“Rohand told anonHis aventoursal bidene.”Sir Tr.p. 45.From Du.bij dien, by that.Bifalle,v.S. to happen, befall, 2981. Bifel,pa. t.824.Fel, 1009; appertained, 2359.Biforn,prep.S. (1) before, 1022, 1034, 1364, &c.;bifor, 1357;biforen, 1695; (2) in front of, 2406;bifor, 1812.Bigan,pa. t.began, 1357.Bigunnen,pl.1011, 1302.Biginnen,pr. t. pl.begin, 1779.Bihalue,v.S. to divide into two parts, or companies, 1834.Halueoccurs as anounin Chauc. Troil. 4, 945.Bihel for Beheld, 1645.Bihelden,pa. t. pl.beheld, 2148.Bihetet,pa. t.S. promised, 677.Bihight, Sir Tr. p. 105.Behet,Bihet, R. Gl.Be-hette, R. Br.Be-hete, Web., Rits. M. R.Behighte, Chauc.Bihoten,part. pa.promised, 564.Behighte, Chauc.Bihoue,n.S. behoof, advantage, 1764. R. Gl., R. Br., Chauc.Bikenneth,pa. t.S. betokens, 1268.Bikenne, R. Br.Bileue,imp.tarry, remain, 1228. Bilefte,pa. t.remained, 2963. Fromv.S.belifan, to be left behind.Winde thai hadde as thai wolde,A londbilafthe.Sir Tristr.p. 29. Cf. pp. 38, 60.He schal wiþ mebileue,Til hit beo nir eue.K. Horn, ed. Lumby, 363.Horn than, withouten lesing,Bilaftat hom for blode-leteing.Horn Childe, ap. Rits. M. R. V. 3, p. 298.Sojourn with us evermo,I rede thee, son, that it be so.Another year thou might over-fare,But thoubileve, I die with care.Guy of Warw.ap. Ellis, M. R. V. 2, p. 23.See also the Gl. to R. Gl., R. Br. and Web., to which addEmare, 496, and Gower, Conf. Am. This is sufficient authority for the reading adopted in the text, and it may hence be reasonably questioned, whetherbilenedin Lye, andbelenesinSir Gawan and Sir Galoran, i. 6, quoted by Jamieson in v. Belene, be not the fault of the scribe, or of the Editors.Bimene,v.S. mean, 1259.Binden,v.S. to bind, 1961. Used passively, 2820, asBynde, 42.Bounden,pa. t. pl.2442.Bunden, 2506.Bounden,part. pa.545.Bunden, 1428.Binne,adv.S. within, 584.Byn, Rits. M. R.But and ben, Doug., Virg., 123, 40; without and within. V. Jam., in v. Ben.Birde.SeeBirþe.Birþe (should rather bebirþ),3 p. s. pres.it behoves, 2101.Hencebirde,3 p. s. pt. t.behoved, 2761. A.S.býrian,gebýrian, to fit, suit, be to one’s taste. SeeBurenin Stratmann.Birþene,n.S. burden, 900, 902.Bise,n.Fr. a north wind,724.Bise traverse, a north-west or north-east wind.Cotgr.Après grant joie vient grant ire,Et après Noelvent bise.Rom. de Renart, 13648.The term is still in common use.Biseken,v.S. to beseech, 2994.Biswike,part. pa.S. cheated, deceived, 1249.Hu þubiswikestMonine mon.Laȝam.l. 3412.Byswuke, K. Horn, 296; Yw. and Gaw. 2335.Bisuike, R. Br.Beswyke, R. Cœur de L. 5918.Bitaken,v.S. [bitǽcan,tǽcan] to commit, deliver, give in charge, 1226.Bitechen, 203, 384, 395.Bi-teche,pr. sing.384;imp. sing.395. Laȝam. 5316.Bitake, Sir Tr. p. 87.Byteche, K. Horn, 577.Biteche, Web.Betake,Beteche, Chauc., Barb., Wall.Bitaucte,pa. t.delivered, 206, 558.Bitauhte, 2212, 2317, 2957.Bitawchte, 1224.Bitawte, 1408.Tauhte, 2214.Bitæht,Bitachet, Laȝam.Bitaught, Sir Tr. p. 85.Bitoke, K. Horn, 1103.Betok, Ly Beaus Desc. 82.Betauht,bitauht,tauht,biteched, R. Br. Bitake, R. Gl.Betake, Sir Guy.Betaught, Chauc.Betaucht, Doug., Lynds.Bite,v.S. to taste, drink, 1731.Horn toc hit hise yfere,Ant seide, Quene, so dere,No beer nullichbite,Bote of coppe white.K. Horn(Ritson), 1129.Biþ for By the, 474. Cf. l. 2470.Bituene, Bitwenen, Bitwene,prep.S. between, 748, 2668, 2967.Blac,adj.S. black, 555, 1008.Pl.Blake, 1909, 2181, &c.Blakne,v.S. to blacken in the face, grow angry, 2165.And Arthur sæt ful stille,ænne stunde he wesblac,and on heuwe swithe wak,ane while he wes reod.Laȝam.l. 19887.Tho Normans were sorie, of contenance ganblaken.R. Brunne, p. 183.Blawe.v.S. to blow, 587.Blou,imp.blow, 585.Blede,v.S. to bleed, 2403.Bleike,pl. adj.bleak, pale, wan, 470. A.S.blác, bleak, Su.-G.blek.Blenkes,n. pl.blinks, winks of the eye, in derision, 307. R. Br. p. 270; Sc. V. Jam. Suppl. Derived from S.blican, Su.-G.blænka, Belg.blencken, to glance.SeeGl. Lynds.Blinne,v. n.S. to cease, 2367, 2374. Sir Tr. p. 26; Rits. M. R. Web., R. Gl., Chauc.; so in Sc. V. Jam. Gl. Lynds.Blinne,pa. t. pl.ceased, 2670.Blinneth,pr. t.ceases, 329.Blissed,part pa.S. blessed, 2873.Bliþe,adj.S. happy, 632, 651.Blome,n.S. bloom, flower, 63.Bloute,adj.soft, 1910. Sw.blöt, soft, pulpy.Bode,n.S. command, 2200, 2567. Sir Tr. p. 121, Web.Bok,n.S. book, 1173, 1418, &c.SeeMesse-bok.Bole,n.[Isl.bolli, W.bwla. Cf. A.S.bulluca] bull, 2438.Boles,pl.2330.Bon, Bone.SeeO-bone.Bondemen,n. pl.S. husbandmen, 1016, 1308. R. Gl.Bone,n.S. [bén] boon, request, 1659. Sir Tr. p. 31, and all the Gloss.Bor,n.S. boar, 1867, 1989.Bores,pl.2331.Bord,n.S. (1) table, 1722. K. Horn, 259; Rits. M. R., Web.,Chauc.; (2) a board, 2106.Seethe note on l. 2076.Boren,part. pa.S. born, 1878.Boru,n.S. borough, 773, 847, 1014, 1757, 2086, 2826.Borwes, pl.1293, 1444, 1630.Burwes, 55, 2277. Sir Tr. pp. 12, 99. Chalmers is certainly mistaken when he says it does not signifyboroughs, butcastles. Introd. Gl. p. 200. In Laȝamon the word is always clearly distinguished fromcastle, as it is in many other writers. V. Spelm. in v.Burgus.Bote,adv.S. but, only, 721.SeeBut.Bote,n.S. remedy, help, 1200. Laȝm., Sir Tr. p. 93; Web., Rits. M. R., Rob. Gl., R. Br., Minot, Chauc., Doug., Lynds. Gl.Boþen,adj. pl.S. both, 173, 697, 958;g. c.of both, 2223.Bounden, Bunden.SeeBinden.Bour, Boure, Bowr,n.S. [búr] chamber, 239, 2072, 2076, &c. In Beowulf the apartment of the women is calledBryd-bur; l. 1846.Ygarne beh tobure& lætte bed him makien.Laȝam.l. 19042.Honder hireboureswowe,K. Horn, 982, MS., where Rits. Ed. readschambre wowe. Cf. Sir Tr. p. 114; Rits. M. R., Web., R. Br., Doug., V. Jam.Seenote on l. 2076.Bouthe,pa. t.S. bought, 875, 968. Cf. Sir Tr. p. 104.Bouth,part. pa.bought, 883.Boyes,n. pl.S. boys, men, 1899.Brayd,pa. t.S. (1) started, 1282. Chauc., Gaw. and Gal. iii. 21; R. Hood,II.p. 83; (2) drew out, 1825, a word particularly applied to the action of drawing a sword from the scabbard.Sone his sweord he utabræid.Laȝam.l. 26533.Cf. Am. and Amil. 1163; Sir Ferumbras, ap. Ellis, M. R. V. 2, p. 387. Rauf Coilzear, ap. Laing, and Wall. i. 223.Brede,n.S. bread, 98.Bred, 1879.Breken,v.S. to break, 914.Broken,pa. t. pl.broke, 1238.Brennen, Brenne,v.S. to burn, 916, 1162; Rits. M. R., Rob. Gl., R. Br., Chauc.Brenden,pa. t. pl.burnt, 594, 2125.Brend,part. pa.burnt, 2832, 2841, &c. Sir Tr. p. 93.Brenne.SeeOn brenne.Brigge,n.S. bridge, 875. Sir Tr. p. 148. Still used in Sc. and N.E.Brihte.SeeBrith.Brim,adj.S. furious, raging, 2233; R. Br. p. 244; Chauc. Rom. Rose, 1836.Breme, Rits. M. R. It originally signified the sea itself, and was afterwards used for the raging of the sea, Beowulf, l. 56; Compl. of Scotland, p. 62. V. Jam.Bringe, Bringen,v.S. to bring, 72, 185, &c.Brini, Brinie,n.S. [Mœso-Goth.brunjo] cuirass, 1775, 2358, 2551.Brinies,pl.2610. Sir Tr. p. 20.Burne, Laȝam.Brenye, K. Horn, 719, MS.SeeMerrick’s Gl. to Ess. on Anc. Armor. TheBrinithen worn was ofmail, as appears from l. 2740,Of his brinie ringes mo. Hence in Beowulf it is termedBreostnet, l. 3100;Here-net, 3110;Hringedbyrne, 2495. So in the French K. Horn, MS. Douce,Mes vnc de sun halberc maele ne falsa.SeeRits. Gl. M. R.Brisen,v.S. to bruise, beat, 1835.SeeTo-Brised.Brith,adj.S. bright, 589, 605, &c.Brihte, 2610.Bryth, 1252.Brithter,comp.brighter, 2141.Brittene,part. pa.S. destroyed, 2700; R. Br. p. 244.Pistill of Sussan, ap. Laing. In Doug., Virg. pp. 76, 5; 296, 1, the verb has the sense ofto kill, which itmay also bear here. SeeBruteninWill. of Palerne.Brod,adj.S. broad, 1647.Broucte,pa. t. and pp.brought, 767.Brouht, 1979.Broute, 2868.Brouth, 336, 64.Browt, 2412.Browth, 2052.Brouct of liue, 513, 2412, dead.Brouthen,pl.brought, 2791.Brouke,1 p. pres. sing.S. brook, enjoy, use, 311, 1743, 2545 (cf. Ch.Non. Pr. Ta.480).Sobroukethou thi croune!K. Horn, 1041.Cf. Rits. Gl. M. R., Rich. C. de Lion, 4578; Chauc. C. T. 10182, 15306, R. Hood, V.I.48,II.112; Lynds. Gl. Percy, A. R. In Sc.Bruike.With these numerous instances before him, it is inconceivable how Jamieson, except from a mere love of his own system, should write: ‘There is no evidence that the Engl.brookis used in this sense, signifying only to bear, to endure.’Broys,n.S. broth, 924.Brouwys, R. Cœur de L. 3077; Sc. V. Jam. and Brockett’s North country words, v.Brewis; also Nares. Sc.brose.Brune,adj. pl.S. brown, 2181, 2249.Bulder,adj.orn.1790. In the north aBootherorBoulder, is a hard flinty stone, rounded like a bowl. Brockett’s Gl. So also in Grose,Boulder, a large round stone.Bowlders, Marsh. Midl. Count. Gl. The word has a common origin with Isl.ballaðr, Fr.boulet, Sc.boule, in Doug. V. Jam.Bunden.SeeBinden.Burgeys,n.S. burgess, 1328.Burgeis, 2466,pl.2012.Burgmen, 2049.Burhmen,Borhmen, Laȝamon., V. Spelm. in v.Burgarii.Burwe.SeeBerwen.Burwes.SeeBoru.But, Bute,conj.S. except, unless, 85, 690, 1149, 1159, 2022, 2031, 2727.But on, 535, 962, except.Butand, Sc.But yf, 2972, unless. [It should be noted thatbut onshould properly beoneword, being the A.S.bútonorbútan, except. But it is written as two words in the MS.]But,n.1040. Probably the same asPut, q.v. The wordBoutis derived from the same source.But,part. pa.contended, struggled with each other (or perhapsstruck, thrust, pushed), 1916.Buttinge,part. pr.striking against with force, 2322. From the Fr.Bouter, Belg.Botten, to impel, or drive forward. V. Jam. Suppl. in v.Butte, andButtin Wedgwood.Butte,n.a flounder or plaice, 759. Du.bot.SeeHalliwell.Byen.SeeBeye.Bynde.SeeBinden.Bynderes,n. pl.S. binders, robbers who bind, 2050.CCaliz,n.S. chalice, 187, 2711.Lunet than riche relikes toke,Thechalisand the mes boke.Yw. and Gaw.3907.Callen,v.S. to call, 747, 2899.Cam.SeeKomen.Canst,pr. t.S. knowest, 846.Cone, 622, canst.Kunne,pl.435. V. Gl. Chauc. in v.Conne. Jam. and Gl. Lynds.SeeCouthe.Carl,n.S. churl, slave, villain, 1789.Cherl, 682, 684, 2533.Cherles,g. c.churl’s, 1092.Cherles,pl.villains, bondsmen, 262, 620. Sir Tr. p. 39; V. Spelm. in v.Ceorlus, and Jam. and Gl. Lynds.Casten.SeeKesten.Catel,n.Fr. chattels, goods, 225, 2023, 2515, 2906, 2939. Web. Gl., R. Br., P. Plowm., Chauc.Nowe hath Beuis the treasure wone,Through Arundell that wyll runne,Wherefore with that and othercatel,He made the castle of Arundel.Syr Bevys, O. iii.Cauenard,n.Fr. [cagnard caignard] a term of reproach, originally derived from the Lat.canis, 2389. V. Roquef. Menage.This crokedecaynardsore he is adred.Rits. A. S. p. 36.Sireolde kaynard, is this thin aray?Chauc. C. T. 5817.Cayser, Caysere,n.Lat. emperor, 977, 1317, 1725.Kaysere, 353.Cerges,n. pl.Fr. wax tapers, 594.Serges, 2125. Chauc. Rom. R. 6251; V. Le Grand.Vie privée des F.; V. 3, p. 175.Chaffare,n.S. merchandise, 1657. R. Cœur de L. 2468, R. Gl., Sir Ferumbras, ap. Ellis, M. R. V. 2, p. 412, Chauc., R. Hood,I.87.Chaffery, Sc. V. Lynds. Gl.Cham for Came, 1873.Chanbioun,n.Fr. champion, 1007. Sir Tr. p. 97.Chaunpiouns,pl.1015, 1031, 1055; V. Spelm. in v.Campio. Cf. A.S.cempa.Chapmen,n. pl.S. merchants, 51, 1639; R. Gl., R. Br., Chauc. In Sc. pedlars. V. Jam., and Gl. Lynds.Charbucle,n.Fr. Lat. a carbuncle, 2145.Charbocle, Syr Bevys.Charbokull, Le bone Flor. 390.Charboucle, Chauc. C. T. 13800.Charbukill, Doug. Virg. 3, 10.Cherl.SeeCarl.Chesen,v.S. to choose, select, 2147. Sir Tr. p. 27; K. Horn, 666; Rits. M. R., Web., R. Br., Chauc., V. Jam. in v.Cheis.Chinche,adj.Fr. niggardly, penurious, 1763, 2941.

Barb. Barbour’s Bruce. —Chauc. Chaucer. —Doug. Gawin Douglas’s Transl. of the Æneid. —Ellis, M. R. Ellis’s Specimens of Metrical Romances. —Gl. Glossary. —Jam. Jamieson’s Dictionary. —Laȝam. Laȝamon’s Transl. of Wace (ed. Madden). —Lynds. Sir D. Lyndsay’s Works. —N.E. Northern English. —Percy, A. R. Percy’s Reliques of Ancient English Poetry. —P. Plowm. Piers Plowman. —R. Br. Robert of Brunne. —R. Gl. Robert of Gloucester, ed. Hearne (2nd ed. 1810). —Rits. A. S. Ritson’s Ancient Songs. —Rits. M. R. Ritson’s Metrical Romances. —Sc. Scotch, Scotland. —Sir Tr. Sir Tristrem. —Wall. Wallace. —Web. Weber’s Metrical Romances. —Wilb. Wilbraham’s Cheshire Glossary. —Wynt. Wyntoun’s Chronicle. —B. Lat. Barbarous Latin. —Belg. Belgic. —Fr. French. —Isl. Islandic. —Lat. Latin. —S. Saxon. —Sibb. Sibbald’s Chronicle of Scottish Poetry. —Su. G.Suio-Gothic. —Teut. Teutonic. —q.v.Quod vide. —The Romances separately cited are sufficiently indicated by the Titles. The numbers refer to the line of the Poem.

It may be useful to add that the names of the Romances edited by Ritson are— vol. i. Ywaine and Gawin; Launfal. —vol. ii. Lybeaus Disconus; King Horn; King of Tars; Emare; Sir Orpheo; Chronicle of England. —vol. iii. Le bone Florence; Erle of Tolous; Squyr of Lowe Degre; Knight of Curtesy. Those edited by Weber are— vol. i. Kyng Alisaunder; Sir Cleges; Lai-le-freine. —vol. ii. Richard Cœur de Lion; Ipomydon; Amis and Amiloun. —vol. iii. Seuyn Sages; Octouian; Sir Amadas; Hunting of the Hare. Beowulf and the Codex Exoniensis are quoted from Thorpe’s editions.

U and V are combined; J is not used. Þ (Thorn) is alphabetized as Th.ABCDEFGHIKLMNOPQRSTÞUVWY

U and V are combined; J is not used. Þ (Thorn) is alphabetized as Th.

ABCDEFGHIKLMNOPQRSTÞUVWY

A, 610, 936. Apparently an error of the scribe forAl, but perhaps written as pronounced. N.E. and Sc.aw. V. Jam.

A before anounis commonly a corruption of the S.on, as proved clearly by the examples in Tyrwhitt’s Gl., Jam., and Gl. Lynds.Adoun, q.v. is an exception.A-two, 1413, 2643.SeeOn.

Aboven,prep.S. above, 1700.

Abouten,prep.S. [on-bútan] about, 521, 670, 1010, &c.Abuten, 2429.

Adoun,adv.S. down, 567.Adune, 2735.Doun, 901, 925, &c.Dun, 888, 927.Dune, 1815, 2656. A.S.of-dúne.

Adrad,part. pa.S. afraid, 278, 1048, 1163, 1682, 2304.Adradde, 1787.Adred, 1258.Odrat, 1153. Sir Tr. p. 174; K. Horn, 124.SeeDred.

Agen,prep.S. [on-gean] against, 1792.Ageyn, 493, 569, 2024, &c.Ageynes, 2153, 2270, &c.Ayen, 489, 1210, 2799.Yen, 2271.Ageyn, toward, 451, 1696, 1947;opposite to, 1809; upon, on, 1828.Ayen, towards, 1207.Ageyn him go, 934, opposite him, so as to bear an equal weight.Ageyn hire, 1106, at her approach.Ageyn þe lith, 2141, opposed to the light, on which the light shines. V. R. Gl., R. Br., Chauc. &c.

Ageyn,adv.S. again, 2426.

Al,adv.S. wholly, entirely, 34, 70, 139,203, &c.

Al,adj.S. all,203, 264, &c.; every one, 104; every part, 224;plu.alle, 2, 150, &c.

Albidene,adv.SeeBidene.

Als, Also,Also,conj.S. [eal-swá] as, like, so, 306, 319, &c.Als, 1912, as if.Al so foles, like fools, 2100.Alsis merely the abbreviation ofAl so; and the modern as is again shortened fromals. In Laȝamon it is often writtenalse, as in l. 4953.

And he hæfde a swithe god wif& he heo leouedealsehis lif.

And he hæfde a swithe god wif

& he heo leouedealsehis lif.

Cf. Havelok, l. 1663.AlsandAlsoare used indifferently, and universally by the old English and Scotch poets.

Alþer-beste,adj.S. best of all, 182, 720, 1040, 1197, 2415.Alþer-lest,Alþer-leste, 1978, 2666, least of all. It is the gen. c. pl. ofAlle, joined to an adj. in the superl. degree, and is extensively employed.Alre-leofust,Alre-heudest,Alre-kenest, Laȝamon,Althe-werste, K. Horn, MS.Alder-best,Alder-most, R. Br.Alther-best,Alther-formest, &c. Web.Alther-furste,Alther-next,Alther-last, Rits. M. R.Alder-first,Alder-last,Alder-levest, Chauc.Alder-liefest, Shakesp.

Amideward,prep.S. in the midst, 872.Amiddewart, K. Horn, 556.Amydward, K. Alisaund. 690.A mydward, Ly Beaus Desc. 852.Amydwart, Doug. Virg. 137, 35.

An.conj.S. and, 29, 359, &c. So used by Laȝamon, and still in Somersetsh. V. Jennings.Ant, 36, 557, K. Horn, 9, &c.

And,conj.if, 2862.

Andelong,adv.S. lengthways, i.e. from the head to the tail, 2822.

Ovyrtwart andendelangWith strenges of wyr the stones hang.

Ovyrtwart andendelang

With strenges of wyr the stones hang.

R. Cœur de Lion, 2649.

Chauc.endelong, C. T. 1993.

Anilepi,adj.S. [ánlepig] one, a single, 2107.Onlepi, 1094. In the very curious collection of poems in MS. Digb. 86 (written in the Lincolnshire dialect, temp. Edw. I.) we meet with this somewhat rare word:

A! quod the vox, ich wille the telle,On alpiword ich lie nelle.

A! quod the vox, ich wille the telle,

On alpiword ich lie nelle.

Of the vox and of the wolf(Rel. Ant. ii. 275).

It occurs also in the Ormulum.

Anoþer,adj.S.Al another, 1395, in a different way, on another project.

Ah al hit iwruthon otherSone ther after.

Ah al hit iwruthon other

Sone ther after.

Laȝamon, l. 21005.

Ac Florice thoughtal another.

Flor. and Blaunchefl.ap. Ellis, M. R. V. 3, p. 125, ed. 1803. (Cf. Horn, ed. Lumby, p. 52, l. 32.)

Anuye,v.Fr. to trouble, weary, 1735; R. Gl., K. Alisaund. 876; Chauc. Melibeus.Noye, Lynds. Gl. q.v.

Are,adj.S. former, 27. Cf. are,adv., Sir Tr. p. 32; Rits. M. R., Web., R. Gl., R. Br., Minot. p. 31.Air,Ayr, Sc. V. Jam.SeeEr,Or.

Aren,1 and 3 p. pl.S. are, 619, 1321, &c.Arn, Chauc.

Arke,n.S. Lat. a chestorcoffer, 2018. R. Br., Jam.

Armes,n. pl.Lat. arms, armor, 2605, 2613, 2925.

Arum for Arm, 1982, 2408.

Arwe, S. [earg] timid, 2115. Alter the punctuation, and read—

He calde boþe arwe menand kene,Knithes and serganz swiþe sleie.“Arwe or ferefulle.Timidus.”

He calde boþe arwe menand kene,

Knithes and serganz swiþe sleie.

“Arwe or ferefulle.Timidus.”

Prompt. Parv.

Cf. Stille, q.v.

As for Has, 1174.

Asayleden,pa. t. pl.Fr. assailed, 1862.

Asken,n. pl.S. ashes, 2841.Aske, R. Gl.Askes, R. Br.Ashen, Chauc.Assis, Doug.

Astirte,pa. t.leaped, 893.Astert, King’s Quair, ap. Jam.SeeStirt.

At,prep.S. oforto, 1387. Yw. and Gaw. (Rits.) 963. Still existing in Scotland.

At-sitte,v.S. contradict, oppose, 2200. It corresponds with the termwith-sitten, 1683. In R. Gl. it is used synonymously withat-stonde.

For ther nas so god knygt non no-wer a-boute France,That in joustes scholdeat-sittethe dynt of ys lance.

For ther nas so god knygt non no-wer a-boute France,

That in joustes scholdeat-sittethe dynt of ys lance.

—p. 137.

SeeSat.

Aucte, Auchte, Auhte, Authe,n.S. possessions, 531, 1223, 1410, 2215.

And alle theæhtenof mine londe.

Laȝamon, l. 25173.

Aughtte, K. Alisaund. 6884.Aucht, Doug. Virg. 72, 4; Lynds. Gl.

Aucte, Auht, Auhte,v. imp.(originallypa. t.of Aw, or Owe) S. [ágan,áhte] ought, 2173, 2787, 2800.Aught, Sir Tr. p. 44.Ohte, K. Horn, 418.Aght, Yw. and Gaw. 3229.Aute, R. Gl.Aught, Chauc. Troil. 3, 1801.Aucht, Doug. Virg. 110, 33.

Aute, Awcte, (pa. t.of the same verb), possessed, 207, 743.Aught, Sir Tr. p. 182. Ly Beaus Desc. 1027.Oght, Le bone Flor. 650.Auht, R. Br. p. 126; Wynt., Lynds. Gl.

Aueden.SeeHaueden.

Aunlaz,n.Anelace, 2554. “A kind of knife or dagger, usually worn at the girdle.” Tyrw. note on Chauc. l. 359. So in Matth. Paris, “Genus cultelli, quod vulgariterAnelaciusdicitur.” V. Gl. in voc. and Todd’s Gl. to Illustr. of Chauc. InSir Gawan and Sir Galoran, ii. 4, ananlassignifies a sharp spike fixed in the chanfron of a horse. Probably from the FrancicAnelaz,Analeze. V. Jam.

Auter,n.Fr. Lat. altar, 389, 1386, 2373. Sir Tr. p. 61, Octovian, 1312, R. Br., Chauc.Awter, Barb.

Ax,n.S. axe, 1776, 1894.

Ay,adv.S. ever, aye, always, 159, 946, 1201, &c.Ae, Sc. V. Jam.

Ayen.SeeAgen.

Ayþer,pron.S. [Ægþer] either, each, 2665.Eþer, 1882.Athir, Sc. V. Jam.SeeOther.

Awe,v.S. to owe, own, possess, 1292. It may also very possibly be a corruption ofHave. Cf. ll. 1188, 1298.

Bac,n.S. back, 1844, 1950, &c;backes,pl.2611.

Baldelike,adv.S. boldly, 53.Baldeliche, R. Glouc.Baldely, R. Br., Minot, p. 20.

Bale,n.S. sorrow, misery, 327.

Bar.SeeBeren.

Baret,n.(O.Fr.barat, Isl.baratta) contest, hostile contention, 1932.

Ther nisbaret, nothir strif,Nis ther no deth, ac euer lif.

Ther nisbaret, nothir strif,

Nis ther no deth, ac euer lif.

Land of Cokaygne, ap. Hickes, Thes. 1, p. 231.

In alle thisbarettethe kynge and Sir Symon Tille a lokyng tham sette, of the prince suld it be don.

R. Brunne, p. 216. Cf. p. 274.

That mekill bale andbaretetill Ynglande sall brynge.

Awntyrs of Arthure, st. 23.

Barfot,adj.S. barefoot, 862.

Barnage,n.Fr. barons or noblemen collectively, baronage, 2947. Yw. and Gaw. 1258. Web. Doug. Virg. 314, 48.

Barre,n.Fr. bar of a door, 1794, 1811, 1827. Synonymous with Dore-tre, q.v. Chauc. C. T. 552.

Barw.SeeBerwen.

Baþe,adj.S. both, 1336, 2543.Bethe, 694, 1680.

Be.SeeBen.

Be-bedde,v.S. to provide with a bed, 421.

Bede,n.S. prayer, 1385.

Bede,v.S. to order, to bid, 668, 2193, 2396; to offer, 1665, 2084, 2172.Beden,pa. t. pl.offered, 2774, 2780.Bedes, bids, 2392. Of common occurrence in both senses.SeeBidd.

Bedden,v.S. to bed, put to bed, 1235.Bedded,Beddeth,part. pa.put to bed, 1128, 2771.

Bedels,n. pl.S. beadles, 266. V. Spelm. in v.Bedellus, and Blount,Joc. Ten.p. 120, ed. 1784.

Beite, Beyte,v.to bait, to set dogs on, 1840, 2330, 2440.Bayte, R. Br. From the Isl. Beita, incitare; Su. Goth.Beita biorn, to bait the bear. V. Jam. and Thomson’s Etymons.

Bem.SeeSunne-bem.

Ben,v.S. to be, 19, 905, 1006, &c.Ben,pr. t. pl.are, 1787, 2559.Be,Ben,part. pa.been, 1428, 2799.Bes,Beth,imp.andfut.be, shall be, 1261, 1744, 2007, 2246.Lat be, 1265, 1657, leave, relinquish, a common phrase in the Old Romances.Lat abee, Sc. V. Jam.

Benes,n. pl.S. beans, 769.

Beneysun,n.Fr. blessing, benediction. 1723. R. Br., Web., Chauc. C. T. 9239. Lynds. Gl.

Bere,n.S. bear, 573, 1838, 1840, 2448.

Bere, Beren,v.S. to bear, to carry, 581, 762, 805.Ber, 2557;Bar,pa. t.bore, 557, 815, 877.Bere, 974.Beres,pr. t. pl.bear. 2323.

Bermen,n. pl.S. bar-men, porters to a kitchen, 868, 876, 885. The only author in which this term has been found is Laȝamon, in the following passages:

Vs selve we habbet cokes,to quecchen to cuchene,Vs sulue we habbetbermen,& birles inowe. —l. 3315.Weoren in þeos kinges cuchenetwa hundred cokes,& ne mæi na man tellenfor alle þabermannen.

Vs selve we habbet cokes,

to quecchen to cuchene,

Vs sulue we habbetbermen,

& birles inowe. —l. 3315.

Weoren in þeos kinges cuchene

twa hundred cokes,

& ne mæi na man tellen

for alle þabermannen.

—l. 8101.

Bern,n.S. child, 571.Barn,bearne, R. Br.Bairn, Sc.

Berwen,v.S. [beorgan] to defend, preserve, guard, 697, 1426;burwe, 2870.Barw,pa. t.2022, 2679. The original word is found in Beowulf:

Scyld-weall gebeargLíf and líce.(The shield-wall defendedLife and body.)

Scyld-weall gebearg

Líf and líce.

(The shield-wall defended

Life and body.)

—l. 5134.

So in K. Horn, MS. Laud. 108.

At more ich wile the serue,And fro sorwe theberwe.

At more ich wile the serue,

And fro sorwe theberwe.

—f. 224b, c. 2.

Bes.SeeBen.

Bes for Best, 354.

Best, Beste,n.Fr. beast, 279, 574, 944, 2691.

Bete,v.S. [beátan] to beat, fight, 1899, 2664, 2763.Beten,pa. t. pl.beat, struck, 1876. Chauc. C. T. 4206, to which Tyrwh. gives a Fr. derivation.

Betere,adv. comp.S. better, 1758.

Beye,v.S. to buy, 53, 1654.Byen, 1625.

Beyes,pr. t.for Abeyes, S. suffers, or atones for, 2460.

His deth thoubistto night,Mi fo.

His deth thoubistto night,

Mi fo.

Sir Tristr.p. 146.

We shulden alle deyeThy fader deth tobeye.

We shulden alle deye

Thy fader deth tobeye.

K. Horn, 113.

An of yow schallbyethys blunder.

Le bone Flor.1330.

See Jam. in v. Aby. Web. Gl. and Lynds. Gl.; also Nares, v. Bye.

Bicomen,pa. t. pl.became, 2257;part. pa.become, 2264.Bicomes,imp. pl.become (ye), 2303.

Bidd, Bidde,v.S. offer, 484, 2530; order, bid, 529, 1733.Ut bidde, 2548, order out.Biddes,pr. t.bids, orders, 1232.Bidde, to ask, 910. R. Glouc., Lynds. Gl.SeeBede.

Bidene,adv.forthwith, 730, 2841.

“Rohand told anonHis aventoursal bidene.”

“Rohand told anon

His aventoursal bidene.”

Sir Tr.p. 45.

From Du.bij dien, by that.

Bifalle,v.S. to happen, befall, 2981. Bifel,pa. t.824.Fel, 1009; appertained, 2359.

Biforn,prep.S. (1) before, 1022, 1034, 1364, &c.;bifor, 1357;biforen, 1695; (2) in front of, 2406;bifor, 1812.

Bigan,pa. t.began, 1357.Bigunnen,pl.1011, 1302.Biginnen,pr. t. pl.begin, 1779.

Bihalue,v.S. to divide into two parts, or companies, 1834.Halueoccurs as anounin Chauc. Troil. 4, 945.

Bihel for Beheld, 1645.Bihelden,pa. t. pl.beheld, 2148.

Bihetet,pa. t.S. promised, 677.Bihight, Sir Tr. p. 105.Behet,Bihet, R. Gl.Be-hette, R. Br.Be-hete, Web., Rits. M. R.Behighte, Chauc.

Bihoten,part. pa.promised, 564.Behighte, Chauc.

Bihoue,n.S. behoof, advantage, 1764. R. Gl., R. Br., Chauc.

Bikenneth,pa. t.S. betokens, 1268.Bikenne, R. Br.

Bileue,imp.tarry, remain, 1228. Bilefte,pa. t.remained, 2963. Fromv.S.belifan, to be left behind.

Winde thai hadde as thai wolde,A londbilafthe.

Winde thai hadde as thai wolde,

A londbilafthe.

Sir Tristr.p. 29. Cf. pp. 38, 60.

He schal wiþ mebileue,Til hit beo nir eue.

He schal wiþ mebileue,

Til hit beo nir eue.

K. Horn, ed. Lumby, 363.

Horn than, withouten lesing,Bilaftat hom for blode-leteing.

Horn than, withouten lesing,

Bilaftat hom for blode-leteing.

Horn Childe, ap. Rits. M. R. V. 3, p. 298.

Sojourn with us evermo,I rede thee, son, that it be so.Another year thou might over-fare,But thoubileve, I die with care.

Sojourn with us evermo,

I rede thee, son, that it be so.

Another year thou might over-fare,

But thoubileve, I die with care.

Guy of Warw.ap. Ellis, M. R. V. 2, p. 23.

See also the Gl. to R. Gl., R. Br. and Web., to which addEmare, 496, and Gower, Conf. Am. This is sufficient authority for the reading adopted in the text, and it may hence be reasonably questioned, whetherbilenedin Lye, andbelenesinSir Gawan and Sir Galoran, i. 6, quoted by Jamieson in v. Belene, be not the fault of the scribe, or of the Editors.

Bimene,v.S. mean, 1259.

Binden,v.S. to bind, 1961. Used passively, 2820, asBynde, 42.Bounden,pa. t. pl.2442.Bunden, 2506.Bounden,part. pa.545.Bunden, 1428.

Binne,adv.S. within, 584.Byn, Rits. M. R.But and ben, Doug., Virg., 123, 40; without and within. V. Jam., in v. Ben.

Birde.SeeBirþe.

Birþe (should rather bebirþ),3 p. s. pres.it behoves, 2101.Hencebirde,3 p. s. pt. t.behoved, 2761. A.S.býrian,gebýrian, to fit, suit, be to one’s taste. SeeBurenin Stratmann.

Birþene,n.S. burden, 900, 902.

Bise,n.Fr. a north wind,724.Bise traverse, a north-west or north-east wind.Cotgr.

Après grant joie vient grant ire,Et après Noelvent bise.

Après grant joie vient grant ire,

Et après Noelvent bise.

Rom. de Renart, 13648.

The term is still in common use.

Biseken,v.S. to beseech, 2994.

Biswike,part. pa.S. cheated, deceived, 1249.

Hu þubiswikestMonine mon.

Hu þubiswikest

Monine mon.

Laȝam.l. 3412.

Byswuke, K. Horn, 296; Yw. and Gaw. 2335.Bisuike, R. Br.Beswyke, R. Cœur de L. 5918.

Bitaken,v.S. [bitǽcan,tǽcan] to commit, deliver, give in charge, 1226.Bitechen, 203, 384, 395.Bi-teche,pr. sing.384;imp. sing.395. Laȝam. 5316.Bitake, Sir Tr. p. 87.Byteche, K. Horn, 577.Biteche, Web.Betake,Beteche, Chauc., Barb., Wall.Bitaucte,pa. t.delivered, 206, 558.Bitauhte, 2212, 2317, 2957.Bitawchte, 1224.Bitawte, 1408.Tauhte, 2214.Bitæht,Bitachet, Laȝam.Bitaught, Sir Tr. p. 85.Bitoke, K. Horn, 1103.Betok, Ly Beaus Desc. 82.Betauht,bitauht,tauht,biteched, R. Br. Bitake, R. Gl.Betake, Sir Guy.Betaught, Chauc.Betaucht, Doug., Lynds.

Bite,v.S. to taste, drink, 1731.

Horn toc hit hise yfere,Ant seide, Quene, so dere,No beer nullichbite,Bote of coppe white.

Horn toc hit hise yfere,

Ant seide, Quene, so dere,

No beer nullichbite,

Bote of coppe white.

K. Horn(Ritson), 1129.

Biþ for By the, 474. Cf. l. 2470.

Bituene, Bitwenen, Bitwene,prep.S. between, 748, 2668, 2967.

Blac,adj.S. black, 555, 1008.Pl.Blake, 1909, 2181, &c.

Blakne,v.S. to blacken in the face, grow angry, 2165.

And Arthur sæt ful stille,ænne stunde he wesblac,and on heuwe swithe wak,ane while he wes reod.

And Arthur sæt ful stille,

ænne stunde he wesblac,

and on heuwe swithe wak,

ane while he wes reod.

Laȝam.l. 19887.

Tho Normans were sorie, of contenance ganblaken.

R. Brunne, p. 183.

Blawe.v.S. to blow, 587.Blou,imp.blow, 585.

Blede,v.S. to bleed, 2403.

Bleike,pl. adj.bleak, pale, wan, 470. A.S.blác, bleak, Su.-G.blek.

Blenkes,n. pl.blinks, winks of the eye, in derision, 307. R. Br. p. 270; Sc. V. Jam. Suppl. Derived from S.blican, Su.-G.blænka, Belg.blencken, to glance.SeeGl. Lynds.

Blinne,v. n.S. to cease, 2367, 2374. Sir Tr. p. 26; Rits. M. R. Web., R. Gl., Chauc.; so in Sc. V. Jam. Gl. Lynds.Blinne,pa. t. pl.ceased, 2670.Blinneth,pr. t.ceases, 329.

Blissed,part pa.S. blessed, 2873.

Bliþe,adj.S. happy, 632, 651.

Blome,n.S. bloom, flower, 63.

Bloute,adj.soft, 1910. Sw.blöt, soft, pulpy.

Bode,n.S. command, 2200, 2567. Sir Tr. p. 121, Web.

Bok,n.S. book, 1173, 1418, &c.SeeMesse-bok.

Bole,n.[Isl.bolli, W.bwla. Cf. A.S.bulluca] bull, 2438.Boles,pl.2330.

Bon, Bone.SeeO-bone.

Bondemen,n. pl.S. husbandmen, 1016, 1308. R. Gl.

Bone,n.S. [bén] boon, request, 1659. Sir Tr. p. 31, and all the Gloss.

Bor,n.S. boar, 1867, 1989.Bores,pl.2331.

Bord,n.S. (1) table, 1722. K. Horn, 259; Rits. M. R., Web.,Chauc.; (2) a board, 2106.Seethe note on l. 2076.

Boren,part. pa.S. born, 1878.

Boru,n.S. borough, 773, 847, 1014, 1757, 2086, 2826.Borwes, pl.1293, 1444, 1630.Burwes, 55, 2277. Sir Tr. pp. 12, 99. Chalmers is certainly mistaken when he says it does not signifyboroughs, butcastles. Introd. Gl. p. 200. In Laȝamon the word is always clearly distinguished fromcastle, as it is in many other writers. V. Spelm. in v.Burgus.

Bote,adv.S. but, only, 721.SeeBut.

Bote,n.S. remedy, help, 1200. Laȝm., Sir Tr. p. 93; Web., Rits. M. R., Rob. Gl., R. Br., Minot, Chauc., Doug., Lynds. Gl.

Boþen,adj. pl.S. both, 173, 697, 958;g. c.of both, 2223.

Bounden, Bunden.SeeBinden.

Bour, Boure, Bowr,n.S. [búr] chamber, 239, 2072, 2076, &c. In Beowulf the apartment of the women is calledBryd-bur; l. 1846.

Ygarne beh tobure& lætte bed him makien.

Ygarne beh tobure

& lætte bed him makien.

Laȝam.l. 19042.

Honder hireboureswowe,K. Horn, 982, MS., where Rits. Ed. readschambre wowe. Cf. Sir Tr. p. 114; Rits. M. R., Web., R. Br., Doug., V. Jam.Seenote on l. 2076.

Bouthe,pa. t.S. bought, 875, 968. Cf. Sir Tr. p. 104.

Bouth,part. pa.bought, 883.

Boyes,n. pl.S. boys, men, 1899.

Brayd,pa. t.S. (1) started, 1282. Chauc., Gaw. and Gal. iii. 21; R. Hood,II.p. 83; (2) drew out, 1825, a word particularly applied to the action of drawing a sword from the scabbard.

Sone his sweord he utabræid.

Laȝam.l. 26533.

Cf. Am. and Amil. 1163; Sir Ferumbras, ap. Ellis, M. R. V. 2, p. 387. Rauf Coilzear, ap. Laing, and Wall. i. 223.

Brede,n.S. bread, 98.Bred, 1879.

Breken,v.S. to break, 914.Broken,pa. t. pl.broke, 1238.

Brennen, Brenne,v.S. to burn, 916, 1162; Rits. M. R., Rob. Gl., R. Br., Chauc.Brenden,pa. t. pl.burnt, 594, 2125.Brend,part. pa.burnt, 2832, 2841, &c. Sir Tr. p. 93.

Brenne.SeeOn brenne.

Brigge,n.S. bridge, 875. Sir Tr. p. 148. Still used in Sc. and N.E.

Brihte.SeeBrith.

Brim,adj.S. furious, raging, 2233; R. Br. p. 244; Chauc. Rom. Rose, 1836.Breme, Rits. M. R. It originally signified the sea itself, and was afterwards used for the raging of the sea, Beowulf, l. 56; Compl. of Scotland, p. 62. V. Jam.

Bringe, Bringen,v.S. to bring, 72, 185, &c.

Brini, Brinie,n.S. [Mœso-Goth.brunjo] cuirass, 1775, 2358, 2551.Brinies,pl.2610. Sir Tr. p. 20.Burne, Laȝam.Brenye, K. Horn, 719, MS.SeeMerrick’s Gl. to Ess. on Anc. Armor. TheBrinithen worn was ofmail, as appears from l. 2740,Of his brinie ringes mo. Hence in Beowulf it is termedBreostnet, l. 3100;Here-net, 3110;Hringedbyrne, 2495. So in the French K. Horn, MS. Douce,Mes vnc de sun halberc maele ne falsa.SeeRits. Gl. M. R.

Brisen,v.S. to bruise, beat, 1835.SeeTo-Brised.

Brith,adj.S. bright, 589, 605, &c.Brihte, 2610.Bryth, 1252.Brithter,comp.brighter, 2141.

Brittene,part. pa.S. destroyed, 2700; R. Br. p. 244.Pistill of Sussan, ap. Laing. In Doug., Virg. pp. 76, 5; 296, 1, the verb has the sense ofto kill, which itmay also bear here. SeeBruteninWill. of Palerne.

Brod,adj.S. broad, 1647.

Broucte,pa. t. and pp.brought, 767.Brouht, 1979.Broute, 2868.Brouth, 336, 64.Browt, 2412.Browth, 2052.Brouct of liue, 513, 2412, dead.Brouthen,pl.brought, 2791.

Brouke,1 p. pres. sing.S. brook, enjoy, use, 311, 1743, 2545 (cf. Ch.Non. Pr. Ta.480).

Sobroukethou thi croune!

K. Horn, 1041.

Cf. Rits. Gl. M. R., Rich. C. de Lion, 4578; Chauc. C. T. 10182, 15306, R. Hood, V.I.48,II.112; Lynds. Gl. Percy, A. R. In Sc.Bruike.With these numerous instances before him, it is inconceivable how Jamieson, except from a mere love of his own system, should write: ‘There is no evidence that the Engl.brookis used in this sense, signifying only to bear, to endure.’

Broys,n.S. broth, 924.Brouwys, R. Cœur de L. 3077; Sc. V. Jam. and Brockett’s North country words, v.Brewis; also Nares. Sc.brose.

Brune,adj. pl.S. brown, 2181, 2249.

Bulder,adj.orn.1790. In the north aBootherorBoulder, is a hard flinty stone, rounded like a bowl. Brockett’s Gl. So also in Grose,Boulder, a large round stone.Bowlders, Marsh. Midl. Count. Gl. The word has a common origin with Isl.ballaðr, Fr.boulet, Sc.boule, in Doug. V. Jam.

Bunden.SeeBinden.

Burgeys,n.S. burgess, 1328.Burgeis, 2466,pl.2012.Burgmen, 2049.Burhmen,Borhmen, Laȝamon., V. Spelm. in v.Burgarii.

Burwe.SeeBerwen.

Burwes.SeeBoru.

But, Bute,conj.S. except, unless, 85, 690, 1149, 1159, 2022, 2031, 2727.But on, 535, 962, except.Butand, Sc.But yf, 2972, unless. [It should be noted thatbut onshould properly beoneword, being the A.S.bútonorbútan, except. But it is written as two words in the MS.]

But,n.1040. Probably the same asPut, q.v. The wordBoutis derived from the same source.

But,part. pa.contended, struggled with each other (or perhapsstruck, thrust, pushed), 1916.Buttinge,part. pr.striking against with force, 2322. From the Fr.Bouter, Belg.Botten, to impel, or drive forward. V. Jam. Suppl. in v.Butte, andButtin Wedgwood.

Butte,n.a flounder or plaice, 759. Du.bot.SeeHalliwell.

Byen.SeeBeye.

Bynde.SeeBinden.

Bynderes,n. pl.S. binders, robbers who bind, 2050.

Caliz,n.S. chalice, 187, 2711.

Lunet than riche relikes toke,Thechalisand the mes boke.

Lunet than riche relikes toke,

Thechalisand the mes boke.

Yw. and Gaw.3907.

Callen,v.S. to call, 747, 2899.

Cam.SeeKomen.

Canst,pr. t.S. knowest, 846.Cone, 622, canst.Kunne,pl.435. V. Gl. Chauc. in v.Conne. Jam. and Gl. Lynds.SeeCouthe.

Carl,n.S. churl, slave, villain, 1789.Cherl, 682, 684, 2533.Cherles,g. c.churl’s, 1092.Cherles,pl.villains, bondsmen, 262, 620. Sir Tr. p. 39; V. Spelm. in v.Ceorlus, and Jam. and Gl. Lynds.

Casten.SeeKesten.

Catel,n.Fr. chattels, goods, 225, 2023, 2515, 2906, 2939. Web. Gl., R. Br., P. Plowm., Chauc.

Nowe hath Beuis the treasure wone,Through Arundell that wyll runne,

Nowe hath Beuis the treasure wone,

Through Arundell that wyll runne,

Wherefore with that and othercatel,He made the castle of Arundel.

Wherefore with that and othercatel,

He made the castle of Arundel.

Syr Bevys, O. iii.

Cauenard,n.Fr. [cagnard caignard] a term of reproach, originally derived from the Lat.canis, 2389. V. Roquef. Menage.

This crokedecaynardsore he is adred.

Rits. A. S. p. 36.

Sireolde kaynard, is this thin aray?

Chauc. C. T. 5817.

Cayser, Caysere,n.Lat. emperor, 977, 1317, 1725.Kaysere, 353.

Cerges,n. pl.Fr. wax tapers, 594.Serges, 2125. Chauc. Rom. R. 6251; V. Le Grand.Vie privée des F.; V. 3, p. 175.

Chaffare,n.S. merchandise, 1657. R. Cœur de L. 2468, R. Gl., Sir Ferumbras, ap. Ellis, M. R. V. 2, p. 412, Chauc., R. Hood,I.87.Chaffery, Sc. V. Lynds. Gl.

Cham for Came, 1873.

Chanbioun,n.Fr. champion, 1007. Sir Tr. p. 97.Chaunpiouns,pl.1015, 1031, 1055; V. Spelm. in v.Campio. Cf. A.S.cempa.

Chapmen,n. pl.S. merchants, 51, 1639; R. Gl., R. Br., Chauc. In Sc. pedlars. V. Jam., and Gl. Lynds.

Charbucle,n.Fr. Lat. a carbuncle, 2145.Charbocle, Syr Bevys.Charbokull, Le bone Flor. 390.Charboucle, Chauc. C. T. 13800.Charbukill, Doug. Virg. 3, 10.

Cherl.SeeCarl.

Chesen,v.S. to choose, select, 2147. Sir Tr. p. 27; K. Horn, 666; Rits. M. R., Web., R. Br., Chauc., V. Jam. in v.Cheis.

Chinche,adj.Fr. niggardly, penurious, 1763, 2941.

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