mania for State banks, their character and issues,176-79,181,188;and war finances,177,179;and speculation,181-84;frauds,184,185;resulting suits,185,198;lack of regulation,186;private,192;depreciation of notes, no specie redemption,192-95;counterfeits,195;Bank of the United States forces crisis,197-99;distress,204-06.See alsopreceding titles.Bankruptcy, M. and National act,2,481,482;lax State laws and fraud,4,200-03.See alsoOgdenvs.Saunders; Sturgesvs.Crowninshield.Bannister, John, resigns from Council of State,1,209.Barbary Powers, M. and protection from,2,499;general tribute to,499n.;Eaton and war,3,302n., 303n.Barbecue Club.SeeQuoit Club.Barbour, James, grand juror on Burr,3,413n.;counsel in Cohensvs.Virginia,4,346;on Missouri question,341.Barbour, Philip P., in debate on Supreme Court,4,395;in Virginia Constitutional Convention,484;in debate on State Judiciary,494;in debate on suffrage,502n.;appointment to Supreme Court,584n.Barlow, Joel, seditious utterances,3,30;to write Republican history of the United States,228,229,265,266;and Decree of St. Cloud,4,36,50.Barrett, Nathaniel, and Ratification,1,342,349.Barron, James,Chesapeake-Leopardaffair,3,475.Bartlett, Ichabod, counsel in Dartmouth College case,4,234.Bassett, Richard, and Judiciary Act of 1789,3,129.Bastrop lands.SeeWashita.Batture litigation,4,100-16.Bayard, James A., on hardships of travel,1,260;on French Revolution,2,32n.;and Jonathan Robins case,460;on Adams's temperament,488n.;opposition to Adams,517n.;on Jefferson-Burr contest,536,545n.,546n.;on Washington (1804),3,5n.;on Federalists and Judiciary debate (1802),71;in debate,72,79-83;appearance,78;on bill on sessions of Supreme Court,95,96;on test of repeal of Judiciary Act,123n.;on Jefferson and impeachment plan,160;on Chase impeachment,173;and Chase trial,185n.;and attempt to suspend habeas corpus (1807),347;on J. Q. Adams's Burr Conspiracy report,544.Bayardvs.Singleton,3,611.Bayly, Thomas M., on M.,4,489n.Beard, Charles A., on character of Framers,1,255n.Beaumarchais, Pierre A. Caron de, mortgage on M.'s land,2,173;American debt to, and X. Y. Z. Mission,292-94,310,314n.,317-20,332,366n.;history of debt,292n.Bedford, Gunning, Jr., in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void,3,115n.Bee, Thomas, Jonathan Robins case,2,458.Beer Co.vs.Massachusetts,4,279n.Begon, Dennis M.,Exchangecase,4,122.Belknap, Morris P., testimony in Burr trial,3,490.Bell, Samuel, and Dartmouth College case,4,234,253n.Bellamy, ——, as agent in X. Y. Z. Mission,2,261-67,272,278,293,294.Bellamy, Joseph, and Wheelock,4,227.Belligerency, of revolting provinces,4,126-28.Bellini, Charles, professor at William and Mary,1,155n.Bentham, Jeremy, and Burr,3,537n.Benton, Thomas H., duelist,3,278n.;counsel in Craigvs.Missouri,4,512.Berkeley, Sir William, M. on,3,242n.Berlin Decree,4,6n.Berrien, John M., practitioner before M.,4,237n.Beverly, Munford, grand juror on Burr,3,413n.Biddeford, Me., and Ratification,1,340.Biddle, Nicholas, management of the Bank,4,529;conduct,529n.Biddle, Richard.SeeGreenvs.Biddle.Bill of Rights, and Virginia's extradition act (1784),1,238-41;and National Government,239;contest over lack of Federal,334,439;first ten Federal amendments,2,57-59.See alsoGovernment.Bingham, William, wealth,2,202n.Binghamton Bridge case,4,280n.Biography of Washington, M. undertakes, financial motive,2,211n.,3,223,224;importance in life of M.,223;estimate of financial return, negotiations with publishers,224-27;agreement,227,228;delay in beginning,227,235;M.'s desire for anonymity,228,236,237;Jefferson's plan to offset,228,229,265,266;solicitation of subscriptions, postmasters as agents,230,234;Weems as agent, popular distrust,230-34,252;small subscription,235;list of subscribers,235n.;financial problem, change in contract,236,250,251;problems of composition, delay and prolixity,236-39,241,246-49,251;publication of first two volumes,239;M. and praise and criticism,240,241,245-47,271;revised edition,241,247,247n.,272;character of first volumes,242-45,249;royalty,247,251;mistake in plan, compression of vital formative years,249,250,258;volumes on American Revolution,253-56;without political effect,256,257;character of final volume (1783-99),257-65;Federalists on last volume,265;Jefferson on biography,265-69;other criticism,269-71;edition for school-children,273n.Bishop, Abraham, pamphlet on Yazoo lands,3,570.Bissel, Daniel, and Burr conspiracy,3,361,462.Black, George, practitioner before M.,4,237n.Blackstone, Sir William, M. and Commentaries,1,56.Blackwood's Magazine, on M.'s biography of Washington,3,271.Blain, ——, and Attorney-Generalship,2,132.Blair, John, Commonwealthvs.Caton,3,611.Blair, John D., at Barbecue Club,2,183.Bland, Theodoric, on Randolph's apostasy (1788),1,378.Blennerhassett, Harman, beginning of Burr's connection,3,291;joins enterprise,301,310,313;newspaper letters,311;island as center, gathering there,324,425-27,484,488-91;attack by militia, flight,325;joins Burr,361;indicted for treason,465;on Martin's intemperance,501n.;attempt to seduce,514;nolle prosequi,515,524;on Wilkinson at trial,523n.;on Jefferson's hatred of M.,525;commitment for trial in Ohio,527;on M.,528,531;and Baltimore mob,538;Wirt's speech on,616-18.See alsoBurr Conspiracy.Blennerhassett, Mrs. Harman, warns Burr,3,316.Blockade, M.'s protest on paper,2,511.Blomfield, Samuel,1,23n.Bloomington, Ohio, bank (1820),4,192n.Boarding-houses at Washington (1801),3,2,7.Bollmann, Justus E., takes Burr's letter to Wilkinson,3,307;career,307n.arrested,332,334;brought to Washington,343;held for trial,344-46;discharged by Supreme Court,346-57;interview with Jefferson, Jefferson's violation of faith,391,392;question of evidence and pardon,392,430,431,450-54;not indicted,466n.Bonus Bill, Madison's veto,4,418;further attempt,419.Boone, Daniel, and British debts,1,229n.Boston, Jacobin enthusiasm,2,35,36;protest on Jay Treaty,115,116;Yazoo land speculation,3,567.BostonColumbian Centinel.SeeColumbian Centinel.Boston Commercial Gazette, on obligation of contracts,3,558.Boston Daily Advertiser, on Dartmouth College case,4,254n.,255n.Boston Gazette, on bribery in Ratification,1,353n.;on French Revolution,2,5.Boston Gazette-Commercial and Political, on Republican Party (1799),3,12.Boston Independent Chronicle, on the Cincinnati,1,293;on Publicola papers,2,19;seditious utterances,3,43-46;on repeal of Judiciary Act,94,99;on Marburyvs.Madison and impeachment,112n., 113n.Boston Palladium, on repeal of Judiciary Act,3,93;threatens secession,97.Botetourt, Lord, fate of Virginia statue,2,35.Botta, Carlo G. G., Jefferson on history,3,266.Botts, Benjamin, counsel for Burr,3,407;and motion to commit Burr for treason,415,424;on subpœna to Jefferson,438;on overt act,497-500;on popular hatred,516.Boudinot, Elias, on Adams for Chief Justice,2,554.Bowles, William A., M. and activity,2,497-99.Bowmanvs.Middleton,3,612.Boyce, Robert, suit,4,478.Boycevs.Anderson,4,478.Brackenridge, Hugh H., and Addison,3,47n.Braddock, Edward, defeat,1,2-5;reputation,2n.;effect of defeat on colonists,5,6,9.Bradford, William, Attorney-General, death,2,122,123.Bradley, Stephen R., and Pickering impeachment,3,168n.at Chase trial,183n.;votes to acquit Chase,218,219.Braintree, Mass., denounces lawyers,3,23n.Brandywine campaign,1,93-98.Brearly, David, Holmesvs.Walton,3,611.Breckenridge, John, and Kentucky Resolutions,2,398,398n.,3,58n.;in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act of 1801,58,59,66,68-70;Attorney-General,58n.Brig Wilsonvs.United States,4,428,429.Bright, Michael, and Olmstead case,4,21.Brightwell, Theodore, and Burr conspiracy,3,367.Brigstock, William, case,2,464.Briscoevs.Bank of Kentucky, facts, currency of State-owned bank,4,582;equal division of Supreme Court,583,584;State upheld, Story voices M.'s dissent,584n.British debts, conditions and controversy in Virginia,1,215,223-31;amount in Virginia,295n.;in Ratification debate,441,444,464;before Federal courts, Warevs.Hylton,2,83,186-92;in Jay Treaty,114,121n.;disruption of commission on,500-02;M. on disruption and compromise,502-05;settlement,3,103.Brockenbrough, John, grand juror on Burr,3,413n.;political control,4,174;and redemption of his bank's notes,194;and stock of Bank of the United States,318.Brooks, John, and Ratification,1,347n.Broom, James M., and Burr conspiracy,3,358.Brown, Adam, and Livingston steamboat monopoly,4,411.Brown, Alexander.SeeBrownvs.Maryland.Brown, Ethan A., counsel in Osbornvs.Bank,4,385.Brown, Francis, elected President of Dartmouth,4,229;and Kent,258n.Brown, Henry B., on Dartmouth College case,4,280.Brown, John, of R.I., and slave trade (1800),2,449.Brown, John, of Va. and Ky., on lack of patriotism (1780),1,157;on Wythe as professor,158;dinner to,2,131n.;and Pickering impeachment,3,168n.;Indiana Canal Company,291n.;and Burr conspiracy,292.Brown, Noah, and Livingston steamboat monopoly,4,411.Brownvs.Maryland, facts,4,454;counsel,455;M.'s opinion,455-59;State license on importers an import duty,455-57;and a regulation of foreign commerce,457-59;as precedent,459,460.Bruff, James, testimony in Burr trial,3,523n.Bryan, George, and Centinel letters,1,335n.Bryan, Joseph, and Randolph,3,566.Buchanan, J., Barbecue Club,2,183.Buchanan, James, and attack on Supreme Court,4,515.Bullitt, William M., book of M.'s possessed by,1,186n.Burford,ex parte,3,154n.Burgess, John W., on revolutionary action of Framers,1,323n.Burke, Ædanus, and the Cincinnati,1,293;shipwrecked,3,55n.Burke, Edmund, on French Revolution,2,10-12.Burling, Walter, and Burr conspiracy,3,329.Burnaby, Andrew, plea for reunion with England,1,130,131.Burr, Aaron, and X. Y. Z. Mission,2,281;suppresses Wood's book,380n.;and Hamilton's attack on Adams,528;character, and appearance,535,3,371,372;presides over Senate,67;and repeal of Judiciary Act, personal effect,67,68n.,279;and Pickering impeachment,168n.;arranges Senate for Chase trial,179n.;as presiding officer of trial,180,183,218,219;effort of Administration to conciliate,181;farewell address to Senate,274;plight on retirement from Vice-Presidency,276-78,285;Hamilton's pursuit,277n.;the duel,278n.;Jefferson's hostility, isolation,279,280;toast on Washington's birthday,280;candidacy for Governor,281;and Federalist secession plots,281;and Manhattan Company charter,287n.;gratitude to Jackson,405;later career,537n., 538n.;and Martin,538n.;death, monument,538n.;report on Yazoo lands,570.See alsoBurr Conspiracy; Elections (1800).Burr, Levi,ex parte,3,537n.Burr conspiracy, and life of M.,3,275;Burr's plight on retirement from Vice-Presidency,276-78;Jefferson's hostility and isolation of Burr,279-81;Burr and Federalist Secessionists,281;West and Union,282-84;popular desire to free Spanish America,284,286;expected war with Spain,285;West as field for rehabilitation of Burr,286;his earlier proposal to invade Spanish America,286;Burr's intrigue with Merry, real purpose,287-90,299;first western trip,290;conference with Dayton,290;Wilkinson's connection, he proposes Mexican invasion,290,294,297,460;and Blennerhassett,291;conference at Cincinnati,291;in Kentucky,291,296;plan for Ohio River canal,291n.;in Tennessee, Jackson's relationship,292-96;Burr and Tennessee seat in House,292;no proposals for disunion,292,297,303,312;invasion of Mexico, contingent on war,292n.,294-96,298,301-03,306-09,312,313,319,460-62,523,527;settlement of Washita lands,292n.,303,310,312,313,314n.,319,324n.,361n.,362,461,462,523,527;Burr at New Orleans,294,295;disunion rumors, Spanish source,296,298,299;Wilkinson plans to abandon Burr,298,300n.,320;Casa Yrujo intrigue, purpose,300,300n.;and Miranda's plans,300,301,306,308;hopes,301,302;Wilkinson on frontier, expected to precipitate war,302,307,308,314;Burr requests diplomatic position,302;Burr's conferences with Truxton and Decatur,302,303;and with Eaton, Eaton's report of it,303-05,307,345;Jefferson and reports of plans,305,310,315,317,323,338n.;Burr's letter to Jackson for military preparation,306;Burr begins second journey,307,309;cipher letter to Wilkinson by Swartwout and Bollmann,307-09,614,615;Morgan visit, report of it to Jefferson,309,310;Blennerhassett's enthusiasm, his newspaper letters mentioning disunion,310,311;gathering at his island,311,324,325,425-27,484,488-91;recruits,311,313,324,326,360;Wilkinson's letters to Adair and Smith,314;renewal of disunion reports,315,316;Burr denies disunion plans,316,318n.,319,326;arrest and release of Burr in Kentucky,317-19;Administration's knowledge of Burr's plans,318n.;Wilkinson and Swartwout,320,465;Wilkinson's revelations to Jefferson,321-23,334,341,352-56;Jefferson's action on revelations, proclamation against expedition,324,327;seizure of supplies,324;militia attack on Blennerhassett's island, flight of gathering there,325;Burr afloat,326,360-62;popular belief in disunion plan,327;Wilkinson's pretended terror,328;his appeal for funds to Viceroy,329;and to Jefferson,330;his reign of terror at New Orleans,330-37;Jefferson's Annual Message on,337;mystery and surmises at Washington,338;House demand for information,339;Special Message declaring Burr guilty,339-41;effect of message on public opinion,341;Wilkinson's prisoners brought to Washington,343,344;Swartwout and Bollmann held for trial,344-46;payment of Eaton's claim,345n.;Supreme Court writ of habeas corpus for Swartwout and Bollmann,346;attempt of Congress to suspend privilege of writ,346-48;discharge of Swartwout and Bollmann, M.'s opinion,348-57;constitutional limitation of treason,349-51;necessity of overt act,351,442;presence at overt act, effect of misunderstanding of M.'s opinion,350,414n.,484,493,496,502,504-13,540,619-26;lack of evidence of treasonable design,353-56,377-79,388;Judiciary and Administration and public opinion,357,376,388;House debate on Wilkinson's conduct,358-60;Burr's assembly on island at mouth of Cumberland,361;boats,361n.;Burr in Mississippi, grand jury refuses to indict him,363-65;release refused, flight and military arrest,365-68,374;taken to Richmond,368-70;M.'s warrant for civil arrest,370;preliminary hearing before M.,370,372,379;Burr and M. contrasted,371,372;bail question,372,379,380,423,424,429,516;Burr's statement at hearing,374;M.'s opinion, commits for high misdemeanor only,375-79;M.'s conduct and position at trials,375,397,404,407,408,413n.,421,423,480,494,517,526;