See alsoDirectory; Franco-American War; French and Indian War; French Revolution; Napoleonic Wars; Neutral trade; X. Y. Z. Mission.Franco-American War, preparations,2,355,357,403;Washington on,357;Jefferson and prospect,358;French hostility as Federalist asset,422,424,427;political result of reopening negotiations,422-28,433,436;naval exploits,427;M. and renewal of negotiations,428;M. on need of continued preparedness, debate on reducing army (1800),436,439,476-81;army as political issue,439;Sandwichincident,496;England and renewal of negotiations,501;negotiations and presidential campaign,522,524;M. and prospects of negotiations,522,523;treaty,524;treaty in Senate,525;Ameliacase,3,16,17.See alsoX. Y. Z. Mission.Franklin, Benjamin, Albany Plan,1,9n.;on newspaper abuse,268,269,3,204;in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void,115n.Franklin, Jesse, and Pickering impeachment,3,168n.;of Smith committee,541n.Franks, Rebecca, on British occupation of Philadelphia,1,109.Fraud, and obligation of contracts,3,587,598,599.Frederick County, Va., Indian raids,1,1n.Fredericksburg, Va., as Republican stronghold (1798),2,354.Free ships, free goods, Jay Treaty and,2,114,128;and X. Y. Z. Mission,303-05;and neutral goods in enemy ships,4,137-41."Freeholder," queries to M. (1898), M.'s reply,2,386-89,574-77.Freeman, Constant, and Burr conspiracy,3,330.French and Indian War, raids,1,1,30n.;Braddock's march and defeat,2-5;effect of defeat on colonists,5,6,9.French decrees on Neutral trade,4,6,7,26,36-39.French Revolution, influence of American Revolution,2,1;influence on United States,2-4,42-44;universality of early American approval,4,9;Morris's unfavorable reports,6-9,248;first division of American opinion,10,15,22;Burke's warning,10-12;influence of Paine'sRights of Man,12-15;Adams's Publicola papers,15-18;replies to them,18,19;American enthusiasm and popular support,19,22,23,27-31;influence on politicians,20;influence of St. Domingo rising,20-22;conservative American opinion,23,32,40;Jefferson on influence,24,39;Jefferson's support of excesses,24-26;Short's reports,24n., 25n.;popular reception of Genêt, his conduct,28,29,301;humors of popular enthusiasm,34-36;and hostility to titles,36-38;American democratic clubs,38-40,88,89;economic division of opinion,42;policy of American neutrality,92-107;British depredations on neutral trade, question of war,108-12;Jay Treaty,112-15;support of Republican Party,131n.,223;Monroe as Minister,222,224;Henry's later view,411.See alsoDirectory.Freneau, Philip, on country editor,1,270n.;on frontiersman,275;defends French Revolution,2,30n.;on Lafayette,33;as Jefferson's mouthpiece,81;attacks on Washington,93n.;on Jay Treaty,118.Fries's Insurrection, pardons,2,429-31,3,36n.;M. on,2,435;trial,8,34-36.Frontier, advance after French and Indian War,1,38;qualities of frontiersmen,28-31,235,274-77,4,188-90;conditions of life,1,39-41,53,54n.;and Virginia foreign extradition act (1784),236-41.See alsoWest.Frontier posts, retention and non-payment of British debts,1,225,227,230,2,108,111;surrender,114.Fulton, Robert, steamboat experiments, Livingston's interest,4,397-99;partnership and success, grant of New York monopoly,400;and steamboats on the Mississippi, monopoly in Louisiana,402,414.See alsoGibbonsvs.Ogden.Fulton Street, New York, origin of name,4,402n.Funding.SeePublic debt.Fur-trade, and retention of frontier posts,2,108.Gaillard, John, votes to acquit Chase,3,218.Gaines, Edward P., and Burr conspiracy,3,367,456n.Gallatin, Albert, and M. in Richmond (1784),1,183;on Murray and French negotiations,2,423n.;and cession of Western Reserve,446;and Jonathan Robins case,464,474;on Jefferson-Burr contest,547;on Washington (1802),3,4;commission on Georgia's cession,574n.Gamble, John G., Burr's security,3,429n.Garnett, James M., grand juror on Burr,3,413n.Garnett, Robert S., on Nationalism and overthrow of slavery,4,536.Gaston, William, and Granville heirs case,4,156n.Gates, Horatio, Conway Cabal,1,121-23.Gazette of the United States, lack of public support,2,30;on M.'s reception (1798),344;on Republican success (1800),532n.Gazor, Madame de, actress,2,232.General welfare, clause feared,1,333;M. on protection (1788),414;and internal improvements,4,418.See alsoImplied powers.Georgetown in 1801,3,3.Genêt, Edmond C., popular and official reception,2,28,29;M.'s review of conduct,301.Georgia, Ratification,1,325;conditions (1795),3,552;western claim and cession,553,569,570,573;tax on Bank of the United States,4,207;and M'Cullochvs.Maryland,334;steamboat monopoly,415.See alsoCherokee Indians; Yazoo.Georgia Company, Yazoo land purchase,3,550.See alsoYazoo.Georgia Mississippi Company, Yazoo land purchase,3,550.See alsoYazoo.Germantown, Pa., battle,1,102.Germantown, Va., on frontier,1,7.Gerry, Elbridge, on revolutionary action of Framers,1,324;and Ratification,352,353;on Judiciary Act of 1789,3,54;accident (1790),55n.;in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void,115n.;and on obligation of contracts,558n.See alsoX. Y. Z. Mission.Gettysburg Address, M. and,4,293n.Gibbons, Thomas, and Livingston steamboat monopoly,4,409-11.See alsoGibbonsvs.Ogden.Gibbonsvs.Ogden, steamship monopoly in New York,4,401;claim to monopoly in interstate voyages, opposition, retaliatory acts,403,404,415;early suits on monopoly, avoidance of Federal Constitution,405;Kent's opinion on monopoly and power over interstate commerce,406-12;concurrent or exclusive power,409,426,427,434-38,443-45;early history of final case,409-12;importance and effect of decision,413,423,429,446,447,450;counsel before Supreme Court,413,423,424;continuance,413;increase of State monopoly grants,414,415;great development of steamboat transportation,415,416;suit and internal improvements controversy,416-21;and tariff controversy,421;political importance,422;specific question,422;origin of commerce clause in Constitution,422;argument,424-37;confusion in State regulation,426;M.'s earlier decision on subject,427-29;M.'s opinion,429-33;field of term commerce, navigation,431,432;power oversteps State boundaries,433;supremacy of National coasting license over State regulations,438-41;effect of strict construction,442;Johnson's opinion,443;popularity of decision,445;later New York decision upholding,447-51.Gibson, John B., and M.,4,82.Gilchristvs.Collector,3,154n.Giles, William B., attack on Hamilton,2,84n.;on Jay Treaty and Fairfax estate,129;accuses M. of hypocrisy,140;on Washington,165n.;deserts Congress (1798),340n.;and Judiciary Bill (1801),551;and assault on Judiciary, repeal of Act of 1801,3,22,76-78,4,490,491;as House leader,3,75;appearance,76;and M.,76n.;accident (1805),55n.;on spoils,157;leader in Senate,157n.,159n.;on right of impeachment,158,173;attempt to win Burr,182;and Chase trial,197;vote on Chase,218,219;and bill to suspend habeas corpus (1807),346;and Judiciary and Burr trial,357,382,507;and grand jury on Burr,410,422;and attempted expulsion of Senator Smith,544;on Yazoo claims,581;on Federalists as Anglicans,4,10;and recharter of first Bank of the United States,174;in Virginia Constitutional Convention,484;conservatism there,489,507;in debate on State Judiciary,490-492,496,499;reflects on Jefferson,491.Gilmer, Francis W., on M. as a lawyer,2,178,193-95;character,396n.Gindrat, Henry, and Yazoo lands act,3,546,547.Goddard, Calvin, in Judiciary debate (1802),3,74n.,87.Goode, Samuel, and slavery,2,450.Goodrich, Chauncey, on Federalist confusion (1800),2,516;and new French negotiations,522;on Dartmouth College case,4,237n.,248.Goodrich, Samuel G., on state of education (c. 1790),1,271.Gordon, William F., and bill on Supreme Court,4,515,516.Gore, Christopher, argument for Ratification,1,343.Gorham, Nathaniel, on Constitutionalist leaders in Massachusetts,1,347n.Government, general dislike after Revolution,1,232,275,284,285,289;effect of Paine'sCommon Sense,288.See alsoAnarchy; Bill of Rights; Confederation; Congress; Continental Congress; Crime; Demagogism; Democracy; Despotism; Division of powers; Federal Constitution; Judiciary; Law and order; Legislature; Liberty; License; Majority; Marshall, John (Chief Justice); Monarchy; Nationalism; Nobility; Nullification; People; Police powers; Politics; President; Religious tests; State Rights; Secession; Separation of powers; Treason; Suffrage.Governor, powers of territorial,2,446.Grace, brig,2,219.Graham, Catharine M., on American and French revolutions,2,2n.Graham, John, and Burr conspiracy,3,323,324,326,456n.Grand jury, character of early Federal charges,3,30n.;in Burr trial,408-15,422,442,451.Granger, Gideon, and drinking,3,9n.;and Yazoo claims, Randolph's denunciation,576n.,577,578,581;and Connecticut Reserve,578;and Justiceship,4,109,110.Granville heirs case,4,154,155,155n.,156n.Graves, James, case,4,552n.Gravier, John, New Orleans batture controversy,4,102.Gray, William F., on M.,4,67n.Graydon, Alexander, on Ratification in Pennsylvania,1,327n.;on military titles,328n.;on reception of Genêt,2,29.Grayson, William, in the Legislature,1,203;on Ratification in Virginia,402,403n.;characterized,423;in debate in Ratification Convention,424-27,431,435,436,438,461,470;appeal to fear,439n.;on prospect of Ratification,442,444;on Washington's influence on it,475;chosen Senator,2,50;on Judiciary Act of 1789,3,54.Great Bridge, battle of,1,76-78.Great Britain, Anti-Constitutionalist praise of government,1,391,405,426;M.'s reply,418;depredations on neutral trade (1793-94),2,107,108;retention of frontier posts,108;unpreparedness for war with,108-10;courts war,110-12;Jay Treaty,112-15;American and French relations and X. Y. Z. Mission,271,283,312,321,322;French negotiations (1797),295;French preparations to invade (1798),321,322;and Bowles in Florida,498;disruption of commission on British debts, compromise,500-05;and renewal of American negotiations with France,501;M.'s protest on depredations on neutral trade,506-14;Federalists as partisans,4,2-5,9,10;Jefferson's hatred,8,11n.,26n.See alsoAmerican Revolution; British debts; Jay Treaty; Napoleonic Wars; Neutral trade; War of 1812.Green, John.SeeGreenvs.Biddle.Greenvs.Biddle,4,375,376,380.Greene, Nathanael, on state of the army (1776),1,81;intrigue against,122;as Quartermaster-General,133;Johnson's biography,3,267n.Greene, Mrs. Nathanael, and Eli Whitney,3,555.Gregg, Andrew, and reply to President's address (1799),2,436.Grenville, Lord, and British debts,2,502.Grey, Sir Charles, in Philadelphia campaign,1,100.Greybell, ——, evidence in Burr trial,3,451.Griffin, Cyrus, Warevs.Hylton,2,188;and trial of Burr,3,398;Jefferson's attempt to influence,520;question of successor,4,100,103-06;career,105n.Grigsby, Hugh B., on hardships of travel,1,260;on prosperity of Virginia,306n.;on importance of Virginia in Ratification,359;value of work on Virginia Ratification Convention,369n.;on Giles,3,75n.Griswold, Roger, Judiciary Bill (1801),2,548;in Judiciary debate (1802),3,74n.,89;on bill on sessions of Supreme Court,96;on secession,152;and Burr and secession,281,289.Grundy, Felix, and War of 1812,4,29.Gunn, James, on enlargement of Federal Judiciary,2,548;on Chief Justiceship,553;and Yazoo lands,3,549,550,555;character,550n.;burned in effigy,559.Gurley, R. R., and M. and American Colonization Society,4,474.Habeas corpus, attempt of Congress to suspend privileges of writ (1807),3,346-48.Hague, The, M. on,2,231."Hail, Columbia!" origin, historic importance,2,343.Hale, Benjamin, and Dartmouth College case,4,239n.Hale, Joseph, on Republican rule (1801),3,12;on plans against Judiciary,22.Hall, John E., and Jefferson's attack on Judiciary,4,364.Hamilton, Alexander, in Philadelphia campaign,1,101;army intrigue against,122;on revolutionary action of Framers,323n.;and organization of Constitutionalists,357,358;on importance of Ratification by Virginia,358;compared with Madison,397n.;financial aid to Lee,435n.;and aid for Fenno,2,30n.;financial measures,60;deal on Assumption and Capital,63,64;on Virginia's protest on Assumption,68;on constitutionality of Bank,72-74;and antagonism in Cabinet,82;congressional inquiry,84;and Whiskey Insurrection,87;on constitutionality of Neutrality Proclamation,95;on mercantile support of Jay Treaty,116,148;mobbed,116;defense of Jay Treaty, Camillus letters,120;and Henry's presidential candidacy (1796),157n.;and appointment to X. Y. Z. Mission,227;on Alien and Sedition Acts,382;on Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions,408;control over Adams's Cabinet,486-88;attack on Adams,516,517n.,527-29;on new French treaty,524;and Jefferson-Burr contest,533,536;statement inFederaliston judicial supremacy,3,119,120;Adams on, and French War,258n.;M.'s biography of Washington on,263;pursuit of Burr,277n.,281;duel,278n.;and army in French War,277n.;and Spanish America,286n.;opinion on Yazoo lands,568,569;and Harper's opinion,572n.Hamilton, James, Jr., on Tariff of 1824,4,537;and of 1828,537;and Nullification,560,574.Hammond, Charles, counsel in Osbornvs.Bank,4,385.Hampton, Wade, and Yazoo lands,3,548,566n.Hancock, John, and Ratification,1,339,344,347;Madison on,339n.Handwriting, M.'s,1,211.Hanson, A. C, on Embargo and secession,4,17.Harding, Chester, portraits of M., on M.,4,76,85.Harding, Samuel B., on bribery in Massachusetts Ratification,1,354n.Hare, Charles W., on Embargo,4,17n.Harper, John L., Osbornvs.Bank,4,329,330.Harper, Robert G., on French and Jefferson (1797),2,279n.;mob threat against,355;cites Marburyvs.Madison,3,154n.;counsel for Chase,185;argument,206;counsel for Swartwout and Bollmann,345;and Yazoo lands, pamphlet and debate,555,571,572,573n.;counsel in Fletchervs.Peck,585;and Story,4,98;on Pinkney,131n.;counsel in Fairfax's Deviseevs.Hunter's Lessee,156;counsel in Osbornvs.Bank,385.Harper, William, Marburyvs.Madison,3,110.Harrison, Benjamin, and British debts,1,231;in the Legislature,203;in Ratification Convention: and delay,372;characterized,420;in the debate,421;and amendments,473.Harrison, Thomas, grand juror on Burr,3,413n.Harrison, William Henry. Wilkinson's letter introducing Burr,3,298.Hartford Convention,4,51.Harvard University, M.'s sons attend,4,73;honorary degree to M.,89.Harvey, ——, and Jay Treaty,2,121.Harvie, Emily, acknowledgment to,4,528n.Harvie, Jacquelin B., and Callender trial,3,192;