resolutions of Virginia Legislature,131-37;indirect legislative censure of Washington,137-40;proposed constitutional amendments caused by,141-13;contest in Congress, petitions,148,149,155;Richmond meeting and petition favoring,149-55;M. and commissionship under,200-02;France and,223;and X. Y. Z. Mission,303-08;submitted to French Minister,305;and contraband,306;Jonathan Robins case under,458-75;disruption of commission on British debts,500-02;M. and disruption and compromise,502-05;Federal common-law trials for violating,3,24-29;divulged,63n.;settlement of British debts,103;and land grants,4,148,153,157Jefferson, Jane (Randolph),1,10,11.Jefferson, Peter, similarity to M.'s father,1,11;ancestry,11n.Jefferson, Thomas,pre-presidential years:relations with M.,1,9,10;similarity in conditions of M.'s birth,11n.;Randolph and Isham ancestry,10,11;Jefferson ancestry,11,12;landed estate,20n.;on Virginia society,21,22;as statesman,32;accused of shirking duty during Revolution,126-30;in service of State,128;as Governor,143;and Arnold's invasion,143-45;and Rebecca Burwell,149;on William and Mary,156;licenses M. to practice law,161;as letter writer,183n.;in Legislature,203;use of Council of State as a machine,210;chancery act (1777),219;on British debts,223n.,228n.,295n.;debts for slaves,224n.;cause of retained faith in democracy,253;on hardships of travel,259;use of cipher,266n.;on license of the press,270;on sectional characteristics,278-80;inappreciative of conditions under Confederation,286,314-16;on the Cincinnati,292;defense of Shays's Rebellion, preparation to lead radicalism,302-04,2,52;dislike of commerce,1,316;on Randolph and Ratification,378;favors amendment before Ratification,478;influence of French Revolution on,2,4,44;on first movements of it,5;approbation ofRights of Man,14,15,16n.;on Publicola papers,19n.;on St. Domingo negro insurrection,21;on influence of French Revolution on American government,24,39;upholds excesses of French Revolution,25,26;on reception of Genêt,29;development of Republican Party,46,81-83,91,96;political fortunes broken (1785),46n.;first attitude toward Federal Constitution,47;cold reception (1789),57;deal on Assumption and Capital,63,64,82n.;tardy views on unconstitutionality of Assumption,70;opinion on Bank of United States,71;converts Madison,79;attempt to sidetrack M. (1792),79-81;and antagonism in Cabinet,82;on results of funding,85;and Whiskey Insurrection,90,91;opposition to Neutrality,94;resignation from Cabinet,96;and drinking,102n.;attacks Jay Treaty,118,121;accuses M. of hypocrisy (1795),139,140;and abuse of Washington,164;growth of feud with M.,165;on M.'s reason for accepting French mission,211;and Monroe's attack on Washington,222n.;and appointment to X. Y. Z. Mission,227;and Gerry's appointment,227;experience in France contrasted with M.'s,289;and news of X. Y. Z. Mission,335;and X. Y. Z. dispatches,336,339-41;and M.'s return and reception,345,346;call on M.,346,347;and expected French War,358;open warfare on M.,358;attempt to undo effect of X. Y. Z. Mission,359-63,368;and Langhorne letter,375n.;and Alien and Sedition Acts, hysteria, method of attack,382,384,397,399;Kentucky Resolutions,397;expects M.'s defeat (1798),411;and M.'s election,419;on Henry's support of M.,419,420;on general election results (1798),420;and M.'s visit to Kentucky,421;on renewal of French negotiations,428;on M. and Disputed Elections Bill,456;and Jonathan Robins case,459,475;blindness to M.'s merit,475;on Burr and Republican success (1800),535n.;M.'s opinion (1800),537;Mazzei letter,537n., 538n.;and Judiciary Bill,549,550;on Chief Justiceship (1801),553n.;on midnight appointments,561n.,562;inappreciative of importance of M.'s Chief Justiceship,562;in Washington boarding-house,3,7;on common-law jurisdiction of National Judiciary,29;on Lyon trial,31;on right of judges to declare acts void (1786),117;merits of Declaration of Independence,118.See alsoElections (1800).As President and after:Wines,3,9;M. on, as terrorist,11;on Federalist forebodings,14;on renewal of European War,14;policy of isolation,14n.;and bargain of election,18;M. on inaugural,18;programme of demolition, caution,18-20;and popularity,19n.;plans against National Judiciary, suppressed paragraph of message (1801),20-22,51-53,57,605,606;on Judiciary as Federalist stronghold,21;and repeal of Judiciary Act of 1801,21n.;and subpœna in Burr trial,33,86n.,323,433-47,450,454-56,518-22;and Callender,36,38;on Giles,75n.;partisan rewards by,81n.,208;Morris on,90n.;as following Washington's footsteps,100n.;and settlement of British debt controversy,103;and Adams's justices of the peace,110;desires to appoint Roane Chief Justice,113;and opinion in Marburyvs.Madison,143-45,154n.,431,432;branches of the Bank and practical politics,145;and New Orleans problem,145,146;dilemma of Louisiana Purchase,147-49;secretiveness,149;scents Republican misgivings of assault on Judiciary,155;andAurora'scondemnation of Judiciary,159n.;head of impeachment programme,160;and impeachment of Pickering,164n.,165,166;and impeachment of Chase,170;break with Randolph,174;advances to Burr during Chase trial,181,182;reward of Pickering trial witnesses,181;reëlected,197;Rodney's flattery,212;abandons impeachment programme,221,389;plan to counteract M.'s biography of Washington,228,229;preparation of Anas,229;M. on, in the biography,244,259,263,263n.;on the biography,265-69;on Botta's History,266;hostility to Burr,279,280;and secession of New England,283,4,15n.,30n.;and war with Spain,3,285,301,313,383n.;and Miranda,300,301;receives Burr (1806),301;hostility of naval officers,302,458n.,459n.;and Eaton,302;Eaton's report to, of Burr's plans,304;and other reports,305,310,315,317,323,338n.;Wilkinson's revelation of Burr's plans,321,322;action on Wilkinson's revelation, proclamation,324,327;Annual Message on Conspiracy,337;Special Message declaring Burr guilty,339-41;its effect,341;and Swartwout and Bollmann,344,391,392,430;on arrest of Burr,368n.;M.'s reflection on conduct in conspiracy,376;as prosecutor, prestige involved, on the trial,383-91,406,417,419,422,430-432,437,451,476,477,499;continued hostility to Judiciary,384,388,4,339,362,363,368-70,538;on making stifled evidence at Burr trial public,3,422,515;pardons to obtain evidence,392,393;M.'s defiance at trial of Burr,404;Jackson's denunciation,404,457n.;Hay's reports on Burr trial,415;on Martin,450,451;bolsters Wilkinson,472;andChesapeake-Leopardaffair,475-77,4,9;orders further trials of Burr,3,515,522;and Daveiss's pamphlet,525;and attacks on M. during trial,526,535;Message on trial, hints at impeachment of M.,530-32;on Georgia's western claim,553;and Yazoo claims,592;prejudice-holding,4,2;love of France,3;and attacks on neutral trade,7n.,8,9,11;hostility to England,8,11n.,26n.;on Federalist defense of British,10;toast on freedom of the seas,23;and Hay's pamphlet on impressment,53;on M.'s control over Supreme Court,59;and M.'s integrity,90n.;enmity to Story,98-100;Livingston case and Madison's judicial appointments,100-16;control of Virginia politics,146;and Martinvs.Hunter's Lessee,160;and first Bank of the United States,172;and second Bank,180n.;onNiles' Register,183n.;on financial madness (1816),186;on crisis of 1819,204;on Nathaniel Niles,227;on charters and obligation of contracts,230n.;and Taylor's exposition of State Rights,339;M. on Jefferson's later attacks,363-66;advocates resistance by States,368;and amendment on Judiciary (1821),371,378;and demand for revision of Virginia Constitution,468,469,502n.,508;called theoretical by Giles,491;M.'s attitude toward,579,580.Jenkinson, Isaac, account of Burr episode,3,538n.Jennings, William H., Cohensvs.Virginia,4,345.Johnson, James, and second Bank of the United States,4,196n.,288.Johnson, Reverdy, counsel in Brownvs.Maryland,4,455n.Johnson, Richard M., on Missouri question,4,341;proposed amendment and attack on Judiciary,371-79,450.Johnson, William, opinion on common-law jurisdiction,3,28n.;appointed Justice,109n.,159n.;and mandamus,154n.;biography of Greene,266;and release of Swartwout and Bollmann,349;opinion in Fletchervs.Peck,592;character,4,60;appearance,132;dissent in Martinvs.Hunter's Lessee,157,165,166;and Dartmouth College case,255,256,258n.;dissent in Greenvs.Biddle,381n.;Nationalist opinion in Elkison case,382,383;opinion in Osbornvs.Bank,394;opinion in Gibbonsvs.Ogden,443-45;opinion in Ogdenvs.Saunders,481n.;dissent in Craigvs.Missouri,513;ill,582;and Briscoevs.Bank and New Yorkvs.Miln,583;death,584.Johnson, William S., and Judiciary Act of 1789,3,129.Johnson, Zachariah, in Virginia Ratification Convention,1,474.Johnsonvs.Bourn,2,181n.Johnston, Josiah S., on Nullification,4,555.Johnston, Samuel, on hardships of travel,1,255.Jonathan Robins case, facts,2,458;Republican attacks,459;before Congress, proof that Nash was not American,460;basis of debate in House,460,461;Republican attempts at delay,461-64;M.'s speech,464-71;exclusive British jurisdiction,465,466;not piracy,467;duty to deliver Nash,467;not within Federal judicial powers,468-70;incidental judicial powers of Executive,470;President as sole organ of external relations,470;comments on M.'s speech, its effect,471-75.Jones, James, and slavery,2,450.Jones, Walter, counsel in Fairfax's Deviseevs.Hunter's Lessee,4,156;counsel in M'Cullochvs.Maryland,285,286.Joynes, Thomas R., on M.,4,489n.Judge-made law, and Federal assumption of common-law jurisdiction,3,23;Johnson on,4,372.See alsoDeclaring acts void.Judiciary, Federal, arguments on, during Ratification debate,1,334,426,444,461,464;expected independence and fairness,430,451,459;and gradual consolidation,446;jury trial,447,449,456,457;M. on, in Convention,450-61;inferior courts,451;extent of jurisdiction,452,454-56,2,468-70;concurrent jurisdiction,1,452;as a relief to State courts,453;proposed amendment on,477;British-debts cases,2,83;suits against States, Eleventh Amendment,83n.,84n.,3,554,4,354,385,387-91;proposed amendment against pluralism,2,141;incidental exercise of powers by Executive,470;M. favors extension (1800),531;Federalist plans to retain control,547,548;Republican plans against,3,19-22;as Federalist stronghold,21,77;Federalist expectation of assault,22;assumption of common-law jurisdiction,23-29,78,84,4,30n.;conduct of sedition trials,3,29-43;lectures from the bench,30n.;results on public opinion of conduct,47,48;defects in act of 1789,53-56,81,117;effect of Marburyvs.Madison on Republican attack,143,153,155;and campaign of 1804,145;assault and Federalist threats of secession,151,152;Republican misgivings on assault,155;Auroraon,159n.;removal on address of Congress,167,221,389;political speeches from bench,169,206;M. suggests legislative reversal of judicial decisions,177,178;stabilizing function in a republic,200;necessity of independence,200,204,373;Jefferson's continued hatred,384,388,4,339,362-66,368-70;Federalist attacks,30n.;effort for court of appeals above Supreme Court,323,325;right of original jurisdiction,385-87;proposed amendment for limited tenure,517n.;as interpreter of Constitution,554.See alsoContracts; Declaring acts void; Impeachment; Judiciary Act of 1801; Marshall, John (Chief Justice); Supreme Court.Judiciary, State, equity,1,218-20;popular antagonism during Confederation,297-99,3,23n.;conduct of sedition trials,43-47;conduct of Republican judges,48n.;Virginia, as political machine,4,146,485-88;controversy over, in New Hampshire,229,230;M.'s report on, in Virginia Constitutional Convention,485;tenure of judges and discontinued offices,485,490,493-501;removal of judges,485;extent of reform demanded in Virginia,488;debate in her Convention,489-501.Judiciary Act of 1801, bill,2,548;character of first Republican opposition to it,549,550,555n.;Federalist toast,548n.;debate and passage of bill,550-52;Fairfax estate in debate,551;midnight appointments,559-62;importance of repeal debate,3,50,75;Jefferson and attack, last hour changes in Message,51-53,605;character of act,53,56;extravagance as excuse for repeal,57,58,64;repeal debate in Senate,58-72;tenure of judge and abolition of office,59,63,607-10;and declaring acts void,60,62,64,67-71,73,74,82,85,87,91;independenceversusresponsibility of Judiciary,60,61,65,68,74,88;fear of Judiciary,61;Marburyvs.Madison in debate,61n.,63,78,80,86,90;select committee and discharge of it,67,68,279;indifference of mass of Federalists,71;vote in Senate,72;attempt to postpone in House,72;Federalist threats of secession,72,73,82,89,93,97,98;debate in House,73-91;and impeachment of Justices,73,80,81;Republican concern,76n.;Republicans on origin of act,76-78;Supreme Court and annulment of repeal,85,91,92,95-97,122,123,4,489,490;predictions of effect of repeal,3,88;Federal common-law jurisdiction,78,84,89;vote in House,91;reception of repeal,92-94,97-100;act on disability of judges,165n.Jury trial, Reconstruction debate on Federal,1,447,449,456,457,464;juries in sedition cases,3,42.Kampervs.Hawkins,3,612.Keith, James, M.'s grandfather, career,1,17,18.Keith, James, on M.,4,67n.Keith, Mary Isham (Randolph), M.'s grandmother,1,10,17.Keith, Mary Randolph, M.'s mother,1,10.See alsoMarshall, Mary Randolph (Keith).Kendall, Amos, as Jackson's adviser,4,532n.Kent, James, on M.'s biography of Washington,3,265;on Livingstonvs.Jefferson,4,114;standing as judge,256;and Dartmouth College case,256,258n.;and Supreme Bench,256n.,369n.;on Livingston's steamboat monopoly and interstate commerce,406-12,430,441;on Jackson,535n.;on M.'s decline,586.Kent, Joseph, votes for war,4,29n.Kent, Moses, letters,4,84n.Kenton, Simon, birth and birthplace,1,9n.Kentucky, delegates in Ratification Convention, influences on,1,384,399,403,411,420,430-32,434,443;