on United States and Napoleonic War,4,6n.;Olmstead case,18-21;death,238n.Peters, Richard [2], escort for M.'s body,4,588.Phi Beta Kappa, M. as member,1,158;Jacobin opposition,2,37.Philadelphia, march of Continental army through (1777),1,92;capture by British,98-102;during British occupation,108-10;Jacobin enthusiasm,2,31;luxury,85n.;and M.'s return from X. Y. Z. Mission,344-51;tributes to M. as Chief Justice,4,521,588.PhiladelphiaAurora.SeeAurora.PhiladelphiaFederal Gazette, on Publicola papers,2,19.PhiladelphiaGazette of the United States.SeeGazette.PhiladelphiaGeneral Advertiser, on French Revolution,2,28n.;on Neutrality Proclamation,94n.PhiladelphiaIndependent Gazette, and Ratification,1,328.Sec alsoOswald.PhiladelphiaNational Gazette.SeeNational Gazette.Philips, Josiah, attainder case,1,393,398,411.Phillips, Isaac N., on treason,3,403n.Physick, Philip S., operates on M.,4,520;and M.'s final illness,587.Pichegru, Charles, and 18th Fructidor,2,240,241,245n.Pickering, John, impeachment,3,111,143,164-68;witnesses against, rewarded,181.Pickering, Timothy, on hardships of travel,1,257n.;on Jefferson and Madison,2,79;and Gerry at Paris,366,369;on M.'s views on Alien and Sedition Acts,394;on M.'s election (1799),417;on M. in Jonathan Robins case,471;dismissed by Adams,486,487;Aurora'sattack,489n.,491n.;on M. as his successor,492;on M. and Jefferson-Burr contest,539;and secession,3,98,151,281,289,4,13n.,30,49;on Giles,3,159n.;on impeachment programme,160;on Pickering impeachment,168n.;on Chase impeachment,173;at trial of Chase,183n.;on M.'s biography of Washington,233;on Adams's Burr Conspiracy report,543n.;as British partisan,4,2n.;on Embargo,13,14;and M.,27,473;on election of 1812,47;and Story,98;and Story and Dartmouth College case,257n.;on Massachusetts Constitutional Convention (1820),471;on slavery,473.Pickett, George, bank stock,2,200.Pinckney, Charles, on campaign virulence (1800),2,530;reward for election services,3,81n.;in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void,116n.Pinckney, Charles C., appointment to French mission,2,145,146,223;not received,224;at The Hague,231;accused of assisting Royalist conspiracy,246n.;and "millions for defense" slogan,348;toast to,349n.;candidacy (1800),438;Hamiltonian intrigue for,517,528n., 529n.;and Chief Justiceship,553.See alsoElections (1800); X. Y. Z. Mission.Pinckney, Thomas, on Gerry,2,364.Pindall, James, on Bank of the United States,4,289.Pinkney, William, Canning's letter,4,23;as practitioner before M.,95;counsel inNereidcase,131,140;character,131-33;influence of woman auditors on oratory,133,134,140n.;Conkling's resemblance,133n.;M. on,141,287;Story onNereidargument,142n.;counsel in Dartmouth College case,259-61,274;counsel in M'Cullochvs.Maryland,284;argument,287;fees,345n.;argument in Cohensvs.Virginia,346;counsel in Gibbonsvs.Ogden,413;death,423.Pinto, Manuel,Nereidcase,4,135.Piracy, M. on basis,2,467.Pitt, William, and Burr,3,289.Pittsburgh, first steamboat,4,403n.Platt, Jonas, opinion in Gibbonsvs.Ogden,4,412.Pleasants, James, grand juror on Burr,2,413n.Plumer, William, on Washington (1805),3,6;on drinking there,9;on Jefferson and popularity,19n.;on Bayard,79n.;on Randolph,83n.;on repeal of Judiciary Act,93;on Louisiana Purchase,148n.,150;on Giles,159n.;on impeachment plan,160;on Pickering impeachment,167n.,168n.;on Chase impeachment and trial,171n.,173,179n.,181n.,192n.,205n.,217n.,220;on Burr,180,182n.,183n.,219n.,274n.,279n.,470;on M. as witness,196;on not celebrating Washington's birthday,210n.;joins Republican Party,222n.;on M.'s biography of Washington,269;on Swartwout,321n.,333n.;on Burr conspiracy,338n.,341;on arrest of Bollmann,343n.;on Jefferson's personal rancor,384n.;on trial of Burr,526;on Adams's Burr conspiracy report,543n.;on Embargo and secession threats,4,24n.;on Federalists as aristocracy,55;Governor of New Hampshire, and Dartmouth College affairs,230,232.Pocket veto, Randolph on, as impeachable offense,3,213.Poetry, M. and,1,41,4,79,80.Police power, as offset to obligation of contracts,4,279;and commerce clause,436,437,457,459.See alsoNew Yorkvs.Miln.Politics, machine in Virginia,1,210,217n.,2,56n.,4,146,147,485-88;share in Ratification in Virginia,1,252,356,357,381,402;Federal Constitution and parties,2,75;abuse,396;influence of newspapers,3,10;period of National egotism,13;effect of Republican rule,15n.;Randolph on government by,464n.See alsoElections, Federalist Party; Republican Party.Poole, Simeon, testimony in Burr trial,3,490.Poor whites of colonial Virginia,1,27.Pope, John, M. and his poems,1,44,45.Pope, John, of Smith committee,3,541n.Popularity, Jefferson's desire,3,19n.Population, density (c. 1787),1,264;character of Washington,3,8.Portraits of M.,4,85n.,522n.Posey, Thomas, and Ratification,1,392n.Potomac River, company for improvement,1,217,218.Potter, Henry, Granville heirs case,4,154.Powell, Levin, slandered,1,290n.;on House's reply to Adams's address (1799),2,434;on M. in Jonathan Robins case,475n.Practice and evidence, M.'s opinion on,3,18.Precedents, M.'s neglect of legal,2,179,4,409.Preparedness, M. on need,1,414,415,437,2,403,476-80,531;ridiculed,1,425;utter lack (1794),2,109.See alsoArmy.Prescott, William, on Dartmouth College case,4,275n.President, Ratification debate on office and powers,1,390,442;question of title,2,36;M. on, as sole organ of external relations,470.See alsoElections; Subpœna; and Presidents by name.Press, freedom of, Franklin on license,1,268-70;M. on liberty and excess,2,329-31;Martin on license,3,204,205.See alsoAlien and Sedition Acts; Newspapers.Prices, at Richmond (c. 1783),1,177-81;board in Washington (1801),3,7.Priest, William, on speculation,3,557.Princeton University, honorary degree to M.,4,89.Prisoners of war, treatment,1,115.Privateering, Genêt's commissions,2,28;Unicornincident in Virginia,103-06.Prize law, Amelia case,3,16,17.See alsoAdmiralty; International law.Property, demand for equal division,1,294,298;M.'s conservatism on rights,4,479,503.Prosperity, degree, at period of Confederation,1,273,274,306.Public debt, problem under Confederation,1,233-35;unpopularity,254;spirit of repudiation,295,298,299;resources under Confederation,306;in Ratification debate,396,416,425,440;funding and assumption of State debts,2,59-64;financial and political effects of funding,64-68,82,85,127.See alsoDebts; Finances; Paper money.Public lands, Jefferson on public virtue and,1,316;State claims,3,553;Foot resolution,4,553n.See alsoYazoo; Land.Publicists, lawyers as,4,135.Publicola papers,2,15-18;replies,18,19.Punch, recipe,4,77.Punishments, cruel,3,13n.Putnam, ——, arrest in France,2,283.Quarterly Review, on insolvency frauds,4,203n.Quincy, Josiah, on Jefferson and popularity,3,19n.;on resolution against Minister Jackson,4,24;on admission of Louisiana and secession,4,27;and Localism,28.Quoit (Barbecue) Club, M. as member,2,182-85,4,76-78;memorial to M.,592.Railroads, influence of Dartmouth College case and Gibbonsvs.Ogden on development,4,276,277,446.Raleigh, M. on circuit at,3,101,102,4,65,66.Rambouillet Decree,4,122.Ramsay, David, biography of Washington,3,225n.Ramsay, Dennis, Marburyvs.Madison,3,110.Randall, Benjamin, in Ratification Convention,1,340.Randall, Henry S., on M. as Secretary of State,2,494;on M.,4,154.Randolph, David M., as witness in Chase trial,3,191,192.Randolph, Edmund, ancestry,1,10;as lawyer,173;transfers practice to M.,190;Hitevs.Fairfax,191,192;in the Legislature,203;importance of attitude on Ratification,360-63,378-82;secret intention to support it,363;in the Convention: characterized,376;disclosure of support of Ratification,376-79;suppresses Clinton's letter,379-81,477;effect on reputation,382;ascription of motives, in Washington's Cabinet,382n.;in Convention debate,392,393,397,406,461,470;and Philips case,393n.;personal explanations,393n.,476;Henry on change of front,398;answers Henry's taunt,406;Mason's denunciation,423;on Fairfax grants,458n.;on opposition after Ratification,2,46n.;and first amendments,59;Fauchet incident, resignation from Cabinet,146,147;on Richmond meeting on Jay Treaty,151,152;as orator,195;on weakness of Supreme Court,3,121n.;counsel for Burr,407;on motion to commit Burr for treason,417;on subpœna to Jefferson,440,441;on overt act,494.Randolph, George, ancestry,1,10.Randolph, Isham,1,10.Randolph, Jacob, operates on M.,4,522.Randolph, Jane,1,10,11.Randolph, John, of Roanoke, ancestry,1,10;insult by army officers,2,446;debate with M. on Marine Corps,447,448;in Jonathan Robins case,474;appearance,3,83;as House leader,83n.;in Judiciary debate (1802),84-87;manager of Chase impeachment,171;and articles of impeachment,172;break with Jefferson over Yazoo frauds,174;opening speech at Chase trial,187-89;references to M., political significance,187,188,214-16;examination of M. at trial,194;conferences with Giles,197;argument,212-16;and acquittal,220;duelist,278n.;and Burr conspiracy,339;and Eaton's claim,345n.;on Wilkinson's conduct,359,464;on Burr as military captive,369;and removal of judges on address,389n.;grand juror on Burr,413;on government by politics,464n.;andChesapeake-Leopardaffair,476;and Yazoo frauds,566,575,577-79,581,595,596,600;on Localism,4,191;on dangers in M.'s Nationalist opinions,309,420;in debate on Supreme Court (1824),395;on internal improvements and Nationalism,419-21;absorption in politics,461;Clay duel,463n.;in Virginia Constitutional Convention,484;on M. in convention,489n.Randolph, Mary (Isham), descendants,1,10.Randolph, Mary Isham,1,10.Randolph, Peyton, and Henry's Stamp-Act Resolutions,1,64.Randolph, Richard, of Curels, estate,1,20n.Randolph, Susan, on Jefferson and Rebecca Burwell,1,150n.Randolph, Thomas,1,10.Randolph, Thomas M., on Jay Treaty resolutions in Virginia Legislature,2,134,135,137.Randolph, William, descendants,1,10.Randolph, William, and Peter Jefferson,1,12n.Randolph family, origin and characteristics,1,10,11.Rappahannock County, Va., loyal celebration,1,23n.Ratification, opposition in Virginia,1,242;contest over call of Virginia Convention, previous amendment question,245-48;effort for second framing convention,248,317,355,362,379-81;practical politics in,252,356,357,381,402;economic division,312;division in Virginia,317;importance of Virginia's action,318,358,359;gathering of Virginia delegates,319;popular ignorance of draft Constitution,320,345,354;popular idea of consolidated government,320;popular majority against,321,322,356,391,469,4,554n.;Virginia Convention as first real debate,1,322,323,329,355;influence of revolutionary action of Framers,323-25,373,425;unimportance of action of four early States,325;calling of Pennsylvania Convention,326;election there,327-29;Pennsylvania Convention, precipitancy,329-32;address of Pennsylvania minority,333,334,342;post-convention opposition in Pennsylvania,334-38;policy of Constitutionalists in Massachusetts,339;character of opposition there,339,340,344-47;election there,340;general distrust as basis of opposition,340,347,356,371,372,422,428,429n.,439n.,467;condensed argument for,343;and Shays's Rebellion,343;strength and standpoint of Massachusetts opposition,344;influence of Hancock,347;Massachusetts recommendatory amendments and ratification,348,349;soothing the opposition there,350-53;question of bribery in Massachusetts,353n., 354n.;contest in New Hampshire, adjournment,354,355;character of Virginia Convention,356,367;effect of previous, on Virginia,356,399;election of delegates in Virginia,359-67;importance and uncertainty of Randolph's attitude,360-64,378-82;M.'s candidacy,364;campaign for opposition delegates,365-67;opposition of leaders in State politics,366n.;maneuvers of Constitutionalists,367,374,384,385,392;officers,368,432;tactical mistakes of opposition,368,383;detailed debate as a Constitutionalist victory,369-72,432;characterizations,369,373-76,385,387,394,396,408,420,423,465,473;attempts at delay,372,434,461,462;authority of Framers,373,375;Nicholas's opening for Constitutionalists,374;Henry's opening for opposition,375;disclosure of Randolph's support,376-79;organization of Anti-Constitutionalists,379,434;Clinton's letter for a second Federal Convention, Randolph's suppression of it,379,477,2,49n.;Mason's speeches,1,382,383,421-23,438,439,446-48,467;untactful offer on "conciliation,"383;prospects, ascendancy of opposition,384,433-35,442;influences on Kentucky delegates, navigation of Mississippi River,384,403,411,420,430-32,434,443;Pendleton's speeches,385-87,427,428;Lee's speeches,387,406,423,467;Henry's speeches,388-92,397-400,403-06,428,433,435,440,441,449,464,469-71;Federal Government as alien,389,399,428,439n.;Randolph's later speeches,392,393,397,406;Madison's speeches,394,395,397,421,428,430,440,442,449;Nicholas's later speeches,395,421,432;Corbin's speech,396;political managers from other States,401,402,435;question of use of money in Virginia,402n.;demand for previous amendment,405,412,418,423,428;Monroe's speech,407,408;inattention to debate,408;M.'s social influence,409;M.'s speeches,409-20,436-38,450-61;Harrison's speech,421;Grayson's speech,424-27;slight attention to economic questions,429n.,441n.;and Bill of Rights,439;slavery question,440;payment of public debt,440;British debts,441;executive powers,442;