Judiciary debate,449-61,464;Anti-Constitutionalists and appeal to Legislature,462,463,468;assault on Henry's land speculations,465-67;threats of forcible resistance,467,478;contest over recommendatory amendments,475;vote,475;Washington's influence,476;other personal influences,476n.;and fear of Indians,476;character of Virginia amendments,477;influence of success in New Hampshire,478;Jefferson's stand on amendments,478;influence on M.,479;as a preliminary contest,479,2,45,46;attempt of Virginia Legislature to undo,48-51;Virginia reservations,4,324n.Rattlesnakes, as medicine,1,172.Ravara, Joseph, trial,3,24.Rawle, William, escort for M.'s body,4,588.Read, George, and Judiciary Act of 1789,3,129.Rebecca Henryincident,2,496.Reed, George, as witness in Chase trial,3,189n.Reeves, John, and Burr,3,537n.Reeves, Tapping, on Louisiana Purchase,3,150.Reid, Robert R., on Missouri question,4,341.Religion, state in Virginia (1783),1,220,221;conditions in Washington,3,6;revival,7n.;M.'s attitude,4,69-71;frontier,189n.;troubles and disestablishment in New Hampshire,226,227.See alsonext titles.Religious freedom, controversy in Virginia,1,221,222.Religious tests, debate during Ratification,1,346.Representation, basis in Virginia,1,217n.;debate on slave, in Virginia Constitutional Convention (1830),4,501-07.Republican Party, Jefferson's development,2,46,74-76,81-83,91,96;as defender of the Constitution,88n.;assaults on Neutrality Proclamation,95;economic basis,125n.;and French Revolution,131n.,223;and X. Y. Z. dispatches,336-42,355,358-63;M. on motives in attack on Alien and Sedition Acts,394,407;issues in 1798,410;and name "Democratic,"439n.,3,234n.;Federalist forebodings (1801),11-15;social effects of rule,15n.;plans against Judiciary, cause,19-22,48;union of democracy and State Rights,48;Chase's denunciations,169,170,206;and M.'s biography of Washington,228-30;treatment in biography,256,259-61;Justices as apostates,317,358,359,444.See alsoCongress; Elections; Jefferson, Thomas; State Rights.Republicans, name for Anti-Constitutionalists (1788),1,379.Repudiation, spirit,1,294,295,298,299.See alsoDebts.Requisitions, failure,1,232,304,305,413;proposed new basis of apportionment,234,235.Rhoad, John, Juror,3,35.Rhode Island, declaration of independence,3,118n.Richardson, William M., votes for war,4,29n.;opinion in Dartmouth College case,234-36.Richmond, Va., social and economic life (1780-86),1,176-90;in 1780,165,171-73;hospitality,183;M. City Recorder,188;fire (1787),190,2,172;meeting on Jay Treaty,149-55;growth,172;Quoit Club,182-85,4,76-78,592;reception of M. on return from France,2,352-54;M.'s reply to address,571-73;later social life,3,394;Vigilance Committee,4,41n.;M.'s lawyer dinners,78,79;city currency,187;and Jackson's veto of River and Harbor Bill (1832),534;M.'s funeral,588;tributes to him,589.Richmond Enquirer, on M. and Burr at Wickham's dinner,3,396;and subpœna to Jefferson,450;attack on M. during Burr trial,532-35;on Yazoo claims,581;attack on M'Cullochvs.Maryland,4,312-17,323;tribute to M.,589.See alsoRitchie, Thomas.Richmond Examiner, attacks on M. (1801),2,542,543n.Richmond Light Infantry Blues, punch,4,78n.Richmond Society for Promotion of Agriculture, M.'s interest,4,63.Richmond Whig and Advertiser, on M. and election of 1828,4,463;tribute to M.,589.Ritchie, Thomas, Council of State as his machine,1,210;and trial of Burr,3,450;on Federalists as traitors,4,10n.;control over Virginia politics,146;and first Bank of the United States,174;attack on M'Cullochvs.Maryland,309;and Taylor's attack on M.'s opinions,335,339;attack on Cohensvs.Virginia,358.See alsoRichmond Enquirer.Rittenhouse, David, Olmstead case,4,19.River and Harbor Bill, Jackson's pocket veto,4,534.River navigation, steamboat and internal improvements,4,415-17.Roads.SeeCommunication.Roane, Spencer, as judge,1,173;Council of State as his machine,210;Anti-Constitutionalist attack on Randolph (1787),361n.;accuses M. of hypocrisy,2,140;and Chief Justiceship,3,20,113,178;and Nationalism,114;M.'s enemy,4,78;and M.'s integrity,90n.;and Livingstonvs.Jefferson,111;control of Virginia politics,146;decision in Huntervs.Fairfax's Devises,148,152;denies right of Supreme Court to hear case,157,160;and first Bank of the United States,174;attack on M'Cullochvs.Maryland,309,313-17,323;inconsistent purchase of Bank stock,317;tribute to M.,313;M.'s reply to attack,318-23;attack on Cohensvs.Virginia,358,359;M. on it,359,360;and amendment on Judiciary,371,378.Robertson, David, report of Virginia Ratification debates,1,368;stenographer and linguist,3,408.Robin, M.'s servant,4,525n.Robins, Jonathan.SeeJonathan Robins case.Robinson, John, loan-office bill and defalcations,1,60.Rodney, Cæsar A., and Marburyvs.Madison,3,154n.;argument in Chase trial,210-12;and holding of Swartwout and Bollmann,345,349n.;and trial of Burr,390.Rodney, Thomas, and Burr,3,365.Rôle d'équipage, and French depredations on neutral trade,2,294n.Ronald, William, as lawyer,1,173;in Virginia Ratification Convention,472;Warevs.Hylton,2,188.Roosevelt, Nicholas J., and steamboat experiments,4,400;and steamboat navigation of the Mississippi,402,402n., 403n.Roosevelt, Theodore, on British naval power,4,7n.;on impressment,8n.Ross, James, and Disputed Elections Bill,2,453.Rowan, John, on Greenvs.Biddle,4,381;on Supreme Court,453.Rush, Benjamin, Conway Cabal,1,121-23.Rutgersvs.Waddington,3,612.Rutledge, Edward, on spirit of repudiation,1,307.Rutledge, John [1], and Supreme Court,3,121n.;in Federal Convention, on obligation of contracts,558n.Rutledge, John [2], and slavery,2,449:on Judiciary Bill (1801),550;on French treaty,525n.;in Judiciary debate (1802),3,87-89;as British partisan,4,5.S. (? Samuel Nason), and Ratification,1,342.St. Cloud Decree,4,36-39,48-50.St. Tammany's feast at Richmond,1,189.Salaries, Federal (1800),2,539n.Sandwichincident,2,496.Sanford, Nathan, opinion on steamboat monopoly and interstate commerce,4,448.Sanford, Me., and Ratification,1,342.Santo Domingo, influence in United States of negro insurrection,2,20-22.Sargent, Nathan, on esteem of M.,4,581n.Saunders, John.SeeOgdenvs.Saunders.Savage, John, opinion on steamboat monopoly,4,449.Savannah Gazette, on Yazoo frauds,3,561.Schmidt, Gustavus, on M. as a lawyer,2,178.Schoepf, Johann D., on Virginia social conditions,1,21n.;on irreligion in Virginia,221n.;on shiftlessness,278.Schuyler, Philip, dissatisfaction,1,86;and Burr,3,277n.Scott, John, in Virginia Constitutional Convention,4,490.Scott, John B., and Yazoo lands,3,566n.Scott, Joseph, and Burr conspiracy,3,370.Scott, Sir Walter, and Burr,3,537n.Scott, Sir William, on slave trade and law of nations,4,477.Scott, Winfield, on irreligion in Washington,3,7;on Jefferson and trial of Burr,406;and Nullification,4,566;escort for M.'s body,588.Secession, Federalist threats over assault on Judiciary (1802),3,73,82,89,93,97,98,151;Louisiana Purchase and threats,150;and Chase trial,217;New England Federalist plots and Burr,281,298;Merry's intrigue,281,288;sentiment in West,282,297,299;of New England thought possible,283;Burr and Merry,288-90;no proposals in Burr's conferences,292,297,303,312;rumors of Burr's purpose, Spanish source,296,299,315;Burr denies such plans,316,318n.,319,326;M. and Tucker on right,430;threats over neutral trade controversy,4,13n.,15,17,25;M.'s rebuke,17;and admission of Louisiana,27;War of 1812 and threats,30;Hartford Convention,51;threats in attacks on M.'s Nationalist opinions,314,326,338,339,381;and Missouri struggle,340-42;M. on resistance to,352,353;Jefferson's later threats,368,539;South Carolina threat over Elkison case,382;threat on internal improvement policy,421;M. on Supreme Court and threats,512,513.See alsoNationalism; Nullification; State Rights.Secretary of State, M. and (1795),2,147;M.'s appointment,486,489-93;M. remains after Chief Justiceship,558.Secretary of War, M. declines,2,485.Sedgwick, Theodore, and M. (1796),2,198;on effect of X. Y. Z. dispatches,341;on Gerry,364;on M.'s views on Alien and Sedition Acts,391,394,406;on M.'s election (1799),417;on M.'s importance to Federalists in Congress,432;on M. and Disputed Elections Bill,457,458;on results of session (1800),482;on M. as man and legislator,483,484;on M.'s efforts for harmony,527;on Republican rule,3,12;on plans against Judiciary,22;on repeal of Judiciary Act,94;and secession,97;on Burr,279n.Sedition Act.SeeAlien and Sedition Acts.Senate, arguments on, during Ratification,1,345;opposition to secrecy,2,57.See alsoCongress.Separation of powers, M. on limitation to judicial powers,2,468-70;incidental executive exercise of judicial powers,470;M. on legislative reversal of judicial decisions,3,177,178.See alsoDeclaring acts void.Sergeant, John, counsel in Osbornvs.Bank,4,385;and in Cherokee Nationvs.Georgia,541,544,547;and in Worcestervs.Georgia,549;escort for M.'s body,588.Sergeant, Thomas, practitioner before M.,4,237n.Sewall, David, on demagoguery,1,290n.;on Ratification contest,341.Seward, Anna, as Philadelphia belle,1,100.Sewell, T., and French War,2,424.Shannon, Richard C., witness against Pickering, reward,3,181n.Shays's Rebellion, M. on causes,1,298,299,3,262n.;taxation not the cause,1,299,300;effect on statesmen,300-02;Jefferson's defense,302-04;as phase of a general movement,300n.;and Ratification,343.Shephard, Alexander, grand juror on Burr,3,413n.Shepperd, John, and Yazoo lands act,3,547.Sherburne, John S., witness against Pickering, reward,3,181n.Sherman, Roger, and Judiciary Act of 1789,3,129;on obligation of contracts,558n.Shippen, Margaret, as Philadelphia belle,1,109.Shirley, John M., work on Dartmouth College case,4,258n.Short, Payton, at William and Mary,1,159.Short, William, at William and Mary,1,159;on French Revolution,2,24;Jefferson's admonitions,25,26;on Lafayette,34n."Silver Heels," M.'s nickname,1,74,132.Simcoe, John G., and frontier posts,2,111.Sims, Thomas, on slander on Powell,1,290n.Singletary, Amos, in Ratification Convention,1,344,346.Skipwith, Fulwar, on X. Y. Z. Mission,2,336;on probable war,358.Slaughter, Philip, on M. at Valley Forge,1,117,118.Slave representation, debate in Virginia Constitutional Convention (1830),4,501-07.Slave trade, Northern defense (1800),2,449;act against engaging in,482;M. on international recognition,4,476,477.Slavery, effect in colonial Virginia,1,20-22;in debate on Ratification,440;attitude of Congress (1800),2,449;acquiescence in,3,13n.;Nationalism and overthrow,4,370,420,536;M.'s attitude,472-79.See alsoadjoining titles; and Missouri Compromise.Slaves, of M.'s father,1,37n.;owned by M.,167,180;Jefferson's debts for,224n.;provision in Peace of 1783, controversy,230,2,108,114,121n.;in Washington (1801),3,8;common carriers and transportation,4,478.Sloan, James, and attempt to suspend habeas corpus (1807),3,348.Smallpox, in Revolutionary army,1,87;inoculation against,162.Smallwood, William, in Philadelphia campaign,1,100.Smilie, John, in Ratification Convention,1,330.Smith, Ann (Marshall),1,485.Smith, Augustine, M.'s uncle,1,485.Smith, Israel, of New York, in Burr conspiracy,3,466n.,491.Smith, Senator Israel, of Vermont, and impeachment of Chase,3,158,159;votes to acquit,219,220.Smith, Jeremiah, on Republican hate of M.,3,161;counsel in Dartmouth College case,4,233,234,250;fee and portrait,255n.;on M.'s decline,586.Smith, John, M.'s uncle,1,485.Smith, John, of New York, votes to acquit Chase,3,219,220.Smith, John, of Ohio, votes to acquit Chase,3,219;and Burr conspiracy,291,312;Wilkinson's letter to,314;and rumor of disunion plan,316,319;indicted for treason,466n.;nolle prosequi,524,541n.;attempt to expel from Senate,540-44.Smith, John Blair, on Henry in campaign for Ratification delegates,1,365.Smith, John Cotton, and Eaton's report on Burr's plans,3,305n.Smith, Jonathan, in Ratification Convention,1,347.Smith, Lize (Marshall),1,485.Smith, Melancthon, on prosperity during Confederation,1,306;on revolutionary action of Framers,324.Smith, R. Barnwell, on Nullification,4,560.Smith, Robert, dismissal,4,34;vindication, and M.,35.Smith, Sam, on English interest in Ratification,1,313.Smith, Samuel, on Pickering impeachment,3,167;votes to acquit Chase,220;and attempt to suspend habeas corpus (1807),347;and Ogden-Smith trial,436n.;of committee on expulsion of Smith of Ohio,541n.Smith, Samuel H., on drinking at Washington,3,10n.Smith, Mrs. Samuel H., on Washington social life (1805),3,8n.;on Pinkney in court,4,134.Smith, Thomas M., anecdote of M.,4,83n.Smith, Judge William, of Georgia, and Yazoo lands,3,549.Smith, Representative William, of South Carolina, on French agents in United States (1797),2,281;on travel (1790),3,55n.Smith, Senator William, of South Carolina, on Missouri question,4,341.Smith, William S., trial,3,436n.Smithvs.Maryland,4,165n.Sneyd, Honora, as Philadelphia belle,1,109.Snowden, Edgar, oration on M.,4,592.Soane, Henry,1,11n.Social conditions, in later colonial Virginia,1,19-28;drinking,23,156n.,186n.,281-83,2,86,102n.,3,9,400,501n.,4,189n.;qualities and influence of backwoodsmen,1,28-31,235,236,274-77;frontier life,39-41,53,54n.,4,188-90;dress,1,59,200,208,3,396,397;Richmond in 1780,1,165;degree of prosperity at period of Confederation,273,274;classes in Virginia,277,278;Jefferson on sectional characteristics,278-80;contrasts of elegance,280;food and houses,280,281;amusements,283;Washington boarding-houses,3,7;lack of equality (1803),13;state then,13n.;advance under Republican rule,15n.;later social life at Richmond,394.See alsoBill of Rights; Communication; Economic conditions; Education; Government; Law and order; Literature; Marriage; Religion; Slavery.Society, M.'s dislike of official, at Washington,4,83-85."Somers," attack on M.,4,360n., 361n.South Carolina, and M'Cullochvs.Maryland,4,334;Elkison negro seaman case, attack on Johnson's decision,382,383;and Tariff of 1828,537;effect of Georgia-Cherokee contest on,552.See alsoNullification.South Carolina Yazoo Company,3,553n.See alsoYazoo.Spain, attitude toward United States (1794),2,109;depredations on American commerce,496;