Chapter 12

[165]Pliny, Nat. Hist., lib. 28, cap. 20. Holland's translation.[166]Shakespeare, Macbeth, act 4, scene 1.[167]Pliny, Nat. Hist., lib. 28, cap. 11.[168]Tractatus de Fascinatione, Nuremberg, 1675, p. 681.[169]Teutonic Mythology, vol. 3, p. 1073.[170]Brand, Pop. Ant., vol. 3, p. 10.[171]Montfaucon, l'Antiquité expliquée, vol. 2, liv. 4, cap. 6, p. 249.[172]Vâsishtha, cap. 3, pars. 64-68, p. 25 (Sacred Books of the East, Oxford, 1882, Max Müller's edition).[173]Travels of Two Mohammedans through India and China, in Pinkerton's Voyages, vol. 7, p. 218.[174]Every-Day Book, vol. 2, col. 95.[175]"Traen los dientes al cuello (como sacamuelas) por bravosidad."—Gomara, Historia de las Indias, p. 201.[176]"Los Caberres y muchos Caribes, usan por gala muchas sartas de dientes y muelas de gente para dar á entender que son muy valientes por los despojos que alli ostentan ser de sus enemigos que mataron."—Gumilla, Orinoco, Madrid, 1741, p. 65.[177]Padre Fray Alonzo Fernandez, Historia Eclesiastica, Toledo, 1611, p. 17.[178]Ibid., p. 161.[179]Cérémonies et Coûtumes, Amsterdam, 1735, vol. 6, p. 114.[180]"Formada la cara como de Sol, con rayos de Nacar al rededor, y perfilada de lo mismo; y en la boca embutidos los dientes, que quitaron à los Españoles, que avian muerto."—Villaguitierre,Hist. de la Conquista de la Provincia de el Itza, Madrid, 1701, p. 500. (Itza seems to have been the country of the Lacandones.)[181]Edwards, speaking of the Carib, quoted by Spencer, Desc. Sociology. The same custom is ascribed to the Tupinambi of Brazil. Ibid, quoting from Southey.[182]Through the Dark Continent, vol. 2, p. 286.[183]Ibid., p. 288.[184]Ibid., p. 290.[185]Speke, Source of the Nile, London, 1863, p. 500.[186]Heart of Africa, vol. 2, p. 54.[187]Ibid., vol. 1, p. 285.[188]Sir Samuel Baker, The Albert N'yanza, Philadelphia, 1869, p. 154 et seq.[189]Burton, Mission to Gelele, vol. 1, p. 135 et seq.[190]Voyage Round the World, London, 1823, pp. 209, 210.[191]Kotzebue, Voyage, London, 1821, vol. 2, p. 202. See also Villaguitierre, cited above.[192]Capt. Cook's First Voyage, in Pinkerton's Voyages, London, 1812, vol. 11, pp. 513, 515.[193]Campbell, Voyage Round the World, N. Y., 1819, p. 153.[194]Frazer, Totemism, Edinburgh, 1887, p. 28.[195]Historia de Chile, Madrid, 1795, vol. 2, p. 80.[196]Spencer, Desc. Sociology.[197]Indian Myths, Boston, 1884, p. 256.[198]Tanner's Narrative, p. 122.[199]Kitchi-gami, p. 344.[200]Voyages, p. 323.[201]Kane, Wanderings of an Artist in North America, p. 399.[202]Native Races, vol. 1, p. 553.[203]Hawkins, quoted by Gatschet, Migration Legend of the Creeks, Philadelphia, 1884, vol. 1, p. 185.[204]Corbusier, in American Antiquarian, September, 1886, p. 279.[205]Everard F. im Thurn, Indians of Guiana, p. 218.[206]Crantz, History of Greenland, London, 1767, vol. 1, pp. 210-211.[207]Forster, Voyage Round the World, vol. 2, pp. 275, 288.[208]Hakluyt, Voyages, vol. 3, p. 508.[209]Grimm, Teutonic Mythology, vol. 2, p. 544.[210]Travels to discover the source of the Nile in the years 1768, etc., Dublin, 1791, vol. 3, p. 410.[211]Desc. Sociology.[212]Ibid., quoting Schoolcraft.[213]"Saca de su carcax algunos pies y unas de águila secos y endurecidos, con los cuales, comienza á sajarle desde los hombros hasta las muñecas."—Historia de la Compañía de Jesus en Nueva España, Mexico, 1842, vol. 2, pp. 218, 219.[214]Shâyast lâ-shâyast, cap. 3, par. 32, p. 284 (Max Müller edition, Oxford, 1880). When the "drôn" has been marked with three rows of finger-nail scratches it is called a "frasast."[215]Head-Hunters of Borneo, London, 1881, p. 139.[216]See, for the New Hebrides, Forster, Voyage Round the World, vol. 2, p. 255.[217]Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, 1882-'83, p. 482.[218]Speke, Source of the Nile, London, 1863, pp. 306, 310.[219]Cameron, Across Africa, London, 1877, vol. 1, p. 276.[220]De Gama's Discovery of the East Indies, in Knox, Voyages, London, 1767, vol. 2, p. 324.[221]Andrew K. Ober, in the Salem Gazette, Salem, Mass.[222]Hakluyt, Voyages, vol. 3, p. 508; also, Ternaux-Compans, Voy., vol. 9, pp. 307, 308.[223]Forster, Voyage Round the World, vol. 1, p. 435[224]Smyth, Aborigines of Victoria, vol. 1, p. 66.[225]English edition, New York, 1842, p. 271.[226]Kingsborough, vol. 6, p. 100.[227]Godfrey Higgins, Anacalypsis, vol. 2, book 1, cap. 4, sec. 9, p. 81.[228]Y ponía delante un canuto grande y queso [grueso?] para con que bebiese: este canuto llamaban "bebedero del Sol."—Diego Duran, vol. 1, cap. 38, p. 386.[229]Smithsonian Contributions, vol. 1, p. 151.[230]The reed, which is the proper meaning of the word "acatl," is the hieroglyphic of the element water. Veytia, quoted by Thomas, in 3rd Ann. Rep., Bu. Eth., 1881-1882, p. 42 et seq.[231]Indian Myths, Boston, 1884, p. 260.[232]Picart,Cérémonies et Coûtumes Religieuses de tous les Peuples du Monde, Amsterdam, 1735, vol. 6, part 2, p. 103.[233]Vâsishtha, cap. 3, pars. 26-30, pp. 20-21. Sacred Books of the East, Oxford, 1882, vol. 14, edition of Max Müller.[234]Ibid.[235]Diego Duran, loc. cit.[236]See Dall, Masks and Labrets, p. 151.[237]Peter Carder, an Englishman captive among the Brazilians, 1578-1586, in Purchas, vol. 4, lib. 6, cap. 5, p. 1189.[238]Purchas, vol. 4, lib. 8, cap. 1, sec. 2, p. 1508.[239]Dec. 4, lib. 4, p. 69.[240]Dec. 3, lib. 2, p. 67.[241]Ibid., p. 70.[242]Histoire Naturelle des Indes, Paris, 1600, lib. 5, cap. 9, p. 224.[243]History of Mexico, Philadelphia, 1817, vol. 2, p. 6.[244]Duran, op. cit., vol. 3, cap. 4, p. 211.[245]Brasseur de Bourbourg's translation, cap. 12, p. 175.[246]Picart,Cérémonies et Coûtumes Religieuses de tous les Peuples du Monde, Amsterdam, 1743, vol. 8, p. 287.[247]Deane, Serpent Worship, London, 1833, p. 410.[248]The medicine sack or bag of the Apache, containing their "hoddentin," closely resembles the "bullæ" of the Romans—in which "On y mettait des préservatifs contre les maléfices." Musée de Naples, London, 1836, p. 4. Copy shown me by Mr. Spofford, of the Library of Congress.[249]Information of Tze-go-juni.[250]Information of Concepcion.[251]See notes, a few pages farther on, from Kohl; also those from Godfrey Higgins. The word "opé" suggests the name the Tusayan have for themselves, Opi, or Opika, "bread people."[252]Information of Tze-go-juni.[253]Information of Mike Burns.[254]Information of Mickey Free.[255]Information of Alchise, Mike, and others.[256]Information of Francesca and other captive Chiricahua squaws.[257]Information of Moses Henderson.[258]Information of Chato.[259]Information of Tze-go-juni.[260]Information of Moses Henderson and other Apache at San Carlos.[261]Bureau of Ethnology, Report for 1883-'84.[262]Information of Francesca and others.[263]Information of Tze-go-juni.[264]Smart, in Smithsonian Report for 1867, p. 419.[265]Snake Dance of Moquis of Arizona, New York, 1884.[266]In the third volume of Kingsborough, on plate 17 (Aztec picture belonging to M. Pejernavy, Pesth, Hungary), an Aztec, probably a priest, is shown offering food to a snake, which eats it out of his hand.[267]Corbusier, in American Antiquarian, November, 1886, pp. 336-37.[268]Information of Moses Henderson.[269]American Antiquarian, Sept. and Nov., 1886.[270]Ann. Rep. Bu. Eth., 1883-'84.[271]Snake Dance of the Moquis.[272]Interview with Pedro Pino.[273]Kunque has added to the cornmeal the meal of two varieties of corn, blue and yellow, a small quantity of pulverized sea shells, and some sand, and when possible a fragment of the blue stone called "chalchihuitl." In grinding the meal on the metates the squaws are stimulated by the medicine-men who keep up a constant singing and drumming.[274]Simpson, Expedition to the Navajo Country, in Senate Doc. 64, 31st Cong., 1st sess., 1849-'50, p. 95.[275]Hakluyt, Voyages, vol. 3, p. 470. "Echavan mucha harina de maiz por el suelo para que la pisassen los caballos."—Padre Fray Juan Gonzales de Mendoza, De las Cosas de Chino, etc., Madrid, 1586, p. 172. See also the Relacion of Padre Fray Alonso Fernandez,Historia Eclesiastica de Nuestros Tiempos, Toledo, 1611, pp. 15, 16.[276]P. 162.[277]Diego Duran, vol. 2, cap. 49, pp. 506, 507.[278]Herrera, dec. 5., lib. 4, cap. 5, p. 92.[279]Padre Christoval de Molina, Fables and Rites of the Yncas, translated by Markham in Hakluyt Soc. Trans., vol. 48, p. 63, London, 1873.[280]Montesinos, pp. 161, 162, in Ternaux-Compans, vol. 17, Mémoires sur l'ancien Pérou.[281]Relation of the voyage of Don Fernando Alarcon, in Hakluyt Voyages, vol. 3, p. 508.[282]Alarcon in Ternaux-Compans, Voy., vol. 9, p. 330. See also in Hakluyt Voyages, vol. 3, p. 516.[283]Kitchi-gami, London, 1860, p. 51.[284]See also on the subject Acosta, Hist. Naturelle des Indes, lib. 5, cap. 19, p. 241.[285]Landa, Cosas de Yucatan, Paris, 1864, page 148.[286]Bancroft, Native Races, vol. 2, p. 145. See also Clavigero, Hist. of Mexico, Philadelphia, 1817, vol. 2, p. 128.[287]Smith, Araucanians, 1855, pp. 274-275.[288]Smith, True Travels, Adventures and Observations, Richmond, 1819, vol. 1, p. 161.[289]Cérémonies et Coûtumes, Amsterdam, 1735, vol. 6, p. 74.[290]Historia de las Indias, p. 284.[291]Colonial Records of North Carolina, 1886, vol. 1, p. 930.[292]Mœurs des Sauvages, Paris, 1724, vol. 1, p. 386.[293]Personal notes of May 26, 1881; conversation with Chi and Damon at Fort Defiance. Navajo Agency, Arizona.[294]Ibid.[295]Barcia, Ensayo Cronologico, p. 160.[296]Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, vol. 4, p. 213.[297]Columbus Letters, in Hakluyt Soc. Works, London, 1847, vol. 2, p. 192.[298]Barcia, Ensayo Cronologico, p. 279.[299]The medicine-men of the Swampy Crees, as described in Bishop of Rupert's Land's works, quoted by Henry Youle Hind, Canadian Exploring Expedition, vol. 1, p. 113.[300]Personal notes, November 22, 1885, at Baker's ranch, summit of the Sierra Ancha, Arizona.[301]Tanner's Narrative, p. 174.[302]Blount, Tenures of Land and Customs of Manors, London, 1874, p. 355.[303]Brand, Popular Antiquities, London, 1882, vol. 3, pp. 307 et seq.[304]Crónica Seráfica, p. 434.[305]Nicolas Perrot,Mœurs, Coustumes et Relligion des sauvages de l'Amérique Septentrionale(Ed. of Rev. P. J. Tailhan, S.J.,) Leipzig, 1864. Perrot was a coureur de bois, interpreter, and donné of the Jesuit missions among the Ottawa, Sioux, Iowa, etc., from 1665 to 1701.[306]Leems', Account of Danish Lapland, in Pinkerton's Voyages, London, 1814, vol. 1, p. 484.[307]Across Africa, London, 1877, vol. 1, p. 277.[308]Ibid., vol. 2, pp. 118, 120.[309]Source of the Nile, London, 1863, introd., p.xxi.[310]Cameron, Across Africa, London, 1877, vol. 2, p. 201.[311]Source of the Nile, London, 1863, pp. 130, 259.[312]Dark Continent, vol. 2, p. 260.[313]Schultze, Fetichism, New York, 1885, p. 53.[314]Ibid., footnote, page 53.[315]Ibid., p. 67.[316]Asiatick Researches, Calcutta, 1805, vol. 8, p. 78.[317]Coleman, Mythology of the Hindus, London, 1832, p. 44.[318]History of the Sect of the Mahárájahs, quoted by Inman, Ancient Faiths, etc., vol. 1, p. 393.[319]Higgins, Anacalypsis, vol. 1, p. 261.[320]Picart,Cérémonies et Coûtumes, etc., vol. 6, part 2, p. 119.[321]Among the Mongols, London, 1883, p. 179.[322]Wright, Sorcery and Magic, London, 1851, vol. 1, p. 346.[323]Anacalypsis, vol. 2, p. 244.[324]Rivers of Life, vol. 1, p. 161.

[165]Pliny, Nat. Hist., lib. 28, cap. 20. Holland's translation.

[166]Shakespeare, Macbeth, act 4, scene 1.

[167]Pliny, Nat. Hist., lib. 28, cap. 11.

[168]Tractatus de Fascinatione, Nuremberg, 1675, p. 681.

[169]Teutonic Mythology, vol. 3, p. 1073.

[170]Brand, Pop. Ant., vol. 3, p. 10.

[171]Montfaucon, l'Antiquité expliquée, vol. 2, liv. 4, cap. 6, p. 249.

[172]Vâsishtha, cap. 3, pars. 64-68, p. 25 (Sacred Books of the East, Oxford, 1882, Max Müller's edition).

[173]Travels of Two Mohammedans through India and China, in Pinkerton's Voyages, vol. 7, p. 218.

[174]Every-Day Book, vol. 2, col. 95.

[175]"Traen los dientes al cuello (como sacamuelas) por bravosidad."—Gomara, Historia de las Indias, p. 201.

[176]"Los Caberres y muchos Caribes, usan por gala muchas sartas de dientes y muelas de gente para dar á entender que son muy valientes por los despojos que alli ostentan ser de sus enemigos que mataron."—Gumilla, Orinoco, Madrid, 1741, p. 65.

[177]Padre Fray Alonzo Fernandez, Historia Eclesiastica, Toledo, 1611, p. 17.

[178]Ibid., p. 161.

[179]Cérémonies et Coûtumes, Amsterdam, 1735, vol. 6, p. 114.

[180]"Formada la cara como de Sol, con rayos de Nacar al rededor, y perfilada de lo mismo; y en la boca embutidos los dientes, que quitaron à los Españoles, que avian muerto."—Villaguitierre,Hist. de la Conquista de la Provincia de el Itza, Madrid, 1701, p. 500. (Itza seems to have been the country of the Lacandones.)

[181]Edwards, speaking of the Carib, quoted by Spencer, Desc. Sociology. The same custom is ascribed to the Tupinambi of Brazil. Ibid, quoting from Southey.

[182]Through the Dark Continent, vol. 2, p. 286.

[183]Ibid., p. 288.

[184]Ibid., p. 290.

[185]Speke, Source of the Nile, London, 1863, p. 500.

[186]Heart of Africa, vol. 2, p. 54.

[187]Ibid., vol. 1, p. 285.

[188]Sir Samuel Baker, The Albert N'yanza, Philadelphia, 1869, p. 154 et seq.

[189]Burton, Mission to Gelele, vol. 1, p. 135 et seq.

[190]Voyage Round the World, London, 1823, pp. 209, 210.

[191]Kotzebue, Voyage, London, 1821, vol. 2, p. 202. See also Villaguitierre, cited above.

[192]Capt. Cook's First Voyage, in Pinkerton's Voyages, London, 1812, vol. 11, pp. 513, 515.

[193]Campbell, Voyage Round the World, N. Y., 1819, p. 153.

[194]Frazer, Totemism, Edinburgh, 1887, p. 28.

[195]Historia de Chile, Madrid, 1795, vol. 2, p. 80.

[196]Spencer, Desc. Sociology.

[197]Indian Myths, Boston, 1884, p. 256.

[198]Tanner's Narrative, p. 122.

[199]Kitchi-gami, p. 344.

[200]Voyages, p. 323.

[201]Kane, Wanderings of an Artist in North America, p. 399.

[202]Native Races, vol. 1, p. 553.

[203]Hawkins, quoted by Gatschet, Migration Legend of the Creeks, Philadelphia, 1884, vol. 1, p. 185.

[204]Corbusier, in American Antiquarian, September, 1886, p. 279.

[205]Everard F. im Thurn, Indians of Guiana, p. 218.

[206]Crantz, History of Greenland, London, 1767, vol. 1, pp. 210-211.

[207]Forster, Voyage Round the World, vol. 2, pp. 275, 288.

[208]Hakluyt, Voyages, vol. 3, p. 508.

[209]Grimm, Teutonic Mythology, vol. 2, p. 544.

[210]Travels to discover the source of the Nile in the years 1768, etc., Dublin, 1791, vol. 3, p. 410.

[211]Desc. Sociology.

[212]Ibid., quoting Schoolcraft.

[213]"Saca de su carcax algunos pies y unas de águila secos y endurecidos, con los cuales, comienza á sajarle desde los hombros hasta las muñecas."—Historia de la Compañía de Jesus en Nueva España, Mexico, 1842, vol. 2, pp. 218, 219.

[214]Shâyast lâ-shâyast, cap. 3, par. 32, p. 284 (Max Müller edition, Oxford, 1880). When the "drôn" has been marked with three rows of finger-nail scratches it is called a "frasast."

[215]Head-Hunters of Borneo, London, 1881, p. 139.

[216]See, for the New Hebrides, Forster, Voyage Round the World, vol. 2, p. 255.

[217]Report of the Bureau of Ethnology, 1882-'83, p. 482.

[218]Speke, Source of the Nile, London, 1863, pp. 306, 310.

[219]Cameron, Across Africa, London, 1877, vol. 1, p. 276.

[220]De Gama's Discovery of the East Indies, in Knox, Voyages, London, 1767, vol. 2, p. 324.

[221]Andrew K. Ober, in the Salem Gazette, Salem, Mass.

[222]Hakluyt, Voyages, vol. 3, p. 508; also, Ternaux-Compans, Voy., vol. 9, pp. 307, 308.

[223]Forster, Voyage Round the World, vol. 1, p. 435

[224]Smyth, Aborigines of Victoria, vol. 1, p. 66.

[225]English edition, New York, 1842, p. 271.

[226]Kingsborough, vol. 6, p. 100.

[227]Godfrey Higgins, Anacalypsis, vol. 2, book 1, cap. 4, sec. 9, p. 81.

[228]Y ponía delante un canuto grande y queso [grueso?] para con que bebiese: este canuto llamaban "bebedero del Sol."—Diego Duran, vol. 1, cap. 38, p. 386.

[229]Smithsonian Contributions, vol. 1, p. 151.

[230]The reed, which is the proper meaning of the word "acatl," is the hieroglyphic of the element water. Veytia, quoted by Thomas, in 3rd Ann. Rep., Bu. Eth., 1881-1882, p. 42 et seq.

[231]Indian Myths, Boston, 1884, p. 260.

[232]Picart,Cérémonies et Coûtumes Religieuses de tous les Peuples du Monde, Amsterdam, 1735, vol. 6, part 2, p. 103.

[233]Vâsishtha, cap. 3, pars. 26-30, pp. 20-21. Sacred Books of the East, Oxford, 1882, vol. 14, edition of Max Müller.

[234]Ibid.

[235]Diego Duran, loc. cit.

[236]See Dall, Masks and Labrets, p. 151.

[237]Peter Carder, an Englishman captive among the Brazilians, 1578-1586, in Purchas, vol. 4, lib. 6, cap. 5, p. 1189.

[238]Purchas, vol. 4, lib. 8, cap. 1, sec. 2, p. 1508.

[239]Dec. 4, lib. 4, p. 69.

[240]Dec. 3, lib. 2, p. 67.

[241]Ibid., p. 70.

[242]Histoire Naturelle des Indes, Paris, 1600, lib. 5, cap. 9, p. 224.

[243]History of Mexico, Philadelphia, 1817, vol. 2, p. 6.

[244]Duran, op. cit., vol. 3, cap. 4, p. 211.

[245]Brasseur de Bourbourg's translation, cap. 12, p. 175.

[246]Picart,Cérémonies et Coûtumes Religieuses de tous les Peuples du Monde, Amsterdam, 1743, vol. 8, p. 287.

[247]Deane, Serpent Worship, London, 1833, p. 410.

[248]The medicine sack or bag of the Apache, containing their "hoddentin," closely resembles the "bullæ" of the Romans—in which "On y mettait des préservatifs contre les maléfices." Musée de Naples, London, 1836, p. 4. Copy shown me by Mr. Spofford, of the Library of Congress.

[249]Information of Tze-go-juni.

[250]Information of Concepcion.

[251]See notes, a few pages farther on, from Kohl; also those from Godfrey Higgins. The word "opé" suggests the name the Tusayan have for themselves, Opi, or Opika, "bread people."

[252]Information of Tze-go-juni.

[253]Information of Mike Burns.

[254]Information of Mickey Free.

[255]Information of Alchise, Mike, and others.

[256]Information of Francesca and other captive Chiricahua squaws.

[257]Information of Moses Henderson.

[258]Information of Chato.

[259]Information of Tze-go-juni.

[260]Information of Moses Henderson and other Apache at San Carlos.

[261]Bureau of Ethnology, Report for 1883-'84.

[262]Information of Francesca and others.

[263]Information of Tze-go-juni.

[264]Smart, in Smithsonian Report for 1867, p. 419.

[265]Snake Dance of Moquis of Arizona, New York, 1884.

[266]In the third volume of Kingsborough, on plate 17 (Aztec picture belonging to M. Pejernavy, Pesth, Hungary), an Aztec, probably a priest, is shown offering food to a snake, which eats it out of his hand.

[267]Corbusier, in American Antiquarian, November, 1886, pp. 336-37.

[268]Information of Moses Henderson.

[269]American Antiquarian, Sept. and Nov., 1886.

[270]Ann. Rep. Bu. Eth., 1883-'84.

[271]Snake Dance of the Moquis.

[272]Interview with Pedro Pino.

[273]Kunque has added to the cornmeal the meal of two varieties of corn, blue and yellow, a small quantity of pulverized sea shells, and some sand, and when possible a fragment of the blue stone called "chalchihuitl." In grinding the meal on the metates the squaws are stimulated by the medicine-men who keep up a constant singing and drumming.

[274]Simpson, Expedition to the Navajo Country, in Senate Doc. 64, 31st Cong., 1st sess., 1849-'50, p. 95.

[275]Hakluyt, Voyages, vol. 3, p. 470. "Echavan mucha harina de maiz por el suelo para que la pisassen los caballos."—Padre Fray Juan Gonzales de Mendoza, De las Cosas de Chino, etc., Madrid, 1586, p. 172. See also the Relacion of Padre Fray Alonso Fernandez,Historia Eclesiastica de Nuestros Tiempos, Toledo, 1611, pp. 15, 16.

[276]P. 162.

[277]Diego Duran, vol. 2, cap. 49, pp. 506, 507.

[278]Herrera, dec. 5., lib. 4, cap. 5, p. 92.

[279]Padre Christoval de Molina, Fables and Rites of the Yncas, translated by Markham in Hakluyt Soc. Trans., vol. 48, p. 63, London, 1873.

[280]Montesinos, pp. 161, 162, in Ternaux-Compans, vol. 17, Mémoires sur l'ancien Pérou.

[281]Relation of the voyage of Don Fernando Alarcon, in Hakluyt Voyages, vol. 3, p. 508.

[282]Alarcon in Ternaux-Compans, Voy., vol. 9, p. 330. See also in Hakluyt Voyages, vol. 3, p. 516.

[283]Kitchi-gami, London, 1860, p. 51.

[284]See also on the subject Acosta, Hist. Naturelle des Indes, lib. 5, cap. 19, p. 241.

[285]Landa, Cosas de Yucatan, Paris, 1864, page 148.

[286]Bancroft, Native Races, vol. 2, p. 145. See also Clavigero, Hist. of Mexico, Philadelphia, 1817, vol. 2, p. 128.

[287]Smith, Araucanians, 1855, pp. 274-275.

[288]Smith, True Travels, Adventures and Observations, Richmond, 1819, vol. 1, p. 161.

[289]Cérémonies et Coûtumes, Amsterdam, 1735, vol. 6, p. 74.

[290]Historia de las Indias, p. 284.

[291]Colonial Records of North Carolina, 1886, vol. 1, p. 930.

[292]Mœurs des Sauvages, Paris, 1724, vol. 1, p. 386.

[293]Personal notes of May 26, 1881; conversation with Chi and Damon at Fort Defiance. Navajo Agency, Arizona.

[294]Ibid.

[295]Barcia, Ensayo Cronologico, p. 160.

[296]Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, vol. 4, p. 213.

[297]Columbus Letters, in Hakluyt Soc. Works, London, 1847, vol. 2, p. 192.

[298]Barcia, Ensayo Cronologico, p. 279.

[299]The medicine-men of the Swampy Crees, as described in Bishop of Rupert's Land's works, quoted by Henry Youle Hind, Canadian Exploring Expedition, vol. 1, p. 113.

[300]Personal notes, November 22, 1885, at Baker's ranch, summit of the Sierra Ancha, Arizona.

[301]Tanner's Narrative, p. 174.

[302]Blount, Tenures of Land and Customs of Manors, London, 1874, p. 355.

[303]Brand, Popular Antiquities, London, 1882, vol. 3, pp. 307 et seq.

[304]Crónica Seráfica, p. 434.

[305]Nicolas Perrot,Mœurs, Coustumes et Relligion des sauvages de l'Amérique Septentrionale(Ed. of Rev. P. J. Tailhan, S.J.,) Leipzig, 1864. Perrot was a coureur de bois, interpreter, and donné of the Jesuit missions among the Ottawa, Sioux, Iowa, etc., from 1665 to 1701.

[306]Leems', Account of Danish Lapland, in Pinkerton's Voyages, London, 1814, vol. 1, p. 484.

[307]Across Africa, London, 1877, vol. 1, p. 277.

[308]Ibid., vol. 2, pp. 118, 120.

[309]Source of the Nile, London, 1863, introd., p.xxi.

[310]Cameron, Across Africa, London, 1877, vol. 2, p. 201.

[311]Source of the Nile, London, 1863, pp. 130, 259.

[312]Dark Continent, vol. 2, p. 260.

[313]Schultze, Fetichism, New York, 1885, p. 53.

[314]Ibid., footnote, page 53.

[315]Ibid., p. 67.

[316]Asiatick Researches, Calcutta, 1805, vol. 8, p. 78.

[317]Coleman, Mythology of the Hindus, London, 1832, p. 44.

[318]History of the Sect of the Mahárájahs, quoted by Inman, Ancient Faiths, etc., vol. 1, p. 393.

[319]Higgins, Anacalypsis, vol. 1, p. 261.

[320]Picart,Cérémonies et Coûtumes, etc., vol. 6, part 2, p. 119.

[321]Among the Mongols, London, 1883, p. 179.

[322]Wright, Sorcery and Magic, London, 1851, vol. 1, p. 346.

[323]Anacalypsis, vol. 2, p. 244.

[324]Rivers of Life, vol. 1, p. 161.

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