L

LLamacazton(Little Priests). Lowest order of the Aztec priesthood,116Landa, Bishop.And the Maya alphabet,161;discovers the Maya numeral system,165“Lands of the Sun.” Name given to Inca territories,308Language.Mexican or Nahuan,42–43,342;Mayan,161,342;Peruvian,342Le Plongeon, Dr. Augustus.His theories as to the Maya,239;and the Maya hieroglyphs,239;his story of Queen Móo,239–247Leguicano, Mancio Serra de.And the golden plate from the Coricancha,262Liyobaa.Village near Mitla; mentioned by Father Burgoa,204Lizana, Father.And the prophecy of Chilan Balam,8Llama.Importance of, among the Incas,268Lloque Yupanqui.The third Inca,283Lorillard.Maya city; architectural remains found at,195MMacuilxochitl(orXochipilli) (Five-Flower, Source of Flowers). God of luck in gaming,103;Ixtlilton called brother of,112Madoc.The legend of,5,6Mahacutah(The Distinguished Name). One of the first men of thePopol Vuhmyth,229,230Maize-gods.Mexican,85–91;Peruvian,295Mallinalcas.Aztec tribe,233Mama Oullo Huaca.Wife of Manco Ccapac,256Mama-cocha(Mother-sea). Conception under which the Peruvians worshipped the sea,306Mamacota.Name given to Lake Titicaca by people of the Collao,298Mamacuna.Matrons who had charge of the Acllacuna, in Peru,313Mamapacha(orPachamama). The Peruvian earth-goddess,303Mamas(Mothers). Tutelary spirits of the maize and other plants in Peru,295Mames.District in Guatemala,158Man of the Sun.Quetzalcoatl as,81;other conceptions of,83Manco.The Inca appointed by Pizarro; and an oracle,302–303Manco Ccapac.I. Divine being, son of the Life-giver; sent to instruct the primitive Peruvians,255–256;a legend in connection with,256.II. The first Inca, identical with the foregoing,282,283;regarded as son of the sun,306;a myth of,320–321Mani.Mexican city, founded by the Tutul Xius,155Mannikins.In the Kiche story of the creation related in thePopol Vuh,209–210Markham, Sir Clements.On Inca architecture,269Matlatzincas.Aztec tribe,233Maxtla.I. King of the Tecpanecs; and Nezahualcoyotl,125–128.II. A noble; in the story of the vicious princess,130Maya.The most highly civilised of ancient American peoples,1,143;their culture erroneously stated to be of Asiatic origin,1;theory as to Toltec relationship,143;sphere of the civilisation,144;the nucleus of the civilisation,144–145,149;the dialects,145;origin of the race,145;their civilisation self-developed,143,146;blood and cultural relationships with Nahua,146–147;efforts at expansion,147–148;climatic influence on the civilisation and religion,148;sources of their history,148–149;division of the aristocratic and labouring classes,150;influence of the Nahua invasions,151;cleavage between Yucatan and Guatemala peoples,151;the Yucatec race,151–152;incidents in migration myths represent genuine experience,152;the race in Guatemala,157;the writing system,159–166;the manuscripts,160–161;the numeral system,165;the mythology,166–169,207–247;the calendar,38,39,169;the pantheon,168,170–177;architecture,178–198;relationship of the mythology to that of the Nahua,166;Dr. Le Plongeon’s theories as to,239Mayapan.City-state in Yucatan,152;rises into prominence,153,155;overthrown by allies,156Mayta Ccapac.The fourth Inca,283Meahŭan, Mount.In the Kiche myth of Vukub-Cakix,216Medicine-men.Account of the methods of, among Peruvians,314–315Metztli(orYohualticitl) (The Lady of Night). Mexican goddess of the moon,106;in myth of Nanahuatl,93,106Mexicatl Teohuatzin(Mexican Lord of Divine Matters). Head of the Aztec priesthood,116Mexico.I. The city; capital of the Aztecs, native name Tenochtitlan,26,47;origin of the name,73;said to have been founded by Acolhuans,26;Huitzilopochtli and,28,73;legends of the foundation of,28–29;at the period of the conquest,29–30;the annual “bloodless battle” with Tlascala,48.II. The state; the civilisation of,1,9;possibly reached by early Norsemen,5Mexico-Tenochtitlan.Native name of city of Mexico,29Mexitli(Hare of the Aloes). A name of Huitzilopochtli,74Mictecaciuatl.Wife of Mictlan,96Mictlan(orMictlantecutli) (Lord of Hades).I. Mexican god of the dead and the underworld,37,76,95–96;God A probably identical with,173.II. The abode of the god Mictlan; Mitla identified with,198.III. Village mentioned by Torquemada,199Migration Myths.Probably reflect actual migrations,234–235Mitla.Maya city,31,144;ruins at,197–198;identified with Mictlan, the Mexican Hades,198;description of, by Father Torquemada,199;description of, by Father Burgoa,199–206Mixcoatl(Cloud Serpent). Aztec god of the chase,110–111;Camaxtli identified with,111Mixe.Aboriginal Mexican race,24Mixteca.Aboriginal Mexican race,23;creation-myth of,120–121;a medium through which Maya civilisation passed north,147Moche.Place in Peru; sepulchral mound at,271Mohanes(orAgoreros). Members of Peruvian tribes who claimed power as oracles,297–298,314Moneneque(The Claimer of Prayer). A name of Tezcatlipoca,67Montezuma II.Mexican emperor, native name Motequauhzoma; mentioned,35,44;and the coming of Cortés,7;in the story of Tlalhuicole,136–137;in the story of Princess Papan,139–142Móo, Queen.The story of,239–247Moon, The.Mythic mother of the Inca dynasty,262;temple of, at Cuzco,261–262;wife of the sun, in the mythology of the Chibchas,276Muluc.A minor Maya deity,170Mummification.Among the Peruvians,262–264NNadaillac, Marquis de.Account of the use ofquipos,278–279Nahua(Those who live by Rule). Ancient Mexican race,9;civilisation, features in, and character of,9,146,148;compared with Oriental peoples,10;meaning of the name,10;place of origin,10–11;route of migrations to Mexico,12;theory of Toltec influence upon,22;and cliff-dwellers,24–25;territories occupied by,25;writing system of,34–35;calendric system of,38–41;language of,42–43;science of,43;form of government,43–44;domestic life of,44–45;distribution of the component tribes,47;authentic history of the nation,48–53;religion,54;Tezcatlipoca and,67;influence of the Maya civilisation upon,147;culture and religion influenced by climatic conditions,148;invade Maya territory,150–151;influence Maya cleavage,151;in the Maya conflict in Guatemala,159;the relationship of the mythology of, to that of the Maya,166;difference in sun-worship of, from Peruvian,307–308Nahuatlatolli.The Nahua tongue,25Nanahuatl(Poor Leper) (orNanauatzin). Mexican god of skin diseases,93;the myth of,93;Xolotl probably identical with,93Nanauatzin.Same as Nanahuatl,which seeNanihehecatl.Form of Quetzalcoatl,84Nata.The Mexican Noah,122–123Nauhollin(The Four Motions). Mexican sacrificial ceremonies,99Nauhyotl.Toltec ruler of Colhuacan,20Nemontemi(unlucky days). In Mexican calendar,39,40Nena.Wife of Nata, the Mexican Noah,122–123Nexiuhilpilitztli(binding of years). In Mexican calendar,39,40Nextepehua.Fiend in the Mexican Other-world,38Nezahualcoyotl(Fasting Coyote). King of Tezcuco; the story of,125–128;his enlightened rule,128;as a poet,128;his theology,128;and his son’s offence,129;his palace,132;his villa of Tezcotzinco,133–136Nezahualpilli(The Hungry Chief).I. A manifestation of Tezcatlipoca,66.II. Son of Nezahualcoyotl; story of his wife’s crime,129–132;in the story of Princess Papan,140Nima-Kiche.The ancestor of the Kiche race; the legend of,158Ninxor-Carchah.Place in Guatemala; mentioned inPopol Vuhmyth,224Nitiçapoloa.Ceremony connected with worship of Centeotl the son,90Nonohualco.Place in Mexico; Tutul Xius may have come from,153Norsemen.Voyages of the, to America,5Nunnery.The ruin at Chichen-Itza,189–190OObsequies.In Peru; a description of,316–317Ocosingo.Ruined Maya city,149Ollanta.Inca chieftain; in the dramaApu-Ollanta,251–253Ollantay-tampu.Prehistoric ruins at,250–251;Apu-Ollanta, the drama legend of,251–253Omacatl(Two Reeds). Mexican god of festivity,112–113Omeciuatl.Mexican mother god of the human species, associated with Ometecutli,103–104,118;Xmucane the Kiche equivalent of,236Ometecutli(Two-Lord). Father god of the human species, associated with Omeciuatl,103–104,118;Xpiyacoc the Kiche equivalent of,236Ometochtli.I. Apulque-god,104.II. A day in the Mexican calendar,105Opochtli(The Left-handed). Mexican god of fishers and bird-catchers,113–114Oraclesin Peru,296–297;a legend connected with an oracle,302–303Otomi.Aboriginal Mexican race,23,25,50Owen, Guttyn.Mentioned,6Oxford Codex,37PPaapiti.Island on Lake Titicaca; Huaina Ccapac and the lake-goddess and,299Pacari Tampu(House of the Dawn). Place of origin of four brothers and sisters who initiated the systems of worship and civilised Peru,305,307Pacaw.A sorcerer mentioned inPopol Vuhmyth,227Paccariscas.Holy places of origin of the Peruvian tribes,292,293,305Pachacamac.I. The supreme divinity of the Incas, known also as Pacharurac,257,303–304;not a primitive conception,257;in the local creation-myth of Irma,258–259;the Ccapac Raymi the national festival of,267;Yatiri the Aymara name for,299;symbol of, in the Coricancha,304;regarded as son of the sun,306;daughters of, in the Coniraya myth,323.II. Sacred city of the Incas,310;ruins of,273;in the Coniraya myth,322Pachacamama(Earth-Mother). Name given by the Incas to their conception of the earth,257Pachacta unanchac.Inca device for determining the solstices,265–266Pachacutic(orYupanqui Pachacutic) (He who changes the World). Ninth Inca; in the dramaApu-Ollanta,251–252;defeats Hastu-huaraca,282,284–285;formerly known as Yupanqui,285;his extensive dominion,286;his achievements as ruler,286–287;a man like the Mexican Nezahualcoyotl,291;and the legend of the stones that turned into warriors,294;and the thunder-god,300;and the conception of the creator,304;introduces sun-worship,308;the vision of,317–318Pachamama(orMamapacha) (Earth-Mother). The Peruvian earth-goddess,303Pacharurac.A name of Pachacamac,which seePachayachachic.A form of Pachacamac, regarded as direct ruler of the universe,299,304;Viracocha called,307“Palace of Owls.” Ruin at Aké,186Palace, The, at Palenque,183–185Palenque.Maya city,144,149,182–186;the Palace at,183–185;Temple of Inscriptions at,185;Temple of the Sun,185;Temple of the Cross,185;Temple of the Cross No. II,186;“Tablet of the Cross” at,161,185–186Palpan.Hill near Tollan; excavations at,34Papantzin.Sister of Montezuma II; the story of her return from the tomb,139–142Papaztac(The Nerveless). Apulque-god,104Pariacaca.I. A name of the Peruvian thunder-god,299–300;and the lake of Pariacaca,300.II. The lake of,300Paricaca.A hero, father of Huathiacuri; in the Huathiacuri myth,324–326;in a flood-myth,326–327;and the Choque Suso myth,327Paris(orTellerio-Remensis)Codex,37Patecatl.Apulque-god,104“Path of the Dead, The,” at Teotihuacan,33Payne, E. J.On the origin of the Maya culture,1;on the origin of the Nahua,10;on the Toltecs,21;on the Teoyaominqui fallacy,88–90Peru.The civilisation of,1,248–290;the country,248–249;the people,253–255;the mythology,255–259,291–327;government,259–260,290;laws and customs,264–265;the calendar,265–266;the festivals,267;architecture and architectural remains,259,268–273;irrigation works,273;no writing or numeral system,278;craftsmanship,259,279–281;history,281–290;religion,291–313;human sacrifice,313Peten-Itza.Maya city, founded by a prince of Chichen-Itza,156;the incident of Cortés and his horse at,195–196;a city “filled with idols,”196Petlac.Place mentioned in myth of Huitzilopochtli’s origin,72Piedras Negras.Ruined Maya city,149“Pigeon House.” Ruin at Uxmal,194Piguerao.Peruvian deity, brother of Apocatequil; in a creation-myth,301Pillan.Thunder-god of aborigines of Chile, analogous to Tlaloc,78Pillco-puncu.Door to be passed before reaching Rock of Titicaca,311Pinturas.Mexican hieroglyphs, or picture-writing,7,34–37Pipil dialect,145Piqui-Chaqui(Flea-footed). Servant of Ollanta,251Pissac.Ruined Inca fortress at,250Pitu Salla.Guardian of Yma Sumac,253Pizarro, Francisco.Conqueror of Peru,255Pizarro, Pedro.Cousin of Francisco Pizarro,262“Place of Fruits.” Valley in which Tollan stood,14Pleiades.Kiche myth of the origin of,215Pocomams.District in Guatemala,158Popocatepetl.The mountain; sacred to Tlaloc,77Popolcan.Aboriginal Mexican race,24“Popol Vuh” (The Collection of Written Leaves). A volume of Maya-Kiche mythology and history,152,157,158;description,207–209;genuine character,208;probable date of composition,235;antiquity,236,238;the gods and others mentioned in,236–237;probably a metricalcomposition originally,237–238.The first book:The creation,209;the downfall of man,209–210;story of Vukub-Cakix,210–213;the undoing of Zipacna,213–216;the overthrow of Cabrakan,216–219;the creation-story probably the result of the fusion of several myths,235.The second book:Hunhun-Apu and Vukub-Hunapu descend to the Underworld,220–221;Hunhun-Apu and Xquiq,222;birth and exploits of Hun-Apu and Xbalanque,223–224;the hero-brothers in Xibalba, and the discomfiture of the Lords of Hell,225–227;the conception in this book common to other mythologies,228;the savage dread of death probably responsible for the conception of its vanquishment,228;other sources of the myth,228.The third book:Man is created,229;woman is created,230;gods are vouchsafed to man,230;Tohil provides fire,230–231;the race is confounded in speech and migrates,231;the sun appears,231;death of the first men,232;resemblance of the myth to those of other American peoples,232;similarity of the migration-story to others,233–234;probable origin of the migration-myth,234–235.The fourth book,238–239Potosi.Peruvian city,248Powel.History of Wales, cited,5Poyauhtecatl, Mount.In Quetzalcoatl myth,65Ppapp-Hol-Chac(The House of Heads and Lightnings). Ruin at Itzamal,187Priesthood, Mexican,114–117;power of,114;beneficent ministrations of,115;revenues of,115;education conducted by,115–116;orders of,116;rigorous existence of,116–117Pucara.Peruvian fortress-city; leader in the Huanca alliance,282Pueblo Indians.Probably related to Nahua,24Pulque.The universal Mexican beverage,45Pulque-gods,104–105Puma-puncu.Door to be passed before reaching Rock of Titicaca,311Puma-Snake.Mixtec deer-god; in creation-myth,120Pumatampu.Place in Peru; Inca Roca defeats the Conti-suyu at,283Purunpacha.The period after the deluge when there was no king, in Peru,324Pyramid of Sacrifice.Ruin at Uxmal,194

Lamacazton(Little Priests). Lowest order of the Aztec priesthood,116Landa, Bishop.And the Maya alphabet,161;discovers the Maya numeral system,165“Lands of the Sun.” Name given to Inca territories,308Language.Mexican or Nahuan,42–43,342;Mayan,161,342;Peruvian,342Le Plongeon, Dr. Augustus.His theories as to the Maya,239;and the Maya hieroglyphs,239;his story of Queen Móo,239–247Leguicano, Mancio Serra de.And the golden plate from the Coricancha,262Liyobaa.Village near Mitla; mentioned by Father Burgoa,204Lizana, Father.And the prophecy of Chilan Balam,8Llama.Importance of, among the Incas,268Lloque Yupanqui.The third Inca,283Lorillard.Maya city; architectural remains found at,195

Lamacazton(Little Priests). Lowest order of the Aztec priesthood,116

Landa, Bishop.And the Maya alphabet,161;discovers the Maya numeral system,165

“Lands of the Sun.” Name given to Inca territories,308

Language.Mexican or Nahuan,42–43,342;Mayan,161,342;Peruvian,342

Le Plongeon, Dr. Augustus.His theories as to the Maya,239;and the Maya hieroglyphs,239;his story of Queen Móo,239–247

Leguicano, Mancio Serra de.And the golden plate from the Coricancha,262

Liyobaa.Village near Mitla; mentioned by Father Burgoa,204

Lizana, Father.And the prophecy of Chilan Balam,8

Llama.Importance of, among the Incas,268

Lloque Yupanqui.The third Inca,283

Lorillard.Maya city; architectural remains found at,195

MMacuilxochitl(orXochipilli) (Five-Flower, Source of Flowers). God of luck in gaming,103;Ixtlilton called brother of,112Madoc.The legend of,5,6Mahacutah(The Distinguished Name). One of the first men of thePopol Vuhmyth,229,230Maize-gods.Mexican,85–91;Peruvian,295Mallinalcas.Aztec tribe,233Mama Oullo Huaca.Wife of Manco Ccapac,256Mama-cocha(Mother-sea). Conception under which the Peruvians worshipped the sea,306Mamacota.Name given to Lake Titicaca by people of the Collao,298Mamacuna.Matrons who had charge of the Acllacuna, in Peru,313Mamapacha(orPachamama). The Peruvian earth-goddess,303Mamas(Mothers). Tutelary spirits of the maize and other plants in Peru,295Mames.District in Guatemala,158Man of the Sun.Quetzalcoatl as,81;other conceptions of,83Manco.The Inca appointed by Pizarro; and an oracle,302–303Manco Ccapac.I. Divine being, son of the Life-giver; sent to instruct the primitive Peruvians,255–256;a legend in connection with,256.II. The first Inca, identical with the foregoing,282,283;regarded as son of the sun,306;a myth of,320–321Mani.Mexican city, founded by the Tutul Xius,155Mannikins.In the Kiche story of the creation related in thePopol Vuh,209–210Markham, Sir Clements.On Inca architecture,269Matlatzincas.Aztec tribe,233Maxtla.I. King of the Tecpanecs; and Nezahualcoyotl,125–128.II. A noble; in the story of the vicious princess,130Maya.The most highly civilised of ancient American peoples,1,143;their culture erroneously stated to be of Asiatic origin,1;theory as to Toltec relationship,143;sphere of the civilisation,144;the nucleus of the civilisation,144–145,149;the dialects,145;origin of the race,145;their civilisation self-developed,143,146;blood and cultural relationships with Nahua,146–147;efforts at expansion,147–148;climatic influence on the civilisation and religion,148;sources of their history,148–149;division of the aristocratic and labouring classes,150;influence of the Nahua invasions,151;cleavage between Yucatan and Guatemala peoples,151;the Yucatec race,151–152;incidents in migration myths represent genuine experience,152;the race in Guatemala,157;the writing system,159–166;the manuscripts,160–161;the numeral system,165;the mythology,166–169,207–247;the calendar,38,39,169;the pantheon,168,170–177;architecture,178–198;relationship of the mythology to that of the Nahua,166;Dr. Le Plongeon’s theories as to,239Mayapan.City-state in Yucatan,152;rises into prominence,153,155;overthrown by allies,156Mayta Ccapac.The fourth Inca,283Meahŭan, Mount.In the Kiche myth of Vukub-Cakix,216Medicine-men.Account of the methods of, among Peruvians,314–315Metztli(orYohualticitl) (The Lady of Night). Mexican goddess of the moon,106;in myth of Nanahuatl,93,106Mexicatl Teohuatzin(Mexican Lord of Divine Matters). Head of the Aztec priesthood,116Mexico.I. The city; capital of the Aztecs, native name Tenochtitlan,26,47;origin of the name,73;said to have been founded by Acolhuans,26;Huitzilopochtli and,28,73;legends of the foundation of,28–29;at the period of the conquest,29–30;the annual “bloodless battle” with Tlascala,48.II. The state; the civilisation of,1,9;possibly reached by early Norsemen,5Mexico-Tenochtitlan.Native name of city of Mexico,29Mexitli(Hare of the Aloes). A name of Huitzilopochtli,74Mictecaciuatl.Wife of Mictlan,96Mictlan(orMictlantecutli) (Lord of Hades).I. Mexican god of the dead and the underworld,37,76,95–96;God A probably identical with,173.II. The abode of the god Mictlan; Mitla identified with,198.III. Village mentioned by Torquemada,199Migration Myths.Probably reflect actual migrations,234–235Mitla.Maya city,31,144;ruins at,197–198;identified with Mictlan, the Mexican Hades,198;description of, by Father Torquemada,199;description of, by Father Burgoa,199–206Mixcoatl(Cloud Serpent). Aztec god of the chase,110–111;Camaxtli identified with,111Mixe.Aboriginal Mexican race,24Mixteca.Aboriginal Mexican race,23;creation-myth of,120–121;a medium through which Maya civilisation passed north,147Moche.Place in Peru; sepulchral mound at,271Mohanes(orAgoreros). Members of Peruvian tribes who claimed power as oracles,297–298,314Moneneque(The Claimer of Prayer). A name of Tezcatlipoca,67Montezuma II.Mexican emperor, native name Motequauhzoma; mentioned,35,44;and the coming of Cortés,7;in the story of Tlalhuicole,136–137;in the story of Princess Papan,139–142Móo, Queen.The story of,239–247Moon, The.Mythic mother of the Inca dynasty,262;temple of, at Cuzco,261–262;wife of the sun, in the mythology of the Chibchas,276Muluc.A minor Maya deity,170Mummification.Among the Peruvians,262–264

Macuilxochitl(orXochipilli) (Five-Flower, Source of Flowers). God of luck in gaming,103;Ixtlilton called brother of,112Madoc.The legend of,5,6Mahacutah(The Distinguished Name). One of the first men of thePopol Vuhmyth,229,230Maize-gods.Mexican,85–91;Peruvian,295Mallinalcas.Aztec tribe,233Mama Oullo Huaca.Wife of Manco Ccapac,256Mama-cocha(Mother-sea). Conception under which the Peruvians worshipped the sea,306Mamacota.Name given to Lake Titicaca by people of the Collao,298Mamacuna.Matrons who had charge of the Acllacuna, in Peru,313Mamapacha(orPachamama). The Peruvian earth-goddess,303Mamas(Mothers). Tutelary spirits of the maize and other plants in Peru,295Mames.District in Guatemala,158Man of the Sun.Quetzalcoatl as,81;other conceptions of,83Manco.The Inca appointed by Pizarro; and an oracle,302–303Manco Ccapac.I. Divine being, son of the Life-giver; sent to instruct the primitive Peruvians,255–256;a legend in connection with,256.II. The first Inca, identical with the foregoing,282,283;regarded as son of the sun,306;a myth of,320–321Mani.Mexican city, founded by the Tutul Xius,155Mannikins.In the Kiche story of the creation related in thePopol Vuh,209–210Markham, Sir Clements.On Inca architecture,269Matlatzincas.Aztec tribe,233Maxtla.I. King of the Tecpanecs; and Nezahualcoyotl,125–128.II. A noble; in the story of the vicious princess,130Maya.The most highly civilised of ancient American peoples,1,143;their culture erroneously stated to be of Asiatic origin,1;theory as to Toltec relationship,143;sphere of the civilisation,144;the nucleus of the civilisation,144–145,149;the dialects,145;origin of the race,145;their civilisation self-developed,143,146;blood and cultural relationships with Nahua,146–147;efforts at expansion,147–148;climatic influence on the civilisation and religion,148;sources of their history,148–149;division of the aristocratic and labouring classes,150;influence of the Nahua invasions,151;cleavage between Yucatan and Guatemala peoples,151;the Yucatec race,151–152;incidents in migration myths represent genuine experience,152;the race in Guatemala,157;the writing system,159–166;the manuscripts,160–161;the numeral system,165;the mythology,166–169,207–247;the calendar,38,39,169;the pantheon,168,170–177;architecture,178–198;relationship of the mythology to that of the Nahua,166;Dr. Le Plongeon’s theories as to,239Mayapan.City-state in Yucatan,152;rises into prominence,153,155;overthrown by allies,156Mayta Ccapac.The fourth Inca,283Meahŭan, Mount.In the Kiche myth of Vukub-Cakix,216Medicine-men.Account of the methods of, among Peruvians,314–315Metztli(orYohualticitl) (The Lady of Night). Mexican goddess of the moon,106;in myth of Nanahuatl,93,106Mexicatl Teohuatzin(Mexican Lord of Divine Matters). Head of the Aztec priesthood,116Mexico.I. The city; capital of the Aztecs, native name Tenochtitlan,26,47;origin of the name,73;said to have been founded by Acolhuans,26;Huitzilopochtli and,28,73;legends of the foundation of,28–29;at the period of the conquest,29–30;the annual “bloodless battle” with Tlascala,48.II. The state; the civilisation of,1,9;possibly reached by early Norsemen,5Mexico-Tenochtitlan.Native name of city of Mexico,29Mexitli(Hare of the Aloes). A name of Huitzilopochtli,74Mictecaciuatl.Wife of Mictlan,96Mictlan(orMictlantecutli) (Lord of Hades).I. Mexican god of the dead and the underworld,37,76,95–96;God A probably identical with,173.II. The abode of the god Mictlan; Mitla identified with,198.III. Village mentioned by Torquemada,199Migration Myths.Probably reflect actual migrations,234–235Mitla.Maya city,31,144;ruins at,197–198;identified with Mictlan, the Mexican Hades,198;description of, by Father Torquemada,199;description of, by Father Burgoa,199–206Mixcoatl(Cloud Serpent). Aztec god of the chase,110–111;Camaxtli identified with,111Mixe.Aboriginal Mexican race,24Mixteca.Aboriginal Mexican race,23;creation-myth of,120–121;a medium through which Maya civilisation passed north,147Moche.Place in Peru; sepulchral mound at,271Mohanes(orAgoreros). Members of Peruvian tribes who claimed power as oracles,297–298,314Moneneque(The Claimer of Prayer). A name of Tezcatlipoca,67Montezuma II.Mexican emperor, native name Motequauhzoma; mentioned,35,44;and the coming of Cortés,7;in the story of Tlalhuicole,136–137;in the story of Princess Papan,139–142Móo, Queen.The story of,239–247Moon, The.Mythic mother of the Inca dynasty,262;temple of, at Cuzco,261–262;wife of the sun, in the mythology of the Chibchas,276Muluc.A minor Maya deity,170Mummification.Among the Peruvians,262–264

Macuilxochitl(orXochipilli) (Five-Flower, Source of Flowers). God of luck in gaming,103;Ixtlilton called brother of,112

Madoc.The legend of,5,6

Mahacutah(The Distinguished Name). One of the first men of thePopol Vuhmyth,229,230

Maize-gods.Mexican,85–91;Peruvian,295

Mallinalcas.Aztec tribe,233

Mama Oullo Huaca.Wife of Manco Ccapac,256

Mama-cocha(Mother-sea). Conception under which the Peruvians worshipped the sea,306

Mamacota.Name given to Lake Titicaca by people of the Collao,298

Mamacuna.Matrons who had charge of the Acllacuna, in Peru,313

Mamapacha(orPachamama). The Peruvian earth-goddess,303

Mamas(Mothers). Tutelary spirits of the maize and other plants in Peru,295

Mames.District in Guatemala,158

Man of the Sun.Quetzalcoatl as,81;other conceptions of,83

Manco.The Inca appointed by Pizarro; and an oracle,302–303

Manco Ccapac.I. Divine being, son of the Life-giver; sent to instruct the primitive Peruvians,255–256;a legend in connection with,256.II. The first Inca, identical with the foregoing,282,283;regarded as son of the sun,306;a myth of,320–321

Mani.Mexican city, founded by the Tutul Xius,155

Mannikins.In the Kiche story of the creation related in thePopol Vuh,209–210

Markham, Sir Clements.On Inca architecture,269

Matlatzincas.Aztec tribe,233

Maxtla.I. King of the Tecpanecs; and Nezahualcoyotl,125–128.II. A noble; in the story of the vicious princess,130

Maya.The most highly civilised of ancient American peoples,1,143;their culture erroneously stated to be of Asiatic origin,1;theory as to Toltec relationship,143;sphere of the civilisation,144;the nucleus of the civilisation,144–145,149;the dialects,145;origin of the race,145;their civilisation self-developed,143,146;blood and cultural relationships with Nahua,146–147;efforts at expansion,147–148;climatic influence on the civilisation and religion,148;sources of their history,148–149;division of the aristocratic and labouring classes,150;influence of the Nahua invasions,151;cleavage between Yucatan and Guatemala peoples,151;the Yucatec race,151–152;incidents in migration myths represent genuine experience,152;the race in Guatemala,157;the writing system,159–166;the manuscripts,160–161;the numeral system,165;the mythology,166–169,207–247;the calendar,38,39,169;the pantheon,168,170–177;architecture,178–198;relationship of the mythology to that of the Nahua,166;Dr. Le Plongeon’s theories as to,239

Mayapan.City-state in Yucatan,152;rises into prominence,153,155;overthrown by allies,156

Mayta Ccapac.The fourth Inca,283

Meahŭan, Mount.In the Kiche myth of Vukub-Cakix,216

Medicine-men.Account of the methods of, among Peruvians,314–315

Metztli(orYohualticitl) (The Lady of Night). Mexican goddess of the moon,106;in myth of Nanahuatl,93,106

Mexicatl Teohuatzin(Mexican Lord of Divine Matters). Head of the Aztec priesthood,116

Mexico.I. The city; capital of the Aztecs, native name Tenochtitlan,26,47;origin of the name,73;said to have been founded by Acolhuans,26;Huitzilopochtli and,28,73;legends of the foundation of,28–29;at the period of the conquest,29–30;the annual “bloodless battle” with Tlascala,48.II. The state; the civilisation of,1,9;possibly reached by early Norsemen,5

Mexico-Tenochtitlan.Native name of city of Mexico,29

Mexitli(Hare of the Aloes). A name of Huitzilopochtli,74

Mictecaciuatl.Wife of Mictlan,96

Mictlan(orMictlantecutli) (Lord of Hades).I. Mexican god of the dead and the underworld,37,76,95–96;God A probably identical with,173.II. The abode of the god Mictlan; Mitla identified with,198.III. Village mentioned by Torquemada,199

Migration Myths.Probably reflect actual migrations,234–235

Mitla.Maya city,31,144;ruins at,197–198;identified with Mictlan, the Mexican Hades,198;description of, by Father Torquemada,199;description of, by Father Burgoa,199–206

Mixcoatl(Cloud Serpent). Aztec god of the chase,110–111;Camaxtli identified with,111

Mixe.Aboriginal Mexican race,24

Mixteca.Aboriginal Mexican race,23;creation-myth of,120–121;a medium through which Maya civilisation passed north,147

Moche.Place in Peru; sepulchral mound at,271

Mohanes(orAgoreros). Members of Peruvian tribes who claimed power as oracles,297–298,314

Moneneque(The Claimer of Prayer). A name of Tezcatlipoca,67

Montezuma II.Mexican emperor, native name Motequauhzoma; mentioned,35,44;and the coming of Cortés,7;in the story of Tlalhuicole,136–137;in the story of Princess Papan,139–142

Móo, Queen.The story of,239–247

Moon, The.Mythic mother of the Inca dynasty,262;temple of, at Cuzco,261–262;wife of the sun, in the mythology of the Chibchas,276

Muluc.A minor Maya deity,170

Mummification.Among the Peruvians,262–264

NNadaillac, Marquis de.Account of the use ofquipos,278–279Nahua(Those who live by Rule). Ancient Mexican race,9;civilisation, features in, and character of,9,146,148;compared with Oriental peoples,10;meaning of the name,10;place of origin,10–11;route of migrations to Mexico,12;theory of Toltec influence upon,22;and cliff-dwellers,24–25;territories occupied by,25;writing system of,34–35;calendric system of,38–41;language of,42–43;science of,43;form of government,43–44;domestic life of,44–45;distribution of the component tribes,47;authentic history of the nation,48–53;religion,54;Tezcatlipoca and,67;influence of the Maya civilisation upon,147;culture and religion influenced by climatic conditions,148;invade Maya territory,150–151;influence Maya cleavage,151;in the Maya conflict in Guatemala,159;the relationship of the mythology of, to that of the Maya,166;difference in sun-worship of, from Peruvian,307–308Nahuatlatolli.The Nahua tongue,25Nanahuatl(Poor Leper) (orNanauatzin). Mexican god of skin diseases,93;the myth of,93;Xolotl probably identical with,93Nanauatzin.Same as Nanahuatl,which seeNanihehecatl.Form of Quetzalcoatl,84Nata.The Mexican Noah,122–123Nauhollin(The Four Motions). Mexican sacrificial ceremonies,99Nauhyotl.Toltec ruler of Colhuacan,20Nemontemi(unlucky days). In Mexican calendar,39,40Nena.Wife of Nata, the Mexican Noah,122–123Nexiuhilpilitztli(binding of years). In Mexican calendar,39,40Nextepehua.Fiend in the Mexican Other-world,38Nezahualcoyotl(Fasting Coyote). King of Tezcuco; the story of,125–128;his enlightened rule,128;as a poet,128;his theology,128;and his son’s offence,129;his palace,132;his villa of Tezcotzinco,133–136Nezahualpilli(The Hungry Chief).I. A manifestation of Tezcatlipoca,66.II. Son of Nezahualcoyotl; story of his wife’s crime,129–132;in the story of Princess Papan,140Nima-Kiche.The ancestor of the Kiche race; the legend of,158Ninxor-Carchah.Place in Guatemala; mentioned inPopol Vuhmyth,224Nitiçapoloa.Ceremony connected with worship of Centeotl the son,90Nonohualco.Place in Mexico; Tutul Xius may have come from,153Norsemen.Voyages of the, to America,5Nunnery.The ruin at Chichen-Itza,189–190

Nadaillac, Marquis de.Account of the use ofquipos,278–279Nahua(Those who live by Rule). Ancient Mexican race,9;civilisation, features in, and character of,9,146,148;compared with Oriental peoples,10;meaning of the name,10;place of origin,10–11;route of migrations to Mexico,12;theory of Toltec influence upon,22;and cliff-dwellers,24–25;territories occupied by,25;writing system of,34–35;calendric system of,38–41;language of,42–43;science of,43;form of government,43–44;domestic life of,44–45;distribution of the component tribes,47;authentic history of the nation,48–53;religion,54;Tezcatlipoca and,67;influence of the Maya civilisation upon,147;culture and religion influenced by climatic conditions,148;invade Maya territory,150–151;influence Maya cleavage,151;in the Maya conflict in Guatemala,159;the relationship of the mythology of, to that of the Maya,166;difference in sun-worship of, from Peruvian,307–308Nahuatlatolli.The Nahua tongue,25Nanahuatl(Poor Leper) (orNanauatzin). Mexican god of skin diseases,93;the myth of,93;Xolotl probably identical with,93Nanauatzin.Same as Nanahuatl,which seeNanihehecatl.Form of Quetzalcoatl,84Nata.The Mexican Noah,122–123Nauhollin(The Four Motions). Mexican sacrificial ceremonies,99Nauhyotl.Toltec ruler of Colhuacan,20Nemontemi(unlucky days). In Mexican calendar,39,40Nena.Wife of Nata, the Mexican Noah,122–123Nexiuhilpilitztli(binding of years). In Mexican calendar,39,40Nextepehua.Fiend in the Mexican Other-world,38Nezahualcoyotl(Fasting Coyote). King of Tezcuco; the story of,125–128;his enlightened rule,128;as a poet,128;his theology,128;and his son’s offence,129;his palace,132;his villa of Tezcotzinco,133–136Nezahualpilli(The Hungry Chief).I. A manifestation of Tezcatlipoca,66.II. Son of Nezahualcoyotl; story of his wife’s crime,129–132;in the story of Princess Papan,140Nima-Kiche.The ancestor of the Kiche race; the legend of,158Ninxor-Carchah.Place in Guatemala; mentioned inPopol Vuhmyth,224Nitiçapoloa.Ceremony connected with worship of Centeotl the son,90Nonohualco.Place in Mexico; Tutul Xius may have come from,153Norsemen.Voyages of the, to America,5Nunnery.The ruin at Chichen-Itza,189–190

Nadaillac, Marquis de.Account of the use ofquipos,278–279

Nahua(Those who live by Rule). Ancient Mexican race,9;civilisation, features in, and character of,9,146,148;compared with Oriental peoples,10;meaning of the name,10;place of origin,10–11;route of migrations to Mexico,12;theory of Toltec influence upon,22;and cliff-dwellers,24–25;territories occupied by,25;writing system of,34–35;calendric system of,38–41;language of,42–43;science of,43;form of government,43–44;domestic life of,44–45;distribution of the component tribes,47;authentic history of the nation,48–53;religion,54;Tezcatlipoca and,67;influence of the Maya civilisation upon,147;culture and religion influenced by climatic conditions,148;invade Maya territory,150–151;influence Maya cleavage,151;in the Maya conflict in Guatemala,159;the relationship of the mythology of, to that of the Maya,166;difference in sun-worship of, from Peruvian,307–308

Nahuatlatolli.The Nahua tongue,25

Nanahuatl(Poor Leper) (orNanauatzin). Mexican god of skin diseases,93;the myth of,93;Xolotl probably identical with,93

Nanauatzin.Same as Nanahuatl,which see

Nanihehecatl.Form of Quetzalcoatl,84

Nata.The Mexican Noah,122–123

Nauhollin(The Four Motions). Mexican sacrificial ceremonies,99

Nauhyotl.Toltec ruler of Colhuacan,20

Nemontemi(unlucky days). In Mexican calendar,39,40

Nena.Wife of Nata, the Mexican Noah,122–123

Nexiuhilpilitztli(binding of years). In Mexican calendar,39,40

Nextepehua.Fiend in the Mexican Other-world,38

Nezahualcoyotl(Fasting Coyote). King of Tezcuco; the story of,125–128;his enlightened rule,128;as a poet,128;his theology,128;and his son’s offence,129;his palace,132;his villa of Tezcotzinco,133–136

Nezahualpilli(The Hungry Chief).I. A manifestation of Tezcatlipoca,66.II. Son of Nezahualcoyotl; story of his wife’s crime,129–132;in the story of Princess Papan,140

Nima-Kiche.The ancestor of the Kiche race; the legend of,158

Ninxor-Carchah.Place in Guatemala; mentioned inPopol Vuhmyth,224

Nitiçapoloa.Ceremony connected with worship of Centeotl the son,90

Nonohualco.Place in Mexico; Tutul Xius may have come from,153

Norsemen.Voyages of the, to America,5

Nunnery.The ruin at Chichen-Itza,189–190

OObsequies.In Peru; a description of,316–317Ocosingo.Ruined Maya city,149Ollanta.Inca chieftain; in the dramaApu-Ollanta,251–253Ollantay-tampu.Prehistoric ruins at,250–251;Apu-Ollanta, the drama legend of,251–253Omacatl(Two Reeds). Mexican god of festivity,112–113Omeciuatl.Mexican mother god of the human species, associated with Ometecutli,103–104,118;Xmucane the Kiche equivalent of,236Ometecutli(Two-Lord). Father god of the human species, associated with Omeciuatl,103–104,118;Xpiyacoc the Kiche equivalent of,236Ometochtli.I. Apulque-god,104.II. A day in the Mexican calendar,105Opochtli(The Left-handed). Mexican god of fishers and bird-catchers,113–114Oraclesin Peru,296–297;a legend connected with an oracle,302–303Otomi.Aboriginal Mexican race,23,25,50Owen, Guttyn.Mentioned,6Oxford Codex,37

Obsequies.In Peru; a description of,316–317Ocosingo.Ruined Maya city,149Ollanta.Inca chieftain; in the dramaApu-Ollanta,251–253Ollantay-tampu.Prehistoric ruins at,250–251;Apu-Ollanta, the drama legend of,251–253Omacatl(Two Reeds). Mexican god of festivity,112–113Omeciuatl.Mexican mother god of the human species, associated with Ometecutli,103–104,118;Xmucane the Kiche equivalent of,236Ometecutli(Two-Lord). Father god of the human species, associated with Omeciuatl,103–104,118;Xpiyacoc the Kiche equivalent of,236Ometochtli.I. Apulque-god,104.II. A day in the Mexican calendar,105Opochtli(The Left-handed). Mexican god of fishers and bird-catchers,113–114Oraclesin Peru,296–297;a legend connected with an oracle,302–303Otomi.Aboriginal Mexican race,23,25,50Owen, Guttyn.Mentioned,6Oxford Codex,37

Obsequies.In Peru; a description of,316–317

Ocosingo.Ruined Maya city,149

Ollanta.Inca chieftain; in the dramaApu-Ollanta,251–253

Ollantay-tampu.Prehistoric ruins at,250–251;Apu-Ollanta, the drama legend of,251–253

Omacatl(Two Reeds). Mexican god of festivity,112–113

Omeciuatl.Mexican mother god of the human species, associated with Ometecutli,103–104,118;Xmucane the Kiche equivalent of,236

Ometecutli(Two-Lord). Father god of the human species, associated with Omeciuatl,103–104,118;Xpiyacoc the Kiche equivalent of,236

Ometochtli.I. Apulque-god,104.II. A day in the Mexican calendar,105

Opochtli(The Left-handed). Mexican god of fishers and bird-catchers,113–114

Oraclesin Peru,296–297;a legend connected with an oracle,302–303

Otomi.Aboriginal Mexican race,23,25,50

Owen, Guttyn.Mentioned,6

Oxford Codex,37

PPaapiti.Island on Lake Titicaca; Huaina Ccapac and the lake-goddess and,299Pacari Tampu(House of the Dawn). Place of origin of four brothers and sisters who initiated the systems of worship and civilised Peru,305,307Pacaw.A sorcerer mentioned inPopol Vuhmyth,227Paccariscas.Holy places of origin of the Peruvian tribes,292,293,305Pachacamac.I. The supreme divinity of the Incas, known also as Pacharurac,257,303–304;not a primitive conception,257;in the local creation-myth of Irma,258–259;the Ccapac Raymi the national festival of,267;Yatiri the Aymara name for,299;symbol of, in the Coricancha,304;regarded as son of the sun,306;daughters of, in the Coniraya myth,323.II. Sacred city of the Incas,310;ruins of,273;in the Coniraya myth,322Pachacamama(Earth-Mother). Name given by the Incas to their conception of the earth,257Pachacta unanchac.Inca device for determining the solstices,265–266Pachacutic(orYupanqui Pachacutic) (He who changes the World). Ninth Inca; in the dramaApu-Ollanta,251–252;defeats Hastu-huaraca,282,284–285;formerly known as Yupanqui,285;his extensive dominion,286;his achievements as ruler,286–287;a man like the Mexican Nezahualcoyotl,291;and the legend of the stones that turned into warriors,294;and the thunder-god,300;and the conception of the creator,304;introduces sun-worship,308;the vision of,317–318Pachamama(orMamapacha) (Earth-Mother). The Peruvian earth-goddess,303Pacharurac.A name of Pachacamac,which seePachayachachic.A form of Pachacamac, regarded as direct ruler of the universe,299,304;Viracocha called,307“Palace of Owls.” Ruin at Aké,186Palace, The, at Palenque,183–185Palenque.Maya city,144,149,182–186;the Palace at,183–185;Temple of Inscriptions at,185;Temple of the Sun,185;Temple of the Cross,185;Temple of the Cross No. II,186;“Tablet of the Cross” at,161,185–186Palpan.Hill near Tollan; excavations at,34Papantzin.Sister of Montezuma II; the story of her return from the tomb,139–142Papaztac(The Nerveless). Apulque-god,104Pariacaca.I. A name of the Peruvian thunder-god,299–300;and the lake of Pariacaca,300.II. The lake of,300Paricaca.A hero, father of Huathiacuri; in the Huathiacuri myth,324–326;in a flood-myth,326–327;and the Choque Suso myth,327Paris(orTellerio-Remensis)Codex,37Patecatl.Apulque-god,104“Path of the Dead, The,” at Teotihuacan,33Payne, E. J.On the origin of the Maya culture,1;on the origin of the Nahua,10;on the Toltecs,21;on the Teoyaominqui fallacy,88–90Peru.The civilisation of,1,248–290;the country,248–249;the people,253–255;the mythology,255–259,291–327;government,259–260,290;laws and customs,264–265;the calendar,265–266;the festivals,267;architecture and architectural remains,259,268–273;irrigation works,273;no writing or numeral system,278;craftsmanship,259,279–281;history,281–290;religion,291–313;human sacrifice,313Peten-Itza.Maya city, founded by a prince of Chichen-Itza,156;the incident of Cortés and his horse at,195–196;a city “filled with idols,”196Petlac.Place mentioned in myth of Huitzilopochtli’s origin,72Piedras Negras.Ruined Maya city,149“Pigeon House.” Ruin at Uxmal,194Piguerao.Peruvian deity, brother of Apocatequil; in a creation-myth,301Pillan.Thunder-god of aborigines of Chile, analogous to Tlaloc,78Pillco-puncu.Door to be passed before reaching Rock of Titicaca,311Pinturas.Mexican hieroglyphs, or picture-writing,7,34–37Pipil dialect,145Piqui-Chaqui(Flea-footed). Servant of Ollanta,251Pissac.Ruined Inca fortress at,250Pitu Salla.Guardian of Yma Sumac,253Pizarro, Francisco.Conqueror of Peru,255Pizarro, Pedro.Cousin of Francisco Pizarro,262“Place of Fruits.” Valley in which Tollan stood,14Pleiades.Kiche myth of the origin of,215Pocomams.District in Guatemala,158Popocatepetl.The mountain; sacred to Tlaloc,77Popolcan.Aboriginal Mexican race,24“Popol Vuh” (The Collection of Written Leaves). A volume of Maya-Kiche mythology and history,152,157,158;description,207–209;genuine character,208;probable date of composition,235;antiquity,236,238;the gods and others mentioned in,236–237;probably a metricalcomposition originally,237–238.The first book:The creation,209;the downfall of man,209–210;story of Vukub-Cakix,210–213;the undoing of Zipacna,213–216;the overthrow of Cabrakan,216–219;the creation-story probably the result of the fusion of several myths,235.The second book:Hunhun-Apu and Vukub-Hunapu descend to the Underworld,220–221;Hunhun-Apu and Xquiq,222;birth and exploits of Hun-Apu and Xbalanque,223–224;the hero-brothers in Xibalba, and the discomfiture of the Lords of Hell,225–227;the conception in this book common to other mythologies,228;the savage dread of death probably responsible for the conception of its vanquishment,228;other sources of the myth,228.The third book:Man is created,229;woman is created,230;gods are vouchsafed to man,230;Tohil provides fire,230–231;the race is confounded in speech and migrates,231;the sun appears,231;death of the first men,232;resemblance of the myth to those of other American peoples,232;similarity of the migration-story to others,233–234;probable origin of the migration-myth,234–235.The fourth book,238–239Potosi.Peruvian city,248Powel.History of Wales, cited,5Poyauhtecatl, Mount.In Quetzalcoatl myth,65Ppapp-Hol-Chac(The House of Heads and Lightnings). Ruin at Itzamal,187Priesthood, Mexican,114–117;power of,114;beneficent ministrations of,115;revenues of,115;education conducted by,115–116;orders of,116;rigorous existence of,116–117Pucara.Peruvian fortress-city; leader in the Huanca alliance,282Pueblo Indians.Probably related to Nahua,24Pulque.The universal Mexican beverage,45Pulque-gods,104–105Puma-puncu.Door to be passed before reaching Rock of Titicaca,311Puma-Snake.Mixtec deer-god; in creation-myth,120Pumatampu.Place in Peru; Inca Roca defeats the Conti-suyu at,283Purunpacha.The period after the deluge when there was no king, in Peru,324Pyramid of Sacrifice.Ruin at Uxmal,194

Paapiti.Island on Lake Titicaca; Huaina Ccapac and the lake-goddess and,299Pacari Tampu(House of the Dawn). Place of origin of four brothers and sisters who initiated the systems of worship and civilised Peru,305,307Pacaw.A sorcerer mentioned inPopol Vuhmyth,227Paccariscas.Holy places of origin of the Peruvian tribes,292,293,305Pachacamac.I. The supreme divinity of the Incas, known also as Pacharurac,257,303–304;not a primitive conception,257;in the local creation-myth of Irma,258–259;the Ccapac Raymi the national festival of,267;Yatiri the Aymara name for,299;symbol of, in the Coricancha,304;regarded as son of the sun,306;daughters of, in the Coniraya myth,323.II. Sacred city of the Incas,310;ruins of,273;in the Coniraya myth,322Pachacamama(Earth-Mother). Name given by the Incas to their conception of the earth,257Pachacta unanchac.Inca device for determining the solstices,265–266Pachacutic(orYupanqui Pachacutic) (He who changes the World). Ninth Inca; in the dramaApu-Ollanta,251–252;defeats Hastu-huaraca,282,284–285;formerly known as Yupanqui,285;his extensive dominion,286;his achievements as ruler,286–287;a man like the Mexican Nezahualcoyotl,291;and the legend of the stones that turned into warriors,294;and the thunder-god,300;and the conception of the creator,304;introduces sun-worship,308;the vision of,317–318Pachamama(orMamapacha) (Earth-Mother). The Peruvian earth-goddess,303Pacharurac.A name of Pachacamac,which seePachayachachic.A form of Pachacamac, regarded as direct ruler of the universe,299,304;Viracocha called,307“Palace of Owls.” Ruin at Aké,186Palace, The, at Palenque,183–185Palenque.Maya city,144,149,182–186;the Palace at,183–185;Temple of Inscriptions at,185;Temple of the Sun,185;Temple of the Cross,185;Temple of the Cross No. II,186;“Tablet of the Cross” at,161,185–186Palpan.Hill near Tollan; excavations at,34Papantzin.Sister of Montezuma II; the story of her return from the tomb,139–142Papaztac(The Nerveless). Apulque-god,104Pariacaca.I. A name of the Peruvian thunder-god,299–300;and the lake of Pariacaca,300.II. The lake of,300Paricaca.A hero, father of Huathiacuri; in the Huathiacuri myth,324–326;in a flood-myth,326–327;and the Choque Suso myth,327Paris(orTellerio-Remensis)Codex,37Patecatl.Apulque-god,104“Path of the Dead, The,” at Teotihuacan,33Payne, E. J.On the origin of the Maya culture,1;on the origin of the Nahua,10;on the Toltecs,21;on the Teoyaominqui fallacy,88–90Peru.The civilisation of,1,248–290;the country,248–249;the people,253–255;the mythology,255–259,291–327;government,259–260,290;laws and customs,264–265;the calendar,265–266;the festivals,267;architecture and architectural remains,259,268–273;irrigation works,273;no writing or numeral system,278;craftsmanship,259,279–281;history,281–290;religion,291–313;human sacrifice,313Peten-Itza.Maya city, founded by a prince of Chichen-Itza,156;the incident of Cortés and his horse at,195–196;a city “filled with idols,”196Petlac.Place mentioned in myth of Huitzilopochtli’s origin,72Piedras Negras.Ruined Maya city,149“Pigeon House.” Ruin at Uxmal,194Piguerao.Peruvian deity, brother of Apocatequil; in a creation-myth,301Pillan.Thunder-god of aborigines of Chile, analogous to Tlaloc,78Pillco-puncu.Door to be passed before reaching Rock of Titicaca,311Pinturas.Mexican hieroglyphs, or picture-writing,7,34–37Pipil dialect,145Piqui-Chaqui(Flea-footed). Servant of Ollanta,251Pissac.Ruined Inca fortress at,250Pitu Salla.Guardian of Yma Sumac,253Pizarro, Francisco.Conqueror of Peru,255Pizarro, Pedro.Cousin of Francisco Pizarro,262“Place of Fruits.” Valley in which Tollan stood,14Pleiades.Kiche myth of the origin of,215Pocomams.District in Guatemala,158Popocatepetl.The mountain; sacred to Tlaloc,77Popolcan.Aboriginal Mexican race,24“Popol Vuh” (The Collection of Written Leaves). A volume of Maya-Kiche mythology and history,152,157,158;description,207–209;genuine character,208;probable date of composition,235;antiquity,236,238;the gods and others mentioned in,236–237;probably a metricalcomposition originally,237–238.The first book:The creation,209;the downfall of man,209–210;story of Vukub-Cakix,210–213;the undoing of Zipacna,213–216;the overthrow of Cabrakan,216–219;the creation-story probably the result of the fusion of several myths,235.The second book:Hunhun-Apu and Vukub-Hunapu descend to the Underworld,220–221;Hunhun-Apu and Xquiq,222;birth and exploits of Hun-Apu and Xbalanque,223–224;the hero-brothers in Xibalba, and the discomfiture of the Lords of Hell,225–227;the conception in this book common to other mythologies,228;the savage dread of death probably responsible for the conception of its vanquishment,228;other sources of the myth,228.The third book:Man is created,229;woman is created,230;gods are vouchsafed to man,230;Tohil provides fire,230–231;the race is confounded in speech and migrates,231;the sun appears,231;death of the first men,232;resemblance of the myth to those of other American peoples,232;similarity of the migration-story to others,233–234;probable origin of the migration-myth,234–235.The fourth book,238–239Potosi.Peruvian city,248Powel.History of Wales, cited,5Poyauhtecatl, Mount.In Quetzalcoatl myth,65Ppapp-Hol-Chac(The House of Heads and Lightnings). Ruin at Itzamal,187Priesthood, Mexican,114–117;power of,114;beneficent ministrations of,115;revenues of,115;education conducted by,115–116;orders of,116;rigorous existence of,116–117Pucara.Peruvian fortress-city; leader in the Huanca alliance,282Pueblo Indians.Probably related to Nahua,24Pulque.The universal Mexican beverage,45Pulque-gods,104–105Puma-puncu.Door to be passed before reaching Rock of Titicaca,311Puma-Snake.Mixtec deer-god; in creation-myth,120Pumatampu.Place in Peru; Inca Roca defeats the Conti-suyu at,283Purunpacha.The period after the deluge when there was no king, in Peru,324Pyramid of Sacrifice.Ruin at Uxmal,194

Paapiti.Island on Lake Titicaca; Huaina Ccapac and the lake-goddess and,299

Pacari Tampu(House of the Dawn). Place of origin of four brothers and sisters who initiated the systems of worship and civilised Peru,305,307

Pacaw.A sorcerer mentioned inPopol Vuhmyth,227

Paccariscas.Holy places of origin of the Peruvian tribes,292,293,305

Pachacamac.I. The supreme divinity of the Incas, known also as Pacharurac,257,303–304;not a primitive conception,257;in the local creation-myth of Irma,258–259;the Ccapac Raymi the national festival of,267;Yatiri the Aymara name for,299;symbol of, in the Coricancha,304;regarded as son of the sun,306;daughters of, in the Coniraya myth,323.II. Sacred city of the Incas,310;ruins of,273;in the Coniraya myth,322

Pachacamama(Earth-Mother). Name given by the Incas to their conception of the earth,257

Pachacta unanchac.Inca device for determining the solstices,265–266

Pachacutic(orYupanqui Pachacutic) (He who changes the World). Ninth Inca; in the dramaApu-Ollanta,251–252;defeats Hastu-huaraca,282,284–285;formerly known as Yupanqui,285;his extensive dominion,286;his achievements as ruler,286–287;a man like the Mexican Nezahualcoyotl,291;and the legend of the stones that turned into warriors,294;and the thunder-god,300;and the conception of the creator,304;introduces sun-worship,308;the vision of,317–318

Pachamama(orMamapacha) (Earth-Mother). The Peruvian earth-goddess,303

Pacharurac.A name of Pachacamac,which see

Pachayachachic.A form of Pachacamac, regarded as direct ruler of the universe,299,304;Viracocha called,307

“Palace of Owls.” Ruin at Aké,186

Palace, The, at Palenque,183–185

Palenque.Maya city,144,149,182–186;the Palace at,183–185;Temple of Inscriptions at,185;Temple of the Sun,185;Temple of the Cross,185;Temple of the Cross No. II,186;“Tablet of the Cross” at,161,185–186

Palpan.Hill near Tollan; excavations at,34

Papantzin.Sister of Montezuma II; the story of her return from the tomb,139–142

Papaztac(The Nerveless). Apulque-god,104

Pariacaca.I. A name of the Peruvian thunder-god,299–300;and the lake of Pariacaca,300.II. The lake of,300

Paricaca.A hero, father of Huathiacuri; in the Huathiacuri myth,324–326;in a flood-myth,326–327;and the Choque Suso myth,327

Paris(orTellerio-Remensis)Codex,37

Patecatl.Apulque-god,104

“Path of the Dead, The,” at Teotihuacan,33

Payne, E. J.On the origin of the Maya culture,1;on the origin of the Nahua,10;on the Toltecs,21;on the Teoyaominqui fallacy,88–90

Peru.The civilisation of,1,248–290;the country,248–249;the people,253–255;the mythology,255–259,291–327;government,259–260,290;laws and customs,264–265;the calendar,265–266;the festivals,267;architecture and architectural remains,259,268–273;irrigation works,273;no writing or numeral system,278;craftsmanship,259,279–281;history,281–290;religion,291–313;human sacrifice,313

Peten-Itza.Maya city, founded by a prince of Chichen-Itza,156;the incident of Cortés and his horse at,195–196;a city “filled with idols,”196

Petlac.Place mentioned in myth of Huitzilopochtli’s origin,72

Piedras Negras.Ruined Maya city,149

“Pigeon House.” Ruin at Uxmal,194

Piguerao.Peruvian deity, brother of Apocatequil; in a creation-myth,301

Pillan.Thunder-god of aborigines of Chile, analogous to Tlaloc,78

Pillco-puncu.Door to be passed before reaching Rock of Titicaca,311

Pinturas.Mexican hieroglyphs, or picture-writing,7,34–37

Pipil dialect,145

Piqui-Chaqui(Flea-footed). Servant of Ollanta,251

Pissac.Ruined Inca fortress at,250

Pitu Salla.Guardian of Yma Sumac,253

Pizarro, Francisco.Conqueror of Peru,255

Pizarro, Pedro.Cousin of Francisco Pizarro,262

“Place of Fruits.” Valley in which Tollan stood,14

Pleiades.Kiche myth of the origin of,215

Pocomams.District in Guatemala,158

Popocatepetl.The mountain; sacred to Tlaloc,77

Popolcan.Aboriginal Mexican race,24

“Popol Vuh” (The Collection of Written Leaves). A volume of Maya-Kiche mythology and history,152,157,158;description,207–209;genuine character,208;probable date of composition,235;antiquity,236,238;the gods and others mentioned in,236–237;probably a metricalcomposition originally,237–238.The first book:The creation,209;the downfall of man,209–210;story of Vukub-Cakix,210–213;the undoing of Zipacna,213–216;the overthrow of Cabrakan,216–219;the creation-story probably the result of the fusion of several myths,235.The second book:Hunhun-Apu and Vukub-Hunapu descend to the Underworld,220–221;Hunhun-Apu and Xquiq,222;birth and exploits of Hun-Apu and Xbalanque,223–224;the hero-brothers in Xibalba, and the discomfiture of the Lords of Hell,225–227;the conception in this book common to other mythologies,228;the savage dread of death probably responsible for the conception of its vanquishment,228;other sources of the myth,228.The third book:Man is created,229;woman is created,230;gods are vouchsafed to man,230;Tohil provides fire,230–231;the race is confounded in speech and migrates,231;the sun appears,231;death of the first men,232;resemblance of the myth to those of other American peoples,232;similarity of the migration-story to others,233–234;probable origin of the migration-myth,234–235.The fourth book,238–239

Potosi.Peruvian city,248

Powel.History of Wales, cited,5

Poyauhtecatl, Mount.In Quetzalcoatl myth,65

Ppapp-Hol-Chac(The House of Heads and Lightnings). Ruin at Itzamal,187

Priesthood, Mexican,114–117;power of,114;beneficent ministrations of,115;revenues of,115;education conducted by,115–116;orders of,116;rigorous existence of,116–117

Pucara.Peruvian fortress-city; leader in the Huanca alliance,282

Pueblo Indians.Probably related to Nahua,24

Pulque.The universal Mexican beverage,45

Pulque-gods,104–105

Puma-puncu.Door to be passed before reaching Rock of Titicaca,311

Puma-Snake.Mixtec deer-god; in creation-myth,120

Pumatampu.Place in Peru; Inca Roca defeats the Conti-suyu at,283

Purunpacha.The period after the deluge when there was no king, in Peru,324

Pyramid of Sacrifice.Ruin at Uxmal,194

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