287Or crawfish.
287Or crawfish.
288“Pectines.” See B. ix. cc. 51, 52, 68, 74, 112.
288“Pectines.” See B. ix. cc. 51, 52, 68, 74, 112.
289Athenæus adds a fourth name, “solen;” and a fifth was “dactylus,” see B. ix. c. 87. According to Dalechamps, the name “donax” was given to one kind of scallop, from its fancied resemblance to a thick, hollow, river-reed, and that of “onyx” from the resemblance of its colour to that of the finger-nails.
289Athenæus adds a fourth name, “solen;” and a fifth was “dactylus,” see B. ix. c. 87. According to Dalechamps, the name “donax” was given to one kind of scallop, from its fancied resemblance to a thick, hollow, river-reed, and that of “onyx” from the resemblance of its colour to that of the finger-nails.
290It is not improbable that he may mean the same animal that has been mentioned in cc.19and26of this Book, the Enhydris. See also B. xxx. c. 8.
290It is not improbable that he may mean the same animal that has been mentioned in cc.19and26of this Book, the Enhydris. See also B. xxx. c. 8.
291See B. xxix. c. 22.
291See B. xxix. c. 22.
292See B. ix. cc. 17, 25, 75.
292See B. ix. cc. 17, 25, 75.
293See B. ix. c. 42, and Chapter27of this Book.
293See B. ix. c. 42, and Chapter27of this Book.
294See B. ix. cc. 18, 19, and Chapter53of this Book.
294See B. ix. cc. 18, 19, and Chapter53of this Book.
295Salted tunny. See B. ix. c. 18.
295Salted tunny. See B. ix. c. 18.
296See B. ix. cc. 24, 48, 74, 75.
296See B. ix. cc. 24, 48, 74, 75.
297Our crawfish.
297Our crawfish.
298See B. ix. cc. 24, 32.
298See B. ix. cc. 24, 32.
299See B. ix. c. 24.
299See B. ix. c. 24.
300See Chapters23,24,30,32, and53of the present Book. Also B. xx. c. 53.
300See Chapters23,24,30,32, and53of the present Book. Also B. xx. c. 53.
301See B. ix. c. 42.
301See B. ix. c. 42.
302“Perca.” See B. ix. c. 24.
302“Perca.” See B. ix. c. 24.
303See Note294above.
303See Note294above.
304See B. ix. c. 14.
304See B. ix. c. 14.
305In B. ix. c. 14.
305In B. ix. c. 14.
306Ajasson remarks that many writers have identified the Smaris with the Sardine or the Anchovy. In his opinion, however, it is neither; but he thinks that under this head were included seven or eight varieties of the Pickerel, the principal of which are, the Sparus smaris of Linnæus and Lacépède, the Sparus mana of Linnæus, or Sparus mendola of Lacépède, and the Sparus haffara of Lacépède and Linnæus.
306Ajasson remarks that many writers have identified the Smaris with the Sardine or the Anchovy. In his opinion, however, it is neither; but he thinks that under this head were included seven or eight varieties of the Pickerel, the principal of which are, the Sparus smaris of Linnæus and Lacépède, the Sparus mana of Linnæus, or Sparus mendola of Lacépède, and the Sparus haffara of Lacépède and Linnæus.
307See Chapter22of the present Book.
307See Chapter22of the present Book.
308See B. ix. c. 1.
308See B. ix. c. 1.
309Literally, the “little serpent.” Some think that it is the Ophidium barbatum of Linnæus. Rondelet identifies it, B. xiv. c. 2, with the small fish calleddonzellaby the people of Montpellier. See c. 31, Note256.
309Literally, the “little serpent.” Some think that it is the Ophidium barbatum of Linnæus. Rondelet identifies it, B. xiv. c. 2, with the small fish calleddonzellaby the people of Montpellier. See c. 31, Note256.
310See B. xxx. c. 22.
310See B. xxx. c. 22.
311See B. xiv. c. 8.
311See B. xiv. c. 8.
312“Rubetæ.” See c.18of this Book; also B. viii. c. 48; B. xi. cc. 19, 76, 116, and B. xxv. c. 76.
312“Rubetæ.” See c.18of this Book; also B. viii. c. 48; B. xi. cc. 19, 76, 116, and B. xxv. c. 76.
313See B. ix. c. 72; B. xxv. c. 77, and Chapter3of this Book.
313See B. ix. c. 72; B. xxv. c. 77, and Chapter3of this Book.
314Or seal-skin. See B. viii. c. 49, and B. ix. c. 15.
314Or seal-skin. See B. viii. c. 49, and B. ix. c. 15.
315In B. xxvii. c. 33.
315In B. xxvii. c. 33.
316In B. xxvi. c. 66.
316In B. xxvi. c. 66.
317Or “sea-lungs.” See B. ix. c. 71, B. xviii. c. 5, and Chapters32,46, and52of the present Book. Ajasson remarks that this is still the common name of many kinds of Medusæ.
317Or “sea-lungs.” See B. ix. c. 71, B. xviii. c. 5, and Chapters32,46, and52of the present Book. Ajasson remarks that this is still the common name of many kinds of Medusæ.
318Our crawfish.
318Our crawfish.
319See B. ix. cc. 17, 25, 75.
319See B. ix. cc. 17, 25, 75.
320“Mituli.” See Chapter31of the present Book.
320“Mituli.” See Chapter31of the present Book.
321In B. viii. c. 49.
321In B. viii. c. 49.
322See Note314above.
322See Note314above.
323See Chapter13of the present Book.
323See Chapter13of the present Book.
324See B. ix. c. 29.
324See B. ix. c. 29.
325See B. ix. cc. 35, 76.
325See B. ix. cc. 35, 76.
326See B. ix. c. 1.
326See B. ix. c. 1.
327See B. ix. c. 28.
327See B. ix. c. 28.
328See B. ix. c. 24.
328See B. ix. c. 24.
329“Ablatis unguibus.”
329“Ablatis unguibus.”
330“Rubeta.”
330“Rubeta.”
331Our crawfish.
331Our crawfish.
332Because the nightingale sings at night, instead of sleeping.
332Because the nightingale sings at night, instead of sleeping.
333See B. ix. cc. 2, 5, 6, 7, 15.
333See B. ix. cc. 2, 5, 6, 7, 15.
334Or seal.
334Or seal.
335“Spondylus.”
335“Spondylus.”
336See Chapter29of this Book.
336See Chapter29of this Book.
337See Chapters30and31of the present Book.
337See Chapters30and31of the present Book.
338See B. xviii. c. 19.
338See B. xviii. c. 19.
339“Crebriore anhelitu.”
339“Crebriore anhelitu.”
340See B. ix. cc. 17, 25, 75.
340See B. ix. cc. 17, 25, 75.
341Or sting-ray. See B. ix. cc. 37, 40, 67, 72.
341Or sting-ray. See B. ix. cc. 37, 40, 67, 72.
342Ichthyocolla. See Chapter24of this Book.
342Ichthyocolla. See Chapter24of this Book.
343See Chapter13of this Book.
343See Chapter13of this Book.
344See B. ix. c. 30.
344See B. ix. c. 30.
345See B. ix. c. 46.
345See B. ix. c. 46.
346This seems to be the meaning of “naturâ dissidente,” if it is the correct reading. That, however, suggested by Dalechamps would seem to be preferable, “naturâ retinente,”—“it being the nature of its flesh to cling to the knife.”
346This seems to be the meaning of “naturâ dissidente,” if it is the correct reading. That, however, suggested by Dalechamps would seem to be preferable, “naturâ retinente,”—“it being the nature of its flesh to cling to the knife.”
347See Chapter24of this Book.
347See Chapter24of this Book.
348“Calami.”
348“Calami.”
349“Bloodsuckers.”
349“Bloodsuckers.”
350“Cucurbitæ medicinales.”
350“Cucurbitæ medicinales.”
351This does not appear to be considered the case at the present day.
351This does not appear to be considered the case at the present day.
352A method still employed.
352A method still employed.
353See B. x. c. 27.
353See B. x. c. 27.
354“Invehunt virus remedio verso.” The reading is probably corrupt, but the meaning is pretty evident.
354“Invehunt virus remedio verso.” The reading is probably corrupt, but the meaning is pretty evident.
355See B. xxix. c. 17, and c.47of this Book.
355See B. xxix. c. 17, and c.47of this Book.
356See B. ix. cc. 17, 25, 75.
356See B. ix. cc. 17, 25, 75.
357See B. ix. c. 17. Ajasson says that it is also found of enormous size, in the Danube and in the Theisse.
357See B. ix. c. 17. Ajasson says that it is also found of enormous size, in the Danube and in the Theisse.
358See B. xxxiv. c.33.
358See B. xxxiv. c.33.
359See B. ix. c. 42.
359See B. ix. c. 42.
360See Note356above.
360See Note356above.
361“Cunila capitata.” See B. xx. c. 65.
361“Cunila capitata.” See B. xx. c. 65.
362See B. xxxiv. c.55.
362See B. xxxiv. c.55.
363Tunny sliced and salted; see B. ix. c. 18.
363Tunny sliced and salted; see B. ix. c. 18.
364See B. xxxi. c. 44.
364See B. xxxi. c. 44.
365See B. ix. cc. 24, 32.
365See B. ix. cc. 24, 32.
366See B. ix. c. 30.
366See B. ix. c. 30.
367See B. ix. c. 67.
367See B. ix. c. 67.
368See Note359above.
368See Note359above.
369“Thymia.”
369“Thymia.”
370Ajasson thinks that the ancients knew but one kind of sea-scorpion, but in different states, the Cottus scorpius, probably, of Linnæus.
370Ajasson thinks that the ancients knew but one kind of sea-scorpion, but in different states, the Cottus scorpius, probably, of Linnæus.
371See Chapter34of this Book.
371See Chapter34of this Book.
372See Note364above.
372See Note364above.
373See Note359above.
373See Note359above.
374This fish has not been identified. It is possible, however, that it may be the same as the “glaucus” mentioned in B ix. c. 25.
374This fish has not been identified. It is possible, however, that it may be the same as the “glaucus” mentioned in B ix. c. 25.
375See Note371above.
375See Note371above.
376See B. xxvi. c. 92.
376See B. xxvi. c. 92.
377See B. ix. cc. 14, 40, 67.
377See B. ix. cc. 14, 40, 67.
378An asserted remedy, founded, as Ajasson remarks, upon nothing but a pun, the resemblance betweenδελφὶς, a “dolphin,” andδελφὺς, the “womb.”
378An asserted remedy, founded, as Ajasson remarks, upon nothing but a pun, the resemblance betweenδελφὶς, a “dolphin,” andδελφὺς, the “womb.”
379See Chapters29and39of this Book.
379See Chapters29and39of this Book.
380See B. ix. c. 42.
380See B. ix. c. 42.
381See B. xx. c. 65.
381See B. xx. c. 65.
382In other words, seal-oil.
382In other words, seal-oil.
383Or sea-lungs. See Chapter36of this Book.
383Or sea-lungs. See Chapter36of this Book.
384Or crawfish.
384Or crawfish.
385See B. ix. c. 17; also Chapter43of this Book.
385See B. ix. c. 17; also Chapter43of this Book.
386Meaning Egypt, probably; see the passages referred to in the preceding note.
386Meaning Egypt, probably; see the passages referred to in the preceding note.
387De Morb. Mulier. I. 128.
387De Morb. Mulier. I. 128.
388We would adopt the suggestion of M. Ian, and read “quinis cum,” in preference to “cum quinis;” “fire crabs with roots of lapathum and rue.”
388We would adopt the suggestion of M. Ian, and read “quinis cum,” in preference to “cum quinis;” “fire crabs with roots of lapathum and rue.”
389See B. xx. c. 85.
389See B. xx. c. 85.
390See Chapter13of the present Book.
390See Chapter13of the present Book.
391See B. xii. c. 57.
391See B. xii. c. 57.
392See B. ix. cc. 24, 48, 74, 75.
392See B. ix. cc. 24, 48, 74, 75.
393Or sting-ray. See B. ix. c. 72.
393Or sting-ray. See B. ix. c. 72.
394The callosity is here meant, Hardouin supposes, which covers the purple in the shell. See Chapter41of this Book.
394The callosity is here meant, Hardouin supposes, which covers the purple in the shell. See Chapter41of this Book.
395“Salis flore.” See B. xxxi. c. 42.
395“Salis flore.” See B. xxxi. c. 42.
396“Cedrium.” See B. xvi. c. 21, and B. xxiv. c. 11.
396“Cedrium.” See B. xvi. c. 21, and B. xxiv. c. 11.
397See end of B. xxviii.
397See end of B. xxviii.
398Or “sea-lungs.” See Chapter36of this Book.
398Or “sea-lungs.” See Chapter36of this Book.
399See B. ix. c. 67.
399See B. ix. c. 67.
400See B. ix. c. 68.
400See B. ix. c. 68.
401See Note392above.
401See Note392above.
402In Chapter24of this Book.
402In Chapter24of this Book.
403See the preceding Note.
403See the preceding Note.
404See Chapter42of this Book.
404See Chapter42of this Book.
405In the case of infants, probably.
405In the case of infants, probably.
406“Canicula.” See B. ix. cc. 11, 70.
406“Canicula.” See B. ix. cc. 11, 70.
407Or “crawfish.”
407Or “crawfish.”
408“Crebro humefacto” seems a preferable reading to “cerebro humefacto” though supported by the Bamberg MS.
408“Crebro humefacto” seems a preferable reading to “cerebro humefacto” though supported by the Bamberg MS.
409See B. xxii. c. 29, and B. xxx. c. 47.
409See B. xxii. c. 29, and B. xxx. c. 47.
410See B. ix. c. 30.
410See B. ix. c. 30.
411Identified with the “erythinus” of B. ix. c. 23, and mentioned in the next Chapter.
411Identified with the “erythinus” of B. ix. c. 23, and mentioned in the next Chapter.
412See B. ix. c. 1.
412See B. ix. c. 1.
413Or Remora. See B. ix. c. 41.
413Or Remora. See B. ix. c. 41.
414See B. viii. c. 39.
414See B. viii. c. 39.
415See Note392above.
415See Note392above.
416See B. ix. c. 23.
416See B. ix. c. 23.
417See Chapter24of this Book.
417See Chapter24of this Book.
418See B. ix. c. 1.
418See B. ix. c. 1.
419“Rubeta.” See B. viii. c. 48, B. xi. cc. 19, 76, 116, B. xxv. c. 76, and c.18of this Book.
419“Rubeta.” See B. viii. c. 48, B. xi. cc. 19, 76, 116, B. xxv. c. 76, and c.18of this Book.
420See B. xv. c. 36, and B. xx. c. 22.
420See B. xv. c. 36, and B. xx. c. 22.
421“Remedies for lassitude.” See B. xxiii. cc. 45, 80; B. xxvii. c. 13, and B. xxix. cc. 13, 37.
421“Remedies for lassitude.” See B. xxiii. cc. 45, 80; B. xxvii. c. 13, and B. xxix. cc. 13, 37.
422See B. xvi. c. 66, and B. xxiv. c. 50.
422See B. xvi. c. 66, and B. xxiv. c. 50.
423See B. xvi. c. 66, and B. xxiv. c. 50.
423See B. xvi. c. 66, and B. xxiv. c. 50.
424See B. xxiv. c. 50.
424See B. xxiv. c. 50.
425See B. ix. cc. 20, 44, 74, 78.
425See B. ix. cc. 20, 44, 74, 78.
426“Ablato priore lumine.” Hardouin justly ridicules this assertion. This ink, as Ajasson remarks, is intensely black.
426“Ablato priore lumine.” Hardouin justly ridicules this assertion. This ink, as Ajasson remarks, is intensely black.
427See B. ix. c. 71, and Chapter36of this Book.
427See B. ix. c. 71, and Chapter36of this Book.
428Thisseemsto be the meaning of “adeo ut baculum ita præluceat.”
428Thisseemsto be the meaning of “adeo ut baculum ita præluceat.”
429Some MSS. have here “164,” the Bamberg MS. and others “144.” Owing to the corrupt state of the text in many parts of this Chapter, it is impossible to say which reading is correct.
429Some MSS. have here “164,” the Bamberg MS. and others “144.” Owing to the corrupt state of the text in many parts of this Chapter, it is impossible to say which reading is correct.
430“Invenire non potuimus” seems a preferable reading to “invenire potuimus.”
430“Invenire non potuimus” seems a preferable reading to “invenire potuimus.”
431Modern Ceylon. See B. vi. cc. 23, 24, B. vii. c. 2, and B. ix. c. 54.
431Modern Ceylon. See B. vi. cc. 23, 24, B. vii. c. 2, and B. ix. c. 54.
432“Quæ nascuntur certa sunt.” A bold assertion. The various fishes now known amount to many thousands; and there are still vast numbers, no doubt, with which science has not hitherto become acquainted.
432“Quæ nascuntur certa sunt.” A bold assertion. The various fishes now known amount to many thousands; and there are still vast numbers, no doubt, with which science has not hitherto become acquainted.
433“Belluæ.”
433“Belluæ.”
434He may possibly allude to the plants mentioned in B. xiii. cc. 48, 49, 50, 51, and 52; though Hardouin seems to think it impossible to discover what he means, seeing that he is speaking of sea-monsters, beings with animal life. See also B. ix. c. 3.
434He may possibly allude to the plants mentioned in B. xiii. cc. 48, 49, 50, 51, and 52; though Hardouin seems to think it impossible to discover what he means, seeing that he is speaking of sea-monsters, beings with animal life. See also B. ix. c. 3.
435See B. ix. c. 3.
435See B. ix. c. 3.
436See B. ix. cc. 2, 5.
436See B. ix. cc. 2, 5.
437See B. ix. c. 3; probably the same as the “pristis” of B. ix. c. 2.
437See B. ix. c. 3; probably the same as the “pristis” of B. ix. c. 2.
438See B. ix. c. 4.
438See B. ix. c. 4.