Kansas, struggle for,116ff;stringent slavery laws in,117;forms issue of Repub. party's first campaign,127;Walker appointed governor of; struggle in,150ff;admitted to Union,152.Kansas-Nebraska bill,112;effects of on election (1854),115;results of,116.Kealing, H. T.,379.Keitt, Lawrence, with Brooks in assault on Sumner,122.Kellogg, William P., in government of Louisiana,341.Kemble, Fanny, describes slavery in "A Residence on a Georgia Plantation,"103ff.Kendall, Amos,72.Kentucky, attempt to establish as free State,22;refuses to consider secession, but promises to aid South if invaded,227;remains in Union,235;Lincoln tries to bind faster to Union,252;rejects13th amendment,262,276;rejects15th amendment,315;law in to prohibit co-education of races,385.Kerr, Michael C., speaker of House,346.Key, David M., Postmaster-General under Hayes,353."Kitchen Cabinet" of Gen. Grant,325.Knapp, Isaac, partner of Garrison,40."Know-nothings,"115;nominate ex-President Fillmore (1856); platform; seceders from nominate Banks,129.Ku Klux Klan,322,326,327.Lane, Joseph, nominated for Vice-President,188.Lane Seminary, trouble at, over anti-slavery movement,37.Lanier, Sidney,410.Lawrence, Kansas, founded,116;attack on,119.Leavitt, Joshua,44.Lecompton constitution framed, scouted by free State men,150;urged by Buchanan administration,151;defeated,152.LeConte, Joseph, reminiscences of slavery,49.Lee, Fitzhugh,410.Lee, Robert E. (Gen.),95,135;captures John Brown,163;opposes secession,227;chief hero of Confederacy,263;surrenders,270,354;becomes president of Washington Univ.,355.Liberator, The, founded,40.Liberia, colony estab.,22.Liberty, Washington's conception of,3.Liberty party,75ff;becomes "Free Soil" party,81.Lincoln, Abraham, views on Dred Scott decision,149;nominated for Senator, defeated,153;on endurance of Union,153;early life and characteristics of,172ff;political career begins,177;attitude of on slavery,178,181;central figure in Ills. Republican convention,179;debates with Douglas,180;Cooper Inst. address of; proves right of Congress to control slavery in the Territories; shows stand Republicans must take,182;schemes of friends for in Repub. convention (1860),190;states principles,191;nominated for President,192;elected,194;answers secessionist arguments,215;personal interest of in slavery,217;immediate results of election of,221;pronounces inaugural,231;forms cabinet, difficulties,233;sends aid to Ft. Sumter,234;issues call for militia,235;attitude of toward emancipation,249,252,253,255;tact and shrewdness of,249,256,257;in close touch with people,249;his conception of his mission,249;difficulties of administration,249,251;his detestation of slavery,250;scheme of for compensated emancipation,252;announces his power as Commander-in-chief to emancipate slaves as war measure,253;criticism of,253ff;replies to Greeley's criticisms,255;lays emancipation proclamation before cabinet,256;adopts Seward's advice, to delay promulgation of,257;reintroduces to cabinet after McClellan's victory,258;issues prelim. proclamation; embodies views on emancipation in message to Congress,259;administration of repudiated in election of 1862,261;re-elected,262,265;delivers second inaugural,266;offers amnesty to Confederates,268;invites return of seceded States; leaves reconstruction bill (1864) unsigned,269;plans of opposed in Congress,270;makes public statement of views on reconstruction,271;assassination of,271;summary of political achievements of,272.Literature, growth of Southern,380ff.Longfellow, Henry W., work of,145.Longstreet, Gen., advises acceptance of inevitable, acts with Republicans, denounced and ostracized,318.Louisiana, admitted as free State,23;secedes,226;emancipation in,260;new Constitution and State govt. in,271;provisional govt. established in,269,275;applies for admission of U. S. Senators (1864-5),270;reconstructed,310;negro votes in majority in,311;Presidential vote of contested (1876),348ff;State vote of contested,349;"carpet-bag" rule in,341ff;"Conservatives" organize opposition in, struggle over governorship in,341;cruelty and corruption in,342;Federal intervention in,343;legal limitation of suffrage in,83.Louisiana purchase,2,24.Lovejoy, Elijah P.,74.Lowell, attacks slavery and war in "Biglow Papers,"77;labors of for freedom; editsAtlantic,144;upbraids Lincoln in "Biglow Papers,"254;war poems of,265.Lundy, Benjamin, sketch of,38ff.Lynch, John R., speaker of the House,336.Lyon, Mary, founds Mt. Holyoke Seminary,362.McClellan, George B. (Gen.), leader of Conservatives, warns Lincoln not to move against slavery,255;success of against Lee,258;Democrats nominate for President.McCrary, George W., Secy. of War under Hayes,353.McEnery, John, claims governorship of Louisiana,341,342.McLean, Justice, dissents from Dred Scott decision,148.Madison, James, against strengthening slave power,11;as President,21.Mails, U. S., circulation of anti-slavery documents through,72.Marcy, William L., Secretary of State,128.Maryland, forbids importation of slaves,9;stops importation,20;elects anti-slavery members to House of Delegates,36;irregular secession convention in,227;remains in Union,235;Lincoln tries to bind faster to Union,252;rejects amendment against negro suffrage (1905),383note;rejects15th amendment,385.Mason, George, opposes strengthening of slave power,11,12.Mason, James M.,89;with Buchanan and Soulé issues Ostend manifesto,128.Massachusetts, slaves freed in,9;negroes granted suffrage in, number of negroes in, 1780; in slave trade,9;aids extreme South to prolong slave trade,13;indifferent to slave trade,20;"Know-nothings" carry election of 1854 in,115;leads North in opposing secession,229;Republicans in fail to indorse Pres. Johnson,276.May, Samuel J. (Rev.),44;conversation with Dr. Channing on anti-slavery,61ff.Mexico, war with,76ff;ends,79;proposal to annex, Calif. taken from,79.Middle States, in slave trade,9;slavery abolished in,20.Mississippi, admitted as slave State,23;considers secession (1860),221;secedes,225;emancipation in,260;gives qualified assent to13th amendment,262;provisional gov't formed in,275;delays her return to Union,310;negro voters outnumber white in,311;under martial law,316;"carpet-bag" rule in,333ff;statistics on misgovernment in,334ff;misgovt. and corruption in exaggerated,338;Democrats organize opposition and practice intimidation in,339ff;legal limitation of suffrage in,383.Missouri, bill to organize as State,23;geographical relation of to free States,24;debate on admission,24ff;Compromise,25ff;admitted as slave State,27;mobs form in struggle for Kansas,116;votes not to secede,227;remains in Union,235;Lincoln tries to bind faster to Union; Republican party breaks up in,327.Morgan, Edwin P. (ex-Gov.), supports Pres. Johnson,204.Morton, Oliver P., party leader,331;favors "Force bill" in Senate,345;Presidential candidate,346.Moses, F. J., Jr., governor of So. Carolina,332.Mott, Lucretia,56.Mount Holyoke Seminary, founded, plan for students to earn expenses fails at,362.Murphy, Edgar G., "The Present South,"388;on negro problem,408.Nashville convention, to promote interests of South,90,138.Nation, The, supports Independent Republicans,327;refuses to support Greeley,329.Nat Turner insurrection,41.Nebraska,112.Negroes (see alsoSlaves,Slavery,Education),superiority of over Indians as slaves,5;advantages and disadvantages of slavery to,5;granted suffrage in Mass. and other States,9;number of in Mass. in 1780,9;number of in other States, seeSlaves;condition of in North before the war,37;(for condition of in South, seeSlavery,Slaves);proposed college for,37;violence against in North,74;status of in America defined by Dred Scott decision,147,148;citizenship rights of declared in New York,149;U. S. army and navy opened to enlistment of,260;enlist in Union armies, martial qualities of,261;good qualities of displayed in war,263;Pres. Johnson favors qualified suffrage for,276;Henry Ward Beecher's views on suffrage for,278;education of urged by Beecher,279;South's estimate of after war,280,287;behavior of after emancipation,287;repressive laws against, following war,287,288;their misconception of freedom,289;laws governing labor of after war,290ff;law against association of whites with,290;abuse of by Southern whites,292;their necessities force them to labor,293;leaders in Georgia plead for rights of,301;suffrage for in South the central feature of Reconstruction bill,308;suffrage for favored by North,308,309;broad conception of,309;number of voters among in Southern States compared to white voters,311;many Northern States refuse suffrage to,314;unfitness of in South for suffrage, choose delegates to const. conventions,317;sudden political power of doubtful benefit to,318;as a body lack independence; affiliate with Republican party; become estranged from old masters,319;in high political offices,321,333,336;not guilty of physical violence,323;national education of neglected,325,326;manner of toward whites,338;organized resistance to voting of in South,340;intimidated at polls,352;problem of disposition of,355;views on in North and South,356;condition and needs of after war,357,358;beginnings of higher education for,358;religion of,359;Gen. Armstrong's labors in behalf of, seeArmstrong, Samuel;problem of disappears as central feature in national politics,371;polit. preponderance of in South ended,371;suffrage of practically nullified in South, but large degree of civil rights secured to,372;Southern whites undertake education of with energy and success,373;refused social equality at South, and often at North,373ff;improved social conditions, and increased numbers of,374ff;present wealth, skill, intelligence, and moral status of,375ff;development of leadership among,376ff.,379;legal limitation of suffrage of in South,382ff;practical disfranchisement of,384,388;threatened narrowing of industrial opportunities the greatest danger to,385;unfortunate social position of,386;hopes of future betterment,387;estimated amt. paid out for education of to date; better industrial education for,388;necessity for all to face the problem of; great responsibility on leaders of,392ff;present phase of problem, necessity of abolishing caste spirit,393;industrial position of,394ff;attitude of trade unions toward,385,395;dangers consequent upon exclusion from unions,396;need of higher education for,398;present polit. status of,400;attitude of toward suffrage,401;should have fair share of public offices,403;government aid in education advocated,404;growing recognition of in North,406ff;results of social ostracism on, suggested means to avoid,408.Negro Problem, The, by Booker Washington and others,379;New England (See alsoNorth,Massachusetts,)Washington's opinion of,2;slave labor unprofitable in; industries in,6;negroes granted suffrage in,9;aids extreme South in extension of slave trade,13.New England Anti-slavery Society, founded,44.New England Emigrant Aid Society, formed,116.New Hampshire, number of slaves in in 1790,9;slavery abolished in,21.New Haven, labors in for negroes,36.New Jersey, votes against extension of slave trade,13;passes emancipation law,22;counted as free State,23;declares for emancipation,35;rejects15th amendment,315.New Mexico, South demands permission of slavery in,84.New Orleans, riot in,303.New YorkEvening Post, supports Independent Republicans,327;refuses support to Greeley,329.New YorkHerald,141,164,193.New YorkTimes,141,347.New YorkTribune, influence of,140,141;against forcible repression of secession movement,228;criticises Lincoln,255;supports Independent Republicans,328;unearths Hayes-Tilden telegrams,352.New York State, number of slaves in in 1790,9;passes emancipation law,22;counted as free State,23;delegation of to "Free Soil" convention (1848),82;declares right of citizenship for negroes,149.Nicholls, Francis T., claims governorship of Louisiana,349;becomes governor,353.North, the (see alsoNew England),slavery unprofitable in,5;aids extreme South in extending slave trade,13;slavery abolished in,20;surpasses South in population and wealth; increased representation in House,24;its economic advantages over South,69ff;violence against negroes in,74;disputes with South over new territory,80;dissatisfaction in over Compromise measures of 1850; passes "Personal Liberty Laws,"91;outstrips South in industrial, literary, and religious growth, advantages of South over,94;growth of anti-slavery feeling in,113ff;best intelligence of in early Republican party,127;resents polit. aggression of South more than slavery,128;leaders of (1850-60),132;leaders of,140ff;attitude of clergy in toward slavery,141;economic conditions in compared with those of South,156;John Brown's raid intensifies conviction against slavery in,167;growing distrust of South in,169;position of on secession, etc.,200ff;underlying divergences from South in sentiment and character of,205ff;religious life in,206;inflamed against South;sources of misunderstanding,207;varied occupations in,208;secession movement causes consternation in,209;strongly inclined to peace; disbelieves in Southern courage,210;grounds for resistance of secession in; impatient of Southern political dominance,212;reasons for failure of disunion movement in,218ff;disinclination in to use force against secession movement,228;Mass. becomes leader in,229;united in resistance to secession,235;views on Civil war in,237;bitter feeling against South in,241;moral effect of war on,244;Unionism the absorbing issue in,248;party divisions in,253;growing sentiment in against slavery,254;courage of in war,262;advantages of over South,264;joy in over prospect of success,268;