A.Agricultural Wheel,34.Agriculture, farmers' revolt,31et seq.; farmer and the land,60et seq.; county demonstrators,75-77,184; Farm Loan Act,84; influence on labor,116; economic future of South in,198-199.Alabama, Conservative party in,12; Kolb in,37-38; Populist party,42; suffrage amendments,54-55; boys' corn club,79; cotton mills,97; iron industry,101; mines,102; bituminous coal,102; school fund,158 (note); Catholics in,214; repudiation of debt,227.American Tobacco Company,103.Archer, William,Through Afro-America, quoted,141.Arkansas, hill men of,6; Agricultural Wheel in,34; election (1896),44; lumbering,100; mixed schools,161; industrialism,193; migration to,194; woman suffrage,202; Catholics in,214; repudiation of debt,230-231.Atlanta (Ga.), Cotton Exposition (1881),89.Aycock, C. B., Governor of North Carolina,57.B.Badeau, General Adam, and expression "New South,"7.Baptist Church,214,215-216.Bayard, T. F., of Delaware,28.Birmingham (Ala.), steel center,101-102.Blair Bill,27.Blease, C. L., of South Carolina,122,150.Boys' and girls' clubs,76,78-81.Brothers of Freedom,34.Bryan, W. J., presidential nomination,44.Buck. S. J.,The Agrarian Crusade, cited,25 (note),44 (note).Butler, Marion, of North Carolina,43.Butler, M. C., of South Carolina,13,41.C.Calhoun, J. C., agricultural college founded on plantation of,42.Carlisle, J. G., of Kentucky,29.Carnegie Foundation and college standards,189.Carolinas, differing economic conditions,6; Scotch-Irish in,6;see alsoNorth Carolina,South Carolina.Carpetbaggers' rule overthrown,9,12.Catholic Church,214.Charleston (S. C.), party management in,39; Tillman and,40.Child labor, state restrictions,97,118; in cotton mills,109,114-115,117; Federal Child Labor Act,118.Civil service, Cleveland and,29.Civil War, blockade as reason for South's defeat,3; effect on South,196.Cleveland, Grover, election (1884),28; and the South,29."Cleveland Democracy,"40.Congregational Church,216 (note).Congress, ex-Confederate soldiers in,13,26; negroes in,20; reëlection of Senators,28; "Force Bill" (1890),48; Southern representation,200-201.Congressional Record, cited,13.Constitution, Fourteenth Amendment,22.Corn, price in South,35; as crop in South,64; boys' corn clubs,78-79.Cotton, price and production,35; favorite crop,63,197; mills,88-98,108-121,195; cottonseed products,99-100; "linters,"100; need of cotton-picking machine,197-198.Coxe, Tench,Statement of Arts and Manufactures, cited,86.Curry, Dr. J. L. M.,27,169-170.D.Daughters of the Confederacy,210.Debt,seeFinance.Delaware as Southern State,5; Grange in,32; school fund (1796),157-158 (note); foreign born in,194; surplus of wheat (1917),199; Catholics in,214; churches,214.Democratic party, at end of Reconstruction period,9; called Conservative party,11-12; and political consolidation,12; Farmers' Alliance and,36; Georgia convention (1890),37; controlling influence of,38; Populist party and,42-43,47,201; nature of,201; split in Arkansas,231.Disciples' Church,216 (note).Durham (N. C.), tobacco industry in,103.E.Education, Blair Bill,27; in South Carolina,42; Populist attitude toward,46; negro schools,57; agricultural colleges and experiment stations,75; county demonstrators,75-77,184; boys' and girls' clubs,76,78-81; General Education Board,76-77,183-184,186,189; college students,83; mills aid schools,119; progress,157et seq.; country schools,164; academies,164-165,171; colleges,165-166,187; graded schools,166; taxation for,170,172,185,186; opposition to public schools,171-172; normal schools,172; better buildings,172; small districts,173; length of school term,173,184; funds for negro,182-183; secondary schools,186; preparation for college,188; bibliography,240-241;see alsoNegroes.Education, Bureau of,Report on Negro Education,174,178.Elections, intimidation of negroes,18-19; frauds,19-20; North threatens Federal control,21; (1896),44; (1900),45-46; primaries,47,199; "Force Bill" (1890),48.Episcopal Church,215.F.Farm Loan Act,84.Farmers' Alliance,30,33.Farmers' Union of Louisiana,34.Fiction on the South, bibliography of,241-242.Field, Marshall, and Company own mills in North Carolina,95.Finance, problem in South,22; repudiation of state debts,22,227-233; economies of new state governments,24-25; platform of National Alliance and Knights of Labor on,34; subtreasury plan,34-35; merchants as bankers,61-65; crop lien,62-63; Farm Loan Act,84;see alsoTariff,Taxation.Fisk University,179.Fleming, W. L.,The Sequel of Appomattox, cited,2 (note),27 (note);Civil War and Reconstruction in Alabama, cited,227 (note).Florida, end of carpetbag rule in,9; mines,102; cigar industry,104; bonds as part of Peabody Fund,167; migration to,194; debt,227.Freedmen's Aid Societies, schools for negroes opened by,173.Freedmen's Bureau,27.French in Louisiana,6.Friends, Society of, influence in South,16.G.Garland, A. H., of Arkansas,28.General Education Board,76-77,183-184,186,189.Georgia, Democratic convention (1890),37; Populist party (1892),42; cotton mills,88,97; knitting industry,98; cottonseed oil industry,100; fertilizer industry,100; lynchings in,155; school fund (1817),158 (note); imports,195; Catholics in,214; repudiation of debt,229.Girls' canning clubs,80.Gordon, J. B.,13,37.Grady, H. W., uses expression "New South,"7-8; editor of AtlantaConstitution,223.Grange movement,29,31-33.Great War, negroes in knitting mills during,126; migration of negroes to North during,132-133; negro women in Red Cross work,149; and capital in South,196; South and,201; and nationalism,210-211.Greenback movement,25,29-30.H.Hamilton, J. G. de R.,Reconstruction in North Carolina, cited,228 (note).Hampton, Wade,13,41.Hampton Institute,174,177,178.Hookworm disease,73-74.Howard University,179.Hughes, C. E., North Carolina vote for (1916),57.I.Industries, vegetable growing,84; industrial development,86et seq.; textile,88-98,106-121,126-127; manufacture of cottonseed products,99-100; fertilizers,100; lumbering,100,123-124; iron,101; wood,101; steel,101-102; mining,102; tobacco,102-104,124-126; roller mills,104; close to raw material,194-195;see alsoAgriculture,Cotton.J.Jeanes, Anna T.,183.Jeanes Fund,183,184.K.Kelley, O. H.,31.Kellogg, W. P., Governor of Louisiana,229.Kentucky, as Southern State,5; Grange in,38; mines,102;bituminous coal,102; tobacco industry,103; free from lynchings,155; school fund,158 (note); Catholics in,214; Disciples in,216 (note).Knapp, Bradford, son of S. A.,78.Knapp, Dr. S. A.,76-77,78.Knights of Labor, meeting at St. Louis (1889),34.Kolb, R. F.,37-38.L.Labor, conditions in South,106et seq.; native,106,194; negro,106-107,126-127; in textile industry,106-121; state restrictions,118; in furniture factories,122-123; in lumber mills,123-124; contract,123-124; tobacco manufacture,124-126; organization of,127-128; recent problem,197;see alsoChild labor.Lamar, L. Q. C., of Missouri,28,29.Land, demand for restriction to settlers,34; tenant system,60et seq.,219; different plans of landholding,65-69; relation between landlord and tenant,70; white tenancy,73; tilled by owners,74-75; cultivation,81; food crops,81-82.Liquor traffic, made State monopoly,41-42; problem after Reconstruction,57-59;see alsoProhibitionLouisiana, negro majority in,10; Farmers' Union of,34; election (1892),42; election (1896),44; "grandfather clause" in constitution,51-52; lumbering,100; mines,102; tobacco industry,103; cigar industry,104; lynchings in,155; mixed schools,160-161; Catholics in,214; churches,214; repudiation of debt,229-230.Lumbering,100,123-124.Lutheran Church,216 (note).M.Mahone, General William,234.Manufactures,seeIndustries.Maryland, as Southern State,5; Grange in,32; fertilizer industry,100; manufactures,104; free from lynchings,154-155; school fund (1813),158 (note); foreign born in,193; surplus of wheat (1917),199; Catholics in,214; churches,214.Massachusetts leads in cotton products,98.Meharry Medical College,179.Methodist Church,214,215-216.Mills, R. Q., of Texas,29.Mining,102.Minnesota, manufactures,104-105.Mississippi, negro majority in,10; new constitution (1890),49; suffrage,49-50; lumbering,100; lynchings in,155; school fund,158 (note); mixed schools in,160-161; bonds as part of Peabody Fund,167; industrialism,193; foreign born in,193-194; Catholics in,214; debt,227.Missouri, not included in South,5; Grange in,32; election (1896),44; tobacco industry,103; woman suffrage,202.Missouri Compromise and sectionalism,16.Morrison, W. R.,29.Mountaineers.14-16.N.Nashville (Tenn.), Peabody Normal College,169; Meharry Medical College,179; Vanderbilt University,188.National Association for the Advancement of Colored People,Thirty Years of Lynching(1919),154 (note).National Farmers' Alliance and Coöperative Union of America,34.Negroes, suffrage,2,18-19,21,45,48,49,50-55,202-203; distribution of,10; in mountain counties,15; support Federal officials,17; sent to Congress,20; relation of races,22,129et seq.; fear of domination wanes,30; not admitted to Grange,32; politics in North Carolina,45; segregation,57; use of drugs,59; as share tenants,67; opportunity for,71; in furniture factories,122; in tobacco factories,124-125; in textile industry,126-127; personal characteristics,126-127,135; occupations,127,133-137; unorganized,127-128; increase in numbers,130-132; migration to North,132-133,156,197; farm owners,134; illiteracy,137-139,166; treatment in North,139-140; treatment in South,140et seq.; "old-time negro,"142-143; "new negro,"142,143-144; educated,144-147; and Great War,149; mulattoes,150; and lower classes of whites,150-151; lynchings,151-155; plans for solution of problem,155-156; problem in South Africa,156; education,160-163,164,171-172,173-184; criminals and dependents,204-205,220-223; bibliography,238-240.New England, mill machinery from,90; mills build Southern branches,92; Southern wages compared with,110-111.New Orleans, Exposition (1884),89; tobacco industry,103.New York, election frauds,20.Newspapers,223-224.North, negroes in,139; migration of negroes to,132-133,156,197; treatment of negroes in,139-140.North Carolina, Friends in,16; negroes sent to Congress from,20; gives up local self-government,21; Populist party,42; revolt from Democratic party,43; election (1896),44; election (1900),45; fusion government,45; suffrage,52-54; Republican opposition in,56-57; textile products (1810),86; first cotton mill (1810),88; Marshall Field and Company owns mills in,95; cotton mills,97; knitting industry,98; lumbering,100; furniture manufacture,101; minerals,102; tobacco production,103; Republican party,122; free from lynchings,155; school fund,158-159; public schools,163,184-185; school term,173; negro education,179-181; school expenditures,179-181; foreign born in,193-194; chairmanship of committees in 65th Congress,200 (note); Catholics in,214; school libraries,224; repudiation of debt,227-229.North Carolina, University of,168.
Agricultural Wheel,34.Agriculture, farmers' revolt,31et seq.; farmer and the land,60et seq.; county demonstrators,75-77,184; Farm Loan Act,84; influence on labor,116; economic future of South in,198-199.Alabama, Conservative party in,12; Kolb in,37-38; Populist party,42; suffrage amendments,54-55; boys' corn club,79; cotton mills,97; iron industry,101; mines,102; bituminous coal,102; school fund,158 (note); Catholics in,214; repudiation of debt,227.American Tobacco Company,103.Archer, William,Through Afro-America, quoted,141.Arkansas, hill men of,6; Agricultural Wheel in,34; election (1896),44; lumbering,100; mixed schools,161; industrialism,193; migration to,194; woman suffrage,202; Catholics in,214; repudiation of debt,230-231.Atlanta (Ga.), Cotton Exposition (1881),89.Aycock, C. B., Governor of North Carolina,57.
Badeau, General Adam, and expression "New South,"7.Baptist Church,214,215-216.Bayard, T. F., of Delaware,28.Birmingham (Ala.), steel center,101-102.Blair Bill,27.Blease, C. L., of South Carolina,122,150.Boys' and girls' clubs,76,78-81.Brothers of Freedom,34.Bryan, W. J., presidential nomination,44.Buck. S. J.,The Agrarian Crusade, cited,25 (note),44 (note).Butler, Marion, of North Carolina,43.Butler, M. C., of South Carolina,13,41.
Calhoun, J. C., agricultural college founded on plantation of,42.Carlisle, J. G., of Kentucky,29.Carnegie Foundation and college standards,189.Carolinas, differing economic conditions,6; Scotch-Irish in,6;see alsoNorth Carolina,South Carolina.Carpetbaggers' rule overthrown,9,12.Catholic Church,214.Charleston (S. C.), party management in,39; Tillman and,40.Child labor, state restrictions,97,118; in cotton mills,109,114-115,117; Federal Child Labor Act,118.Civil service, Cleveland and,29.Civil War, blockade as reason for South's defeat,3; effect on South,196.Cleveland, Grover, election (1884),28; and the South,29."Cleveland Democracy,"40.Congregational Church,216 (note).Congress, ex-Confederate soldiers in,13,26; negroes in,20; reëlection of Senators,28; "Force Bill" (1890),48; Southern representation,200-201.Congressional Record, cited,13.Constitution, Fourteenth Amendment,22.Corn, price in South,35; as crop in South,64; boys' corn clubs,78-79.Cotton, price and production,35; favorite crop,63,197; mills,88-98,108-121,195; cottonseed products,99-100; "linters,"100; need of cotton-picking machine,197-198.Coxe, Tench,Statement of Arts and Manufactures, cited,86.Curry, Dr. J. L. M.,27,169-170.
Daughters of the Confederacy,210.Debt,seeFinance.Delaware as Southern State,5; Grange in,32; school fund (1796),157-158 (note); foreign born in,194; surplus of wheat (1917),199; Catholics in,214; churches,214.Democratic party, at end of Reconstruction period,9; called Conservative party,11-12; and political consolidation,12; Farmers' Alliance and,36; Georgia convention (1890),37; controlling influence of,38; Populist party and,42-43,47,201; nature of,201; split in Arkansas,231.Disciples' Church,216 (note).Durham (N. C.), tobacco industry in,103.
Education, Blair Bill,27; in South Carolina,42; Populist attitude toward,46; negro schools,57; agricultural colleges and experiment stations,75; county demonstrators,75-77,184; boys' and girls' clubs,76,78-81; General Education Board,76-77,183-184,186,189; college students,83; mills aid schools,119; progress,157et seq.; country schools,164; academies,164-165,171; colleges,165-166,187; graded schools,166; taxation for,170,172,185,186; opposition to public schools,171-172; normal schools,172; better buildings,172; small districts,173; length of school term,173,184; funds for negro,182-183; secondary schools,186; preparation for college,188; bibliography,240-241;see alsoNegroes.Education, Bureau of,Report on Negro Education,174,178.Elections, intimidation of negroes,18-19; frauds,19-20; North threatens Federal control,21; (1896),44; (1900),45-46; primaries,47,199; "Force Bill" (1890),48.Episcopal Church,215.
Farm Loan Act,84.Farmers' Alliance,30,33.Farmers' Union of Louisiana,34.Fiction on the South, bibliography of,241-242.Field, Marshall, and Company own mills in North Carolina,95.Finance, problem in South,22; repudiation of state debts,22,227-233; economies of new state governments,24-25; platform of National Alliance and Knights of Labor on,34; subtreasury plan,34-35; merchants as bankers,61-65; crop lien,62-63; Farm Loan Act,84;see alsoTariff,Taxation.Fisk University,179.Fleming, W. L.,The Sequel of Appomattox, cited,2 (note),27 (note);Civil War and Reconstruction in Alabama, cited,227 (note).Florida, end of carpetbag rule in,9; mines,102; cigar industry,104; bonds as part of Peabody Fund,167; migration to,194; debt,227.Freedmen's Aid Societies, schools for negroes opened by,173.Freedmen's Bureau,27.French in Louisiana,6.Friends, Society of, influence in South,16.
Garland, A. H., of Arkansas,28.General Education Board,76-77,183-184,186,189.Georgia, Democratic convention (1890),37; Populist party (1892),42; cotton mills,88,97; knitting industry,98; cottonseed oil industry,100; fertilizer industry,100; lynchings in,155; school fund (1817),158 (note); imports,195; Catholics in,214; repudiation of debt,229.Girls' canning clubs,80.Gordon, J. B.,13,37.Grady, H. W., uses expression "New South,"7-8; editor of AtlantaConstitution,223.Grange movement,29,31-33.Great War, negroes in knitting mills during,126; migration of negroes to North during,132-133; negro women in Red Cross work,149; and capital in South,196; South and,201; and nationalism,210-211.Greenback movement,25,29-30.
Hamilton, J. G. de R.,Reconstruction in North Carolina, cited,228 (note).Hampton, Wade,13,41.Hampton Institute,174,177,178.Hookworm disease,73-74.Howard University,179.Hughes, C. E., North Carolina vote for (1916),57.
Industries, vegetable growing,84; industrial development,86et seq.; textile,88-98,106-121,126-127; manufacture of cottonseed products,99-100; fertilizers,100; lumbering,100,123-124; iron,101; wood,101; steel,101-102; mining,102; tobacco,102-104,124-126; roller mills,104; close to raw material,194-195;see alsoAgriculture,Cotton.
Jeanes, Anna T.,183.Jeanes Fund,183,184.
Kelley, O. H.,31.Kellogg, W. P., Governor of Louisiana,229.Kentucky, as Southern State,5; Grange in,38; mines,102;bituminous coal,102; tobacco industry,103; free from lynchings,155; school fund,158 (note); Catholics in,214; Disciples in,216 (note).Knapp, Bradford, son of S. A.,78.Knapp, Dr. S. A.,76-77,78.Knights of Labor, meeting at St. Louis (1889),34.Kolb, R. F.,37-38.
Labor, conditions in South,106et seq.; native,106,194; negro,106-107,126-127; in textile industry,106-121; state restrictions,118; in furniture factories,122-123; in lumber mills,123-124; contract,123-124; tobacco manufacture,124-126; organization of,127-128; recent problem,197;see alsoChild labor.Lamar, L. Q. C., of Missouri,28,29.Land, demand for restriction to settlers,34; tenant system,60et seq.,219; different plans of landholding,65-69; relation between landlord and tenant,70; white tenancy,73; tilled by owners,74-75; cultivation,81; food crops,81-82.Liquor traffic, made State monopoly,41-42; problem after Reconstruction,57-59;see alsoProhibitionLouisiana, negro majority in,10; Farmers' Union of,34; election (1892),42; election (1896),44; "grandfather clause" in constitution,51-52; lumbering,100; mines,102; tobacco industry,103; cigar industry,104; lynchings in,155; mixed schools,160-161; Catholics in,214; churches,214; repudiation of debt,229-230.Lumbering,100,123-124.Lutheran Church,216 (note).
Mahone, General William,234.Manufactures,seeIndustries.Maryland, as Southern State,5; Grange in,32; fertilizer industry,100; manufactures,104; free from lynchings,154-155; school fund (1813),158 (note); foreign born in,193; surplus of wheat (1917),199; Catholics in,214; churches,214.Massachusetts leads in cotton products,98.Meharry Medical College,179.Methodist Church,214,215-216.Mills, R. Q., of Texas,29.Mining,102.Minnesota, manufactures,104-105.Mississippi, negro majority in,10; new constitution (1890),49; suffrage,49-50; lumbering,100; lynchings in,155; school fund,158 (note); mixed schools in,160-161; bonds as part of Peabody Fund,167; industrialism,193; foreign born in,193-194; Catholics in,214; debt,227.Missouri, not included in South,5; Grange in,32; election (1896),44; tobacco industry,103; woman suffrage,202.Missouri Compromise and sectionalism,16.Morrison, W. R.,29.Mountaineers.14-16.
Nashville (Tenn.), Peabody Normal College,169; Meharry Medical College,179; Vanderbilt University,188.National Association for the Advancement of Colored People,Thirty Years of Lynching(1919),154 (note).National Farmers' Alliance and Coöperative Union of America,34.Negroes, suffrage,2,18-19,21,45,48,49,50-55,202-203; distribution of,10; in mountain counties,15; support Federal officials,17; sent to Congress,20; relation of races,22,129et seq.; fear of domination wanes,30; not admitted to Grange,32; politics in North Carolina,45; segregation,57; use of drugs,59; as share tenants,67; opportunity for,71; in furniture factories,122; in tobacco factories,124-125; in textile industry,126-127; personal characteristics,126-127,135; occupations,127,133-137; unorganized,127-128; increase in numbers,130-132; migration to North,132-133,156,197; farm owners,134; illiteracy,137-139,166; treatment in North,139-140; treatment in South,140et seq.; "old-time negro,"142-143; "new negro,"142,143-144; educated,144-147; and Great War,149; mulattoes,150; and lower classes of whites,150-151; lynchings,151-155; plans for solution of problem,155-156; problem in South Africa,156; education,160-163,164,171-172,173-184; criminals and dependents,204-205,220-223; bibliography,238-240.New England, mill machinery from,90; mills build Southern branches,92; Southern wages compared with,110-111.New Orleans, Exposition (1884),89; tobacco industry,103.New York, election frauds,20.Newspapers,223-224.North, negroes in,139; migration of negroes to,132-133,156,197; treatment of negroes in,139-140.North Carolina, Friends in,16; negroes sent to Congress from,20; gives up local self-government,21; Populist party,42; revolt from Democratic party,43; election (1896),44; election (1900),45; fusion government,45; suffrage,52-54; Republican opposition in,56-57; textile products (1810),86; first cotton mill (1810),88; Marshall Field and Company owns mills in,95; cotton mills,97; knitting industry,98; lumbering,100; furniture manufacture,101; minerals,102; tobacco production,103; Republican party,122; free from lynchings,155; school fund,158-159; public schools,163,184-185; school term,173; negro education,179-181; school expenditures,179-181; foreign born in,193-194; chairmanship of committees in 65th Congress,200 (note); Catholics in,214; school libraries,224; repudiation of debt,227-229.North Carolina, University of,168.