1Following is a translation of the title-page of this work: “General history of the discalced religious of the Order of thehermits of the great father and doctor of the Church, San Agustin, of the congregation of España and of the Indias. Volume Four. By Father Fray Pedro de San Francisco de Assis, pensioned lecturer, calificador of the Holy Office, apostolic missionary, father of the province of Aragon, ex-definitor-general, and chronicler of the said congregation. Dedicated to St. Nicholas of Tolentino. Containing three decades, extending from the year 1661 to that of 1690. Zaragoza; printed by Francisco Moreno, in the year 1756.”2A sidenote at this point in the original is as follows: ”Historia de la Provincia del Santo Rosario, volume ii, book ii, chapter xv.” The reference is of course to Baltasar de Santa Cruz’s book.3A sidenote in the original refers to volume iii of the Recollect History by Santa Theresa, Decade vii, book i, chapter iv, section vii, folio 241, nos. 507–515. The Philippine portion of this book appears in ourVol. XXXVI, pp. 113–188.4Juan Polanco (notPalanco), was a native of the Burgos mountain region, and professed in the Dominican convent of Valladolid, July 13, 1639. As he showed evident signs of a brilliantmind he was sent to the college of San Gregorio of Valladolid, after graduating from which he returned to the convent as lecturer in philosophy. Thence he went to the convent of Trianos as master of students, but later joining the Philippine mission arrived at those islands in 1658. Destined for the instruction of the Chinese he was sent to the Chinese missions as soon as he had mastered the language. His two years in China were years of continual suffering, imprisonment, and torment. Recalled, although against his will, to become procurator for his province in Madrid and Rome, and to act as definitor in the general chapter, he gave up his mission work. Always of a humble and obedient disposition, when he was ordered to return immediately to Spain on one occasion after he had just conducted a mission to Mexico, he obeyed without hesitation, but he had scarcely reached the convent at Sevilla, when he died, December 2, 1671. At the chapter held at Rome 1668, he petitioned the beatification of the Japanese martyrs. SeeReseña biográfica, ii, pp. 1–3.5A sidenote in the original at this point refers to theChronicasof San Antonio, i, book i, chapter xvii.6A sidenote of the original reads: “All this appears from Father Fray Juan Francisco de San Antonio,ut supra, book ii, chapter xviii, folio 364, and chapter xix, folio 372.”7A sidenote of the original refers to San Antonio, i, book i, chapter lv, folio 220, and chapter lvii, folio 224.8So called perhaps from the long robe probably worn by women who were allowed to take partial vows.9A sidenote at this point refers to Father Nieremberg’sOculta y curiosa philosophia, last treatise, folio 431. This book is rightly namedCuriosa y oculta filosofia, and was published in two parts in Madrid, 1643. Juan Eusebio Nieremberg was born in Madrid either in 1590 or 1595. His father was a Tyrolese, and his mother a Bavarian. Educated at the university at Salamanca, he took the Jesuit habit in the same city in 1614. He became known for his learning and ability and for fourteen years filled thechair of natural history at the royal school at Madrid, and for three years after that lectured on the scriptures. At the same time he was held in high esteem as a confessor, and was solicited by many prominent people as such. In 1642, he gave up teaching entirely because of an attack of paralysis. His death occurred at Madrid, April 7, 1658. He was the author of many works in Spanish and Latin, some of which have been translated into French and Arabic, and other languages. See Rose’sNew General Biographical Dictionary, and Hoefer’sNouvelle Biographie générale.10Sidenotes at this point in the original refer as follows: “Volume i of this History [i.e., the volume by Andrés de San Nicolas, for extract from which see ourVol. XXI], decade ii, chapter ix, folio 452; volume iii [i.e., the volume by Diego de Santa Theresa, from which appear extracts inVol. XXXVI, pp. 113–188], marginal numbers, 233, 257et seq., 530et seq., 540, 596, and 649.”11There is a a sidenote reference here in the original to Santa Cruz’sHistoria, part ii, book i, chapter xxiii.12A sidenote of the original refers here to Santa Theresa’sHistoria, marginal numbers 649 and 651.13SeeVol. XL, p. 179, note 78.14A sidenote here refers to Santa Theresa’sHistoria, no. 259 ff.15The references in the margin at this point are to San Andrés’sHistoria, folios 451, 452; Luis de Jesús’sHistoria, folios 39, 40, 44, 45, 70, 282, 284–295, and 353; Santa Theresa’sHistoria, marginal numbers 250 ff., 366 ff., 519, 522, 534, 599, 603, 615–629, 646 ff., and 740 ff.16Subhastación: literally, sale of goods at public auction.17Our author also refers in sidenotes at this place to Luis de Jesús’sHistoria, folios 45, 167 ff., 284–295, and 353; and to Santa Theresa’sHistoria, marginal numbers 328, 522, 534, 648, 741, and 1153.18A sidenote reference at this point reads: “See Volume iii of thisHistoria[i.e., Santa Theresa’s], marginal numbers 737–742.”19The reference is to volume i of the series of histories of the Recollect order, the volume by Andrés de San Nicolás, decade 2, chapter vi from folio 419.20A reference here in the original is to Santa Cruz’sHistoria, folio 499.21A sidenote refers to San Antonio’sChronicas, i, book i, chapter 39, no. 407, folio 139.22A sidenote refers at this point to Santa Theresa, nos. 239 ff., and 737 ff.23SeeVol. XL, p. 123, note 46.24Mindoro has an area of 3,851 square miles, according to the estimate of theCensus of the Philippines, i, pp. 65, 66. It has a maximum length of 100 miles and its greatest width is about 60 miles. Though represented as having two mountain ranges those who have crossed the island say that it has but one. The highest elevation of that range is Mt. Halcón, about 8,800 ft. high. Theisland has much valuable timber. The settlements are mostly confined to the coast, and are small, while some wild people live in the interior.25Of “yonote” Colin (Labor evangélica, p. 29) says: “They [i.e., the inhabitants of Mindoro] pay their tribute in yonote, which is a kind of black hemp, produced by certain palms. It is used for the larger cables of ships, which are made in the rope factory of the village of Tal.” Cf.bonote,Vol. X, p. 58; andVol. XIV, p. 257.26San Antonio, i, p. 102, notes that the island of Mindoro was formerly called Maìt. Its Chinese name was Ka-may-en (seeVol. XXXIV, p. 187, note 15).27Our author refers in a sidenote to San Agustin’sConquistas, book ii, chapter i, pp. 216, 250. The first page makes no mention of the “simplicity.”28The sidenote reference to San Antonio is to hisChronicas, volume i, p. 103.29A sidenote reference is to San Agustin’sConquistas, pp. 216, 224, 292.30SeeVol. II, p. 59, note 22.31Sidenote reference: San Agustin,ut supra, p. 292.32Sidenote reference: San Agustin, p. 250.33Sidenote references: Father Fray Marcelo de Ribadeneyra, in hisHistoria, folio 84; father Fray Juan Francisco de San Antonio in hisChronicas, volume i, folio 20.34Murillo Velarde (folio 123 verso, no. 306) records that two Jesuits were sent to Mindoro to work in the field of the seculars in 1640. Juan de Polanco, O.P., notes that about 1645 there were four or five Jesuits in Mindoro who worked among the people of the uplands (see Pastells’s edition of Colin’sLabor evangélica, iii, p. 735). San Antonio notes (i, p. 203) Jesuit residences in the jurisdiction of Mindoro.35A sidenote reference is to nos. 400, 715,ante.36Our author refers in a sidenote to San Antonio, i, p. 207.37A sidenote reference is to folio 80 of Joseph Sicardo’sChristiandad del Japon, ... Memorias sacras de los martyres de las ilustres religiones ... con especialdad, de los religiosos del orden de S. Augustin(Madrid, 1698).38A sidenote refers to Santa Theresa, no. 740 ff.39A sidenote refers to San Antonio, i, p. 207. The present total population of Mindoro (according to theCensus of the Philippinesii, p. 407) is 28,361, of which the civilized or Christian people number 21,097. The native peoples include Bicols, Ilocanos, Mangyans, Painpangans, Pangasináns, Tagálogs, Visayans, and Zambals. The wild people are all Mangyans.40Seeante, note 47. See also theCensus of the Philippines(i, pp. 472, 473, 547, 548), which says that the Mangyans are probably a mixture of Negritos with other native peoples, and possibly some slight infusion of white blood in some localities.41The reference is to I Corinthians iii, 6.42A sidenote here refers to nos. 32–38ante.43The original refers at this point to Luis de Jesús, folios 36, 42 ff.44A sidenote reference is to Santa Theresa, no. 740 ff.45A sidenote reference is to San Antonio, i, p. 215.46The present population of the island of Romblón is 9,347, all civilized. This must be differentiated from the province of Romblón, which contains a number of islands, and has a population of 52,848. The Calamianes or Culión group is located in the southwestern part of the archipelago between Mindoro and Paragua between lat. 11° 39′ and 12° 20′ N., and long. 119° 47′ and 120° 23′ E., or a sea area of 1,927 square miles. This group consists of well over 100 islands, islets, and mere rocks, many of them unnamed. The largest islands in the group are Busuanga, Calamian, and Linacapan. The population of Calamianes is given as follows for a number of years: 1876, 16,403; 1885, 21,573; 1886, 17,594; 1887, 16,016; 1888, 14,739; 1889, 16,876; 1891, 18,391; 1892, 18,053; 1893, 19,292; 1894, 18,540; 1895, 16,186; 1896, 15,620; 1897, 15,661; 1898, 14,283. While the falling off in later years may be accounted for possibly by the movements of population during the insurrectionary period, it must be assumed that the returns for the earlier years are incorrect, for they would not naturally vary so greatly from year to year. SeeU. S. Philippine Gazetteer, pp. 412–415; andCensus of the Philippines, ii, pp. 197, 198, 405; and iii, pp. 12–16.47A sidenote refers to Santa Theresa, no. 1228.48Tomás Antonio Manrique de la Cerda, conde de Paredes, marqués de la Laguna, and knight of the Order of Alcantára, took office as viceroy of Mexico, November 30, 1680. The chief events of his term were the piratical raids, chiefly by Frenchcorsairs. His residencia was taken in 1686, and about two years later he returned to Spain. See Bancroft’sMexico, iii, pp. 190–207.49The island of Masbate has an area of 1,236 square miles. It is mountainous, the mean elevation ranging from 2,000 to 2,500 feet. Its present total population is 29,451, all civilized, and the great majority Visayan. SeeCensus of the Philippines, i, p. 66, ii, pp. 30, 392, 407.50Ticao belongs to the present province of Masbate. It is very small, containing an area of only 121 square miles. In shape it is long and narrow, and not of great elevation. Its present population is 10,183. The chief known occupation is agriculture. Seeut supra, i, p. 66, ii, p. 30.51The same general description as that of Ticao fits Burías. Like that island, it also belongs to the province of Masbate. Its area is 197 square miles, and its population 1,627. Seeut supra, i, p. 66, ii, p. 30.52Sidenotes at this point refer to San Agustin’sConquistas, book ii, chapter i, p. 215; book iii, chapter xxv, pp. 515, 516, 529.53A sidenote refers to San Antonio, i, folio 219.54A sidenote reference is to Santa Theresa, no. 740 ff.55A sidenote refers tout supra, no. 739.56Miguel Poblete was archbishop of Manila from 1653 to 1668.57Bolinao is now located on the northeastern end of the Zambal Peninsula. Before being moved by the Dominicans, it must have been located on the island of Santiago or Purra, just across the channel from its present location. Its present population (seeCensus of Philippines, ii, p. 244), is 5,397.58Today located on the coast. Its present population is 6,139. SeeCensus of Philippines, ii, p. 244.59Masinloc (seeut supra) has a present population of 3,230.60Iba, now the capital of the province of Zambales, is located on a river a very short distance from the coast. Its present population is 4,482. SeeCensus of Philippines, ii., p. 244.61The modern Cabangán is located on the coast road a few miles south of Iba. Its present population (seeut supra) is 3,015.62The village of Subic is located on the northern side of the bay of the same name, and its present population (seeut supra) is 2,525. Subic Bay is one of the best natural harbors in the Philippines.63See the Dominican account of their missions among the Zambals, as given by Salazar, inVol. XLIII.64i.e., Incense, or storax. The word is spelt ”camangyian” in the Tagálog dictionary of Noceda and Sanlucar.65The port and village of San Jacinto are located on the east coast of Ticao Island toward the north. The village has a present population of 4,845. SeeCensus of the Philippines, ii, p. 232.66Mobo is an inland village in the northeastern part of Masbate, located on a river a short distance from the capital village called Masbate. Its present population is 2,657. SeeCensus of the Philippines, ii, p. 232.67Domingo Pérez was born in Santa Justa near Santander, in 1636. Entering the convent at Santillana, he professed as a Dominican there, October 14, 1659. Refusing the offer of a college education in Alcalá de Henares, he went to the Philippines, after teaching philosophy for a time at Mexico. Reaching Manila in December 1666, he taught philosophy until the following year, when he was assigned to the province of Bataán, at the convent of Oriong, which was declared independent of Abucay in that same year. Three of his five years there he acted as vicar. From Oriong he went to Samál, and thence to Abucay in 1675. Somewhat later he was sent to Balacbac, but remained there but a short time because of the complaints of the Recollects, who claimed that the Dominicans were usurping their territory. In 1677 he was appointed vicar of Abucay, where his capacity for work and his zeal were conspicuous. In 1678 he was appointed vicar of Binondoc, remaining there one year. When the Dominicans were given charge of the province of Zambales in 1679, he was made vicar of that whole district. He was conspicuous throughout the province for his efforts in destroying idol worship, and his opposition to that and all manner of vices finally ended in his murder, as relatedin the text. He died on November 15, 1683. He was the author of a relation on the customs and superstitions of the Zambals, which existed in the Dominican archives at Manila. SeeReseña biográfica, ii, pp. 34–43.68Juan Rois (Roes, Ruiz) was a Galician, and professed in the Dominican convent of Lugo, September 2, 1679. Arriving at thePhilippines that same year, he was assigned in 1680 to the house at Masinloc, and in 1682 to that at Nueva Toledo. In 1684 he was again assigned to Masinloc, and in 1686 became vicar of Paynaven and vicar-provincial of Zambales. He was sent to the Batanes Islands with Father Mateo González, in 1688, where he died that same year from the unhealthfulness of the region and his hardships. SeeReseña biográfica, ii, pp. 216, 217.69Possibly the agos-os, orFicus pungens, which is used occasionally in house construction. SeeOfficial Handbook of Philippines, p. 341; and Ahern’sImportant Philippine Woods(Forestry Bureau, Manila, 1901), p. 8.70See Salazar’sHistoria, pp. 275–313, for the Dominican account of the missions of Zambales, the incidents of Calignao, and the life of Father Domingo Pérez. Concepción evidently had before him this account in compiling his own.71Juan Peguero, O.P., was born in Estremadura, and professed in the Seville convent, November 1, 1659. After arriving in the Philippines, he was assigned to the province of Bataán, where he labored in the convents of Samal and Abucay. He was associate in Binondoc during the years 1671–1673, when he became vicar of San Juan del Monte, serving also in the latter in 1680 and 1686–1691. He was vicar of Oriong 1677–1680, and became procurator, along with his other duties, in the latter year. His death occurred at the Manila convent, May 21, 1691. He wrote a compendium of the history of the province, and a biography of Domingo Pérez, the latter of which he dated and signed on February 1, 1691, and which was conserved in the Dominican convent at Manila. One of his works was to construct an aqueduct from the Pasig for the better water-supply of Manila, but an earthquake totally destroyed his work. SeeReseña biográfica, ii, pp. 81, 82.72Doubtless theRecopilación de las Leyes de los Reynos de las Indias, first published at Madrid, 1681.73Traslado: The reference or act of delivering written judicial proceedings to the other party, in order that on examination of them he may prepare his answer. Appleton’sNew Velázquez Dictionary.74Raimundo Berart, O.P., was a native of Cataluña, and professed in the convent of Santa Catalina Virgén y Martir, in Barcelona, at that time being doctor in both laws at the university of Lérida. He arrived at Manila at the age of twenty-eight, in the year 1679. He speedily became associate to the archbishop, Felipe Pardo, in whose defense he wrote severalmanifestoswhich remain in MS. In 1681 the ecclesiastical cabildo asked that the archbishop give him up, and probably in answer to that demand, he was assigned to the convent of Abucay in the province of Bataán. In 1684 he became vicar of that convent, and in 1686 he was appointed rector and chancellor of the college of Santo Tomás in Manila. He left the islands before July 13, 1689, and from that time until 1696 was in charge of the hospitium in Mexico. In 1696 he was sent to Spain as definitor in general chapter, and died in that country in 1713. SeeReseña biográfica, ii, pp. 195–206.75This date cannot be reconciled with the dates that follow. It may be an error for 1685.76Domingo de Escalera was a native of Andalucia, and professed in the Dominican order at Madrid, September 10, 1665. He was a deacon at his arrival at the Philippines. He was firstassigned to the house of San Gabriel in Binondo; became vicar of Sámal in the province of Bataán in 1680, and in 1682 of Abucay, after which he was again at Binondo. During the years 1686–1690, he was procurator-general, and during part of that time (1686–1688), had charge of the natives in the Manila convent. In 1690 he was definitor and acted as vicar again of Binondo, where he remained until 1698, when he became president of the college of San Juan de Letrán. He was appointed president of the hospital of San Gabriel, and procurator-general of the province. Although assigned as vicar of the convent of San Telmo in Cavite in 1702, he resigned that office in November of that same year, and went to the mission at Ituy. His death occurred on the nineteenth of the following month, and resulted from the unhealthful region. During the year spent among the mountains of Zambales, he formed the village of Malso. SeeReseña biográfica, ii, pp. 169, 170.77Pedro Mejorada, O.P., professed in the convent at Salamanca, and on going to the Philippines was assigned to the Tagálog district. He ministered four years in Binondo, then the same period in Sámal, in the province of Bataán. In 1694, he was assigned as lecturer on theology at the college of Santo Tomás in Manila, where he remained for four years. The following eight years were spent in Abucay and Oriong. In the year 1702 he received the title of calificador of the Holy Office, and in 1706 was appointed rector and chancellor of the university, which position he filled until 1710, when he was elected provincial of the order. On the termination of that office in 1714, he was elected regent of studies in the college of Santo Tomás. In November of that same year, however, he resigned in order to return to his convent at Salamanca, arriving in Madrid in 1716. Although lie was elected prior of the Salamanca convent, he wasnot to be allowed to enjoy that position, for a royal appointment as bishop of Nueva Segovia caused him, howbeit unwillingly, to return to the Philippines. Entering those islands once more in 1718, he assumed the duties of his office, but died in Vigan in June of the following year in the sixty-third year of his age, and after a residence in the islands of thirty-one years. SeeReseña biográfica, ii, pp. 230–234.78Domingo Collantes, the author of the fourth part of the Dominican history of the Philippines, was a native of Villa de Herrin de Campos, in the bishopric of Palencia. He professed in the convent at Valladolid, in 1764, and arrived in Manila, July 8, 1769. He held several conventual posts in his order there, among them that of provincial. The bishopric of Nueva Cáceres was later given to him. His death occurred in Manila in 1808 at the age of sixty. See Pardo de Tavera’sBiblioteca filipina, p. 107.
1Following is a translation of the title-page of this work: “General history of the discalced religious of the Order of thehermits of the great father and doctor of the Church, San Agustin, of the congregation of España and of the Indias. Volume Four. By Father Fray Pedro de San Francisco de Assis, pensioned lecturer, calificador of the Holy Office, apostolic missionary, father of the province of Aragon, ex-definitor-general, and chronicler of the said congregation. Dedicated to St. Nicholas of Tolentino. Containing three decades, extending from the year 1661 to that of 1690. Zaragoza; printed by Francisco Moreno, in the year 1756.”2A sidenote at this point in the original is as follows: ”Historia de la Provincia del Santo Rosario, volume ii, book ii, chapter xv.” The reference is of course to Baltasar de Santa Cruz’s book.3A sidenote in the original refers to volume iii of the Recollect History by Santa Theresa, Decade vii, book i, chapter iv, section vii, folio 241, nos. 507–515. The Philippine portion of this book appears in ourVol. XXXVI, pp. 113–188.4Juan Polanco (notPalanco), was a native of the Burgos mountain region, and professed in the Dominican convent of Valladolid, July 13, 1639. As he showed evident signs of a brilliantmind he was sent to the college of San Gregorio of Valladolid, after graduating from which he returned to the convent as lecturer in philosophy. Thence he went to the convent of Trianos as master of students, but later joining the Philippine mission arrived at those islands in 1658. Destined for the instruction of the Chinese he was sent to the Chinese missions as soon as he had mastered the language. His two years in China were years of continual suffering, imprisonment, and torment. Recalled, although against his will, to become procurator for his province in Madrid and Rome, and to act as definitor in the general chapter, he gave up his mission work. Always of a humble and obedient disposition, when he was ordered to return immediately to Spain on one occasion after he had just conducted a mission to Mexico, he obeyed without hesitation, but he had scarcely reached the convent at Sevilla, when he died, December 2, 1671. At the chapter held at Rome 1668, he petitioned the beatification of the Japanese martyrs. SeeReseña biográfica, ii, pp. 1–3.5A sidenote in the original at this point refers to theChronicasof San Antonio, i, book i, chapter xvii.6A sidenote of the original reads: “All this appears from Father Fray Juan Francisco de San Antonio,ut supra, book ii, chapter xviii, folio 364, and chapter xix, folio 372.”7A sidenote of the original refers to San Antonio, i, book i, chapter lv, folio 220, and chapter lvii, folio 224.8So called perhaps from the long robe probably worn by women who were allowed to take partial vows.9A sidenote at this point refers to Father Nieremberg’sOculta y curiosa philosophia, last treatise, folio 431. This book is rightly namedCuriosa y oculta filosofia, and was published in two parts in Madrid, 1643. Juan Eusebio Nieremberg was born in Madrid either in 1590 or 1595. His father was a Tyrolese, and his mother a Bavarian. Educated at the university at Salamanca, he took the Jesuit habit in the same city in 1614. He became known for his learning and ability and for fourteen years filled thechair of natural history at the royal school at Madrid, and for three years after that lectured on the scriptures. At the same time he was held in high esteem as a confessor, and was solicited by many prominent people as such. In 1642, he gave up teaching entirely because of an attack of paralysis. His death occurred at Madrid, April 7, 1658. He was the author of many works in Spanish and Latin, some of which have been translated into French and Arabic, and other languages. See Rose’sNew General Biographical Dictionary, and Hoefer’sNouvelle Biographie générale.10Sidenotes at this point in the original refer as follows: “Volume i of this History [i.e., the volume by Andrés de San Nicolas, for extract from which see ourVol. XXI], decade ii, chapter ix, folio 452; volume iii [i.e., the volume by Diego de Santa Theresa, from which appear extracts inVol. XXXVI, pp. 113–188], marginal numbers, 233, 257et seq., 530et seq., 540, 596, and 649.”11There is a a sidenote reference here in the original to Santa Cruz’sHistoria, part ii, book i, chapter xxiii.12A sidenote of the original refers here to Santa Theresa’sHistoria, marginal numbers 649 and 651.13SeeVol. XL, p. 179, note 78.14A sidenote here refers to Santa Theresa’sHistoria, no. 259 ff.15The references in the margin at this point are to San Andrés’sHistoria, folios 451, 452; Luis de Jesús’sHistoria, folios 39, 40, 44, 45, 70, 282, 284–295, and 353; Santa Theresa’sHistoria, marginal numbers 250 ff., 366 ff., 519, 522, 534, 599, 603, 615–629, 646 ff., and 740 ff.16Subhastación: literally, sale of goods at public auction.17Our author also refers in sidenotes at this place to Luis de Jesús’sHistoria, folios 45, 167 ff., 284–295, and 353; and to Santa Theresa’sHistoria, marginal numbers 328, 522, 534, 648, 741, and 1153.18A sidenote reference at this point reads: “See Volume iii of thisHistoria[i.e., Santa Theresa’s], marginal numbers 737–742.”19The reference is to volume i of the series of histories of the Recollect order, the volume by Andrés de San Nicolás, decade 2, chapter vi from folio 419.20A reference here in the original is to Santa Cruz’sHistoria, folio 499.21A sidenote refers to San Antonio’sChronicas, i, book i, chapter 39, no. 407, folio 139.22A sidenote refers at this point to Santa Theresa, nos. 239 ff., and 737 ff.23SeeVol. XL, p. 123, note 46.24Mindoro has an area of 3,851 square miles, according to the estimate of theCensus of the Philippines, i, pp. 65, 66. It has a maximum length of 100 miles and its greatest width is about 60 miles. Though represented as having two mountain ranges those who have crossed the island say that it has but one. The highest elevation of that range is Mt. Halcón, about 8,800 ft. high. Theisland has much valuable timber. The settlements are mostly confined to the coast, and are small, while some wild people live in the interior.25Of “yonote” Colin (Labor evangélica, p. 29) says: “They [i.e., the inhabitants of Mindoro] pay their tribute in yonote, which is a kind of black hemp, produced by certain palms. It is used for the larger cables of ships, which are made in the rope factory of the village of Tal.” Cf.bonote,Vol. X, p. 58; andVol. XIV, p. 257.26San Antonio, i, p. 102, notes that the island of Mindoro was formerly called Maìt. Its Chinese name was Ka-may-en (seeVol. XXXIV, p. 187, note 15).27Our author refers in a sidenote to San Agustin’sConquistas, book ii, chapter i, pp. 216, 250. The first page makes no mention of the “simplicity.”28The sidenote reference to San Antonio is to hisChronicas, volume i, p. 103.29A sidenote reference is to San Agustin’sConquistas, pp. 216, 224, 292.30SeeVol. II, p. 59, note 22.31Sidenote reference: San Agustin,ut supra, p. 292.32Sidenote reference: San Agustin, p. 250.33Sidenote references: Father Fray Marcelo de Ribadeneyra, in hisHistoria, folio 84; father Fray Juan Francisco de San Antonio in hisChronicas, volume i, folio 20.34Murillo Velarde (folio 123 verso, no. 306) records that two Jesuits were sent to Mindoro to work in the field of the seculars in 1640. Juan de Polanco, O.P., notes that about 1645 there were four or five Jesuits in Mindoro who worked among the people of the uplands (see Pastells’s edition of Colin’sLabor evangélica, iii, p. 735). San Antonio notes (i, p. 203) Jesuit residences in the jurisdiction of Mindoro.35A sidenote reference is to nos. 400, 715,ante.36Our author refers in a sidenote to San Antonio, i, p. 207.37A sidenote reference is to folio 80 of Joseph Sicardo’sChristiandad del Japon, ... Memorias sacras de los martyres de las ilustres religiones ... con especialdad, de los religiosos del orden de S. Augustin(Madrid, 1698).38A sidenote refers to Santa Theresa, no. 740 ff.39A sidenote refers to San Antonio, i, p. 207. The present total population of Mindoro (according to theCensus of the Philippinesii, p. 407) is 28,361, of which the civilized or Christian people number 21,097. The native peoples include Bicols, Ilocanos, Mangyans, Painpangans, Pangasináns, Tagálogs, Visayans, and Zambals. The wild people are all Mangyans.40Seeante, note 47. See also theCensus of the Philippines(i, pp. 472, 473, 547, 548), which says that the Mangyans are probably a mixture of Negritos with other native peoples, and possibly some slight infusion of white blood in some localities.41The reference is to I Corinthians iii, 6.42A sidenote here refers to nos. 32–38ante.43The original refers at this point to Luis de Jesús, folios 36, 42 ff.44A sidenote reference is to Santa Theresa, no. 740 ff.45A sidenote reference is to San Antonio, i, p. 215.46The present population of the island of Romblón is 9,347, all civilized. This must be differentiated from the province of Romblón, which contains a number of islands, and has a population of 52,848. The Calamianes or Culión group is located in the southwestern part of the archipelago between Mindoro and Paragua between lat. 11° 39′ and 12° 20′ N., and long. 119° 47′ and 120° 23′ E., or a sea area of 1,927 square miles. This group consists of well over 100 islands, islets, and mere rocks, many of them unnamed. The largest islands in the group are Busuanga, Calamian, and Linacapan. The population of Calamianes is given as follows for a number of years: 1876, 16,403; 1885, 21,573; 1886, 17,594; 1887, 16,016; 1888, 14,739; 1889, 16,876; 1891, 18,391; 1892, 18,053; 1893, 19,292; 1894, 18,540; 1895, 16,186; 1896, 15,620; 1897, 15,661; 1898, 14,283. While the falling off in later years may be accounted for possibly by the movements of population during the insurrectionary period, it must be assumed that the returns for the earlier years are incorrect, for they would not naturally vary so greatly from year to year. SeeU. S. Philippine Gazetteer, pp. 412–415; andCensus of the Philippines, ii, pp. 197, 198, 405; and iii, pp. 12–16.47A sidenote refers to Santa Theresa, no. 1228.48Tomás Antonio Manrique de la Cerda, conde de Paredes, marqués de la Laguna, and knight of the Order of Alcantára, took office as viceroy of Mexico, November 30, 1680. The chief events of his term were the piratical raids, chiefly by Frenchcorsairs. His residencia was taken in 1686, and about two years later he returned to Spain. See Bancroft’sMexico, iii, pp. 190–207.49The island of Masbate has an area of 1,236 square miles. It is mountainous, the mean elevation ranging from 2,000 to 2,500 feet. Its present total population is 29,451, all civilized, and the great majority Visayan. SeeCensus of the Philippines, i, p. 66, ii, pp. 30, 392, 407.50Ticao belongs to the present province of Masbate. It is very small, containing an area of only 121 square miles. In shape it is long and narrow, and not of great elevation. Its present population is 10,183. The chief known occupation is agriculture. Seeut supra, i, p. 66, ii, p. 30.51The same general description as that of Ticao fits Burías. Like that island, it also belongs to the province of Masbate. Its area is 197 square miles, and its population 1,627. Seeut supra, i, p. 66, ii, p. 30.52Sidenotes at this point refer to San Agustin’sConquistas, book ii, chapter i, p. 215; book iii, chapter xxv, pp. 515, 516, 529.53A sidenote refers to San Antonio, i, folio 219.54A sidenote reference is to Santa Theresa, no. 740 ff.55A sidenote refers tout supra, no. 739.56Miguel Poblete was archbishop of Manila from 1653 to 1668.57Bolinao is now located on the northeastern end of the Zambal Peninsula. Before being moved by the Dominicans, it must have been located on the island of Santiago or Purra, just across the channel from its present location. Its present population (seeCensus of Philippines, ii, p. 244), is 5,397.58Today located on the coast. Its present population is 6,139. SeeCensus of Philippines, ii, p. 244.59Masinloc (seeut supra) has a present population of 3,230.60Iba, now the capital of the province of Zambales, is located on a river a very short distance from the coast. Its present population is 4,482. SeeCensus of Philippines, ii., p. 244.61The modern Cabangán is located on the coast road a few miles south of Iba. Its present population (seeut supra) is 3,015.62The village of Subic is located on the northern side of the bay of the same name, and its present population (seeut supra) is 2,525. Subic Bay is one of the best natural harbors in the Philippines.63See the Dominican account of their missions among the Zambals, as given by Salazar, inVol. XLIII.64i.e., Incense, or storax. The word is spelt ”camangyian” in the Tagálog dictionary of Noceda and Sanlucar.65The port and village of San Jacinto are located on the east coast of Ticao Island toward the north. The village has a present population of 4,845. SeeCensus of the Philippines, ii, p. 232.66Mobo is an inland village in the northeastern part of Masbate, located on a river a short distance from the capital village called Masbate. Its present population is 2,657. SeeCensus of the Philippines, ii, p. 232.67Domingo Pérez was born in Santa Justa near Santander, in 1636. Entering the convent at Santillana, he professed as a Dominican there, October 14, 1659. Refusing the offer of a college education in Alcalá de Henares, he went to the Philippines, after teaching philosophy for a time at Mexico. Reaching Manila in December 1666, he taught philosophy until the following year, when he was assigned to the province of Bataán, at the convent of Oriong, which was declared independent of Abucay in that same year. Three of his five years there he acted as vicar. From Oriong he went to Samál, and thence to Abucay in 1675. Somewhat later he was sent to Balacbac, but remained there but a short time because of the complaints of the Recollects, who claimed that the Dominicans were usurping their territory. In 1677 he was appointed vicar of Abucay, where his capacity for work and his zeal were conspicuous. In 1678 he was appointed vicar of Binondoc, remaining there one year. When the Dominicans were given charge of the province of Zambales in 1679, he was made vicar of that whole district. He was conspicuous throughout the province for his efforts in destroying idol worship, and his opposition to that and all manner of vices finally ended in his murder, as relatedin the text. He died on November 15, 1683. He was the author of a relation on the customs and superstitions of the Zambals, which existed in the Dominican archives at Manila. SeeReseña biográfica, ii, pp. 34–43.68Juan Rois (Roes, Ruiz) was a Galician, and professed in the Dominican convent of Lugo, September 2, 1679. Arriving at thePhilippines that same year, he was assigned in 1680 to the house at Masinloc, and in 1682 to that at Nueva Toledo. In 1684 he was again assigned to Masinloc, and in 1686 became vicar of Paynaven and vicar-provincial of Zambales. He was sent to the Batanes Islands with Father Mateo González, in 1688, where he died that same year from the unhealthfulness of the region and his hardships. SeeReseña biográfica, ii, pp. 216, 217.69Possibly the agos-os, orFicus pungens, which is used occasionally in house construction. SeeOfficial Handbook of Philippines, p. 341; and Ahern’sImportant Philippine Woods(Forestry Bureau, Manila, 1901), p. 8.70See Salazar’sHistoria, pp. 275–313, for the Dominican account of the missions of Zambales, the incidents of Calignao, and the life of Father Domingo Pérez. Concepción evidently had before him this account in compiling his own.71Juan Peguero, O.P., was born in Estremadura, and professed in the Seville convent, November 1, 1659. After arriving in the Philippines, he was assigned to the province of Bataán, where he labored in the convents of Samal and Abucay. He was associate in Binondoc during the years 1671–1673, when he became vicar of San Juan del Monte, serving also in the latter in 1680 and 1686–1691. He was vicar of Oriong 1677–1680, and became procurator, along with his other duties, in the latter year. His death occurred at the Manila convent, May 21, 1691. He wrote a compendium of the history of the province, and a biography of Domingo Pérez, the latter of which he dated and signed on February 1, 1691, and which was conserved in the Dominican convent at Manila. One of his works was to construct an aqueduct from the Pasig for the better water-supply of Manila, but an earthquake totally destroyed his work. SeeReseña biográfica, ii, pp. 81, 82.72Doubtless theRecopilación de las Leyes de los Reynos de las Indias, first published at Madrid, 1681.73Traslado: The reference or act of delivering written judicial proceedings to the other party, in order that on examination of them he may prepare his answer. Appleton’sNew Velázquez Dictionary.74Raimundo Berart, O.P., was a native of Cataluña, and professed in the convent of Santa Catalina Virgén y Martir, in Barcelona, at that time being doctor in both laws at the university of Lérida. He arrived at Manila at the age of twenty-eight, in the year 1679. He speedily became associate to the archbishop, Felipe Pardo, in whose defense he wrote severalmanifestoswhich remain in MS. In 1681 the ecclesiastical cabildo asked that the archbishop give him up, and probably in answer to that demand, he was assigned to the convent of Abucay in the province of Bataán. In 1684 he became vicar of that convent, and in 1686 he was appointed rector and chancellor of the college of Santo Tomás in Manila. He left the islands before July 13, 1689, and from that time until 1696 was in charge of the hospitium in Mexico. In 1696 he was sent to Spain as definitor in general chapter, and died in that country in 1713. SeeReseña biográfica, ii, pp. 195–206.75This date cannot be reconciled with the dates that follow. It may be an error for 1685.76Domingo de Escalera was a native of Andalucia, and professed in the Dominican order at Madrid, September 10, 1665. He was a deacon at his arrival at the Philippines. He was firstassigned to the house of San Gabriel in Binondo; became vicar of Sámal in the province of Bataán in 1680, and in 1682 of Abucay, after which he was again at Binondo. During the years 1686–1690, he was procurator-general, and during part of that time (1686–1688), had charge of the natives in the Manila convent. In 1690 he was definitor and acted as vicar again of Binondo, where he remained until 1698, when he became president of the college of San Juan de Letrán. He was appointed president of the hospital of San Gabriel, and procurator-general of the province. Although assigned as vicar of the convent of San Telmo in Cavite in 1702, he resigned that office in November of that same year, and went to the mission at Ituy. His death occurred on the nineteenth of the following month, and resulted from the unhealthful region. During the year spent among the mountains of Zambales, he formed the village of Malso. SeeReseña biográfica, ii, pp. 169, 170.77Pedro Mejorada, O.P., professed in the convent at Salamanca, and on going to the Philippines was assigned to the Tagálog district. He ministered four years in Binondo, then the same period in Sámal, in the province of Bataán. In 1694, he was assigned as lecturer on theology at the college of Santo Tomás in Manila, where he remained for four years. The following eight years were spent in Abucay and Oriong. In the year 1702 he received the title of calificador of the Holy Office, and in 1706 was appointed rector and chancellor of the university, which position he filled until 1710, when he was elected provincial of the order. On the termination of that office in 1714, he was elected regent of studies in the college of Santo Tomás. In November of that same year, however, he resigned in order to return to his convent at Salamanca, arriving in Madrid in 1716. Although lie was elected prior of the Salamanca convent, he wasnot to be allowed to enjoy that position, for a royal appointment as bishop of Nueva Segovia caused him, howbeit unwillingly, to return to the Philippines. Entering those islands once more in 1718, he assumed the duties of his office, but died in Vigan in June of the following year in the sixty-third year of his age, and after a residence in the islands of thirty-one years. SeeReseña biográfica, ii, pp. 230–234.78Domingo Collantes, the author of the fourth part of the Dominican history of the Philippines, was a native of Villa de Herrin de Campos, in the bishopric of Palencia. He professed in the convent at Valladolid, in 1764, and arrived in Manila, July 8, 1769. He held several conventual posts in his order there, among them that of provincial. The bishopric of Nueva Cáceres was later given to him. His death occurred in Manila in 1808 at the age of sixty. See Pardo de Tavera’sBiblioteca filipina, p. 107.
1Following is a translation of the title-page of this work: “General history of the discalced religious of the Order of thehermits of the great father and doctor of the Church, San Agustin, of the congregation of España and of the Indias. Volume Four. By Father Fray Pedro de San Francisco de Assis, pensioned lecturer, calificador of the Holy Office, apostolic missionary, father of the province of Aragon, ex-definitor-general, and chronicler of the said congregation. Dedicated to St. Nicholas of Tolentino. Containing three decades, extending from the year 1661 to that of 1690. Zaragoza; printed by Francisco Moreno, in the year 1756.”2A sidenote at this point in the original is as follows: ”Historia de la Provincia del Santo Rosario, volume ii, book ii, chapter xv.” The reference is of course to Baltasar de Santa Cruz’s book.3A sidenote in the original refers to volume iii of the Recollect History by Santa Theresa, Decade vii, book i, chapter iv, section vii, folio 241, nos. 507–515. The Philippine portion of this book appears in ourVol. XXXVI, pp. 113–188.4Juan Polanco (notPalanco), was a native of the Burgos mountain region, and professed in the Dominican convent of Valladolid, July 13, 1639. As he showed evident signs of a brilliantmind he was sent to the college of San Gregorio of Valladolid, after graduating from which he returned to the convent as lecturer in philosophy. Thence he went to the convent of Trianos as master of students, but later joining the Philippine mission arrived at those islands in 1658. Destined for the instruction of the Chinese he was sent to the Chinese missions as soon as he had mastered the language. His two years in China were years of continual suffering, imprisonment, and torment. Recalled, although against his will, to become procurator for his province in Madrid and Rome, and to act as definitor in the general chapter, he gave up his mission work. Always of a humble and obedient disposition, when he was ordered to return immediately to Spain on one occasion after he had just conducted a mission to Mexico, he obeyed without hesitation, but he had scarcely reached the convent at Sevilla, when he died, December 2, 1671. At the chapter held at Rome 1668, he petitioned the beatification of the Japanese martyrs. SeeReseña biográfica, ii, pp. 1–3.5A sidenote in the original at this point refers to theChronicasof San Antonio, i, book i, chapter xvii.6A sidenote of the original reads: “All this appears from Father Fray Juan Francisco de San Antonio,ut supra, book ii, chapter xviii, folio 364, and chapter xix, folio 372.”7A sidenote of the original refers to San Antonio, i, book i, chapter lv, folio 220, and chapter lvii, folio 224.8So called perhaps from the long robe probably worn by women who were allowed to take partial vows.9A sidenote at this point refers to Father Nieremberg’sOculta y curiosa philosophia, last treatise, folio 431. This book is rightly namedCuriosa y oculta filosofia, and was published in two parts in Madrid, 1643. Juan Eusebio Nieremberg was born in Madrid either in 1590 or 1595. His father was a Tyrolese, and his mother a Bavarian. Educated at the university at Salamanca, he took the Jesuit habit in the same city in 1614. He became known for his learning and ability and for fourteen years filled thechair of natural history at the royal school at Madrid, and for three years after that lectured on the scriptures. At the same time he was held in high esteem as a confessor, and was solicited by many prominent people as such. In 1642, he gave up teaching entirely because of an attack of paralysis. His death occurred at Madrid, April 7, 1658. He was the author of many works in Spanish and Latin, some of which have been translated into French and Arabic, and other languages. See Rose’sNew General Biographical Dictionary, and Hoefer’sNouvelle Biographie générale.10Sidenotes at this point in the original refer as follows: “Volume i of this History [i.e., the volume by Andrés de San Nicolas, for extract from which see ourVol. XXI], decade ii, chapter ix, folio 452; volume iii [i.e., the volume by Diego de Santa Theresa, from which appear extracts inVol. XXXVI, pp. 113–188], marginal numbers, 233, 257et seq., 530et seq., 540, 596, and 649.”11There is a a sidenote reference here in the original to Santa Cruz’sHistoria, part ii, book i, chapter xxiii.12A sidenote of the original refers here to Santa Theresa’sHistoria, marginal numbers 649 and 651.13SeeVol. XL, p. 179, note 78.14A sidenote here refers to Santa Theresa’sHistoria, no. 259 ff.15The references in the margin at this point are to San Andrés’sHistoria, folios 451, 452; Luis de Jesús’sHistoria, folios 39, 40, 44, 45, 70, 282, 284–295, and 353; Santa Theresa’sHistoria, marginal numbers 250 ff., 366 ff., 519, 522, 534, 599, 603, 615–629, 646 ff., and 740 ff.16Subhastación: literally, sale of goods at public auction.17Our author also refers in sidenotes at this place to Luis de Jesús’sHistoria, folios 45, 167 ff., 284–295, and 353; and to Santa Theresa’sHistoria, marginal numbers 328, 522, 534, 648, 741, and 1153.18A sidenote reference at this point reads: “See Volume iii of thisHistoria[i.e., Santa Theresa’s], marginal numbers 737–742.”19The reference is to volume i of the series of histories of the Recollect order, the volume by Andrés de San Nicolás, decade 2, chapter vi from folio 419.20A reference here in the original is to Santa Cruz’sHistoria, folio 499.21A sidenote refers to San Antonio’sChronicas, i, book i, chapter 39, no. 407, folio 139.22A sidenote refers at this point to Santa Theresa, nos. 239 ff., and 737 ff.23SeeVol. XL, p. 123, note 46.24Mindoro has an area of 3,851 square miles, according to the estimate of theCensus of the Philippines, i, pp. 65, 66. It has a maximum length of 100 miles and its greatest width is about 60 miles. Though represented as having two mountain ranges those who have crossed the island say that it has but one. The highest elevation of that range is Mt. Halcón, about 8,800 ft. high. Theisland has much valuable timber. The settlements are mostly confined to the coast, and are small, while some wild people live in the interior.25Of “yonote” Colin (Labor evangélica, p. 29) says: “They [i.e., the inhabitants of Mindoro] pay their tribute in yonote, which is a kind of black hemp, produced by certain palms. It is used for the larger cables of ships, which are made in the rope factory of the village of Tal.” Cf.bonote,Vol. X, p. 58; andVol. XIV, p. 257.26San Antonio, i, p. 102, notes that the island of Mindoro was formerly called Maìt. Its Chinese name was Ka-may-en (seeVol. XXXIV, p. 187, note 15).27Our author refers in a sidenote to San Agustin’sConquistas, book ii, chapter i, pp. 216, 250. The first page makes no mention of the “simplicity.”28The sidenote reference to San Antonio is to hisChronicas, volume i, p. 103.29A sidenote reference is to San Agustin’sConquistas, pp. 216, 224, 292.30SeeVol. II, p. 59, note 22.31Sidenote reference: San Agustin,ut supra, p. 292.32Sidenote reference: San Agustin, p. 250.33Sidenote references: Father Fray Marcelo de Ribadeneyra, in hisHistoria, folio 84; father Fray Juan Francisco de San Antonio in hisChronicas, volume i, folio 20.34Murillo Velarde (folio 123 verso, no. 306) records that two Jesuits were sent to Mindoro to work in the field of the seculars in 1640. Juan de Polanco, O.P., notes that about 1645 there were four or five Jesuits in Mindoro who worked among the people of the uplands (see Pastells’s edition of Colin’sLabor evangélica, iii, p. 735). San Antonio notes (i, p. 203) Jesuit residences in the jurisdiction of Mindoro.35A sidenote reference is to nos. 400, 715,ante.36Our author refers in a sidenote to San Antonio, i, p. 207.37A sidenote reference is to folio 80 of Joseph Sicardo’sChristiandad del Japon, ... Memorias sacras de los martyres de las ilustres religiones ... con especialdad, de los religiosos del orden de S. Augustin(Madrid, 1698).38A sidenote refers to Santa Theresa, no. 740 ff.39A sidenote refers to San Antonio, i, p. 207. The present total population of Mindoro (according to theCensus of the Philippinesii, p. 407) is 28,361, of which the civilized or Christian people number 21,097. The native peoples include Bicols, Ilocanos, Mangyans, Painpangans, Pangasináns, Tagálogs, Visayans, and Zambals. The wild people are all Mangyans.40Seeante, note 47. See also theCensus of the Philippines(i, pp. 472, 473, 547, 548), which says that the Mangyans are probably a mixture of Negritos with other native peoples, and possibly some slight infusion of white blood in some localities.41The reference is to I Corinthians iii, 6.42A sidenote here refers to nos. 32–38ante.43The original refers at this point to Luis de Jesús, folios 36, 42 ff.44A sidenote reference is to Santa Theresa, no. 740 ff.45A sidenote reference is to San Antonio, i, p. 215.46The present population of the island of Romblón is 9,347, all civilized. This must be differentiated from the province of Romblón, which contains a number of islands, and has a population of 52,848. The Calamianes or Culión group is located in the southwestern part of the archipelago between Mindoro and Paragua between lat. 11° 39′ and 12° 20′ N., and long. 119° 47′ and 120° 23′ E., or a sea area of 1,927 square miles. This group consists of well over 100 islands, islets, and mere rocks, many of them unnamed. The largest islands in the group are Busuanga, Calamian, and Linacapan. The population of Calamianes is given as follows for a number of years: 1876, 16,403; 1885, 21,573; 1886, 17,594; 1887, 16,016; 1888, 14,739; 1889, 16,876; 1891, 18,391; 1892, 18,053; 1893, 19,292; 1894, 18,540; 1895, 16,186; 1896, 15,620; 1897, 15,661; 1898, 14,283. While the falling off in later years may be accounted for possibly by the movements of population during the insurrectionary period, it must be assumed that the returns for the earlier years are incorrect, for they would not naturally vary so greatly from year to year. SeeU. S. Philippine Gazetteer, pp. 412–415; andCensus of the Philippines, ii, pp. 197, 198, 405; and iii, pp. 12–16.47A sidenote refers to Santa Theresa, no. 1228.48Tomás Antonio Manrique de la Cerda, conde de Paredes, marqués de la Laguna, and knight of the Order of Alcantára, took office as viceroy of Mexico, November 30, 1680. The chief events of his term were the piratical raids, chiefly by Frenchcorsairs. His residencia was taken in 1686, and about two years later he returned to Spain. See Bancroft’sMexico, iii, pp. 190–207.49The island of Masbate has an area of 1,236 square miles. It is mountainous, the mean elevation ranging from 2,000 to 2,500 feet. Its present total population is 29,451, all civilized, and the great majority Visayan. SeeCensus of the Philippines, i, p. 66, ii, pp. 30, 392, 407.50Ticao belongs to the present province of Masbate. It is very small, containing an area of only 121 square miles. In shape it is long and narrow, and not of great elevation. Its present population is 10,183. The chief known occupation is agriculture. Seeut supra, i, p. 66, ii, p. 30.51The same general description as that of Ticao fits Burías. Like that island, it also belongs to the province of Masbate. Its area is 197 square miles, and its population 1,627. Seeut supra, i, p. 66, ii, p. 30.52Sidenotes at this point refer to San Agustin’sConquistas, book ii, chapter i, p. 215; book iii, chapter xxv, pp. 515, 516, 529.53A sidenote refers to San Antonio, i, folio 219.54A sidenote reference is to Santa Theresa, no. 740 ff.55A sidenote refers tout supra, no. 739.56Miguel Poblete was archbishop of Manila from 1653 to 1668.57Bolinao is now located on the northeastern end of the Zambal Peninsula. Before being moved by the Dominicans, it must have been located on the island of Santiago or Purra, just across the channel from its present location. Its present population (seeCensus of Philippines, ii, p. 244), is 5,397.58Today located on the coast. Its present population is 6,139. SeeCensus of Philippines, ii, p. 244.59Masinloc (seeut supra) has a present population of 3,230.60Iba, now the capital of the province of Zambales, is located on a river a very short distance from the coast. Its present population is 4,482. SeeCensus of Philippines, ii., p. 244.61The modern Cabangán is located on the coast road a few miles south of Iba. Its present population (seeut supra) is 3,015.62The village of Subic is located on the northern side of the bay of the same name, and its present population (seeut supra) is 2,525. Subic Bay is one of the best natural harbors in the Philippines.63See the Dominican account of their missions among the Zambals, as given by Salazar, inVol. XLIII.64i.e., Incense, or storax. The word is spelt ”camangyian” in the Tagálog dictionary of Noceda and Sanlucar.65The port and village of San Jacinto are located on the east coast of Ticao Island toward the north. The village has a present population of 4,845. SeeCensus of the Philippines, ii, p. 232.66Mobo is an inland village in the northeastern part of Masbate, located on a river a short distance from the capital village called Masbate. Its present population is 2,657. SeeCensus of the Philippines, ii, p. 232.67Domingo Pérez was born in Santa Justa near Santander, in 1636. Entering the convent at Santillana, he professed as a Dominican there, October 14, 1659. Refusing the offer of a college education in Alcalá de Henares, he went to the Philippines, after teaching philosophy for a time at Mexico. Reaching Manila in December 1666, he taught philosophy until the following year, when he was assigned to the province of Bataán, at the convent of Oriong, which was declared independent of Abucay in that same year. Three of his five years there he acted as vicar. From Oriong he went to Samál, and thence to Abucay in 1675. Somewhat later he was sent to Balacbac, but remained there but a short time because of the complaints of the Recollects, who claimed that the Dominicans were usurping their territory. In 1677 he was appointed vicar of Abucay, where his capacity for work and his zeal were conspicuous. In 1678 he was appointed vicar of Binondoc, remaining there one year. When the Dominicans were given charge of the province of Zambales in 1679, he was made vicar of that whole district. He was conspicuous throughout the province for his efforts in destroying idol worship, and his opposition to that and all manner of vices finally ended in his murder, as relatedin the text. He died on November 15, 1683. He was the author of a relation on the customs and superstitions of the Zambals, which existed in the Dominican archives at Manila. SeeReseña biográfica, ii, pp. 34–43.68Juan Rois (Roes, Ruiz) was a Galician, and professed in the Dominican convent of Lugo, September 2, 1679. Arriving at thePhilippines that same year, he was assigned in 1680 to the house at Masinloc, and in 1682 to that at Nueva Toledo. In 1684 he was again assigned to Masinloc, and in 1686 became vicar of Paynaven and vicar-provincial of Zambales. He was sent to the Batanes Islands with Father Mateo González, in 1688, where he died that same year from the unhealthfulness of the region and his hardships. SeeReseña biográfica, ii, pp. 216, 217.69Possibly the agos-os, orFicus pungens, which is used occasionally in house construction. SeeOfficial Handbook of Philippines, p. 341; and Ahern’sImportant Philippine Woods(Forestry Bureau, Manila, 1901), p. 8.70See Salazar’sHistoria, pp. 275–313, for the Dominican account of the missions of Zambales, the incidents of Calignao, and the life of Father Domingo Pérez. Concepción evidently had before him this account in compiling his own.71Juan Peguero, O.P., was born in Estremadura, and professed in the Seville convent, November 1, 1659. After arriving in the Philippines, he was assigned to the province of Bataán, where he labored in the convents of Samal and Abucay. He was associate in Binondoc during the years 1671–1673, when he became vicar of San Juan del Monte, serving also in the latter in 1680 and 1686–1691. He was vicar of Oriong 1677–1680, and became procurator, along with his other duties, in the latter year. His death occurred at the Manila convent, May 21, 1691. He wrote a compendium of the history of the province, and a biography of Domingo Pérez, the latter of which he dated and signed on February 1, 1691, and which was conserved in the Dominican convent at Manila. One of his works was to construct an aqueduct from the Pasig for the better water-supply of Manila, but an earthquake totally destroyed his work. SeeReseña biográfica, ii, pp. 81, 82.72Doubtless theRecopilación de las Leyes de los Reynos de las Indias, first published at Madrid, 1681.73Traslado: The reference or act of delivering written judicial proceedings to the other party, in order that on examination of them he may prepare his answer. Appleton’sNew Velázquez Dictionary.74Raimundo Berart, O.P., was a native of Cataluña, and professed in the convent of Santa Catalina Virgén y Martir, in Barcelona, at that time being doctor in both laws at the university of Lérida. He arrived at Manila at the age of twenty-eight, in the year 1679. He speedily became associate to the archbishop, Felipe Pardo, in whose defense he wrote severalmanifestoswhich remain in MS. In 1681 the ecclesiastical cabildo asked that the archbishop give him up, and probably in answer to that demand, he was assigned to the convent of Abucay in the province of Bataán. In 1684 he became vicar of that convent, and in 1686 he was appointed rector and chancellor of the college of Santo Tomás in Manila. He left the islands before July 13, 1689, and from that time until 1696 was in charge of the hospitium in Mexico. In 1696 he was sent to Spain as definitor in general chapter, and died in that country in 1713. SeeReseña biográfica, ii, pp. 195–206.75This date cannot be reconciled with the dates that follow. It may be an error for 1685.76Domingo de Escalera was a native of Andalucia, and professed in the Dominican order at Madrid, September 10, 1665. He was a deacon at his arrival at the Philippines. He was firstassigned to the house of San Gabriel in Binondo; became vicar of Sámal in the province of Bataán in 1680, and in 1682 of Abucay, after which he was again at Binondo. During the years 1686–1690, he was procurator-general, and during part of that time (1686–1688), had charge of the natives in the Manila convent. In 1690 he was definitor and acted as vicar again of Binondo, where he remained until 1698, when he became president of the college of San Juan de Letrán. He was appointed president of the hospital of San Gabriel, and procurator-general of the province. Although assigned as vicar of the convent of San Telmo in Cavite in 1702, he resigned that office in November of that same year, and went to the mission at Ituy. His death occurred on the nineteenth of the following month, and resulted from the unhealthful region. During the year spent among the mountains of Zambales, he formed the village of Malso. SeeReseña biográfica, ii, pp. 169, 170.77Pedro Mejorada, O.P., professed in the convent at Salamanca, and on going to the Philippines was assigned to the Tagálog district. He ministered four years in Binondo, then the same period in Sámal, in the province of Bataán. In 1694, he was assigned as lecturer on theology at the college of Santo Tomás in Manila, where he remained for four years. The following eight years were spent in Abucay and Oriong. In the year 1702 he received the title of calificador of the Holy Office, and in 1706 was appointed rector and chancellor of the university, which position he filled until 1710, when he was elected provincial of the order. On the termination of that office in 1714, he was elected regent of studies in the college of Santo Tomás. In November of that same year, however, he resigned in order to return to his convent at Salamanca, arriving in Madrid in 1716. Although lie was elected prior of the Salamanca convent, he wasnot to be allowed to enjoy that position, for a royal appointment as bishop of Nueva Segovia caused him, howbeit unwillingly, to return to the Philippines. Entering those islands once more in 1718, he assumed the duties of his office, but died in Vigan in June of the following year in the sixty-third year of his age, and after a residence in the islands of thirty-one years. SeeReseña biográfica, ii, pp. 230–234.78Domingo Collantes, the author of the fourth part of the Dominican history of the Philippines, was a native of Villa de Herrin de Campos, in the bishopric of Palencia. He professed in the convent at Valladolid, in 1764, and arrived in Manila, July 8, 1769. He held several conventual posts in his order there, among them that of provincial. The bishopric of Nueva Cáceres was later given to him. His death occurred in Manila in 1808 at the age of sixty. See Pardo de Tavera’sBiblioteca filipina, p. 107.
1Following is a translation of the title-page of this work: “General history of the discalced religious of the Order of thehermits of the great father and doctor of the Church, San Agustin, of the congregation of España and of the Indias. Volume Four. By Father Fray Pedro de San Francisco de Assis, pensioned lecturer, calificador of the Holy Office, apostolic missionary, father of the province of Aragon, ex-definitor-general, and chronicler of the said congregation. Dedicated to St. Nicholas of Tolentino. Containing three decades, extending from the year 1661 to that of 1690. Zaragoza; printed by Francisco Moreno, in the year 1756.”2A sidenote at this point in the original is as follows: ”Historia de la Provincia del Santo Rosario, volume ii, book ii, chapter xv.” The reference is of course to Baltasar de Santa Cruz’s book.3A sidenote in the original refers to volume iii of the Recollect History by Santa Theresa, Decade vii, book i, chapter iv, section vii, folio 241, nos. 507–515. The Philippine portion of this book appears in ourVol. XXXVI, pp. 113–188.4Juan Polanco (notPalanco), was a native of the Burgos mountain region, and professed in the Dominican convent of Valladolid, July 13, 1639. As he showed evident signs of a brilliantmind he was sent to the college of San Gregorio of Valladolid, after graduating from which he returned to the convent as lecturer in philosophy. Thence he went to the convent of Trianos as master of students, but later joining the Philippine mission arrived at those islands in 1658. Destined for the instruction of the Chinese he was sent to the Chinese missions as soon as he had mastered the language. His two years in China were years of continual suffering, imprisonment, and torment. Recalled, although against his will, to become procurator for his province in Madrid and Rome, and to act as definitor in the general chapter, he gave up his mission work. Always of a humble and obedient disposition, when he was ordered to return immediately to Spain on one occasion after he had just conducted a mission to Mexico, he obeyed without hesitation, but he had scarcely reached the convent at Sevilla, when he died, December 2, 1671. At the chapter held at Rome 1668, he petitioned the beatification of the Japanese martyrs. SeeReseña biográfica, ii, pp. 1–3.5A sidenote in the original at this point refers to theChronicasof San Antonio, i, book i, chapter xvii.6A sidenote of the original reads: “All this appears from Father Fray Juan Francisco de San Antonio,ut supra, book ii, chapter xviii, folio 364, and chapter xix, folio 372.”7A sidenote of the original refers to San Antonio, i, book i, chapter lv, folio 220, and chapter lvii, folio 224.8So called perhaps from the long robe probably worn by women who were allowed to take partial vows.9A sidenote at this point refers to Father Nieremberg’sOculta y curiosa philosophia, last treatise, folio 431. This book is rightly namedCuriosa y oculta filosofia, and was published in two parts in Madrid, 1643. Juan Eusebio Nieremberg was born in Madrid either in 1590 or 1595. His father was a Tyrolese, and his mother a Bavarian. Educated at the university at Salamanca, he took the Jesuit habit in the same city in 1614. He became known for his learning and ability and for fourteen years filled thechair of natural history at the royal school at Madrid, and for three years after that lectured on the scriptures. At the same time he was held in high esteem as a confessor, and was solicited by many prominent people as such. In 1642, he gave up teaching entirely because of an attack of paralysis. His death occurred at Madrid, April 7, 1658. He was the author of many works in Spanish and Latin, some of which have been translated into French and Arabic, and other languages. See Rose’sNew General Biographical Dictionary, and Hoefer’sNouvelle Biographie générale.10Sidenotes at this point in the original refer as follows: “Volume i of this History [i.e., the volume by Andrés de San Nicolas, for extract from which see ourVol. XXI], decade ii, chapter ix, folio 452; volume iii [i.e., the volume by Diego de Santa Theresa, from which appear extracts inVol. XXXVI, pp. 113–188], marginal numbers, 233, 257et seq., 530et seq., 540, 596, and 649.”11There is a a sidenote reference here in the original to Santa Cruz’sHistoria, part ii, book i, chapter xxiii.12A sidenote of the original refers here to Santa Theresa’sHistoria, marginal numbers 649 and 651.13SeeVol. XL, p. 179, note 78.14A sidenote here refers to Santa Theresa’sHistoria, no. 259 ff.15The references in the margin at this point are to San Andrés’sHistoria, folios 451, 452; Luis de Jesús’sHistoria, folios 39, 40, 44, 45, 70, 282, 284–295, and 353; Santa Theresa’sHistoria, marginal numbers 250 ff., 366 ff., 519, 522, 534, 599, 603, 615–629, 646 ff., and 740 ff.16Subhastación: literally, sale of goods at public auction.17Our author also refers in sidenotes at this place to Luis de Jesús’sHistoria, folios 45, 167 ff., 284–295, and 353; and to Santa Theresa’sHistoria, marginal numbers 328, 522, 534, 648, 741, and 1153.18A sidenote reference at this point reads: “See Volume iii of thisHistoria[i.e., Santa Theresa’s], marginal numbers 737–742.”19The reference is to volume i of the series of histories of the Recollect order, the volume by Andrés de San Nicolás, decade 2, chapter vi from folio 419.20A reference here in the original is to Santa Cruz’sHistoria, folio 499.21A sidenote refers to San Antonio’sChronicas, i, book i, chapter 39, no. 407, folio 139.22A sidenote refers at this point to Santa Theresa, nos. 239 ff., and 737 ff.23SeeVol. XL, p. 123, note 46.24Mindoro has an area of 3,851 square miles, according to the estimate of theCensus of the Philippines, i, pp. 65, 66. It has a maximum length of 100 miles and its greatest width is about 60 miles. Though represented as having two mountain ranges those who have crossed the island say that it has but one. The highest elevation of that range is Mt. Halcón, about 8,800 ft. high. Theisland has much valuable timber. The settlements are mostly confined to the coast, and are small, while some wild people live in the interior.25Of “yonote” Colin (Labor evangélica, p. 29) says: “They [i.e., the inhabitants of Mindoro] pay their tribute in yonote, which is a kind of black hemp, produced by certain palms. It is used for the larger cables of ships, which are made in the rope factory of the village of Tal.” Cf.bonote,Vol. X, p. 58; andVol. XIV, p. 257.26San Antonio, i, p. 102, notes that the island of Mindoro was formerly called Maìt. Its Chinese name was Ka-may-en (seeVol. XXXIV, p. 187, note 15).27Our author refers in a sidenote to San Agustin’sConquistas, book ii, chapter i, pp. 216, 250. The first page makes no mention of the “simplicity.”28The sidenote reference to San Antonio is to hisChronicas, volume i, p. 103.29A sidenote reference is to San Agustin’sConquistas, pp. 216, 224, 292.30SeeVol. II, p. 59, note 22.31Sidenote reference: San Agustin,ut supra, p. 292.32Sidenote reference: San Agustin, p. 250.33Sidenote references: Father Fray Marcelo de Ribadeneyra, in hisHistoria, folio 84; father Fray Juan Francisco de San Antonio in hisChronicas, volume i, folio 20.34Murillo Velarde (folio 123 verso, no. 306) records that two Jesuits were sent to Mindoro to work in the field of the seculars in 1640. Juan de Polanco, O.P., notes that about 1645 there were four or five Jesuits in Mindoro who worked among the people of the uplands (see Pastells’s edition of Colin’sLabor evangélica, iii, p. 735). San Antonio notes (i, p. 203) Jesuit residences in the jurisdiction of Mindoro.35A sidenote reference is to nos. 400, 715,ante.36Our author refers in a sidenote to San Antonio, i, p. 207.37A sidenote reference is to folio 80 of Joseph Sicardo’sChristiandad del Japon, ... Memorias sacras de los martyres de las ilustres religiones ... con especialdad, de los religiosos del orden de S. Augustin(Madrid, 1698).38A sidenote refers to Santa Theresa, no. 740 ff.39A sidenote refers to San Antonio, i, p. 207. The present total population of Mindoro (according to theCensus of the Philippinesii, p. 407) is 28,361, of which the civilized or Christian people number 21,097. The native peoples include Bicols, Ilocanos, Mangyans, Painpangans, Pangasináns, Tagálogs, Visayans, and Zambals. The wild people are all Mangyans.40Seeante, note 47. See also theCensus of the Philippines(i, pp. 472, 473, 547, 548), which says that the Mangyans are probably a mixture of Negritos with other native peoples, and possibly some slight infusion of white blood in some localities.41The reference is to I Corinthians iii, 6.42A sidenote here refers to nos. 32–38ante.43The original refers at this point to Luis de Jesús, folios 36, 42 ff.44A sidenote reference is to Santa Theresa, no. 740 ff.45A sidenote reference is to San Antonio, i, p. 215.46The present population of the island of Romblón is 9,347, all civilized. This must be differentiated from the province of Romblón, which contains a number of islands, and has a population of 52,848. The Calamianes or Culión group is located in the southwestern part of the archipelago between Mindoro and Paragua between lat. 11° 39′ and 12° 20′ N., and long. 119° 47′ and 120° 23′ E., or a sea area of 1,927 square miles. This group consists of well over 100 islands, islets, and mere rocks, many of them unnamed. The largest islands in the group are Busuanga, Calamian, and Linacapan. The population of Calamianes is given as follows for a number of years: 1876, 16,403; 1885, 21,573; 1886, 17,594; 1887, 16,016; 1888, 14,739; 1889, 16,876; 1891, 18,391; 1892, 18,053; 1893, 19,292; 1894, 18,540; 1895, 16,186; 1896, 15,620; 1897, 15,661; 1898, 14,283. While the falling off in later years may be accounted for possibly by the movements of population during the insurrectionary period, it must be assumed that the returns for the earlier years are incorrect, for they would not naturally vary so greatly from year to year. SeeU. S. Philippine Gazetteer, pp. 412–415; andCensus of the Philippines, ii, pp. 197, 198, 405; and iii, pp. 12–16.47A sidenote refers to Santa Theresa, no. 1228.48Tomás Antonio Manrique de la Cerda, conde de Paredes, marqués de la Laguna, and knight of the Order of Alcantára, took office as viceroy of Mexico, November 30, 1680. The chief events of his term were the piratical raids, chiefly by Frenchcorsairs. His residencia was taken in 1686, and about two years later he returned to Spain. See Bancroft’sMexico, iii, pp. 190–207.49The island of Masbate has an area of 1,236 square miles. It is mountainous, the mean elevation ranging from 2,000 to 2,500 feet. Its present total population is 29,451, all civilized, and the great majority Visayan. SeeCensus of the Philippines, i, p. 66, ii, pp. 30, 392, 407.50Ticao belongs to the present province of Masbate. It is very small, containing an area of only 121 square miles. In shape it is long and narrow, and not of great elevation. Its present population is 10,183. The chief known occupation is agriculture. Seeut supra, i, p. 66, ii, p. 30.51The same general description as that of Ticao fits Burías. Like that island, it also belongs to the province of Masbate. Its area is 197 square miles, and its population 1,627. Seeut supra, i, p. 66, ii, p. 30.52Sidenotes at this point refer to San Agustin’sConquistas, book ii, chapter i, p. 215; book iii, chapter xxv, pp. 515, 516, 529.53A sidenote refers to San Antonio, i, folio 219.54A sidenote reference is to Santa Theresa, no. 740 ff.55A sidenote refers tout supra, no. 739.56Miguel Poblete was archbishop of Manila from 1653 to 1668.57Bolinao is now located on the northeastern end of the Zambal Peninsula. Before being moved by the Dominicans, it must have been located on the island of Santiago or Purra, just across the channel from its present location. Its present population (seeCensus of Philippines, ii, p. 244), is 5,397.58Today located on the coast. Its present population is 6,139. SeeCensus of Philippines, ii, p. 244.59Masinloc (seeut supra) has a present population of 3,230.60Iba, now the capital of the province of Zambales, is located on a river a very short distance from the coast. Its present population is 4,482. SeeCensus of Philippines, ii., p. 244.61The modern Cabangán is located on the coast road a few miles south of Iba. Its present population (seeut supra) is 3,015.62The village of Subic is located on the northern side of the bay of the same name, and its present population (seeut supra) is 2,525. Subic Bay is one of the best natural harbors in the Philippines.63See the Dominican account of their missions among the Zambals, as given by Salazar, inVol. XLIII.64i.e., Incense, or storax. The word is spelt ”camangyian” in the Tagálog dictionary of Noceda and Sanlucar.65The port and village of San Jacinto are located on the east coast of Ticao Island toward the north. The village has a present population of 4,845. SeeCensus of the Philippines, ii, p. 232.66Mobo is an inland village in the northeastern part of Masbate, located on a river a short distance from the capital village called Masbate. Its present population is 2,657. SeeCensus of the Philippines, ii, p. 232.67Domingo Pérez was born in Santa Justa near Santander, in 1636. Entering the convent at Santillana, he professed as a Dominican there, October 14, 1659. Refusing the offer of a college education in Alcalá de Henares, he went to the Philippines, after teaching philosophy for a time at Mexico. Reaching Manila in December 1666, he taught philosophy until the following year, when he was assigned to the province of Bataán, at the convent of Oriong, which was declared independent of Abucay in that same year. Three of his five years there he acted as vicar. From Oriong he went to Samál, and thence to Abucay in 1675. Somewhat later he was sent to Balacbac, but remained there but a short time because of the complaints of the Recollects, who claimed that the Dominicans were usurping their territory. In 1677 he was appointed vicar of Abucay, where his capacity for work and his zeal were conspicuous. In 1678 he was appointed vicar of Binondoc, remaining there one year. When the Dominicans were given charge of the province of Zambales in 1679, he was made vicar of that whole district. He was conspicuous throughout the province for his efforts in destroying idol worship, and his opposition to that and all manner of vices finally ended in his murder, as relatedin the text. He died on November 15, 1683. He was the author of a relation on the customs and superstitions of the Zambals, which existed in the Dominican archives at Manila. SeeReseña biográfica, ii, pp. 34–43.68Juan Rois (Roes, Ruiz) was a Galician, and professed in the Dominican convent of Lugo, September 2, 1679. Arriving at thePhilippines that same year, he was assigned in 1680 to the house at Masinloc, and in 1682 to that at Nueva Toledo. In 1684 he was again assigned to Masinloc, and in 1686 became vicar of Paynaven and vicar-provincial of Zambales. He was sent to the Batanes Islands with Father Mateo González, in 1688, where he died that same year from the unhealthfulness of the region and his hardships. SeeReseña biográfica, ii, pp. 216, 217.69Possibly the agos-os, orFicus pungens, which is used occasionally in house construction. SeeOfficial Handbook of Philippines, p. 341; and Ahern’sImportant Philippine Woods(Forestry Bureau, Manila, 1901), p. 8.70See Salazar’sHistoria, pp. 275–313, for the Dominican account of the missions of Zambales, the incidents of Calignao, and the life of Father Domingo Pérez. Concepción evidently had before him this account in compiling his own.71Juan Peguero, O.P., was born in Estremadura, and professed in the Seville convent, November 1, 1659. After arriving in the Philippines, he was assigned to the province of Bataán, where he labored in the convents of Samal and Abucay. He was associate in Binondoc during the years 1671–1673, when he became vicar of San Juan del Monte, serving also in the latter in 1680 and 1686–1691. He was vicar of Oriong 1677–1680, and became procurator, along with his other duties, in the latter year. His death occurred at the Manila convent, May 21, 1691. He wrote a compendium of the history of the province, and a biography of Domingo Pérez, the latter of which he dated and signed on February 1, 1691, and which was conserved in the Dominican convent at Manila. One of his works was to construct an aqueduct from the Pasig for the better water-supply of Manila, but an earthquake totally destroyed his work. SeeReseña biográfica, ii, pp. 81, 82.72Doubtless theRecopilación de las Leyes de los Reynos de las Indias, first published at Madrid, 1681.73Traslado: The reference or act of delivering written judicial proceedings to the other party, in order that on examination of them he may prepare his answer. Appleton’sNew Velázquez Dictionary.74Raimundo Berart, O.P., was a native of Cataluña, and professed in the convent of Santa Catalina Virgén y Martir, in Barcelona, at that time being doctor in both laws at the university of Lérida. He arrived at Manila at the age of twenty-eight, in the year 1679. He speedily became associate to the archbishop, Felipe Pardo, in whose defense he wrote severalmanifestoswhich remain in MS. In 1681 the ecclesiastical cabildo asked that the archbishop give him up, and probably in answer to that demand, he was assigned to the convent of Abucay in the province of Bataán. In 1684 he became vicar of that convent, and in 1686 he was appointed rector and chancellor of the college of Santo Tomás in Manila. He left the islands before July 13, 1689, and from that time until 1696 was in charge of the hospitium in Mexico. In 1696 he was sent to Spain as definitor in general chapter, and died in that country in 1713. SeeReseña biográfica, ii, pp. 195–206.75This date cannot be reconciled with the dates that follow. It may be an error for 1685.76Domingo de Escalera was a native of Andalucia, and professed in the Dominican order at Madrid, September 10, 1665. He was a deacon at his arrival at the Philippines. He was firstassigned to the house of San Gabriel in Binondo; became vicar of Sámal in the province of Bataán in 1680, and in 1682 of Abucay, after which he was again at Binondo. During the years 1686–1690, he was procurator-general, and during part of that time (1686–1688), had charge of the natives in the Manila convent. In 1690 he was definitor and acted as vicar again of Binondo, where he remained until 1698, when he became president of the college of San Juan de Letrán. He was appointed president of the hospital of San Gabriel, and procurator-general of the province. Although assigned as vicar of the convent of San Telmo in Cavite in 1702, he resigned that office in November of that same year, and went to the mission at Ituy. His death occurred on the nineteenth of the following month, and resulted from the unhealthful region. During the year spent among the mountains of Zambales, he formed the village of Malso. SeeReseña biográfica, ii, pp. 169, 170.77Pedro Mejorada, O.P., professed in the convent at Salamanca, and on going to the Philippines was assigned to the Tagálog district. He ministered four years in Binondo, then the same period in Sámal, in the province of Bataán. In 1694, he was assigned as lecturer on theology at the college of Santo Tomás in Manila, where he remained for four years. The following eight years were spent in Abucay and Oriong. In the year 1702 he received the title of calificador of the Holy Office, and in 1706 was appointed rector and chancellor of the university, which position he filled until 1710, when he was elected provincial of the order. On the termination of that office in 1714, he was elected regent of studies in the college of Santo Tomás. In November of that same year, however, he resigned in order to return to his convent at Salamanca, arriving in Madrid in 1716. Although lie was elected prior of the Salamanca convent, he wasnot to be allowed to enjoy that position, for a royal appointment as bishop of Nueva Segovia caused him, howbeit unwillingly, to return to the Philippines. Entering those islands once more in 1718, he assumed the duties of his office, but died in Vigan in June of the following year in the sixty-third year of his age, and after a residence in the islands of thirty-one years. SeeReseña biográfica, ii, pp. 230–234.78Domingo Collantes, the author of the fourth part of the Dominican history of the Philippines, was a native of Villa de Herrin de Campos, in the bishopric of Palencia. He professed in the convent at Valladolid, in 1764, and arrived in Manila, July 8, 1769. He held several conventual posts in his order there, among them that of provincial. The bishopric of Nueva Cáceres was later given to him. His death occurred in Manila in 1808 at the age of sixty. See Pardo de Tavera’sBiblioteca filipina, p. 107.
1Following is a translation of the title-page of this work: “General history of the discalced religious of the Order of thehermits of the great father and doctor of the Church, San Agustin, of the congregation of España and of the Indias. Volume Four. By Father Fray Pedro de San Francisco de Assis, pensioned lecturer, calificador of the Holy Office, apostolic missionary, father of the province of Aragon, ex-definitor-general, and chronicler of the said congregation. Dedicated to St. Nicholas of Tolentino. Containing three decades, extending from the year 1661 to that of 1690. Zaragoza; printed by Francisco Moreno, in the year 1756.”
2A sidenote at this point in the original is as follows: ”Historia de la Provincia del Santo Rosario, volume ii, book ii, chapter xv.” The reference is of course to Baltasar de Santa Cruz’s book.
3A sidenote in the original refers to volume iii of the Recollect History by Santa Theresa, Decade vii, book i, chapter iv, section vii, folio 241, nos. 507–515. The Philippine portion of this book appears in ourVol. XXXVI, pp. 113–188.
4Juan Polanco (notPalanco), was a native of the Burgos mountain region, and professed in the Dominican convent of Valladolid, July 13, 1639. As he showed evident signs of a brilliantmind he was sent to the college of San Gregorio of Valladolid, after graduating from which he returned to the convent as lecturer in philosophy. Thence he went to the convent of Trianos as master of students, but later joining the Philippine mission arrived at those islands in 1658. Destined for the instruction of the Chinese he was sent to the Chinese missions as soon as he had mastered the language. His two years in China were years of continual suffering, imprisonment, and torment. Recalled, although against his will, to become procurator for his province in Madrid and Rome, and to act as definitor in the general chapter, he gave up his mission work. Always of a humble and obedient disposition, when he was ordered to return immediately to Spain on one occasion after he had just conducted a mission to Mexico, he obeyed without hesitation, but he had scarcely reached the convent at Sevilla, when he died, December 2, 1671. At the chapter held at Rome 1668, he petitioned the beatification of the Japanese martyrs. SeeReseña biográfica, ii, pp. 1–3.
5A sidenote in the original at this point refers to theChronicasof San Antonio, i, book i, chapter xvii.
6A sidenote of the original reads: “All this appears from Father Fray Juan Francisco de San Antonio,ut supra, book ii, chapter xviii, folio 364, and chapter xix, folio 372.”
7A sidenote of the original refers to San Antonio, i, book i, chapter lv, folio 220, and chapter lvii, folio 224.
8So called perhaps from the long robe probably worn by women who were allowed to take partial vows.
9A sidenote at this point refers to Father Nieremberg’sOculta y curiosa philosophia, last treatise, folio 431. This book is rightly namedCuriosa y oculta filosofia, and was published in two parts in Madrid, 1643. Juan Eusebio Nieremberg was born in Madrid either in 1590 or 1595. His father was a Tyrolese, and his mother a Bavarian. Educated at the university at Salamanca, he took the Jesuit habit in the same city in 1614. He became known for his learning and ability and for fourteen years filled thechair of natural history at the royal school at Madrid, and for three years after that lectured on the scriptures. At the same time he was held in high esteem as a confessor, and was solicited by many prominent people as such. In 1642, he gave up teaching entirely because of an attack of paralysis. His death occurred at Madrid, April 7, 1658. He was the author of many works in Spanish and Latin, some of which have been translated into French and Arabic, and other languages. See Rose’sNew General Biographical Dictionary, and Hoefer’sNouvelle Biographie générale.
10Sidenotes at this point in the original refer as follows: “Volume i of this History [i.e., the volume by Andrés de San Nicolas, for extract from which see ourVol. XXI], decade ii, chapter ix, folio 452; volume iii [i.e., the volume by Diego de Santa Theresa, from which appear extracts inVol. XXXVI, pp. 113–188], marginal numbers, 233, 257et seq., 530et seq., 540, 596, and 649.”
11There is a a sidenote reference here in the original to Santa Cruz’sHistoria, part ii, book i, chapter xxiii.
12A sidenote of the original refers here to Santa Theresa’sHistoria, marginal numbers 649 and 651.
13SeeVol. XL, p. 179, note 78.
14A sidenote here refers to Santa Theresa’sHistoria, no. 259 ff.
15The references in the margin at this point are to San Andrés’sHistoria, folios 451, 452; Luis de Jesús’sHistoria, folios 39, 40, 44, 45, 70, 282, 284–295, and 353; Santa Theresa’sHistoria, marginal numbers 250 ff., 366 ff., 519, 522, 534, 599, 603, 615–629, 646 ff., and 740 ff.
16Subhastación: literally, sale of goods at public auction.
17Our author also refers in sidenotes at this place to Luis de Jesús’sHistoria, folios 45, 167 ff., 284–295, and 353; and to Santa Theresa’sHistoria, marginal numbers 328, 522, 534, 648, 741, and 1153.
18A sidenote reference at this point reads: “See Volume iii of thisHistoria[i.e., Santa Theresa’s], marginal numbers 737–742.”
19The reference is to volume i of the series of histories of the Recollect order, the volume by Andrés de San Nicolás, decade 2, chapter vi from folio 419.
20A reference here in the original is to Santa Cruz’sHistoria, folio 499.
21A sidenote refers to San Antonio’sChronicas, i, book i, chapter 39, no. 407, folio 139.
22A sidenote refers at this point to Santa Theresa, nos. 239 ff., and 737 ff.
23SeeVol. XL, p. 123, note 46.
24Mindoro has an area of 3,851 square miles, according to the estimate of theCensus of the Philippines, i, pp. 65, 66. It has a maximum length of 100 miles and its greatest width is about 60 miles. Though represented as having two mountain ranges those who have crossed the island say that it has but one. The highest elevation of that range is Mt. Halcón, about 8,800 ft. high. Theisland has much valuable timber. The settlements are mostly confined to the coast, and are small, while some wild people live in the interior.
25Of “yonote” Colin (Labor evangélica, p. 29) says: “They [i.e., the inhabitants of Mindoro] pay their tribute in yonote, which is a kind of black hemp, produced by certain palms. It is used for the larger cables of ships, which are made in the rope factory of the village of Tal.” Cf.bonote,Vol. X, p. 58; andVol. XIV, p. 257.
26San Antonio, i, p. 102, notes that the island of Mindoro was formerly called Maìt. Its Chinese name was Ka-may-en (seeVol. XXXIV, p. 187, note 15).
27Our author refers in a sidenote to San Agustin’sConquistas, book ii, chapter i, pp. 216, 250. The first page makes no mention of the “simplicity.”
28The sidenote reference to San Antonio is to hisChronicas, volume i, p. 103.
29A sidenote reference is to San Agustin’sConquistas, pp. 216, 224, 292.
30SeeVol. II, p. 59, note 22.
31Sidenote reference: San Agustin,ut supra, p. 292.
32Sidenote reference: San Agustin, p. 250.
33Sidenote references: Father Fray Marcelo de Ribadeneyra, in hisHistoria, folio 84; father Fray Juan Francisco de San Antonio in hisChronicas, volume i, folio 20.
34Murillo Velarde (folio 123 verso, no. 306) records that two Jesuits were sent to Mindoro to work in the field of the seculars in 1640. Juan de Polanco, O.P., notes that about 1645 there were four or five Jesuits in Mindoro who worked among the people of the uplands (see Pastells’s edition of Colin’sLabor evangélica, iii, p. 735). San Antonio notes (i, p. 203) Jesuit residences in the jurisdiction of Mindoro.
35A sidenote reference is to nos. 400, 715,ante.
36Our author refers in a sidenote to San Antonio, i, p. 207.
37A sidenote reference is to folio 80 of Joseph Sicardo’sChristiandad del Japon, ... Memorias sacras de los martyres de las ilustres religiones ... con especialdad, de los religiosos del orden de S. Augustin(Madrid, 1698).
38A sidenote refers to Santa Theresa, no. 740 ff.
39A sidenote refers to San Antonio, i, p. 207. The present total population of Mindoro (according to theCensus of the Philippinesii, p. 407) is 28,361, of which the civilized or Christian people number 21,097. The native peoples include Bicols, Ilocanos, Mangyans, Painpangans, Pangasináns, Tagálogs, Visayans, and Zambals. The wild people are all Mangyans.
40Seeante, note 47. See also theCensus of the Philippines(i, pp. 472, 473, 547, 548), which says that the Mangyans are probably a mixture of Negritos with other native peoples, and possibly some slight infusion of white blood in some localities.
41The reference is to I Corinthians iii, 6.
42A sidenote here refers to nos. 32–38ante.
43The original refers at this point to Luis de Jesús, folios 36, 42 ff.
44A sidenote reference is to Santa Theresa, no. 740 ff.
45A sidenote reference is to San Antonio, i, p. 215.
46The present population of the island of Romblón is 9,347, all civilized. This must be differentiated from the province of Romblón, which contains a number of islands, and has a population of 52,848. The Calamianes or Culión group is located in the southwestern part of the archipelago between Mindoro and Paragua between lat. 11° 39′ and 12° 20′ N., and long. 119° 47′ and 120° 23′ E., or a sea area of 1,927 square miles. This group consists of well over 100 islands, islets, and mere rocks, many of them unnamed. The largest islands in the group are Busuanga, Calamian, and Linacapan. The population of Calamianes is given as follows for a number of years: 1876, 16,403; 1885, 21,573; 1886, 17,594; 1887, 16,016; 1888, 14,739; 1889, 16,876; 1891, 18,391; 1892, 18,053; 1893, 19,292; 1894, 18,540; 1895, 16,186; 1896, 15,620; 1897, 15,661; 1898, 14,283. While the falling off in later years may be accounted for possibly by the movements of population during the insurrectionary period, it must be assumed that the returns for the earlier years are incorrect, for they would not naturally vary so greatly from year to year. SeeU. S. Philippine Gazetteer, pp. 412–415; andCensus of the Philippines, ii, pp. 197, 198, 405; and iii, pp. 12–16.
47A sidenote refers to Santa Theresa, no. 1228.
48Tomás Antonio Manrique de la Cerda, conde de Paredes, marqués de la Laguna, and knight of the Order of Alcantára, took office as viceroy of Mexico, November 30, 1680. The chief events of his term were the piratical raids, chiefly by Frenchcorsairs. His residencia was taken in 1686, and about two years later he returned to Spain. See Bancroft’sMexico, iii, pp. 190–207.
49The island of Masbate has an area of 1,236 square miles. It is mountainous, the mean elevation ranging from 2,000 to 2,500 feet. Its present total population is 29,451, all civilized, and the great majority Visayan. SeeCensus of the Philippines, i, p. 66, ii, pp. 30, 392, 407.
50Ticao belongs to the present province of Masbate. It is very small, containing an area of only 121 square miles. In shape it is long and narrow, and not of great elevation. Its present population is 10,183. The chief known occupation is agriculture. Seeut supra, i, p. 66, ii, p. 30.
51The same general description as that of Ticao fits Burías. Like that island, it also belongs to the province of Masbate. Its area is 197 square miles, and its population 1,627. Seeut supra, i, p. 66, ii, p. 30.
52Sidenotes at this point refer to San Agustin’sConquistas, book ii, chapter i, p. 215; book iii, chapter xxv, pp. 515, 516, 529.
53A sidenote refers to San Antonio, i, folio 219.
54A sidenote reference is to Santa Theresa, no. 740 ff.
55A sidenote refers tout supra, no. 739.
56Miguel Poblete was archbishop of Manila from 1653 to 1668.
57Bolinao is now located on the northeastern end of the Zambal Peninsula. Before being moved by the Dominicans, it must have been located on the island of Santiago or Purra, just across the channel from its present location. Its present population (seeCensus of Philippines, ii, p. 244), is 5,397.
58Today located on the coast. Its present population is 6,139. SeeCensus of Philippines, ii, p. 244.
59Masinloc (seeut supra) has a present population of 3,230.
60Iba, now the capital of the province of Zambales, is located on a river a very short distance from the coast. Its present population is 4,482. SeeCensus of Philippines, ii., p. 244.
61The modern Cabangán is located on the coast road a few miles south of Iba. Its present population (seeut supra) is 3,015.
62The village of Subic is located on the northern side of the bay of the same name, and its present population (seeut supra) is 2,525. Subic Bay is one of the best natural harbors in the Philippines.
63See the Dominican account of their missions among the Zambals, as given by Salazar, inVol. XLIII.
64i.e., Incense, or storax. The word is spelt ”camangyian” in the Tagálog dictionary of Noceda and Sanlucar.
65The port and village of San Jacinto are located on the east coast of Ticao Island toward the north. The village has a present population of 4,845. SeeCensus of the Philippines, ii, p. 232.
66Mobo is an inland village in the northeastern part of Masbate, located on a river a short distance from the capital village called Masbate. Its present population is 2,657. SeeCensus of the Philippines, ii, p. 232.
67Domingo Pérez was born in Santa Justa near Santander, in 1636. Entering the convent at Santillana, he professed as a Dominican there, October 14, 1659. Refusing the offer of a college education in Alcalá de Henares, he went to the Philippines, after teaching philosophy for a time at Mexico. Reaching Manila in December 1666, he taught philosophy until the following year, when he was assigned to the province of Bataán, at the convent of Oriong, which was declared independent of Abucay in that same year. Three of his five years there he acted as vicar. From Oriong he went to Samál, and thence to Abucay in 1675. Somewhat later he was sent to Balacbac, but remained there but a short time because of the complaints of the Recollects, who claimed that the Dominicans were usurping their territory. In 1677 he was appointed vicar of Abucay, where his capacity for work and his zeal were conspicuous. In 1678 he was appointed vicar of Binondoc, remaining there one year. When the Dominicans were given charge of the province of Zambales in 1679, he was made vicar of that whole district. He was conspicuous throughout the province for his efforts in destroying idol worship, and his opposition to that and all manner of vices finally ended in his murder, as relatedin the text. He died on November 15, 1683. He was the author of a relation on the customs and superstitions of the Zambals, which existed in the Dominican archives at Manila. SeeReseña biográfica, ii, pp. 34–43.
68Juan Rois (Roes, Ruiz) was a Galician, and professed in the Dominican convent of Lugo, September 2, 1679. Arriving at thePhilippines that same year, he was assigned in 1680 to the house at Masinloc, and in 1682 to that at Nueva Toledo. In 1684 he was again assigned to Masinloc, and in 1686 became vicar of Paynaven and vicar-provincial of Zambales. He was sent to the Batanes Islands with Father Mateo González, in 1688, where he died that same year from the unhealthfulness of the region and his hardships. SeeReseña biográfica, ii, pp. 216, 217.
69Possibly the agos-os, orFicus pungens, which is used occasionally in house construction. SeeOfficial Handbook of Philippines, p. 341; and Ahern’sImportant Philippine Woods(Forestry Bureau, Manila, 1901), p. 8.
70See Salazar’sHistoria, pp. 275–313, for the Dominican account of the missions of Zambales, the incidents of Calignao, and the life of Father Domingo Pérez. Concepción evidently had before him this account in compiling his own.
71Juan Peguero, O.P., was born in Estremadura, and professed in the Seville convent, November 1, 1659. After arriving in the Philippines, he was assigned to the province of Bataán, where he labored in the convents of Samal and Abucay. He was associate in Binondoc during the years 1671–1673, when he became vicar of San Juan del Monte, serving also in the latter in 1680 and 1686–1691. He was vicar of Oriong 1677–1680, and became procurator, along with his other duties, in the latter year. His death occurred at the Manila convent, May 21, 1691. He wrote a compendium of the history of the province, and a biography of Domingo Pérez, the latter of which he dated and signed on February 1, 1691, and which was conserved in the Dominican convent at Manila. One of his works was to construct an aqueduct from the Pasig for the better water-supply of Manila, but an earthquake totally destroyed his work. SeeReseña biográfica, ii, pp. 81, 82.
72Doubtless theRecopilación de las Leyes de los Reynos de las Indias, first published at Madrid, 1681.
73Traslado: The reference or act of delivering written judicial proceedings to the other party, in order that on examination of them he may prepare his answer. Appleton’sNew Velázquez Dictionary.
74Raimundo Berart, O.P., was a native of Cataluña, and professed in the convent of Santa Catalina Virgén y Martir, in Barcelona, at that time being doctor in both laws at the university of Lérida. He arrived at Manila at the age of twenty-eight, in the year 1679. He speedily became associate to the archbishop, Felipe Pardo, in whose defense he wrote severalmanifestoswhich remain in MS. In 1681 the ecclesiastical cabildo asked that the archbishop give him up, and probably in answer to that demand, he was assigned to the convent of Abucay in the province of Bataán. In 1684 he became vicar of that convent, and in 1686 he was appointed rector and chancellor of the college of Santo Tomás in Manila. He left the islands before July 13, 1689, and from that time until 1696 was in charge of the hospitium in Mexico. In 1696 he was sent to Spain as definitor in general chapter, and died in that country in 1713. SeeReseña biográfica, ii, pp. 195–206.
75This date cannot be reconciled with the dates that follow. It may be an error for 1685.
76Domingo de Escalera was a native of Andalucia, and professed in the Dominican order at Madrid, September 10, 1665. He was a deacon at his arrival at the Philippines. He was firstassigned to the house of San Gabriel in Binondo; became vicar of Sámal in the province of Bataán in 1680, and in 1682 of Abucay, after which he was again at Binondo. During the years 1686–1690, he was procurator-general, and during part of that time (1686–1688), had charge of the natives in the Manila convent. In 1690 he was definitor and acted as vicar again of Binondo, where he remained until 1698, when he became president of the college of San Juan de Letrán. He was appointed president of the hospital of San Gabriel, and procurator-general of the province. Although assigned as vicar of the convent of San Telmo in Cavite in 1702, he resigned that office in November of that same year, and went to the mission at Ituy. His death occurred on the nineteenth of the following month, and resulted from the unhealthful region. During the year spent among the mountains of Zambales, he formed the village of Malso. SeeReseña biográfica, ii, pp. 169, 170.
77Pedro Mejorada, O.P., professed in the convent at Salamanca, and on going to the Philippines was assigned to the Tagálog district. He ministered four years in Binondo, then the same period in Sámal, in the province of Bataán. In 1694, he was assigned as lecturer on theology at the college of Santo Tomás in Manila, where he remained for four years. The following eight years were spent in Abucay and Oriong. In the year 1702 he received the title of calificador of the Holy Office, and in 1706 was appointed rector and chancellor of the university, which position he filled until 1710, when he was elected provincial of the order. On the termination of that office in 1714, he was elected regent of studies in the college of Santo Tomás. In November of that same year, however, he resigned in order to return to his convent at Salamanca, arriving in Madrid in 1716. Although lie was elected prior of the Salamanca convent, he wasnot to be allowed to enjoy that position, for a royal appointment as bishop of Nueva Segovia caused him, howbeit unwillingly, to return to the Philippines. Entering those islands once more in 1718, he assumed the duties of his office, but died in Vigan in June of the following year in the sixty-third year of his age, and after a residence in the islands of thirty-one years. SeeReseña biográfica, ii, pp. 230–234.
78Domingo Collantes, the author of the fourth part of the Dominican history of the Philippines, was a native of Villa de Herrin de Campos, in the bishopric of Palencia. He professed in the convent at Valladolid, in 1764, and arrived in Manila, July 8, 1769. He held several conventual posts in his order there, among them that of provincial. The bishopric of Nueva Cáceres was later given to him. His death occurred in Manila in 1808 at the age of sixty. See Pardo de Tavera’sBiblioteca filipina, p. 107.