Nagasaki,i. 129Nanaimo, Vancouver Island,i. 168Napoleon I. at St. Helena,i. 212Napoleon III.: introduction of ironclad war ships,i. 18“Napoleon,”steam screw, constructed by Dupuy Delorme,i. 226Nares, Sir George S.: cruise of theChallenger,i. 29;cairns erected by him,iii. 97,99;expedition of theAlertandDiscovery,99–114;portrait,iii. 85Natal,i. 211Naukum, a native of Plover Bay,i. 138Nautilus,iv. 143,149Naval architecture, History of,i. 258Naval cadets, Training of,i. 47Naval flags of the world,ii. 1Naval service: officer’s life on board,i. 214Navigation Act passed by Cromwell,ii. 30Navy office established by Henry VIII.,i. 282Negrelli, M. de: his co-operation with M. de Lesseps in the Suez Canal,i. 111Negroes in the West Indies,i. 183,185,188Nelson, Lord: his glorious career,i. 7,9,10;as a model commander; Trafalgar,227;career and anecdotes of,ii. 71;his encounter with the bear,73;Calvi and Bastia, loss of his eye,ib.;Battle of the Nile, burning of“L’Orient,”74;coffin presented to him,ib.;rewards,75,77;Battle of Copenhagen,65,75;portrait,76;his body taken to Gibraltar,i. 96Nelson’s bridge at the battle of St. Vincent,i. 8Nevada, Silver mines at,iv. 26“New Albion,”California so named by Drake,i. 312Newfoundland: possession taken by Sir Humphrey Gilbert,i. 318;Captain Roberts the pirate at,iii. 63Newhaven,iv. 231“New Holland,”early name for West Australia,i. 151New South Wales, so named by Captain Cook,i. 152Newspapers in America,iv. 27;in Arctic ships,iii. 170New York,i. 195–198;map of the harbour,195;Brooklyn Bridge,196;the Broadway,197;ferry-boats,ib.;climate,198;view of New York Bay,iv. 12New York to Chicago by rail,iv. 14New Zealand: Auckland, North, Middle, and Stewart’s Islands,iv. 48;gold-fields,50;war with the Maories,51Niagara,iv. 14;the first submarine Atlantic telegraph cable,101,102Nicaragua: Lolonois the pirate at,iii. 28Nicuesa, Diego de: his expedition to America,iii. 307;his release from his creditors,309;quarrel with Ojeda,311;fight with Indians,ib.Nino’s voyage to America,iii. 303Noah’s ark,i. 258;iv. 56Noddies and boobies taken by Bligh: mutiny of theBounty,i. 243,244Noel, Commander R.N.: on torpedoes,ii. 152Nombre de Dios, attacked by Drake,i. 302Nordenskjöld, Professor: discovery of the north-east passage,iii. 159;his Swedish Arctic expeditions,257;his six Arctic voyages,274;accomplishment of the north-east passage,ib.;the“Vega,”ib.Nore, mutiny of the,i. 249,251–256Norfolk: sketches of the sea coast,iv. 247–251Norman ships,i. 266,268North American naval station,i. 108North Cape,iii. 169North-east passage: early voyages for discovering the,iii. 115–123,129,151;the passage made by Professor Nordenskjöld,274;north-eastern voyages of the Dutch,129“Northfleet,”wreck of the,ii. 260,263–267North polar regions, map,iii. 89North Pole: expeditions to approach it,iii. 87;projected passage over the Pole,144,151North Star, search for Franklin,iii. 213North-west passage,iii. 142,143;reward offered by Government for its discovery,154,155;Sir John Ross’s expedition,163,205;discovered by Sir John Franklin,206;found by Maclure,212Northumberland, Duke of: his interest in the Lifeboat,ii. 211;his prizes,213Northumberland, Napoleon I. on board the,i. 213Norwegians, Arctic voyages of the Vikings,iii. 115,116Norwegian ships, ancient,i. 90Norwegian ships, sanitary arrangements,ii. 120“Novara”(Austrian frigate), deep-sea soundings,i. 28Nova Zembla, Gerrit de Veer’s Map,iii. 131;Barents at,133,137;Henry Hudson at,146Oar-weed,iv. 200Ocean, the, its Living Wonders,iv. 111–158.(SeeAtlanticandPacific.)Ocean, Lord Collingwood’s ship, in a storm,i. 105Octopus,iv. 148Officer’s life on board a man-of-war,i. 214Officers of East Indiamen, their privileges,ii. 14Ojeda, Alonzo de, a follower of Columbus: voyages to America,iii. 301,304;imprisoned by Ocampo,306;his escape,305,306;another voyage,309;fight with Indians,310,311;quarrel with Nicuesa,ib.;wounded by Indians,312;his strange adventures and death,312,313,314Old and young ice. (SeeIce.)Ommaney, Capt., search for Franklin in theAssistance,iii. 207Onions in Bermuda,i. 190Opium-eating and smoking,iv. 38Orellana, Don Josef Pizarro attacked by him,ii. 48“Orient,”steam-ship,iv. 3Osborn, Admiral Sherard, on the loss of theCaptain,i. 58;his advocacy of Polar Exploration,iii. 92;his biography of Franklin,206;search for Franklin in thePioneer,207,208,210Ostrich farming in South Africa,i. 210Otaheite, the crew of theBountyat,i. 236,238Ounimak Pass, Aleutian Islands,i. 171Owen, Professor R., F.R.S., on the Sea-serpent,iv. 187,188Oxenham, John, his connection with Drake,i. 303;his embarkation on the Pacific Ocean,304;executed at Lima,305Oysters, British, mentioned by Juvenal,i. 262;natural history and cultivation,iv. 130–138;dredging for oysters,137.(SeePearl Oysters.)Pacific Ocean, its depth and other characteristics,i. 28;Map of Islands,245;discovered by Balboa,303;Drake’s first view of it,289,302;seen by the pirate Morgan,iii. 47;storm in 1865,i. 139;“patent smoke-stack,”ib.Pacific Ferry, The: San Francisco to Japan and China,iv. 31–40;to New Zealand and Australia,45–55Pacific Naval Station,i. 156Pacific Railway, Life on the,iv. 19;scene in the Sierra Nevada mountains,20;snow-shed,29“Pacific”steamer lost,ii. 108Paddle-boats, History of,ii. 77,78Padstow, Wreck at,iv. 221Paléocapa, M.: his co-operation with M. de Lesseps in the Suez Canal,i. 111Palos: departure of Columbus on his first voyage,iii. 293Panama,i. 171;taken and burnt by the pirate Morgan,iii. 47–49;Spanish ships taken by the pirate Sawkins,iii. 51–54;view of the town,52Panama, Isthmus of, Drake at the,i. 303Pandorasent to find the mutineers of theBounty,i. 244;the ship wrecked,246“Pandora,”Cruise of the,iii. 91–99Papin: propulsion of ships,ii. 80Paraguayan torpedo blowing up a Brazilian ironclad,ii. 154Parahelia, or mock suns,iii. 132Parker, Richard, ringleader of the mutiny of the Nore,i. 252–256;hanged,256Parker, Sir Peter: mutiny at Spithead,i. 250Parma, Prince of, in the Spanish Armada,i. 284,286,290Parr, Lieutenant, his arrival on board theAlert,iii. 113Parry, Sir. W. E.: Arctic expedition,iii. 163,168,170;boat and sledge expedition,178;career after his Arctic voyages,184;his death,185Parsees,i. 118Pasley, Colonel: raising of theRoyal George,i. 62Patagonia, Drake in,i. 308Payer, Lieutenant Julius, Arctic expedition of the“Germania”and“Hansa,”iii. 259;his discovery of coal in the Arctic regions,267;Austro-Hungarian Arctic expedition in the“Tegethoff,”271;two years on an ice-floe,ib.;sledge expedition,272;discovery of Franz Josef Land,ib.;fall of sledge into a crevasse,273Payerne’s“Submarine Hydrostats,”iv. 86Peace, Men of: naval life in peace times; the cruise of theChallenger,i. 28Pearls from America taken to Spain,iii. 303Pearl, Commodore Anson’s ship,ii. 46,50Pearl oysters: pearls, real and artificial,iv. 67,68,69;history and practice of the pearl fishery,70Pearson, Captain, his ship taken by Paul Jones,iii. 77Peat-bogs, Falkland islands,i. 177Pemmican: an Arctic dinner,iii. 210;mode of preparing,216Penguins and their eggs,i. 40,41,177;iii. 280Penny, Captain W., search for Franklin in the“Lady Franklin,”iii. 207,210Pensioners, Greenwich,iv. 286Penzance,iv. 219Perez, Father, his support of the plans of Columbus,iii. 286Perils of the Sailor’s Life,i. 54,67Perim Island, in the Red Sea,i. 117Perrault, the Canadian voyageur, dividing his store with Richardson and his crew,iii. 192Peru,i. 172Peter the Great: at Amsterdam,ii. 33–38;portrait,33;in England,38–41;receiving a deputation,36;Saye’s Court,39;rise of St. Petersburg,41Petersen, Christian, with Captain Nares in theAlert;his illness and death,iii. 105;the“Fox”Arctic expedition,216,218,220,227,236,241,252Petropaulovski,i. 131,132;Avatcha Bay,131;scenery,131,134,137;town attacked by the allied fleets,132;double wedding,135Pett, Phineas: his improvements in war ships,i. 232;thePrince Royal,ii. 22;Royal Sovereign,29Phillip, Captain, his voyage to Botany Bay,i. 152Phipps, Captain, his Arctic voyage,iii. 154Phipps, William, a fortunate diver,iv. 80Phœnician fleets,i. 259Phœnician remains in Malta,i. 103Pholades, rock-borers,iv. 203Phosphorescence of the sea,iv. 96,97Physalia,iv. 119,120,121Pierre le Grand, the pirate,iii. 7;Spanish admiral’s ship taken by him,8,9,12Pigeons: pigeon despatched by Sir John Ross,iii. 211“Pigeon English”in China,i. 126;“Chinook jargon,”167Pilchards: the pilchard fishery,iv. 173,216Pillars of Hercules,i. 87Pim, Lieut., of theResolute, his meeting with Captain Maclure,iii. 213Pindar, his reference to the sea,i. 2Pinto, Fernando Mendez, shipwrecked in Japan,i. 129Pinzon, Vincente Yanez, his voyage to America,iii. 303Pioneer, the search for Franklin,iii. 207,210Pipe-fish,iv. 162,164Pipon, Capt., his discovery of the survivors of theBounty,i. 247,248Piracy,ii. 235;pirates at Singapore,i. 146;Scotch pirates in the 15th century,279;Barbary pirates,ii. 42;Drake as a pirate,i. 309;the Earl of Cumberland,291–295;Captains Quelch and Bellamy, and others,ii. 63;“Black Beard”the pirate,ib.;“The Pirates and Bucaniers,”iii. 1–59;their early history,2;Captain Jennings,3;Esquemeling’s account of the bucaniers,ib.;pirate vessels, 17th century,4;their mode of dividing spoils,11,45;“Pirates of the 18th century,”59–71;female pirates, Mary Read and Anne Bonney,iii. 69;Shakespeare’s allusions to pirates,iv. 294,295Pitcairn Island: survivors and descendants of the mutiny of theBounty,i. 247–249Pitt, William, of Jamaica, his song on sailors,i. 42Pittsburg,iv. 14Pizarro, Francisco, voyage with Ojeda,iii. 309Pizarro, Don Josef: disasters of his fleet,ii. 47Plagues in the 14th and 15th centuries,i. 91Plimsoll, Samuel: portrait,ii. 112;unseaworthy ships; his efforts,ii. 113Plover: search for Sir John Franklin, Plover Bay,i. 138:iii. 156,207,211;village at Plover Bay,156Plymouth,iv. 224Plymouth Adventurers,ii. 11Plymouth Breakwater,ii. 192Plymouth men lost in theCaptain,i. 55Pniel, South Africa, diamond fields,i. 210Poe, Edgar Allan, his story of a descent into the Maelström,iv. 94Poets on the Sea, the Sailor, and the Ship,iv. 290–304Point-à-Pitre, Guadaloupe,i. 186Polar bears. (SeeBears.)Polar region: extent of our knowledge,iii. 86;a fabulous account,87–91;theory of a Polar Sea,255,257“Polaris:”Capt. Hall’s Arctic expedition,iii. 268;the ship run ashore,270Polaris Bay,iii. 107Polynesia, Map of the islands of the Pacific,i. 245Ponce de Leon, conqueror of Porto Rico and discoverer of Florida,iii. 314;search for a miraculous fountain,315;Tortugas discovered by him,ib.Pontoppidan, Bishop: the sea-serpent,iv. 184Porcupine, Scientific cruise of the,i. 30Port Elizabeth, Cape of Good Hope,i. 204Porter’s torpedo-boat,ii. 153,154Port Fleetwood lighthouse,ii. 182Port Foulke, Dr. Hayes’ winter quarters,iii. 256Port Jackson, Australia,i. 152,154Portland: fortifications,ii. 195;the Verne,196Portland Breakwater: convict labour,ii. 191,193,195Port Philip, South Australia,i. 155Port Royal, Jamaica,i. 183Port Saïd,i. 110,113Portsmouth, Mutiny at,i. 225,251Port of Spain, Trinidad,i. 179Port Stanley, Falkland Islands,i. 176,178Portuguese exploration: King John of Portugal and Bartholomew Diaz,iii. 281,284;Columbus,284;Vasco da Gama,298Portuguese man-of-war,iv. 119Portuguez the pirate,iii. 13;his escape,13,14Possession Island, Australia,i. 152;iii. 280Prahus of the Malay Archipelago,i. 149Prairie on fire,iv. 22Prairie schooners,iv. 18,22Prawns,iv. 157Praya diphyes, a Medusa,iv. 117“President,”devoted to the Naval Artillery Volunteers,i. 234Press-gangs,i. 43Pricket, Abacuk: his account of the mutiny against and abandonment of Hudson,iii. 147Primrose, Joseph, a minister on board the“Polly”: his trials,i. 223Prince Royal, built for James II.,ii. 22“Princess Alice”lost in the Thames,iv. 282“Princess Alice”on Goodwin Sands,ii. 251Pringle, Admiral: mutiny at the Cape,i. 256Printing presses in Arctic ships,iii. 103Protozoa,iv. 111Pteropoda,iv. 139,142Puerto Bello taken by the pirate Morgan,iii. 33Pullen, Captain: search for Franklin in theHerald,iii. 211;in theNorth Star,213Pullman railway car,iv. 16Purpura lapillus: a univalve shell,iv. 145Quarles, Francis; lines on the sea,iv. 290Quatrefages, M.: the lighthouse of Héhaux, Brittany,ii. 178;Hydrozoa,iv. 118Queen Charlotte’s Island,i. 167“Quieda Merchant,”Moorish ship, taken by Captain Kidd,iii. 57
Nagasaki,i. 129Nanaimo, Vancouver Island,i. 168Napoleon I. at St. Helena,i. 212Napoleon III.: introduction of ironclad war ships,i. 18“Napoleon,”steam screw, constructed by Dupuy Delorme,i. 226Nares, Sir George S.: cruise of theChallenger,i. 29;cairns erected by him,iii. 97,99;expedition of theAlertandDiscovery,99–114;portrait,iii. 85Natal,i. 211Naukum, a native of Plover Bay,i. 138Nautilus,iv. 143,149Naval architecture, History of,i. 258Naval cadets, Training of,i. 47Naval flags of the world,ii. 1Naval service: officer’s life on board,i. 214Navigation Act passed by Cromwell,ii. 30Navy office established by Henry VIII.,i. 282Negrelli, M. de: his co-operation with M. de Lesseps in the Suez Canal,i. 111Negroes in the West Indies,i. 183,185,188Nelson, Lord: his glorious career,i. 7,9,10;as a model commander; Trafalgar,227;career and anecdotes of,ii. 71;his encounter with the bear,73;Calvi and Bastia, loss of his eye,ib.;Battle of the Nile, burning of“L’Orient,”74;coffin presented to him,ib.;rewards,75,77;Battle of Copenhagen,65,75;portrait,76;his body taken to Gibraltar,i. 96Nelson’s bridge at the battle of St. Vincent,i. 8Nevada, Silver mines at,iv. 26“New Albion,”California so named by Drake,i. 312Newfoundland: possession taken by Sir Humphrey Gilbert,i. 318;Captain Roberts the pirate at,iii. 63Newhaven,iv. 231“New Holland,”early name for West Australia,i. 151New South Wales, so named by Captain Cook,i. 152Newspapers in America,iv. 27;in Arctic ships,iii. 170New York,i. 195–198;map of the harbour,195;Brooklyn Bridge,196;the Broadway,197;ferry-boats,ib.;climate,198;view of New York Bay,iv. 12New York to Chicago by rail,iv. 14New Zealand: Auckland, North, Middle, and Stewart’s Islands,iv. 48;gold-fields,50;war with the Maories,51Niagara,iv. 14;the first submarine Atlantic telegraph cable,101,102Nicaragua: Lolonois the pirate at,iii. 28Nicuesa, Diego de: his expedition to America,iii. 307;his release from his creditors,309;quarrel with Ojeda,311;fight with Indians,ib.Nino’s voyage to America,iii. 303Noah’s ark,i. 258;iv. 56Noddies and boobies taken by Bligh: mutiny of theBounty,i. 243,244Noel, Commander R.N.: on torpedoes,ii. 152Nombre de Dios, attacked by Drake,i. 302Nordenskjöld, Professor: discovery of the north-east passage,iii. 159;his Swedish Arctic expeditions,257;his six Arctic voyages,274;accomplishment of the north-east passage,ib.;the“Vega,”ib.Nore, mutiny of the,i. 249,251–256Norfolk: sketches of the sea coast,iv. 247–251Norman ships,i. 266,268North American naval station,i. 108North Cape,iii. 169North-east passage: early voyages for discovering the,iii. 115–123,129,151;the passage made by Professor Nordenskjöld,274;north-eastern voyages of the Dutch,129“Northfleet,”wreck of the,ii. 260,263–267North polar regions, map,iii. 89North Pole: expeditions to approach it,iii. 87;projected passage over the Pole,144,151North Star, search for Franklin,iii. 213North-west passage,iii. 142,143;reward offered by Government for its discovery,154,155;Sir John Ross’s expedition,163,205;discovered by Sir John Franklin,206;found by Maclure,212Northumberland, Duke of: his interest in the Lifeboat,ii. 211;his prizes,213Northumberland, Napoleon I. on board the,i. 213Norwegians, Arctic voyages of the Vikings,iii. 115,116Norwegian ships, ancient,i. 90Norwegian ships, sanitary arrangements,ii. 120“Novara”(Austrian frigate), deep-sea soundings,i. 28Nova Zembla, Gerrit de Veer’s Map,iii. 131;Barents at,133,137;Henry Hudson at,146Oar-weed,iv. 200Ocean, the, its Living Wonders,iv. 111–158.(SeeAtlanticandPacific.)Ocean, Lord Collingwood’s ship, in a storm,i. 105Octopus,iv. 148Officer’s life on board a man-of-war,i. 214Officers of East Indiamen, their privileges,ii. 14Ojeda, Alonzo de, a follower of Columbus: voyages to America,iii. 301,304;imprisoned by Ocampo,306;his escape,305,306;another voyage,309;fight with Indians,310,311;quarrel with Nicuesa,ib.;wounded by Indians,312;his strange adventures and death,312,313,314Old and young ice. (SeeIce.)Ommaney, Capt., search for Franklin in theAssistance,iii. 207Onions in Bermuda,i. 190Opium-eating and smoking,iv. 38Orellana, Don Josef Pizarro attacked by him,ii. 48“Orient,”steam-ship,iv. 3Osborn, Admiral Sherard, on the loss of theCaptain,i. 58;his advocacy of Polar Exploration,iii. 92;his biography of Franklin,206;search for Franklin in thePioneer,207,208,210Ostrich farming in South Africa,i. 210Otaheite, the crew of theBountyat,i. 236,238Ounimak Pass, Aleutian Islands,i. 171Owen, Professor R., F.R.S., on the Sea-serpent,iv. 187,188Oxenham, John, his connection with Drake,i. 303;his embarkation on the Pacific Ocean,304;executed at Lima,305Oysters, British, mentioned by Juvenal,i. 262;natural history and cultivation,iv. 130–138;dredging for oysters,137.(SeePearl Oysters.)Pacific Ocean, its depth and other characteristics,i. 28;Map of Islands,245;discovered by Balboa,303;Drake’s first view of it,289,302;seen by the pirate Morgan,iii. 47;storm in 1865,i. 139;“patent smoke-stack,”ib.Pacific Ferry, The: San Francisco to Japan and China,iv. 31–40;to New Zealand and Australia,45–55Pacific Naval Station,i. 156Pacific Railway, Life on the,iv. 19;scene in the Sierra Nevada mountains,20;snow-shed,29“Pacific”steamer lost,ii. 108Paddle-boats, History of,ii. 77,78Padstow, Wreck at,iv. 221Paléocapa, M.: his co-operation with M. de Lesseps in the Suez Canal,i. 111Palos: departure of Columbus on his first voyage,iii. 293Panama,i. 171;taken and burnt by the pirate Morgan,iii. 47–49;Spanish ships taken by the pirate Sawkins,iii. 51–54;view of the town,52Panama, Isthmus of, Drake at the,i. 303Pandorasent to find the mutineers of theBounty,i. 244;the ship wrecked,246“Pandora,”Cruise of the,iii. 91–99Papin: propulsion of ships,ii. 80Paraguayan torpedo blowing up a Brazilian ironclad,ii. 154Parahelia, or mock suns,iii. 132Parker, Richard, ringleader of the mutiny of the Nore,i. 252–256;hanged,256Parker, Sir Peter: mutiny at Spithead,i. 250Parma, Prince of, in the Spanish Armada,i. 284,286,290Parr, Lieutenant, his arrival on board theAlert,iii. 113Parry, Sir. W. E.: Arctic expedition,iii. 163,168,170;boat and sledge expedition,178;career after his Arctic voyages,184;his death,185Parsees,i. 118Pasley, Colonel: raising of theRoyal George,i. 62Patagonia, Drake in,i. 308Payer, Lieutenant Julius, Arctic expedition of the“Germania”and“Hansa,”iii. 259;his discovery of coal in the Arctic regions,267;Austro-Hungarian Arctic expedition in the“Tegethoff,”271;two years on an ice-floe,ib.;sledge expedition,272;discovery of Franz Josef Land,ib.;fall of sledge into a crevasse,273Payerne’s“Submarine Hydrostats,”iv. 86Peace, Men of: naval life in peace times; the cruise of theChallenger,i. 28Pearls from America taken to Spain,iii. 303Pearl, Commodore Anson’s ship,ii. 46,50Pearl oysters: pearls, real and artificial,iv. 67,68,69;history and practice of the pearl fishery,70Pearson, Captain, his ship taken by Paul Jones,iii. 77Peat-bogs, Falkland islands,i. 177Pemmican: an Arctic dinner,iii. 210;mode of preparing,216Penguins and their eggs,i. 40,41,177;iii. 280Penny, Captain W., search for Franklin in the“Lady Franklin,”iii. 207,210Pensioners, Greenwich,iv. 286Penzance,iv. 219Perez, Father, his support of the plans of Columbus,iii. 286Perils of the Sailor’s Life,i. 54,67Perim Island, in the Red Sea,i. 117Perrault, the Canadian voyageur, dividing his store with Richardson and his crew,iii. 192Peru,i. 172Peter the Great: at Amsterdam,ii. 33–38;portrait,33;in England,38–41;receiving a deputation,36;Saye’s Court,39;rise of St. Petersburg,41Petersen, Christian, with Captain Nares in theAlert;his illness and death,iii. 105;the“Fox”Arctic expedition,216,218,220,227,236,241,252Petropaulovski,i. 131,132;Avatcha Bay,131;scenery,131,134,137;town attacked by the allied fleets,132;double wedding,135Pett, Phineas: his improvements in war ships,i. 232;thePrince Royal,ii. 22;Royal Sovereign,29Phillip, Captain, his voyage to Botany Bay,i. 152Phipps, Captain, his Arctic voyage,iii. 154Phipps, William, a fortunate diver,iv. 80Phœnician fleets,i. 259Phœnician remains in Malta,i. 103Pholades, rock-borers,iv. 203Phosphorescence of the sea,iv. 96,97Physalia,iv. 119,120,121Pierre le Grand, the pirate,iii. 7;Spanish admiral’s ship taken by him,8,9,12Pigeons: pigeon despatched by Sir John Ross,iii. 211“Pigeon English”in China,i. 126;“Chinook jargon,”167Pilchards: the pilchard fishery,iv. 173,216Pillars of Hercules,i. 87Pim, Lieut., of theResolute, his meeting with Captain Maclure,iii. 213Pindar, his reference to the sea,i. 2Pinto, Fernando Mendez, shipwrecked in Japan,i. 129Pinzon, Vincente Yanez, his voyage to America,iii. 303Pioneer, the search for Franklin,iii. 207,210Pipe-fish,iv. 162,164Pipon, Capt., his discovery of the survivors of theBounty,i. 247,248Piracy,ii. 235;pirates at Singapore,i. 146;Scotch pirates in the 15th century,279;Barbary pirates,ii. 42;Drake as a pirate,i. 309;the Earl of Cumberland,291–295;Captains Quelch and Bellamy, and others,ii. 63;“Black Beard”the pirate,ib.;“The Pirates and Bucaniers,”iii. 1–59;their early history,2;Captain Jennings,3;Esquemeling’s account of the bucaniers,ib.;pirate vessels, 17th century,4;their mode of dividing spoils,11,45;“Pirates of the 18th century,”59–71;female pirates, Mary Read and Anne Bonney,iii. 69;Shakespeare’s allusions to pirates,iv. 294,295Pitcairn Island: survivors and descendants of the mutiny of theBounty,i. 247–249Pitt, William, of Jamaica, his song on sailors,i. 42Pittsburg,iv. 14Pizarro, Francisco, voyage with Ojeda,iii. 309Pizarro, Don Josef: disasters of his fleet,ii. 47Plagues in the 14th and 15th centuries,i. 91Plimsoll, Samuel: portrait,ii. 112;unseaworthy ships; his efforts,ii. 113Plover: search for Sir John Franklin, Plover Bay,i. 138:iii. 156,207,211;village at Plover Bay,156Plymouth,iv. 224Plymouth Adventurers,ii. 11Plymouth Breakwater,ii. 192Plymouth men lost in theCaptain,i. 55Pniel, South Africa, diamond fields,i. 210Poe, Edgar Allan, his story of a descent into the Maelström,iv. 94Poets on the Sea, the Sailor, and the Ship,iv. 290–304Point-à-Pitre, Guadaloupe,i. 186Polar bears. (SeeBears.)Polar region: extent of our knowledge,iii. 86;a fabulous account,87–91;theory of a Polar Sea,255,257“Polaris:”Capt. Hall’s Arctic expedition,iii. 268;the ship run ashore,270Polaris Bay,iii. 107Polynesia, Map of the islands of the Pacific,i. 245Ponce de Leon, conqueror of Porto Rico and discoverer of Florida,iii. 314;search for a miraculous fountain,315;Tortugas discovered by him,ib.Pontoppidan, Bishop: the sea-serpent,iv. 184Porcupine, Scientific cruise of the,i. 30Port Elizabeth, Cape of Good Hope,i. 204Porter’s torpedo-boat,ii. 153,154Port Fleetwood lighthouse,ii. 182Port Foulke, Dr. Hayes’ winter quarters,iii. 256Port Jackson, Australia,i. 152,154Portland: fortifications,ii. 195;the Verne,196Portland Breakwater: convict labour,ii. 191,193,195Port Philip, South Australia,i. 155Port Royal, Jamaica,i. 183Port Saïd,i. 110,113Portsmouth, Mutiny at,i. 225,251Port of Spain, Trinidad,i. 179Port Stanley, Falkland Islands,i. 176,178Portuguese exploration: King John of Portugal and Bartholomew Diaz,iii. 281,284;Columbus,284;Vasco da Gama,298Portuguese man-of-war,iv. 119Portuguez the pirate,iii. 13;his escape,13,14Possession Island, Australia,i. 152;iii. 280Prahus of the Malay Archipelago,i. 149Prairie on fire,iv. 22Prairie schooners,iv. 18,22Prawns,iv. 157Praya diphyes, a Medusa,iv. 117“President,”devoted to the Naval Artillery Volunteers,i. 234Press-gangs,i. 43Pricket, Abacuk: his account of the mutiny against and abandonment of Hudson,iii. 147Primrose, Joseph, a minister on board the“Polly”: his trials,i. 223Prince Royal, built for James II.,ii. 22“Princess Alice”lost in the Thames,iv. 282“Princess Alice”on Goodwin Sands,ii. 251Pringle, Admiral: mutiny at the Cape,i. 256Printing presses in Arctic ships,iii. 103Protozoa,iv. 111Pteropoda,iv. 139,142Puerto Bello taken by the pirate Morgan,iii. 33Pullen, Captain: search for Franklin in theHerald,iii. 211;in theNorth Star,213Pullman railway car,iv. 16Purpura lapillus: a univalve shell,iv. 145Quarles, Francis; lines on the sea,iv. 290Quatrefages, M.: the lighthouse of Héhaux, Brittany,ii. 178;Hydrozoa,iv. 118Queen Charlotte’s Island,i. 167“Quieda Merchant,”Moorish ship, taken by Captain Kidd,iii. 57
Nagasaki,i. 129Nanaimo, Vancouver Island,i. 168Napoleon I. at St. Helena,i. 212Napoleon III.: introduction of ironclad war ships,i. 18“Napoleon,”steam screw, constructed by Dupuy Delorme,i. 226Nares, Sir George S.: cruise of theChallenger,i. 29;cairns erected by him,iii. 97,99;expedition of theAlertandDiscovery,99–114;portrait,iii. 85Natal,i. 211Naukum, a native of Plover Bay,i. 138Nautilus,iv. 143,149Naval architecture, History of,i. 258Naval cadets, Training of,i. 47Naval flags of the world,ii. 1Naval service: officer’s life on board,i. 214Navigation Act passed by Cromwell,ii. 30Navy office established by Henry VIII.,i. 282Negrelli, M. de: his co-operation with M. de Lesseps in the Suez Canal,i. 111Negroes in the West Indies,i. 183,185,188Nelson, Lord: his glorious career,i. 7,9,10;as a model commander; Trafalgar,227;career and anecdotes of,ii. 71;his encounter with the bear,73;Calvi and Bastia, loss of his eye,ib.;Battle of the Nile, burning of“L’Orient,”74;coffin presented to him,ib.;rewards,75,77;Battle of Copenhagen,65,75;portrait,76;his body taken to Gibraltar,i. 96Nelson’s bridge at the battle of St. Vincent,i. 8Nevada, Silver mines at,iv. 26“New Albion,”California so named by Drake,i. 312Newfoundland: possession taken by Sir Humphrey Gilbert,i. 318;Captain Roberts the pirate at,iii. 63Newhaven,iv. 231“New Holland,”early name for West Australia,i. 151New South Wales, so named by Captain Cook,i. 152Newspapers in America,iv. 27;in Arctic ships,iii. 170New York,i. 195–198;map of the harbour,195;Brooklyn Bridge,196;the Broadway,197;ferry-boats,ib.;climate,198;view of New York Bay,iv. 12New York to Chicago by rail,iv. 14New Zealand: Auckland, North, Middle, and Stewart’s Islands,iv. 48;gold-fields,50;war with the Maories,51Niagara,iv. 14;the first submarine Atlantic telegraph cable,101,102Nicaragua: Lolonois the pirate at,iii. 28Nicuesa, Diego de: his expedition to America,iii. 307;his release from his creditors,309;quarrel with Ojeda,311;fight with Indians,ib.Nino’s voyage to America,iii. 303Noah’s ark,i. 258;iv. 56Noddies and boobies taken by Bligh: mutiny of theBounty,i. 243,244Noel, Commander R.N.: on torpedoes,ii. 152Nombre de Dios, attacked by Drake,i. 302Nordenskjöld, Professor: discovery of the north-east passage,iii. 159;his Swedish Arctic expeditions,257;his six Arctic voyages,274;accomplishment of the north-east passage,ib.;the“Vega,”ib.Nore, mutiny of the,i. 249,251–256Norfolk: sketches of the sea coast,iv. 247–251Norman ships,i. 266,268North American naval station,i. 108North Cape,iii. 169North-east passage: early voyages for discovering the,iii. 115–123,129,151;the passage made by Professor Nordenskjöld,274;north-eastern voyages of the Dutch,129“Northfleet,”wreck of the,ii. 260,263–267North polar regions, map,iii. 89North Pole: expeditions to approach it,iii. 87;projected passage over the Pole,144,151North Star, search for Franklin,iii. 213North-west passage,iii. 142,143;reward offered by Government for its discovery,154,155;Sir John Ross’s expedition,163,205;discovered by Sir John Franklin,206;found by Maclure,212Northumberland, Duke of: his interest in the Lifeboat,ii. 211;his prizes,213Northumberland, Napoleon I. on board the,i. 213Norwegians, Arctic voyages of the Vikings,iii. 115,116Norwegian ships, ancient,i. 90Norwegian ships, sanitary arrangements,ii. 120“Novara”(Austrian frigate), deep-sea soundings,i. 28Nova Zembla, Gerrit de Veer’s Map,iii. 131;Barents at,133,137;Henry Hudson at,146Oar-weed,iv. 200Ocean, the, its Living Wonders,iv. 111–158.(SeeAtlanticandPacific.)Ocean, Lord Collingwood’s ship, in a storm,i. 105Octopus,iv. 148Officer’s life on board a man-of-war,i. 214Officers of East Indiamen, their privileges,ii. 14Ojeda, Alonzo de, a follower of Columbus: voyages to America,iii. 301,304;imprisoned by Ocampo,306;his escape,305,306;another voyage,309;fight with Indians,310,311;quarrel with Nicuesa,ib.;wounded by Indians,312;his strange adventures and death,312,313,314Old and young ice. (SeeIce.)Ommaney, Capt., search for Franklin in theAssistance,iii. 207Onions in Bermuda,i. 190Opium-eating and smoking,iv. 38Orellana, Don Josef Pizarro attacked by him,ii. 48“Orient,”steam-ship,iv. 3Osborn, Admiral Sherard, on the loss of theCaptain,i. 58;his advocacy of Polar Exploration,iii. 92;his biography of Franklin,206;search for Franklin in thePioneer,207,208,210Ostrich farming in South Africa,i. 210Otaheite, the crew of theBountyat,i. 236,238Ounimak Pass, Aleutian Islands,i. 171Owen, Professor R., F.R.S., on the Sea-serpent,iv. 187,188Oxenham, John, his connection with Drake,i. 303;his embarkation on the Pacific Ocean,304;executed at Lima,305Oysters, British, mentioned by Juvenal,i. 262;natural history and cultivation,iv. 130–138;dredging for oysters,137.(SeePearl Oysters.)Pacific Ocean, its depth and other characteristics,i. 28;Map of Islands,245;discovered by Balboa,303;Drake’s first view of it,289,302;seen by the pirate Morgan,iii. 47;storm in 1865,i. 139;“patent smoke-stack,”ib.Pacific Ferry, The: San Francisco to Japan and China,iv. 31–40;to New Zealand and Australia,45–55Pacific Naval Station,i. 156Pacific Railway, Life on the,iv. 19;scene in the Sierra Nevada mountains,20;snow-shed,29“Pacific”steamer lost,ii. 108Paddle-boats, History of,ii. 77,78Padstow, Wreck at,iv. 221Paléocapa, M.: his co-operation with M. de Lesseps in the Suez Canal,i. 111Palos: departure of Columbus on his first voyage,iii. 293Panama,i. 171;taken and burnt by the pirate Morgan,iii. 47–49;Spanish ships taken by the pirate Sawkins,iii. 51–54;view of the town,52Panama, Isthmus of, Drake at the,i. 303Pandorasent to find the mutineers of theBounty,i. 244;the ship wrecked,246“Pandora,”Cruise of the,iii. 91–99Papin: propulsion of ships,ii. 80Paraguayan torpedo blowing up a Brazilian ironclad,ii. 154Parahelia, or mock suns,iii. 132Parker, Richard, ringleader of the mutiny of the Nore,i. 252–256;hanged,256Parker, Sir Peter: mutiny at Spithead,i. 250Parma, Prince of, in the Spanish Armada,i. 284,286,290Parr, Lieutenant, his arrival on board theAlert,iii. 113Parry, Sir. W. E.: Arctic expedition,iii. 163,168,170;boat and sledge expedition,178;career after his Arctic voyages,184;his death,185Parsees,i. 118Pasley, Colonel: raising of theRoyal George,i. 62Patagonia, Drake in,i. 308Payer, Lieutenant Julius, Arctic expedition of the“Germania”and“Hansa,”iii. 259;his discovery of coal in the Arctic regions,267;Austro-Hungarian Arctic expedition in the“Tegethoff,”271;two years on an ice-floe,ib.;sledge expedition,272;discovery of Franz Josef Land,ib.;fall of sledge into a crevasse,273Payerne’s“Submarine Hydrostats,”iv. 86Peace, Men of: naval life in peace times; the cruise of theChallenger,i. 28Pearls from America taken to Spain,iii. 303Pearl, Commodore Anson’s ship,ii. 46,50Pearl oysters: pearls, real and artificial,iv. 67,68,69;history and practice of the pearl fishery,70Pearson, Captain, his ship taken by Paul Jones,iii. 77Peat-bogs, Falkland islands,i. 177Pemmican: an Arctic dinner,iii. 210;mode of preparing,216Penguins and their eggs,i. 40,41,177;iii. 280Penny, Captain W., search for Franklin in the“Lady Franklin,”iii. 207,210Pensioners, Greenwich,iv. 286Penzance,iv. 219Perez, Father, his support of the plans of Columbus,iii. 286Perils of the Sailor’s Life,i. 54,67Perim Island, in the Red Sea,i. 117Perrault, the Canadian voyageur, dividing his store with Richardson and his crew,iii. 192Peru,i. 172Peter the Great: at Amsterdam,ii. 33–38;portrait,33;in England,38–41;receiving a deputation,36;Saye’s Court,39;rise of St. Petersburg,41Petersen, Christian, with Captain Nares in theAlert;his illness and death,iii. 105;the“Fox”Arctic expedition,216,218,220,227,236,241,252Petropaulovski,i. 131,132;Avatcha Bay,131;scenery,131,134,137;town attacked by the allied fleets,132;double wedding,135Pett, Phineas: his improvements in war ships,i. 232;thePrince Royal,ii. 22;Royal Sovereign,29Phillip, Captain, his voyage to Botany Bay,i. 152Phipps, Captain, his Arctic voyage,iii. 154Phipps, William, a fortunate diver,iv. 80Phœnician fleets,i. 259Phœnician remains in Malta,i. 103Pholades, rock-borers,iv. 203Phosphorescence of the sea,iv. 96,97Physalia,iv. 119,120,121Pierre le Grand, the pirate,iii. 7;Spanish admiral’s ship taken by him,8,9,12Pigeons: pigeon despatched by Sir John Ross,iii. 211“Pigeon English”in China,i. 126;“Chinook jargon,”167Pilchards: the pilchard fishery,iv. 173,216Pillars of Hercules,i. 87Pim, Lieut., of theResolute, his meeting with Captain Maclure,iii. 213Pindar, his reference to the sea,i. 2Pinto, Fernando Mendez, shipwrecked in Japan,i. 129Pinzon, Vincente Yanez, his voyage to America,iii. 303Pioneer, the search for Franklin,iii. 207,210Pipe-fish,iv. 162,164Pipon, Capt., his discovery of the survivors of theBounty,i. 247,248Piracy,ii. 235;pirates at Singapore,i. 146;Scotch pirates in the 15th century,279;Barbary pirates,ii. 42;Drake as a pirate,i. 309;the Earl of Cumberland,291–295;Captains Quelch and Bellamy, and others,ii. 63;“Black Beard”the pirate,ib.;“The Pirates and Bucaniers,”iii. 1–59;their early history,2;Captain Jennings,3;Esquemeling’s account of the bucaniers,ib.;pirate vessels, 17th century,4;their mode of dividing spoils,11,45;“Pirates of the 18th century,”59–71;female pirates, Mary Read and Anne Bonney,iii. 69;Shakespeare’s allusions to pirates,iv. 294,295Pitcairn Island: survivors and descendants of the mutiny of theBounty,i. 247–249Pitt, William, of Jamaica, his song on sailors,i. 42Pittsburg,iv. 14Pizarro, Francisco, voyage with Ojeda,iii. 309Pizarro, Don Josef: disasters of his fleet,ii. 47Plagues in the 14th and 15th centuries,i. 91Plimsoll, Samuel: portrait,ii. 112;unseaworthy ships; his efforts,ii. 113Plover: search for Sir John Franklin, Plover Bay,i. 138:iii. 156,207,211;village at Plover Bay,156Plymouth,iv. 224Plymouth Adventurers,ii. 11Plymouth Breakwater,ii. 192Plymouth men lost in theCaptain,i. 55Pniel, South Africa, diamond fields,i. 210Poe, Edgar Allan, his story of a descent into the Maelström,iv. 94Poets on the Sea, the Sailor, and the Ship,iv. 290–304Point-à-Pitre, Guadaloupe,i. 186Polar bears. (SeeBears.)Polar region: extent of our knowledge,iii. 86;a fabulous account,87–91;theory of a Polar Sea,255,257“Polaris:”Capt. Hall’s Arctic expedition,iii. 268;the ship run ashore,270Polaris Bay,iii. 107Polynesia, Map of the islands of the Pacific,i. 245Ponce de Leon, conqueror of Porto Rico and discoverer of Florida,iii. 314;search for a miraculous fountain,315;Tortugas discovered by him,ib.Pontoppidan, Bishop: the sea-serpent,iv. 184Porcupine, Scientific cruise of the,i. 30Port Elizabeth, Cape of Good Hope,i. 204Porter’s torpedo-boat,ii. 153,154Port Fleetwood lighthouse,ii. 182Port Foulke, Dr. Hayes’ winter quarters,iii. 256Port Jackson, Australia,i. 152,154Portland: fortifications,ii. 195;the Verne,196Portland Breakwater: convict labour,ii. 191,193,195Port Philip, South Australia,i. 155Port Royal, Jamaica,i. 183Port Saïd,i. 110,113Portsmouth, Mutiny at,i. 225,251Port of Spain, Trinidad,i. 179Port Stanley, Falkland Islands,i. 176,178Portuguese exploration: King John of Portugal and Bartholomew Diaz,iii. 281,284;Columbus,284;Vasco da Gama,298Portuguese man-of-war,iv. 119Portuguez the pirate,iii. 13;his escape,13,14Possession Island, Australia,i. 152;iii. 280Prahus of the Malay Archipelago,i. 149Prairie on fire,iv. 22Prairie schooners,iv. 18,22Prawns,iv. 157Praya diphyes, a Medusa,iv. 117“President,”devoted to the Naval Artillery Volunteers,i. 234Press-gangs,i. 43Pricket, Abacuk: his account of the mutiny against and abandonment of Hudson,iii. 147Primrose, Joseph, a minister on board the“Polly”: his trials,i. 223Prince Royal, built for James II.,ii. 22“Princess Alice”lost in the Thames,iv. 282“Princess Alice”on Goodwin Sands,ii. 251Pringle, Admiral: mutiny at the Cape,i. 256Printing presses in Arctic ships,iii. 103Protozoa,iv. 111Pteropoda,iv. 139,142Puerto Bello taken by the pirate Morgan,iii. 33Pullen, Captain: search for Franklin in theHerald,iii. 211;in theNorth Star,213Pullman railway car,iv. 16Purpura lapillus: a univalve shell,iv. 145Quarles, Francis; lines on the sea,iv. 290Quatrefages, M.: the lighthouse of Héhaux, Brittany,ii. 178;Hydrozoa,iv. 118Queen Charlotte’s Island,i. 167“Quieda Merchant,”Moorish ship, taken by Captain Kidd,iii. 57