208taken,237Cū´ba, Columbus coasts along,49Spanish colony in,62Cŭl´pěp-per, Lord, Virginia granted to,156Cŭt´tў-hŭṉk Island, Gosnold at,86Dāle, governs Jamestown colony,97Dăn River, American army crosses,313Dā´rï-en, Isthmus of, settlement on,63Dar´rah, Lydia, anecdote about,276Dā´vis, discovers northwest passage,81D'Estaing (des-taN´), French fleet under,298De Goṳrgues, attacks Spaniards,75De Grässe, commander of French fleet,316De Kălb, death of,299joins Americans,263De MôNts, French settler,174De So´to, death of,69explorations of,68,69Dec-la-ra´tion of Independence,248-252Declaration of Rights, passed,222Deer´field, battle near,140Indian raid at,188Děl´a-wâre, purchased by Penn,150,152Delaware Bay, Hudson enters,103Delaware River, Fort Nassau built on,105forts on, taken by Howe,264Washington crosses,259,260Delaware Val´ley, owned by Dutch,143Dělfs-hä´ven, Pilgrims embark at,108De-troit´, Boone at,291garrison at, warned,214Dï-e=´go, Columbus's son,40Dïes´kau (-kow), French officer,209Din-wĭd´dĭe, governor of Virginia,196Dix´on and Ma´son line,153Dôr´ches-ter Heights, fortified,247Dō´ver, attacked by Indians,184burned,185settled,130DrākeFrancis, voyages of,81,82Duck´ing stool, mode of punishment,172Du´er, loyalty of,274Duquesne (doo-kān´), French governor,196Duquesne, Fort, abandoned by French,210British defeat at,207,208built,198Dŭs´tin, Hannah, story of,185-187Dutch, build Fort Orange,105build trading stations in Connecticut,131explorations of,102,103oppose Connecticut colonists,132regain New Amsterdam,146settlements of,105,143,144Ẽarth, discovery and shape of,32East River, Washington crosses,254Ē´den, Garden of,57Ed´ward, Fort, captured by Burgoyne,265E´ġypt,88Ěl Dō-rä´dō ("Land of Gold"), search for,68E-lec-trĭç´i-ty, discoveries in, by Franklin,205"El´e-ġy Written in a Country Churchyard," Gray's,211El´ĭ-ot, John, translates Bible into Indian language,126E-liz´a-beth, Queen, knights Drake,82Em´er-son, quoted,237En´dĭ-cott, John, influence of,122punishes Indians,132En´gland (ing-), Charles I. beheaded in,155claims New Netherlands,145,146Commonwealth in,134,155French and Indian War,198-213gains Canada,213gives Florida back to Spain,323Holland declares war against,146King George's War,189King-killers in,136King William's War,184,185Land grants of Charles II.,142Navigation Act passed,134,135passes Townshend Acts,224rebellion under James I.,160Restoration,166Revolutionary War,234-322Separatists leave,107Seven Year's War,210Stamp Act,219,220,223takes Virginia charter away,154treatment of colonies,214,232war of Austrian Succession,189war with Spain,81,165En´glish (ing-) Church, established by Henry VIII.,106English colonies. SeeSettlements.English explorations,60,80-85English settlements, in Boston,124in Carolina,162in Connecticut,132in Georgia,165in Maine,130in Maryland,152in Massachusetts,122in New England,111,125in North Carolina,85in Pennsylvania,147in Rhode Island,129in Virginia,87English Turn in the Mississippi,182Er´iċ the Red, discovers Greenland,27Es´kĭ-mōş, trade with Northmen,27Eū´rȯpe, civilization in fifteenth century,24,25inhabitants of,14Eū´ta:wSprings, battle of,314"Ē-văn´ġe-līne," Longfellow's,209Ex-plo-rā´tions, Dutch,103,105English,60,80-86French,71-74,174-179Portuguese,42,61Spanish,47-58,62-70Fair´fax, Lord, sends Washington as surveyor,193,194Făl´moŭth (Portland), burned,246Fan´euil Hall, meetings at,226"Father of Waters," Mississippi called,67,177Fire brigade, first in Philadelphia,205Fire water, Indians' name for rum,104First Continental Congress, at Philadelphia,229"Five intolerable acts",229Flag, American, adopted,268Flăm´bȯr-ōughHead, naval battle off,295Fletch´er, Governor, of Connecticut,169Flŏr´ĭ-da, De Soto explores,68discovered by Ponce de Leon,64French settlement in,74given back to Spain,323relinquished by Spain,213Spanish claim,74Spanish settlements in,102,105Fȯrbeş, British commander,210Fore´fathers' Day,112Fort Crè=ve-coēur, built,180Fort Duquesne (doo-kān´), British defeat at,207,208French abandon,210Fort Edward, captured by Burgoyne,265Fort Fron´te-năċ, destroyed,211Fort Griş´wold, seized,316Fort Lee, Americans at,255Greene leaves,257Fort Mo:ul´trīe, bombarded,247Fort Năs´sa:u, built,105,151settlers driven from,144Fort Ne-çes´si-ty, built,198Fort Ŏr´anġe, built,105Fort Sċhuў´ler, besieged,267Fort Stan´wix, besieged,267,268Fort Ti-con-der-ō´ga, captured by Burgoyne,265plan to capture,208surrender of,237Fort Wạsh´ing-ton, Americans hold,255capture of,256Fort Wil´liam Henry, seized,210Foun´taĭn of Youth, search for,64Fox, Charles J., British statesman,314Fox, George, leader of Quakers,130Fox River, Marquette and Joliet at,177France, acknowledges independence of United States,272and Spain, allies in Queen Anne's War,188at war with Spain,71French and Indian War,198-213King George's War,189,190King William's War,184,185Queen Anne's War,187Seven Years' War,210territory claimed by,181Frăṉk´lin, Benjamin, career of,199-205deputy postmaster-general,266draws up Declaration of Independence,250in First Continental Congress,229in France,262,272opposes Stamp Act,220plan of government of,206,218returns to Philadelphia,325scientific experiments of,205treats for peace,322Frā´şer, British general,269Fray Rä-mï´rez (-reth), Spanish priest,79Fred-er-ï´-ċa, battle of,166Fred´er-ick the Great, of Prussia,262French and Indian War,198-213Putnam's services in,231French, and Indians attack English settlers,184,185attacked by Natchez Indians,183build forts,196colonies of. SeeFrench settlements.explorations of,71-74,174-179in Canada,70-73marry Indians,176possessions of,183French Hū´ḡue-nots, murder of,102French settlements, along Great Lakes,188in Acadia,102,105,174in Carolina,74in Florida,74in Illinois,177in Louisiana,181in New Orleans,183in Quebec,174in Wisconsin,177Friends, colony of, in New World,147kindness of,149,150Quakers called,135Frōb´ish-er, explorations of,80,81Frŏn´te-năċ, Count, governor of Canada,184governor of New France,177La Salle confers with,181Frontenac, Fort, destroyed,211Gāġe, General, governor of Massachusetts,232,245sent to Boston,224wins battle of Bunker Hill,240Gas´pee Point,Gaspeeburned at,217Gātes, Burgoyne surrenders to,270defeated at Camden,299proposed as commander-in-chief,274supersedes Schuyler,269"Gate´way of the West," Ohio called,191General Court, in colonial government,125Ġěn´o-a, Columbus born at,36,37trading city,35Ġen-o-eşe´, seek new road to East,35George, Lake, battle of,209George I.,162George II., grants Georgia to Oglethorpe,165George III., offers Americans representation,272olive-branch petition sent to,232recognizes independence of the United States,322taxation of colonies,218Ġeôr´ġi-a, British driven out of,315conquered by British,297De Soto in,68not represented in First Continental Congress,229Ger´man settlement, in Germantown,150German soldiers, hired by British,245Ger´man-town, battle of,264Germans settle in,150Ġĭ-bra:l´tar, Strait of, Northmen at,25Ḡil´bert, Sir Hum´phrey, at Newfoundland,83Gĭst, trapper, accompanies Washington,196,197Gŏffe, flees to New Haven,136leads colonists against Indians,141Gold´en Hill, fight at,225Good Hope´, Cape of, discovered,42Ḡôr´ġěş, founds colony in Maine,130Gŏs´nold, discovers Cape Cod,86Gov´ern-ment of New England colonies,125Grand Can´yŏn of Colorado,68Great Charter of Virginia,101Great Lakes, missions established on,177Great Meadows, battle at,198Great Rebellion in Virginia,160Great South Sea, discovered,64Greeçe, seat of learning,32Green Bay, Marquette and Joliet at,177Green Mountain Boys, cut Burgoyne off from Canada,267march to Fort Ticonderoga,237Greene, General Nathanael, American commander,312defeated at Fort Washington,256defeated at Guilford Courthouse,314joins Morgan,313leaves Fort Lee,257Green´land, discovered,27Indians in,14Grěn´ville, British minister,223Grĭş´wold, Fort, seized,316Ḡuĭl´ford Courthouse, Greene defeated at,314Ḡuĭn´ēa, stories about,35Gulf Coast, explored,65,66Gulf of Mex´i-co, La Salle reaches,181Gulf of St Law´rence, French possessions on,213Gṳnn´biorn (byorn), discovers Greenland,27Hăck´en-săck, Washington at,257Hăd´ley, Indian attack at,141Hāi´tï, discovered by Columbus,50Spanish colony in,62Spanish mutiny at,57Hale, Nathan, death of,255Half-Moon, Hudson's ship,103Hăn´cock, John, at Lexington,234president of Second Continental Congress,238,250Härt´ford, Charter Oak in,168founded,132trading station at,131Här´vard College, origin of name,125Hăt´ter-as, Cape, explored,60Ha-văn´a, capture of,282Columbus's tomb at,59recovered by Spain,213Hā´ver-hīll, attack on,185Hawk´inş, introduces negro slavery into West Indies,80Hěn´ne-pin, Father, adventures of,180Hen´ry, Cape, named,87Henry, Patrick, speech of,221,231Henry VII., Columbus asks aid from,40sends expedition to America,60Henry VIII., establishes Anglican church,106,152Henry of Por´tū-gal, the navigator,35,36,39Hēr´kĭ-mer, General, victorious at Oriskany,267Hessian (hěsh´an) soldiers, hired by British,245Washington defeats,200,261His-pän-io´lä (-yō-) (Haiti), discovered by Columbus,50Hŏb´kirk Hill, battle of,314Hŏl´land, declares war against England,146Separatist colony in,107trading vessels sent from,104Hook´er, pastor, settles at Hartford,131Horn, Cape, Indians in,14Horse´neck, Putnam's escape at,284Hŏs´pĭ-tal, founded in Philadelphia,205House of Bur´ġes-ses,101,154,156,211,221House of Com´mons in England,219Howe, British general,239burns Charlestown,242captures Fort Washington,256captures forts on Delaware,264defeats Americans at Brandywine,264detained by Mrs. Murray,254,255in New York,256plans to surprise Washington,275returns to England,277takes Philadelphia,264wins battle of Long Island,253Howe, Lord, proclamation of,252Hŭd´son Bay, discovered,105land around, ceded to British,138Hudson, Henry, explorations of,103,105imprisoned by English,104Hudson Valley, British attempt to seize,207claimed by French,184owned by Dutch,143Hū´ḡue-nots, go to America,73,74massacre of,74,102,174Hutch´in-son, Mrs. Anne, preaching of,129,130slain,143Ï-ber-vïlle´, builds Biloxi,182Ice´land, discovered by Northmen,25Ice-lan´dic discovery,27Il-lĭ-nois´, forts captured in,288visited by priests,177Illinois River, La Salle explores,180,181Marquette and Joliet explore,179In-de-pend´ence Bell,250