Chapter 30

158.On the testimony of a native Syrian of wide experience in the region referred to.

159.W. Robertson Smith’sReligion of the Semites, p. 319.

160.Strassmaier Nabuchodonosor, No. 183.

161.Dieulafoy’s“L’art antique de la Perse;”cited in Babelon’sManual of Oriental Antiquities, p. 152.

162.SeeThe Times(London) for July 12, 1894.

163.See Hopkins’sReligions of India, p. 361, note.

164.In a personal letter to the Author.

165.Exod. 32 : 26.

166.Judg. 19 : 25–30.

167.Ruth 4 : 1–10.

168.2 Sam. 15 : 2–4.

169.2 Sam. 19 : 8.

170.Jer. 38 : 7–9.

171.Dan. 2 : 49.

172.Prov. 8 : 34.

173.Amos 5 : 15.

174.Zech. 8 : 16.

175.Isa. 29 : 21.

176.Luke 16 : 19, 20.

177.Acts 3 : 3, 10.

178.Exod. 21 : 5, 6.

179.Deut. 14 : 17.

180.Gen. 22 : 17.

181.Matt. 16 : 18.

182.Isa. 24 : 12.

183.In a personal letter to the Author.

184.See Finn’sStirring Times, I., 102 f.

185.A.M. Luncz, inJerushalayim, p. 17.

186.Home and Synagogue of the Modern Jew, p. 30.

187.Nineveh and its Remains(Am. ed.), II., 202.

188.Ancient Egyptians, I., 346, 361 f.

189.Comp. Deut. 6 : 9 and 20 : 5.

190.See art. “Mezuza,” by Ginsburg, in Kitto’sCycl. of Bib. Lit.

191.Psa. 121 : 8.

192.See art. “Mezuza,” by Ginsburg, in Kitto’sCycl. of Bib. Lit.

193.See, for example,Memoirs of Survey of Western Palestine, I., 230–234, 257 f., 398–402, 407 f., 416 f.

194.The Land and the Book, I., 140 f.

195.See Sir Robert Ker Porter’sTravels, I., 440.

196.See, for example, Perrot and Chipiez’sHist. of Art in Persia, pp. 127, 129, 294, 357; also, Benjamin’sPersia and the Persians, pp. 17, 58, 61.

197.Doolittle’sSocial Life of the Chinese, II., 75, 310 f.

198.Williams’sMiddle Kingdom, I., 731.

199.Adele M. Fielde’sPagoda Shadows, p. 88.

200.Gray’sChina, II., 271. Comp. with p. 8.

201.Hearn’sGlimpses of Unfamiliar Japan, II., 397; also, Isabella Bird’sUnbeaten Tracks in Japan, II., 287.

202.See Becker’sCharicles, p. 260, with citations; also, Guhl and Koner’sLife of the Greeks and Romans, p. 80.

203.Becker’sCharicles, p. 487.

204.Theocritus,IdylII., 63.

205.See articles “Ara” and “Janua,” in Smith’sDict. of Greek and Roman Antiquities, with reference to classical authorities.

206.See Réville’sNative Religions of Mexico and Peru, p. 183.

207.See Rowan in “Ximenes,” p. 183; cited in Spencer’sDes. Soc., II., 22.

208.Aubrey’s “Miscellanies;” cited inGentleman’s Magazinefor 1823, Pt. II., p. 412.

209.SeeGentleman’s Magazinefor 1867, Pt. I., pp. 307–322.

210.See p.62f.,supra.

211.Heth and Moab, p. 275 f.

212.A.M. Luncz, inJerushalayim, p. 19.

213.On the testimony of the Rev. W. Ewing, a missionary in Palestine.

214.InZeitschrift des Deutschen Palæstina Vereins, VIII., 335 ff.

215.See De Amicis’sConstantinople, p. 185.

216.One of these old-time prayer-rugs with the open hand embroidered on it, is in the possession of Dr. Hilprecht.

217.See Morier’sSecond Journey through Persia, pp. 75–184.

218.Rosenmüller’sDas Alte und Neue Morgenland, II., 92 f.

219.See, for example, Perrot and Chipiez’sHistory of Art in Phœnicia, I., 54, 263.

220.De Hesse-Wartegg’sTunis: The Land and the People, p. 127.

221.On the testimony of Professor Dr. Morris Jastrow, Jr.

222.Gen. 11 : 31; 15 : 7.

223.Perrot and Chipiez’sHist. of Art in Chald. and Assy., I., 38; see, also, p. 84.

224.Ibid., I., 203.

225.Sayce’sSocial Life among the Assyrians and Babylonians, p. 52 f.

226.Perrot and Chipiez’sHist. of Art. in Chald. and Assy., I., p. 196. See, also, pp. 87, 143, 212; II., 99, 111, 169, 211, 215, 227, 231, 257, 261, 266, 267, 273, 275, 279. See, also,Collection de Clercq, passim.

227.Perrot and Chipiez’sHist. of Art in Phœnicia, I., 53, 54, 69, 320; II., 61, 113, 161, 228, 247, 248, 255, 257.

228.Wilkinson’sAnc. Egypt, III., 3, 8, 24, 48, 53, 100, 192, 208, 218, 228, 232, 235, 240, 362, 370, 425.

229.Ibid., III., 53.

230.Mason’sStatistical Account or Parochial Survey of Ireland, II., 322.

231.Stephens’sIncidents of Travel in Yucatan, I., 177 f.

232.Gen. 14 : 22.

233.Psa. 63 : 4.

234.Isa. 49 : 22.

235.Comp. Exod. 6 : 8; Num. 14 : 30; Neh. 9 : 15.

236.See Tallquist’sDie Sprache Contracte Nabû-Nâ’ido, p. 108.

237.See Gesenius’sHeb. Lex., s. v. “Nasa.”

238.See, for example, Exod. 3 : 19; 13 : 3, 14, 16; 32 : 11; Deut. 3 : 24; 4 : 34; 5 : 15; 6 : 21; 7 : 8, 19; 9 : 26; 11 : 2, etc.; 2 Chron. 6 : 32; Ezek. 20 : 34; Dan. 9 : 15.

239.Ellis’sPolynesian Researches, II., 207, illustration.

240.Stephens’sIncidents of Travels in Yucatan, II., 46 f.

241.Stephens’sIncidents of Travel in Yucatan, Appendix, II., 476–478.

242.Ibid., II., 477.

243.See Gen. 49 : 8–17; Num. 27 : 22 f.; Acts 4 : 4; 6 : 6; 8 : 18; 13 : 3; 19 : 6; Heb. 6 : 2; 1 Tim. 4 : 14.

244.See, for example, “a scene in the hypostyle hall at Lûxor,” in Maspero’sDawn of Civilization, p. 111.; also, illustration in Perrot and Chipiez’sHist. of Art in Anc. Egypt, I., 45.

245.Catlin’s “Eight Years amongst the North American Indians,” II., pp. 5–7; cited in Donaldson’sGeorge Catlin Indian Gallery, p. 263.

246.In a personal letter to the Author.

247.See Bourke’sMedicine Men of the Apaches, Ninth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology.

248.Variae nationes, inter quas Americæ aborigines sunt, sanguinem menstrualem sacrissimum atque in eo boni malique vim esse putant, quia non solum modo omnis sanguinis vita ipsa sit, sed vitae humanae germina vel ova quibus species hominum transmittuntur in se contineat. Quod quam verum sit quantamque vim ad foedieris liminis notionem principalem intellegendam habeat infra videtur.For illustrations of this truth see H. Ploss’sDas Weib in der Natur. und Völkerkunde(2d ed.), I., chap. 39; Strack’sDer Blutaberglaube(4th ed.), pp. 14–18; Spivak’sMenstruation, pp. 6–12; and Frazer’sGolden Bough, I., 170; II., 225–240. These illustrations are gathered from Asia, Africa, Europe, America, and the Islands of the Sea; and they include citations from Pliny, the Talmud, the Christian Fathers, medieval writers, and down to writers of this century.“Apud populum Novæ Zelandæ creditur sanguinem utero sub tempus menstruale effusum continere germina hominis; et secundum præcepta veteris superstitionis panniculus sanguine menstruali imbutus habebatur sacer (tapu), haud aliter quam si formam humanam accepisset. Mulierum autem mos est hos panniculos intra juncos parietum abdere: et hâc de causâ paries est domûs pars adeo sacra ut nemo illi innixus sedere audeat. Opinio animis N. Zelandorum insita–nempe sanguinem menstruum germina humanæ speciei continere–opinionibus hodiernis convenit: multi enim physiologiæ scientissimi credunt rumpi vesiculam gräafianam, et ex illâ ova delabi circa tempora menstrualia.”–Shortland’sTraditions and Superstitions of the New Zealanders, p. 292.

For illustrations of this truth see H. Ploss’sDas Weib in der Natur. und Völkerkunde(2d ed.), I., chap. 39; Strack’sDer Blutaberglaube(4th ed.), pp. 14–18; Spivak’sMenstruation, pp. 6–12; and Frazer’sGolden Bough, I., 170; II., 225–240. These illustrations are gathered from Asia, Africa, Europe, America, and the Islands of the Sea; and they include citations from Pliny, the Talmud, the Christian Fathers, medieval writers, and down to writers of this century.

“Apud populum Novæ Zelandæ creditur sanguinem utero sub tempus menstruale effusum continere germina hominis; et secundum præcepta veteris superstitionis panniculus sanguine menstruali imbutus habebatur sacer (tapu), haud aliter quam si formam humanam accepisset. Mulierum autem mos est hos panniculos intra juncos parietum abdere: et hâc de causâ paries est domûs pars adeo sacra ut nemo illi innixus sedere audeat. Opinio animis N. Zelandorum insita–nempe sanguinem menstruum germina humanæ speciei continere–opinionibus hodiernis convenit: multi enim physiologiæ scientissimi credunt rumpi vesiculam gräafianam, et ex illâ ova delabi circa tempora menstrualia.”–Shortland’sTraditions and Superstitions of the New Zealanders, p. 292.

249.Landor’sCorea or Cho-sen, p. 156.

250.Orme’sHist. of Milit. Trans. of British in Indostan, V., 348.

251.Maspero’sLife in Anc. Egypt and Assyria, pp. 198–200.

252.Ibid., p. 204.

253.Ibid., p. 220.

254.Roberts’sOriental Illustrations of the Scriptures, p. 148 f.

255.Williams’sMiddle Kingdom, I., 731.

256.See McDowell’s “A New Light on the Chinese,” inHarper’s Magazinefor Dec., 1893, with illustration of “The Gods of the Threshold.”

257.Isabella Bird’sUnbeaten Tracks in Japan, I., 117, 273.

258.Wilkinson’sManners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians, I., 362 f., and note.

259.See Tertullian “On Idolatry,” and “On the Soldier’s Chaplet,” inAnte-Nicene Christian Library, XI., 164 f., 353.

260.Tr. Rowan, in “Ximenes,” p. 183; cited in Spencer’sDescrip. Soc., II., 22.

261.Darmesteter’s translation ofZend Avesta, in “Sacred Books of the East,” IV., 12, note.

262.De Coulange’sAncient City, pp. 32–35, 46 f.

263.Compare Friedrich Delitzsch’sAssyrisches Handwörterbuch, s. v. “Êkallu.”

264.Wilkinson’sEgyptians in the Times of the Pharaohs, p. 141.

265.Erman’sLife in Ancient Egypt, p. 279 f.

266.Guhl and Koner’sLife of the Greeks and Romans, p. 297.

267.See, for example,Odyssey, VII., 80.

268.Perrot and Chipiez’sHist. of Art in Persia, pp. 240–254.

269.Comp. Gen. 18 : 1–9, and Exod. 26 : 1–14; 39 : 32, etc.

270.Douglas’sSociety in China, p. 343.

271.See Chamberlain’sThings Japanese, pp. 37, 226 f., 378; Griffis’sMikado’s Empire, p. 90; Isabella Bird’sUnbeaten Tracks in Japan, II., 282.

272.Turner’sSamoa, pp. 18–20.

273.Maspero’sDawn of Civilization, p. 703 f.

274.See Fergusson’sRude Stone Monuments, pp. 100, 411–413.

275.Gen. 11 : 1–9.

276.See Mühlau and Volck’s Gesenius’sHeb. und Aram. Handwörterbuch(12th ed.), s. v. “Babel;” also Schrader, in Richon’sDict. of Bib. Antiq.(2d ed.).

277.See Brugsch’sEgypt under the Pharaohs, I., 63; also, Erman’sLife in Ancient Egypt, p. 58.

278.See Perrot and Chipiez’sHistory of Art in Chal. and Assy., II., 72.

279.See Count de Gobineau’sLes Religions et les Philosophies dans l’Asie Centrale; also Browne’sYear among the Persians, and Traveller’s Narrative to Illustrate the Episode of the Bab.

280.Bibliothèque Orientale, s. v. “Bab.”

281.John 10 : 9.

282.See, for example, Griffis’sMikado’s Empire, p. 419; Isabella Bird’sUnbeaten Tracks in Japan, I., 295 f.; II., 367 f.; Gray’sChina, I., 90; Fergusson’sRude Stone Monuments, p. 413.

283.See Chamberlain’sThings Japanese, p. 429 f.; and, Lowell’sChosön, pp. 262–266, for a fuller explanation of the origin and signification of this primitive entrance way.

284.See, for example, Douglas’sSociety in China, p. 411; Isabella Bird’sUnbeaten Tracks in Japan, I., 64; Fergusson’sTree and Serpent Worship, frontispiece, plates iv-ix, xxi.

285.See Maspero’sDawn of Civilization, p. 656.

286.Ibid., p. 569. The doorway in the engraving from the intaglio is clearly one of the doorway shrines, with the guardians of the doorway on either side, and not, as has been supposed, an opening into the ark.

287.Maspero’sDawn of Civilization, pp. 657, 662, 759, 762; also Perrot and Chipiez’sHist. of Art in Chal. and Assy., I., 203, 212; II., 95, 163, 210, 211.

288.Ibid., II., facing p. 212.

289.Perrot and Chipiez’sHist. of Art in Chal. and Assy., II., 231; Perrot and Chipiez’sHist. of Art in Phœnicia and Cyprus, I., 9. See, also, note in Rawlinson’sHerodotus, II., pp. 148–151.

290.Wilkinson’sAnc. Egypt, III., 349; Erman’sLife in Anc. Egypt, pp. 274, 283; and Maspero’sDawn of Civilization, pp. 189, 239.

291.Erman’sLife in Anc. Egypt, p. 311; Maspero’sDawn of Civilization, pp. 237, 250, 253, 262, 316, 413.

292.Erman’sLife in Anc. Egypt, p. 314. See, also, illustrations in Perrot and Chipiez’sHist. of Art in Anc. Egypt, I., 131, 140, 175.

293.Erman’sLife in Anc. Egypt, p. 319.

294.Perrot and Chipiez’sHist. of Art in Phœnicia and Cyprus, I., 256; II., 31, 57, 147, 178.

295.Ibid., I., 53, 54.

296.Ibid., I., 287; II., 147.

297.Ibid., I., 264, 321.

298.Ibid., I., 320.

299.Bent’sSacred City of the Ethiopians, pp. 185–193.

300.See, for example, Fergusson’sRude Stone Monuments, pp. 100, 168 f., 217, 233, 335, 337, 344, 385, 388, 398–401, 411–413, 441, 464, 468, 484, 532.

301.See illustrations in Sherrin’sEarly History of New Zealand, pp. 406, 514, 648.

302.Bancroft’sNative Races, IV., 481.

303.See, for example, Williams’sMiddle Kingdom, I., frontispiece; Gray’sChina, I., 11 f.

304.See citation in Bonomi’sNineveh and its Palaces(2d ed.), pp. 157–160, 174.

305.Ibid.

306.Nineveh and its Remains(Am. ed.), II., 202.

307.Assyrian Discoveries, pp. 75, 78, 429.

308.Chaldean Magic, pp. 47, 48, 54.

309.See, for example, 1 Sam. 29 : 6; 2 Sam. 3 : 25; 2 Kings 19 : 27; Psa. 121 : 7, 8; Isa. 37 : 28; Ezek. 43 : 11.

310.See references to the Mezuza of the Hebrews at page69f.,supra.

311.Grotefend Cylinder, Col. I., ll. 44–46. See, also, Rawlinson’sCuneiform Inscriptions of Western Asia, Vol. I., p. 65, Col. I., ll. 19–21.

312.East India House Inscription, Col. III., ll. 48–50.

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