Abbot, Major J. B., host of John Brown,164.Abbot, Rev. J. S. C., on effect of Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, on family of fugitives,247,248.Abduction, Harriet Tubman, a practitioner in,6;of slaves from Missouri by John Brown,8,9,338;Rufus King on,29n.;of abolitionists, rewards for,52,53;of slaves from Covington, Ky., by Fairbank,61;of slaves by John Fairfield, the Virginian,66,67;methods of, employed by Dr. A. M. Ross,104;Still on abductions through agency of the U. G. R. R.,118n.;sentiment of abolitionists against,150;by negroes,151;by refugees of Canada,152,153;by Southern whites,153,154;by Northern whites,154,155;by Burr, Work and Thompson,155,156;by Joseph Sider,157;by Calvin Fairbank,157-160;by Seth Concklin,160-162;by John Brown,162-165;in Brown's plan of liberation,166,167;by Charles T. Torrey,168-170;by Capt. Jonathan Walker,170,171;by Laura S. Haviland,171,172;by Capt. Daniel Drayton,172,173;by Richard Dillingham,174,175;by Wm. L. Chaplin,175,176;by Josiah Henson,176-178;by Rial Cheadle,178,179;by Dr. A. M. Ross,179-182;by Elijah Anderson,183;by John Mason,183,184;by Harriet Tubman,185-189;of friends from the South planned by Canadian exiles,231,232;of a free negro from New York in 1850,269;of negroes from southeastern Pennsylvania,280;of free negroes from Northern state under law of 1793,295;failure of Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 to recompense South for losses through,341;disappearance of slavery from District of Columbia attributed to the U. G. R. R. and,341,342.Abolition, gradual,17;boats,148;in Canada,190,191;sentiment of, in Northern states prevents reclamation of fugitives,241-243;immediate, before Garrison, advocated by Bourne in 1816,303,304;immediate, advocated by Duncan in 1824,304-306;immediate, advocated by Rankin in 1824,306-308;immediate, germination of idea of,307;immediate, formulation of the principle of, in U. G. R. R. neighborhoods,357.Abolitionists, hidden methods of,2;recollections of, main source of history of Underground Railroad,11;characterization of,12;convictions of,17;Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 detested by,24;in Iowa,43;testimony of, regarding activity of the U. G. R. R. (1830-1840),44,308;social disdain borne by,48-50;espionage endured by,50-54;rewards for abduction of,52,53;known as "conductors,"60;destitution of fugitives relieved by expenditures of,76-78;waterway extensions of U. G. R. R. established by,82;temper of, shown in rescue of fugitives under arrest,86;political affiliations of,99-101;United States Constitution burned at meeting of,101;treated with justice in history,101;penalties paid by,102,103;settlements of, in Maryland,119;Brown Thurston of Portland, Me., a veteran,133;on number of U. G. R. R. lines in Ohio,135;devices of, to secure safety of fugitives,141;sentiment of, against abduction,150;dine with Fairfield the abductor,154n.;risks taken by an, in abducting a slave,155;abductions by, along the borders of slave territory,155;appeals of fugitives to, for aid for friends in bondage,168;arrest of Charles T. Torrey for being an,169;number of fugitives early aided by, in southern Ohio,192;testimony of, on the effects of the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850,193;underground work in Iowa and Illinois by,194,195;Canadian refugees visited by,199-201; refuge found by runaway slaves among, in Northern states,212,213,275;visitation of communities of, by slave hunters,239,240;prevent reclamation of fugitives,241,242;irritated by mode of arrests under Slave Law of 1793,259;efforts to use Northwest Ordinance in defeat of law of 1793,262,263;law of 1850 objectionable to,267-273;possibility of abduction of free negroes from the North under law of 1850, declared by,268,269;on commissioners' fees under law of 1850,271,272;secrecy observed by,272;characteristics of pre-Garrisonian,307;grateful employment of, in helping slaves,310;societies of, criticised by Webster,314;information about, among slaves,316;exultation of, over rescue of Jerry McHenry,320;residence of Harriet Beecher Stowe among, in Cincinnati, O.,321;various activities of,326;increasing number of fugitives aided by,327;restiveness of, under jurisdiction of United States Courts in fugitive slave cases,335;of Lawrence, Kan., abused by Missourians,347;aid rendered fugitives by, at Lawrence, Kan.,348;efficiency of underground work of, compared with work of American Colonization Society,350,351;support of U. G. R. R. by, alleged,351;multiplication of, due to the U. G. R. R.,357.Adams, Robert,130.Agents of the U. G. R. R., significance of the name,67;in Baltimore,68;employment of regular,69,70;number of,87;hospitality of,87-89;admitted principles of,89,90;nationality of,90-92;church connections of,93-98;churches of Massachusetts appealed to by,99;political affiliations of,99-101;character of,101;penalties suffered by,102,103;Defensive League of Freedom for payment of fines of, proposed in Boston,103,104;notable persons among,104-112;limited area of operation of,113;in Pennsylvania,121;in New York,122-127;in New Jersey,123,124;in Massachusetts,129,130;in Vermont,130,131;devices of,137;work of abduction by Seth Concklin as one of the,160;fearless work of, at Sandusky, O.,276,277;Harriet B. Stowe and John Brown as,290;Rev. John Rankin, active in ranks of,307;J. R. Giddings one of the most enthusiastic of,315;appealed to by Canadian refugees for abduction of friends,231,232;among fugitive settlers in the North,251-253.Alabama, purchase of slaves by,26;underground line from northern,119;Canadian refugees from,195;attempted abduction of Peter Still's family from,160;operations in, planned by Brown,167.Alcott, A. B., friend of Harriet Tubman,186;part of, in the Burns case,331.Alleghanies, the use to be made of, in Brown's plan of liberation,166.Allen, Abram, special conveyance of, for fugitives,59,60;visit of, to Canada,199.Alum Creek Quaker Settlement,leaf from diary of station-keeper in,10;activity of station in,76,77;facsimile of record kept by Daniel Osborn of,344,345.American Baptist Free Mission Society, ministrations to refugees in Toronto, Canada,3,183.American Colonization Society, objects and work of, compared with those of U. G. R. R.,350,351.American Historical Review, on Underground Railroad,5.Amherstburg, Canada West as a receiving depot for fugitives,194;visit of Levi Coffin to,200;supplies for Canadian refugees in,214;congregation of fugitives in,225;negro mechanics in,226;Dr. Howe on condition of colored people in,226n;Drew on condition of refugees in,227;separate schools for negroes in,229;first "True Band" organized in,230;comparison of amounts of property owned by whites and blacks in, and in other places,232.Anderson, Elijah, abductor,183.Anderson, William, extradition of the fugitive, from Canada refused,352,353.Andrew, Bishop James O., church proceedings against,95.Andrew, John A.,103;appreciation of Harriet Tubman,189.Andrews, Ex-Pres. E. Benjamin, on route in Massachusetts,129."Anti-Slavery Days, History of," in Illinois,6.Anti-Slavery in the State and Nation, on refugees forwarded to Brunswick,219.Anti-slavery men, Theodore Parker on the first duty of,109;meetings of, in New England,171.SeeAbolitionists.Anti-slavery movement, Chas. T. Torrey engages in,168,169;humane motives of,286;U. G. R. R., a causal factor in development of,290,302;character of pre-Garrisonian,307;continuity of development of,307,308;failure ofUncle Tom's Cabinto produce election gains for,323.Anti-slavery sentiment, among people from the Southern states,31,32,41;revenge on Mission Institute for,156;in Congress,173;settlement of fugitives in communities characterized by,212,242;proof of early, in free states,300;influence of U. G. R. R. in spreading,302;in the North,309,310.Anti-Slavery Society, of Philadelphia, of New York, Harriet Tubman a well-known visitor of the,189;of Massachusetts,193;of Canada,204;benefactions of, for fugitive slaves,222,223;persons of respectability in societies,308;encouragement given by, to bondmen to flee,310;reports of Pennsylvania and Massachusetts societies on increasing number of fugitives after 1850,327;of New England, meeting of, at time of rendition of Burns,332.Appalachian route of escape for slaves,118.Appleby, Capt., master of lake boat carrying fugitives,82.Arkansas, abducting trip of Fairbank into,65.Armstrong, abductor,153.Armstrong, J. H. B., operator,42,43.Arnold, Hon. Isaac N., counsel in fugitive slave case,284.Arrest, of abductor Calvin Fairbank,158,159;of abductor Charles T. Torrey,169;of abductor Capt. Walker,170;of abductors Drayton and Sayres,173;of abductor Dillingham,174;of abductor Chaplin,176;of fugitive slaves in the North between 1850-1856,240,241;mode of, under law of 1793,257-259;right of private, under law of 1850,267;of fugitive slave, penalties for hindering,279;of operators,283;of negroes in the South during the War,287;of free negro in Philadelphia,317;of Jerry McHenry in Syracuse,318;of rescuers in Christiana case,319;of Burns in Boston,331.Articles of Confederation (1643), clause for rendition of fugitives quoted,19;absence of provision for return of fugitives in,293.Ashburton Treaty, extradition of the fugitive Anderson from Canada sought under,352,353.Ashley, Congressman James M., operator,92,106.Association for the Education and Elevation of the Colored People of Canada,233.Atchison, of Kentucky, on loss sustained by slave-owners of border states,341.Baine, Patrick, owner of Harriet Hayden,158.Bains, Eliza, operator in Portsmouth, Va.,118.Baird, Thomas D.,96.Baltimore, fugitive shipped in a box from,60;agents in,68,91,117,151;anti-slavery sentiment in Friends' Yearly Meeting of,93;abductions of Harriet Tubman from,186;petition of Quakers of, against kidnapping,296.Baptist Church, appeal to societies of, in Massachusetts,99.Barbour, American Minister, on negotiations with England concerning fugitive slaves,300.Baxter and Grant, owners of Lewis Hayden,158.Bayliss, James, on canal route,142.Beacon, the, reminiscences of "Early Settlement and Growth of Western Iowa," in,7.Beard, William, visit of, to Canadian refugees,199.Bearse, Capt. Austin, doorkeeper of Boston Vigilance Committee,73;rescues from vessels by,81;on stowaways from the South,144.Beck, Dr. Isaac M., brief mention of,32n.;reward for abduction of,53.Beecher, Henry Ward, counterpart of, inUncle Tom's Cabin,322.Benedict, Aaron, reminiscences of U. G. R. R.,6.Benedict, Aaron L., runaways entertained by,76,77.Benezet, Anthony, precepts of,49.Benton, Thomas H.,159;on passage of Fugitive Slave Law of 1850,311n.Berrien, Col., conductor,144.Bibb, Henry,projector of Refugees' Home,209;stock of supplies maintained by,214;passenger on U. G. R. R.,340.Bibb, Mrs. Mary E., school-teacher among Canadian refugees,215.Bigelow, Jacob, operator,117.Bigelow, L. H.,130.Bingey, Anthony,on escape of his family to Canada,76;on increase of fugitives arriving in Canada,194;desire for freedom of,196;on refugee population of Ontario,221;on effects of Slave Law of 1850,249.Bingham, Dr. J. A.,89.Blake, Capt., fugitives carried by boat of,83.Blake, of Ohio, bill of, for repeal of Fugitive Slave laws,286.Boat service for transportation of absconding slaves,81-83,118,145-148,219,252.Bolding, John, seizure of, under Slave Law of 1850,241.Booth, Sherman M., power of commissioners questioned in case of,270;penalty imposed in case of,279;case of, before the courts in Wisconsin,329;limits of state authority defined in case of,330;protest against Douglas legislation in case of,Borden, Nathaniel P.,130.Boston, conveyance of fugitives by William I. Bowditch of,61;Vigilance Committee of,71-73;escapes by vessel to,81;early rescue in,83,84;rescue of Shadrach in,86;appeal of Vigilance Committee of, for aid,98,99;attempted rescue of Burns in,103,330-332;aid rendered fugitives by Theodore Parker in,109,110;slaves sent to New Bedford and, from Virginia,118;James Freeman Clarke on protection of fugitives in,132;refugees sent from New York to,145;to England from,145;estimate of fugitives in,235;law of 1850 denounced by meeting in,244;consternation among fugitives in,246-248;continued residence of refugees in, after 1850,250,251;Lewis Hayden in,251,252;early pursuit of fugitives in,302;Shadrach, Sims, and Craft cases in,317.Boston and Worcester Railroad,80.Boston Public Library, scrap-book of Theodore Parker in,8.Bourne, Rev. George, early advocate of immediate abolition,303,304,306;political action against slavery proposed by,305n.Bowditch, William I.,61,132.Bowles, Col. J., letter of, on U. G. R. R. depot at Lawrence, Kan.,347-350.Brace, Avery,16.Bragdon, George C., on stations on the St. Lawrence,127n.Brainerd, Hon. Lawrence,107;fugitives shipped by rail by,145.Bramlette, Gov. Thomas E., opposed to pardon of Fairbank,159,160.Brant, Chief, fugitives received by people of,92,203.Brennan, Mr., escape of slave from,65.Brisbane, W. H., hiding-places provided by,64.British and American Manual Labor Institute, colored children,200;origin of Dawn Settlement,205;work of, for Canadian refugees,214;visited by Levi Coffin,220;lumber industry established at,223;colored settlers attracted by,229,230.Brooks, Prof. W. M., on stations in southwestern Iowa,33,98.Brooks family, of Concord, Mass., friends of Harriet Tubman,186.Brown, David Paul, counsel for fugitive slaves,284,285.Brown, Eli F., hiding-place provided by,64.Brown, Henry Box, shipment of, in a box,60.Brown, John, notes of, relating to his raid,8;father of, a friend of fugitives,37;League of Gileadites organized by,73,74;transportation of party of, through Iowa,79;entertained by J. B. Grinnell,108;strategy of,118;North Elba home of, a terminus of the U. G. R. R.,127;route followed by, with his abducted slaves,136,164,165;Missouri raid of,162,163;effect of his raid,165;plan of liberation of,166-168,357;Dr. A. M. Ross, a friend of,183n.;on Harriet Tubman,185;concern of, for fugitive settlers in Canada,199;influence of U. G. R. R. upon,290,301,338,339;Col. J. Bowles on,349,350.Brown, Mary, owner of James Hamlet,269.Brown, Owen, father of John Brown, early operations of,37,