[Transcriber's Notes]Here are the definitions of some unfamiliar (to me) words.AloinIntensely bitter, crystalline, water-soluble powder obtained from aloe,used chiefly as a purgative.AniseAnnual, aromatic Mediterranean herb (Pimpinella anisum) cultivated forits fruit and the oil obtained from it; used to flavor foods, liqueurs,and candies.ArecolineToxic alkaloid obtained from the seeds of the areca, used in veterinarymedicine to kill and expel intestinal worms.Asafoetida (Asafetida)Fetid gum resin of various Asian plants of the genus Ferula (especiallyF. assafoetida, F. foetida, or F. narthex) occurring in the form oftears and dark-colored masses, having a strong odor and taste. Formerlyused in medicine as an antispasmodic and a general prophylactic againstdisease.Bismuth SubnitrateWhite bismuth-containing powder Bi5O(OH)9(NO3)4 used in treatinggastrointestinal disorders.BistouryLong, narrow-bladed knife used to open abscesses or to slit sinuses andfistulas.Boracic AcidAlso called boric acid or orthoboric acid. H3BO3.Used in medicine in aqueous [water] solution as a mild antiseptic.CaecaLarge blind pouch forming the beginning of the large intestine.CalomelMercurous chloride, Hg2Cl2. White, tasteless powder, used as a purgativeand fungicide.CantharidesAlso called Spanish fly. Preparation of powdered blister beetles (theSpanish fly), used medicinally as a counterirritant, diuretic, andaphrodisiac.CamphorWhitish, translucent, crystalline, pleasant-odored terpene ketone,C10H16O, obtained from the camphor tree. Used in medicine as acounter-irritant for infections and to treat pain and itching.Carbolic AcidCalled phenol, hydroxybenzene, oxybenzene, phenylic acid.White, crystalline, water-soluble, poisonous mass, C6H5OHUsed chiefly as a disinfectant and antiseptic.Cascara SagradaBark of the cascara [buckthorn (Rhamnus purshiana) native to northwestNorth America], used as a cathartic or laxative.CatechuSeveral astringent substances obtained from tropical plants, includingAcacia catechu and A. suma; used in medicine, dyeing, tanning, etc.Chloral HydrateColorless crystalline compound, CCl3CH(OH)2, used as a sedative.CloacaCommon cavity into which the intestinal, urinary, and generative canalsopen in birds, reptiles, amphibians and many fishes.CreosoteColorless to yellowish oily liquid containing phenols and creosols,obtained by the destructive distillation of wood tar, especially fromthe wood of a beech, and formerly used as an expectorant in treatingchronic bronchitis.CrepitatingCrackling or popping sound.DrenchAdminister medicine to an animal by force.DropsicalEdematous; swollen with an excessive accumulation of fluid.ExtravasationTo force the flow of (blood or lymph) from a vessel out into surroundingtissue.FenugreekTrigonella foenum-graecum; Plant of the legume family, cultivated forforage and for its mucilaginous seeds used in medicine.FomentingApplication of warm liquid, ointments, etc., to the surface of the body.Fowler's SolutionAqueous solution of potassium arsenite used in medicine to treat somediseases of the blood or skin.FrogTriangular mass of elastic, horny substance in the middle of the sole ofthe foot of a horse.GentianRhizome [root-like subterranean stem] and roots of a yellow-floweredgentian (Gentiana lutea) of southern Europe used as a tonic andstomachic [beneficial to the stomach].Glauber's salt,Sodium sulfate decahydrate, Na2SO4.10H2O; also called mirabilite; usedin medicine as a mild laxative.IodoformTriiodomethane. Yellowish, crystalline, water-insoluble solid, CHI3.Analogous to chloroform, used as an antiseptic.Methylene blueHeterocyclic (ring structure with atoms besides carbon, such as sulfur,oxygen, nitrogen,) aromatic chemical compound with the molecularformula: C16H18ClN3S.MiddlingsCoarsely ground wheat mixed with bran.Nitrate of PotashPotassium nitrate, a mineral source of nitrogen. KNO3.Also called saltpetre.Nux VomicaOrangelike fruit of an East Indian tree, Strychnos nux-vomica, of thelogania family, containing strychnine, used in medicine.OriganumAromatic plants, including the sweet marjoram (O. Marjorana) and thewild marjoram (O. vulgare).PasternPart of the foot of a horse, cow, etc., between the fetlock and thehoof.PetechialSmall purplish spot on a body surface, such as the skin or a mucousmembrane, caused by a minute hemorrhage.PhysicMedicine that purges; cathartic; laxative.PoulticeSoft, moist mass of cloth, bread, meal, herbs, etc., applied hot as amedicament to the body.ProbangLong, slender, elastic rod with a sponge at the end, to be introducedinto the esophagus or larynx to remove foreign bodies or introducemedication.QuassiaShrub or small tree, Quassia amara, of tropical America, having woodwith a bitter taste. Also called bitterwood.A prepared form of the heartwood of these trees, used as an insecticideand in medicine as a tonic to dispel intestinal worms.SantoninColorless crystalline compound, C15H18O3, from wormwood, especiallysantonica; used to destroy or eliminate parasitic worms.Shoat (shote)Young pig just after weaning.SingletreeCrossbar, pivoted at the middle, to which the traces of a harness arefastened for pulling a cart, carriage, plow, etc.Sugar of Lead (lead acetate)White, crystalline, water-soluble, poisonous solid, Pb(C2H3O2)2.3H2O;formerly used in medicine as an astringent.Sweet OilVegetable oil used as food; especially olive or rape (Brassica napus)oil.Tannic AcidLustrous, yellow-brown, amorphous tannin, having the chemicalcomposition C76H52O46. Derived from the bark and fruit of many plants;used as an astringent [contracts the tissues or canals of the body].ThriftyThriving physically; growing vigorously.TinctureSolution of alcohol or of alcohol and water.VentAnal or excretory opening of birds and reptiles.[End Transcriber's Notes]The VeterinarianChas. J. Korinek, V.S.Compliments ofCentral Lumber Co.Lumber and Building MaterialOf Every DescriptionGeneral Office, 846 McKnight BuildingMinneapolis, Minn.STATE OF OREGONTO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME--GREETINGSKnow Ye, That reposing special trust and confidence in the capacity, andfidelity of Charles J. Korinek, of Salem, Oregon, we, Geo. E.Chamberline, Governor, F. W. Benson, Secretary of State, and W. H.Downing, President of the State Board of Agriculture, the OregonDomestic Animal Commission, in the name and by the authority of thestatute of the State of Oregon, do by these presence APPOINT ANDCOMMISSION him, the said C. J. Korinek Veterinary Surgeon for the Stateof Oregon for Term Ending July 1, 1909.In Testimony Whereof, we have caused the Great Seal of the State to beaffixed at the City of Salem, Oregon, this 2nd day of July in the yearof our Lord one thousand nine hundred and seven.Signed Geo. E. Chamberline, Governor.Signed F. W. Benson, Secretary, of State.Signed W. H. Downing, State Treasurer[Seal of the State of Oregon]THE VETERINARIANDR. CHAS. J. KORINEKGraduate of Ontario Veterinary College of University of Toronto.Ex-State Veterinarian of Oregon, Ex-PresidentOregon State Veterinary Medical BoardHon. Member Ontario Veterinary Medical AssociationFOURTH EDITIONPUBLISHED BYTHE GERLACH-BARKLOW CO.JOLIET, ILLINOIS, U. S. A.and Toronto, Canada1917COPYRIGHTED 1915BYCHAS. J. KORINEK, V. S.BRITISH COPYRIGHTS SECUREDALL RIGHTS RESERVEDFOREWORDThis treatise on the diseases of domestic animals has been written withthe primary purpose of placing in the hands of stock owners, a book ofpractical worth; hence, all technical language or terms, as used by theprofessional veterinarian, have been eliminated and only such languageused as all may read and understand.The treatment suggested in each case is one I have used and foundefficient in my many years of practice.If my readers will study and follow these directions carefully, theywill save themselves much unnecessary loss. My confidence in thisaccomplishment is my reward for my labor in behalf of our dumbfriends--the domestic animals.THE AUTHORCONTENTSCHAPTER I DISEASES OF THE HORSECHAPTER II DISEASES OF CATTLECHAPTER III DISEASES OF SWINECHAPTER IV DISEASES OF SHEEP AND GOATSCHAPTER V DISEASES OF POULTRYCHAPTER VI MISCELLANEOUSILLUSTRATIONSPOINTS OF HORSEHACKNEY STALLIONCLYDESDALE STALLIONARABIAN HORSESBELGIAN STALLIONSADDLE STALLIONPERCHERON STALLIONSPOINTS OF DAIRY COWDAIRY HERDGALLOWAY BULLJERSEY COWHEREFORD BULLGUERNSEY COWSHORTHORN BULLAYRSHIRE COWSHOLSTEIN COWPOINTS OF HOGCHESTER WHITESDUROC BOARPOLAND CHINA BOARBERKSHIRE BOARPOINTS OF SHEEPDELAINE MERINO RAM AND EWESSHROPSHIRE RAMCOTSWOLD EWESWHITE PLYMOUTH ROCKSBUFF ORPINGTON HENPLYMOUTH ROCK COCKWHITE LEGHORN HENCOLUMBIAN WYANDOTTE COCKDISEASES OF THE HORSECauses, Symptoms and TreatmentsLOCATION OF PARTS OF THE HORSE1. Mouth2. Nostrils3. Nose4. Face5. Eyes6. Forehead7. Ears8. Poll9. Throat latch10. Jaw11. Chin12. Windpipe13. Neck14. Crest15. Withers16. Shoulder bed17. Chest18. Shoulders19. Forearm20. Knees21. Cannon22. Fetlocks23. Pasterns24. Feet25. Feather25-1/2. Elbow26. Flank27. Heart Girth28. Back29. Loin30. Hip bone31. Coupling32. Ribs33. Belly34. Rear Flank35. Stifle36. Thigh37. Buttocks38. Croup39. Tail40. Quarters41. Gaskin or Lower Thigh42. HocksCHAPTER IABORTION IN MARESCAUSE: Quality and quantity of food, poorly lighted, ventilated ordrained stables, mare falling or slipping, sprains, kicks, hard, fastwork or eating poisonous vegetation.SYMPTOMS: Mare will show signs of colic, the outer portion of the wombwill be swollen, and if the colicky symptoms continue there will be awatery discharge and the membranes covering the foetus or foal willbecome noticeable. The animal strains when lying down or getting up.TREATMENT: Place the animal in comfortable quarters and blanket ifchilly. When colicky pains are present treat the same as for spasmodiccolic. To stop the straining and labor pains, give Tincture Opii oneounce, placing in gelatin capsule and give with capsule gun every twohours. One to two doses, however, are generally sufficient as the marewill either abort or the dangerous period will have passed. Keep theanimal quiet and feed good nutritious food and pure water with chilltaken off in small quantities but often. Disinfect the mare's quartersthoroughly. A good general tonic should be used in this condition, onethat will strengthen and assist nature to throw off impurities from theblood, such as Sodium Hyposulphite, eight ounces; Potassi Iodide, oneounce. Make into eight powders and give one powder two or three times aday in drinking water.ABSCESSCAUSE: Bruises and injuries. Abscesses are also seen in complicationswith various diseases, perhaps the most common being distemper,laryngitis, etc.SYMPTOMS: Symptoms will vary, of course, according to the development ofthe disease. It may not be noticed at first, but upon carefulexamination small tortuous lines will be observed running from the pointof irritation. In many cases a swelling is noticed which is hot, painfuland throbbing and enlarges rapidly. In two or three days the sorenessand heat gradually subside, but the abscess continues to grow. The hairfalls from the affected parts and in a short time the abscessdischarges, and the cavity gradually fills up and heals by granulation.TREATMENT: In all cases hasten the repairing process as much as possibleby applying hot water packs or hot bran, flaxseed or vegetablepoultices. It is common with veterinarians to lance an abscess as soonas possible, but this requires skill and practice. I could not advisestockowners to perform this operation, as it requires exact knowledge ofanatomy. It will usually be found a safe plan to encourage the fullripening of an abscess and allow it to open of its own accord, as itwill heal much better and quicker and you take no chances of infectionwith an instrument. When opened do not squeeze the abscess to anyextent, but press gently with clean hands or cloth, to remove the clot,and after this simply keep open by washing the abscess with a three percent Carbolic Acid solution or Bichloride of Mercury, one part to onethousand parts of water. When an animal has abscesses it is well to givethe following blood purifiers or internal antiseptics: Hyposulphite ofSoda, eight ounces; Potassi Iodide, one ounce. Mix well and make intoeight powders and give one powder twice daily in drinking water, orplace in gelatin capsule and administer with capsule gun. Thisprescription will prevent the absorption of impurities from the abscessinto the blood.ANEMIACAUSE: Insufficient quality and quantity of food, insanitarysurroundings, overwork, lack of exercise, drains on the system fromacute or chronic diseases, worms; and can also be brought about byexcessive heat, cold or pressure and lessening of the calibre of thearteries, poisons in the blood, suppurating wounds, repeated purging orbleedings.SYMPTOMS: The visible mucous membranes of the nose, eyes and mouth arepale and sometimes have a yellow appearance. There is weakness,temperature of the body is lower than normal; pulse weak, legs cold tothe feet, cold sweats are often present, breathing is quickened,especially in its last stages, animals tire easily, appetite anddigestion become poor, swelling of the legs and the under surface of theabdomen, sheath and udder; the skin becomes rough and dry.TREATMENT: Remove the cause if possible in its first stages, or whenfirst noticed. Give a physic of Calomel, two scruples; Aloin, two drams;Pulv. Gentian, two drams; Ginger, two drams. Place in gelatin capsuleand give at one dose with capsule gun. Also, administer the following:Arsenious Acid, one dram; Ferri Sulphate, three ounces; Pulv. Gentian,three ounces; Pulv. Fenugreek Seed, three ounces, and Pulv. Anise Seed,three ounces. Mix well and make into twenty powders. Give one powderthree times a day in feed, or place in gelatin capsule and give withcapsule gun. Endeavor to build up the condition of the animal by theproper quantity and quality of food. Give pure water to drink, alsoprovide sanitary conditions, as pure air, sunlight if possible. Turn outto grass when the weather is favorable. This treatment should becontinued until the animal shows sign of improvement. However, theadministration of physics should be given with great care so as not toproduce superpurgation of the bowels (scours), as physics in thiscondition would tend to weaken the animal.It is to be borne in mind that pure water and nourishing food play avery important part in the treatment of Anemia.APHTHAE(Sore mouth and tongue--Pustular Stomatitis)CAUSE: Superficial eruptions of the mucous membranes of the mouth andtongue. Frequently seen during convalescence of intermittent fever. Thiscondition may also follow diseases of the digestive system, asIndigestion, etc., due to the blood absorbing toxic materials whichbreak out in the form of pustules about the mouth and the wholealimentary canal (stomach and intestines).SYMPTOMS: The appetite is impaired, the mouth hot, the pulse not muchaffected as a rule, the temperature is slightly elevated, the animal isunable to masticate, and small vesicles appear and eventually terminateinto pustules and burst and discharge a small amount of pus at the partswhere the sores are the deepest.TREATMENT: Remove the cause if possible. Feed clean, soft food that iseasily digested, as hot wheat bran mashes and steamed rolled oats,vegetables, etc. For a mouth-wash dissolve the following: One dram ofCopper Sulphate, one dram of Chlorate of Potash, one dram of BoracicAcid in clean hot water, and syringe out the mouth two or three times aday. To the drinking water add one ounce of Hyposulphite of Soda twice aday. Where the appetite is impaired, administer the following: Pulv. NuxVomica, Pulv. Gentian Root, Pulv. Iron, Pulv. Nitrate of Potash each twoounces. Mix and make into sixteen capsules and give one capsule threetimes a day with capsule gun.AZOTURIACAUSE: This disease is usually due to work after a period of idleness,during which the animal has been liberally fed. It is found principallyamong highly-fed draft horses, and never in animals which are regularlyworked. Light breeds of horses are also susceptible to this disease.SYMPTOMS: Attack is sudden and usually appears when the horse hastraveled a short distance after having been stabled for a few days. Thecharacteristic symptoms of this disease in an animal are: Excitabilitywithout apparent cause; actions seem to indicate injury of the hindquarters or loins. Animal has a peculiar goose-rumped look, owing to themuscles over the quarters being violently contracted, and are hard onpressure. One hind limb is generally advanced in front of the other, andon attempting to put weight on it, the hind quarters will drop until attimes the hocks almost touch the ground. Sometimes a front leg isaffected. The breathing is hurried. Animal is bathed in sweat, and is insuch agony that it will seize almost anything with its teeth. Althoughthe pulse is hard and frequent, the internal temperature, even in severecases, seldom rises to any marked extent. The urine is dark-red todirty-brown color. Owing to the stoppage of the worm-like movement ofthe bowels, there is generally constipation and retention of the urine.Sometimes the symptoms are milder than here described. In other casesthe animal soon falls to the ground and continues to struggle in adelirious, half-paralyzed state until he dies. Sometimes this disease ismistaken for colic or acute indigestion, but it can be readilydistinguished by the color of the urine.TREATMENT: At the first symptom, stop and blanket the animal and letstand from one to three hours. Then move to the nearest shelter, keepingthe animal as quiet and comfortable, as possible, as excitementaggravates the disease. Give Aloin, two drams; Ginger, two drams; incapsule, and administer with capsule gun. Also, give the followingprescription: Potassi Nitrate, eight ounces; Sodii Bicarbonate, eightounces; Potassi Iodide, one and one-half ounces. Mix well and make intothirty-two powders. Give one powder in drinking water every four hours,or in capsule, and give with capsule gun. Injections of soap and warmwater per rectum are beneficial. Immerse a blanket in hot water andplace over loins, then covering with a dry blanket, or, if this isimpossible, apply the following liniment: Aqua Ammonia Fort., twoounces; Turpentine, two ounces; Sweet Oil, four ounces, and rub in likea shampoo over the loins. It may be necessary to draw off the urine,which is sometimes retained, and it is best to secure the services of askilled veterinarian if, such is the case. Allow the animal to drinkoften, though in small quantities, of pure water with the chill takenoff. If he is unable to stand on his feet it is well to turn him fromside to side every six hours. It is also advisable to fill bags with hayand place against his shoulders to prevent him from lying flat on hisside, as this may cause congestion of the lungs. Avoid drenching--it isdangerous. Should the animal show signs of uneasiness, give one ounce ofPotassi Bromide in the drinking water every four hours until theexcitement has subsided.BARRENNESS(Failure to Breed)CAUSE: Contraction of the neck of the womb, growths on or in theovaries, Whites or Leucorrhea. The first is the only form of barrennesswhich responds readily to treatment.SYMPTOMS: A mare may come in heat normally, or stay in heat continually,or not come in heat at all.TREATMENT: Wash the hands in some antiseptic solution, such as CarbolicAcid or Bichloride of Mercury and see that the finger-nails are smooth.Grease the hand and arm with vaseline and proceed to dilate the neck ofthe womb. It may be difficult at first to insert the finger, but theopening will gradually enlarge. Work slowly and carefully until threefingers may be inserted. Breeding should follow about three hours afterthe womb has been dilated.BLEEDING AFTER CASTRATIONIf bleeding is from the little artery in the back portion of cord, itwill generally stop of its own accord, but if it should continue tobleed for thirty minutes, I throw clean, cold water against the part.When bleeding is from the large artery in front of the cord, it isconsidered dangerous. The artery should be tied with a silk thread ifpossible, or twisted with a pair of forceps. Occasionally the arterycannot be found, in which case the hole in the scrotum should be pluggedwith a clean cloth saturated with Tincture of Iron, which will clot theblood and thus close the artery.BLOOD POISONING(Septicaemia or Pyemia)CAUSE: By the popular term, "Blood Poison," is meant a state ofconstitutional disturbance brought on by the entrance of putridproducts--usually from a wound--into the blood. As a rule some pressureor inoculation is necessary for the introduction of poison into thecirculation; hence, the necessity of free drainage and thoroughdisinfection of the wound, and the only hopeful cases are those in whichby this means the supply of poison may be cut short.SYMPTOMS: It is introduced through any wound or abrasion, whether due toinjury, disease or by an operation. Signs of septic poison are heat,pain and swelling.TREATMENT: It is necessary to see that the wound has good drainage, andwash with Carbolic Acid, one tablespoonful to one pint of distilledwater or Bichloride of Mercury perhaps is the best in an infected wound.Apply one part to one thousand parts water. Also, give internally,Potassi Iodide, one ounce; Sodii Hyposulphite, eight ounces. Make intoeight powders and give one powder two or three times a day in theirdrinking water or in capsule, and give with capsule gun. This is anintestinal antiseptic which is very valuable in the treatment of BloodPoisoning. Feed soft, laxative food and green grass, if possible.BONE SPAVINCAUSE: Sprains of the hock from falling, slipping, jumping, pulling,traveling on uneven roads, falling through bridges, etc.Since Spavin is due to causes which come into existence after birth, itcannot be regarded as an hereditary disease. Hereditary predisposition,however, is largely accountable for its appearance. In the first place,the process of evolution in the horse, which is a single-toed animal,descended from a five-toed ancestor, predisposes him to suffer fromunion of the bones of the hock, just as it predisposes him to splints.The weaker the bones of the hock in comparison to the weight of the bodythe more inclined will the animal naturally be to contract Spavin.SYMPTOMS: Spasmodic catching up of the spavined limb, the moment theheel of the foot touches the ground, something after the manner ofstring-halt. At times the stiffness can be observed only when the animalis pushed from one side of the stall to the other. Spavin may often bedetected when riding a horse down a steep hill from the fact that hedrags the toe.The time of all others when a spavined horse will be apt to show hislameness will be the day following a hard day's work, and when he makeshis first move from the stable in the morning is the proper moment forexamination. Therefore, you should be prepared to form judgment quicklyin these cases, for the longer the animal is trotted up and down theless lame will he generally become.We may have a visible sign of Spavin, swelling and hardness of the part,without lameness. If there be heat and tenderness on pressure, lamenesswill almost always be present. A careful comparison should be made ofthe hocks.TREATMENT: An important factor in treating Spavin is keeping the animalquiet. This can be accomplished by placing the animal in a very narrowstall, carrying his feed and drinking water for a month or six weeks,and apply the following ointment: Red Iodide of Mercury, two drams;Pulverized Cantharides, three drams; Turpentine, thirty minims; PineTar, two drams; lard, two ounces. Mix well and rub in well for twentyminutes every forty-eight hours until three applications have beenapplied. Repeat this treatment again in two weeks, and grease well withlard.To cure a bone spavin it is necessary to unite two or more bones of thehock, and a fractured bone cannot unite if moved frequently. The samething exists in bone spavin as in a fractured bone, only we have noragged edges like that of a fractured bone to unite; therefore, keep theanimal quiet. The younger the animal the easier the spavin is to treat,because the bones hardened with age contain more mineral matter and lessflexible animal matter. While treating the animal, feed food that iseasily digested.BOG SPAVINCAUSE: Faulty conformation, slipping, falling through a bridge orculvert; large loosely built draft horses are prone to this blemish. BogSpavin is hereditary, and you should, therefore, select a good type ofanimal for breeding purposes.SYMPTOMS: A puffy swelling located in front and on the inside of thehock, varying from the size of a walnut to that of a man's fist. It veryseldom causes lameness, but is a serious disfigurement and blemish.TREATMENT: Treatment is not satisfactory unless taken in its firststages and when the animal is young. If there is heat, pain andswelling, apply cold water or ice packs until the inflammation has leftthe parts. Then use the following prescription: Tincture of Iodine, twoounces; Gum Camphor, two ounces; Gasolene, one pint. Mix and shake wellbefore applying with a nail or tooth brush twice a week.I may add that I have derived some wonderful results in treatment of BogSpavin with the above mentioned prescription in both young and oldanimals, and perhaps it will be well to use it on both young and oldanimals in both acute and chronic forms of Bog Spavin.BOTS(Gastrophilis)Effect of Bots on the Health of HorsesAlthough the presence of bots inside of a horse can be of no possibleadvantage to him, their presence, when in small numbers, as a ruleproduce very little or no ill effect in the horse, but if their numberbe large they cannot help being a source of debility and irritation. Inpractically all cases they produce indigestion, especially among younghorses, also loss of condition, colic and even death.CAUSE: By the bot flies, which lay their eggs during the autumn on theskin and hair of the horses. These eggs on becoming hatched (in from 20to 25 days) produce small worms which irritate the skin by theirmovements and thus cause the horse to lick them off and to take theminto his mouth, with the result that they gain access to various partsof the intestinal canal. The bot having selected its place ofresidence, attaches itself to the membranes lining the stomach andintestines, and derives its sustenance during its stay from the woundmade by its hooks. In the summer the larva, after living inside thehorse for about ten months, quits its hold and is expelled with thefeces. Having concealed itself near the surface of the ground it becomeschanged into a chrysalis from which the gadfly issues after an inactiveexistence of from thirty to forty days. The female fly becomesimpregnated, lays her eggs on those parts of the horse from which theycan be most easily licked off, and thus completes her cycle ofexistence.SYMPTOMS: Membranes about the eyes and mouth are very pale, as thoughthe animal had lost a large quantity of blood; they will also be subjectto colicky attacks, hair faded, dull, rough appearance, appetite poorand manifests a pot belly.PREVENTION: The best means of prevention are spraying your horses withthe following fly repellant: Crude Carbolic Acid, 10%; Oil of Tar, 25%;Crude Oil, 65%. Mix thoroughly. This prevents the gadfly from depositingher eggs on the animals.TREATMENT: Withhold all food for twenty-four hours, then administer Oilof Turpentine, one ounce; place in a gelatin capsule and give withcapsule gun. Follow this in six hours with a physic consisting of Aloin,two drams; Ginger, two drams. Place in a gelatin capsule and give withcapsule gun. Repeat the above treatment in a week or ten days to insurethe expulsion of Bots that might have escaped the first treatment.HACKNEY STALLION BAGTHORP SULTAN, FIRST INTERNATIONAL SHOW.Owned by Henry Fairfax of Virginia.BRONCHITISCAUSE: It may be the result of debility, constitutional diseases,inhalation of impure air, smoke, or gases. Sometimes brought on bydrenching by the escape of liquid into the windpipe; remember, a horsecannot breathe through his mouth. It may also be caused by sudden chill,foreign bodies in windpipe, micro organisms, or it may be associatedwith influenza, glanders, lung fever, etc.SYMPTOMS: Sore throat, loss of appetite, thirst, animal appears dull,membranes of the mouth, eyes and nose are reddened; urine is scanty andhighly colored; cough dry and husky. After two or three days the coughbecomes looser and, a frothy, sticky mucus of a yellowish color ispresent. This gradually becomes pus-like, after which the animal seemssomewhat relieved. In the first stages the pulse is soft and weak, butfrequently the temperature is high, ranging from 105 to 106 degrees F.;the breathing is quick and more or less difficult.TREATMENT: Place the horse in a clean, comfortable, well ventilatedstall, exclude drafts, blanket if the weather is chilly. Also, hand rubthe legs and bandage them. Inhalations from steam of hot water andTurpentine are beneficial. Also administer Chlorate of Potassi, twoounces; Nitrate of Potash, two ounces; Tannic Acid, one ounce. Mix thiswith a pint of black-strap molasses and give about one tablespoonfulwell back on the tongue with a wooden paddle every six hours. In severeattacks of Bronchitis it is well to apply a liniment consisting ofTurpentine, Aqua-Ammonia Fort., and raw Linseed Oil, each four ounces;mix well and apply to the throat and down the windpipe once or twice aday. The animal should be fed on soft food, such as hot bran mashes,grass, carrots, kale, apples or steamed rolled oats. After the acutesymptoms of the disease disappear, give Pulverized Gentian Root, oneounce; Nux Vomica, two ounces; Nitrate of Potash, three ounces;Pulverized Fenugreek Seed, six ounces. Mix and give one tablespoonfulthree times a day in the feed or in a gelatin capsule and administerwith a capsule gun.CAPPED KNEECAUSE: Bruises from pawing or striking objects with the knee, falling onthe ground, etc., are perhaps the most common causes.SYMPTOMS: It may be a simple bruise, or it may be a severe wound. Thereis always swelling, heat and pain present. The joint becomes stiff andinterferes with the movement of the leg. Under careful treatment theswelling and enlargement disappear.TREATMENT: Relieve the inflammation and clean the wound by fomentingwith hot water, to which add a few drops of Carbolic Acid. If the woundis very large, trim off the ragged edges with a pair of scissors andapply the following: Boracic Acid, two ounces; Iodoform, one ounce;Tannic Acid, one ounce. Powder finely, mix and apply two or three timesa day. If the skin is not broken, apply cold water or ice packs untilthe inflammation has subsided; then use the following: Tincture ofIodine, one ounce; Camphor, two ounces, and Gasolene, eight ounces.Apply with nail or toothbrush every thirty-six hours until theenlargement has disappeared.CAPPED HOCKCAUSE: Some horses have the habit of rubbing or striking their hocksagainst the partition of their stalls. May also be produced by kicksfrom other horses, or hocks may be bruised by the singletree.SYMPTOMS: An enlargement at the point of the hock, which may run upalong the tendons and muscles of the leg. Repeated injuries cause thehock to enlarge and become flabby, and in some cases it contains abloody serum or pus.TREATMENT: Do not attempt to lance the puffy swelling on the point ofthe hock, as you may produce an open joint, which is very difficult totreat, and chances are that you would lose the animal.The treatment that I would recommend is to find out the true cause andremove it. When the puffy swelling is swollen, hot and painful, applycold water or ice packs. When the heat and pain have subsided apply thefollowing: Tincture of Iodine, two ounces; Gum Camphor, two ounces,dissolved in one pint of Gasolene. Shake the contents of the bottlebefore using each time and apply with a nail or toothbrush everyforty-eight hours. This is very penetrating and will remove theenlargement or absorb fluids that might have accumulated from the resultof the bruise.CHOKINGThis term applies to obstruction of the gullet as well as that of thewindpipe.CAUSE: Too rapid eating, by which pieces of carrots or other roots, or aquantity of dry food become lodged in the gullet. Although obstructionsof the windpipe caused while drenching, or food entering the lungs, willkill an animal in a very short time, obstructions in the gullet may notprove fatal for several days.TREATMENT: No time should be lost in attempting to remove theobstruction from the gullet. It may be dislodged by gently manipulatingthe gullet. If unsuccessful in dislodging the obstruction in thismanner, secure the services of a competent veterinarian. He will use aprobang, an instrument made for this purpose, or inject Sweet or OliveOil into the gullet with a hypodermic syringe, or give hypodermicinjections of Arecoline. In administering drenches with the object ofdislodging obstructions in the gullet, you must remember that theliquids used are apt to go the wrong way, that is to say, enter thelungs, and give rise to lung complications, as lung fever, bronchitis,etc. Obstructions of solid substance in the windpipe generally causedeath very shortly. When liquids enter the lungs, death is not so apt tooccur, as the animal may live several days, and sometimes even get well.They should be treated the same as for lung fever.CRACKED HEELSCAUSE: There is little doubt in my mind that ammonia, which is soplentifully found in ill-kept stables, is the chief cause of crackedheels. The action of ammonia on the skin renders it soft and pulpy, anddiminishes its strength by separating the layers of which it iscomposed.SYMPTOMS: When inflammation is set up in the part, the secretion ofnatural oil is interfered with and cracks usually occur in the placewhere the skin becomes wrinkled when the pastern joint is bent. Thedischarge from cracked heels has an offensive smell. In early stagesthere is extreme heat and swelling, there is pain and lameness, whichusually disappear as the case becomes chronic.TREATMENT: Keep the affected parts clean as possible, if there isextreme inflammation present. Apply hot poultice made from bran orflaxseed meal. When the inflammation subsides, apply Zinc Ointment twicedaily. Before applying each application of ointment, wash with WarmWater and Castile Soap. Feed carrots, green grass, if possible, also hotbran mashes or steam rolled oats each morning. Sometimes it is well togive a physic, and I would recommend Aloin, one and one-half drams;Ginger, two drams. A physic has very good effect in reducing theswelling of the legs.COFFIN-JOINT LAMENESS(Navicular Disease)CAUSE: Driving young animals on hard roads. Always found in the frontfeet, owing no doubt to the fact the front feet support largely theweight of the body.SYMPTOMS: The symptoms are very hard to detect. As a rule the animalwill point the affected foot when at rest even before there is anylameness present. While at work he apparently goes sound, but whenplaced in the stable, or when stopped on hard ground, one foot will beset out in front of the other and resting on the toe. It will be noticedthat the animal takes a few lame steps and then goes well again. Againhe may be lame for a day, or he may leave the stable in the morningapparently well and sound and go lame during the day. In the course oftime he will develop a severe case of lameness, which may last for fiveor six days. These spells are intermittent and finally he becomespermanently lame, and the more he is driven the greater the lameness,and he steps short, wears the toe of the shoe, stumbles, falls on hisknees when the road is rough. Sometimes both front feet are affected andthe shoulders will be stiff. When put to work he sweats from pain; therewill be extreme heat about the foot, and he will flinch from pressure.Comparatively few recoveries are made from this disease.TREATMENT: First remove the shoe. If the foot is inflamed, poultice withhot bran or flaxseed meal. After the inflammation disappears, clean thefoot well, clip the hair from around the top of the hoof and use thefollowing: Red Iodide of Mercury, two drams; Pulverized Cantharides,four drams; Turpentine, thirty drops; Lard, two ounces. Mix well andapply every forty-eight hours, rubbing in well for twenty minutes eachtime. After three or four applications have been applied, turn theanimal out to pasture. Repeat this treatment again in a month or so.Animals affected with this disease should be put to slow and easy workon soft ground, and carefully shod. This disease is unsatisfactorilytreated and only a few cases recover when the best care is taken.CORNSCAUSE: Dry feet, increased pressure from ill fitting shoes, or highheeled shoes, which tend to contract the heels and produce corns. Wideflat feet are predisposed to bruises which terminate in corns.SYMPTOMS: Lameness, or as the old saying goes, "The animal will gotenderfooted." When standing the animal is generally very restless, theypaw their bedding behind them at night. Tapping or pressure on the footwill assist in locating a corn.TREATMENT: Discover the true cause of the corn and remove it ifpossible. Take away all pressure from over the corn and turn the animalout in some damp pasture. If this cannot be done, put on a flat "bar"shoe, packing the sole of the foot with Pine Tar and Oakum; then place aleather between the foot and shoe. Repeat this application every twoweeks, as this will keep the sole soft and flexible, and with propershoeing your animal will be relieved of corns.Frequently coffin-joint lameness or navicular disease is mistaken forcorns.CLYDESDALE STALLION SIR EVERARD (5353).Sire of Famous Baron's Pride (9122), who earned $300,000.00 in the Stud,who Sired Baron O'Buchlyvie, who was sold for $45,000.00, the HighestPrice ever paid for a Draft Stallion.CONSTIPATIONCAUSE: Indigestible foods, irregular feeding, lack of, or too much,exercise, insufficient secretion of digestive materials, strictures,ruptures, paralysis, worms, folding and twisting of the intestines,which frequently occurs in old age.SYMPTOMS: The animal cannot expel the contents of the intestines, whichfrequently causes colicky pains. Death from this form of constipation isgenerally due to rupture of the intestines, when due to indigestiblefoods or irregular feeding. Lack of, or too much, exercise seldomproduces death, although the animal may not pass any fecal matter for aweek.TREATMENT: Give a capsule containing Aloin, two drams, and PulverizedGinger, two drams, every eighteen hours until the animal has a movementof the bowels. Then give the following tonic: Pulverized Nux Vomica, twoounces; Pulverized Gentian Root, two ounces; Pulverized Fenugreek Seed,four ounces. Mix well and give one tablespoonful in feed three times aday. If the animal refuses to eat it in the feed, place onetablespoonful in gelatin capsule and administer with capsule gun. Thiswill stimulate the worm-like movement of the bowels and strengthen theheart action.Give the animal all the water it will drink. If the water is cold, takethe chill off by warming or adding warm water. If the animal will eat,feed food that is easily digested, such as grass, carrots, turnips,potatoes and apples, but do not feed too large a quantity at one time.Hot bran mashes or steamed rolled oats are very nourishing and easilydigested. Rectal injections of Soap and Turpentine in small quantities,added to warm water, are very beneficial, and I would recommend theiruse. It is advisable to elevate the animal's hind parts when givingrectal injections, as compelling the animal to stand with its head lowerthan its hind parts will cause the animal to retain the injection muchlonger, consequently it does its intended work much better.If due to worms, fast the animal for twenty-four hours and giveBarbadoes Aloes, three drams; Calomel, one dram; Ferri Sulphate, twodrams; Antimony Tartrate, two drams. Place in gelatin capsule and givewith capsule gun, This dose should be repeated in ten days to insure theexpulsion of newly hatched worms.COLD(Nasal Catarrh)CAUSE: Atmospheric changes common in the spring and fall; animal allowedto chill when standing in a draft, or driven when the system is in apoor condition. It is also produced by inhaling irritating gases, smoke,drenching through the nose, dusty hay or grain that contains infectiousmatter.SYMPTOMS: Animal is stupid, does not take food very freely, hair standsand looks dusty, throat becomes sore, pulse is not greatly affected.There may be a slight rise of temperature, say 101 to 103 degrees F.After a day or two there will be a discharge of mucus from the nostrilswhich may be offensive to the smell. There is generally an increasedflow of urine. The breathing is not much affected.TREATMENT: Make the animal as comfortable as possible by placing in aclean stall with pure air, but avoid drafts. Blanket if the weather ischilly and give the following prescription: Chloride of Potash, twoounces; Nitrate of Potash, four ounces. Mix these well in a pint of PineTar and place about one tablespoonful of the mixture as far back on thetongue as possible every six hours. Relief is very certain if thistreatment is given in the first stages. If not it will become chronicand terminate into nasal gleet, or lung complications.COUGH(Acute and Chronic)As a cough is a symptom of various diseases, these in addition to thecough should be treated.KINDS OF COUGH: Many writers give several different varieties, but forsake of convenience I will divide them into two forms, namely: Acute andChronic.CAUSE: Acute Coughs are generally due to sudden exposure to cold, draftsand are the forerunning symptom of a disease of the organs of breathing.Chronic Coughs are associated with, and often a result of, sore throat,lung fever, pleurisy, bronchitis, broken wind, influenza, nasal gleet,catarrh, glanders, heaves and distemper.TREATMENT: Under each disease of which a cough is a symptom, I have alsoprescribed to include its suppression. The following prescription isreasonable in price, yet very effective in all forms of cough: TannicAcid, one ounce; Potassi Chlorate, four ounces; Potassi Nitrate, fourounces. Powder well and mix with Black Strap Molasses, one pint; placingcontainer retaining the above in hot water assists in dissolving. Whenthis is thoroughly mixed add Pine Tar one pint, and place onetablespoonful well back on the tongue with a wooden paddle every threeor four hours, according to the severity of the cough.Sometimes a liniment applied to the throat and windpipe has a goodeffect, and I would recommend the following on account of itspenetrating qualities: Aqua Ammonia Fort., two ounces; Turpentine, twoounces; Raw Linseed Oil, four ounces. Mix and apply twice daily, shakingthe contents of the bottle well before using.COLT CONSTIPATIONCAUSE: Improper digestion of its mother's milk, especially whenoverheated or not allowed to nurse enough.SYMPTOMS: The colt appears stupid; does not care to move about, but liesflat on either side and shows signs of great pain.TREATMENT: Give two tablespoonfuls of Cascara Sagrada. Great care mustbe exercised in administering the medicine to place it well back on thetongue; do not hold the nose high or some of the liquid may enter thelungs; it is much better to waste some of the medicine. One of the mostimportant factors in the treatment of Colt Constipation is rectalinjections; they relieve temperature, gases, and pain, promoting theworm-like action of the bowels and liquefying their contents.COLT DIARRHOEACAUSE: Specific infection, the action of which is favored by insanitaryconditions, irregular feeding, or permitting the colt to nurse when themother is overheated or out of condition.SYMPTOMS: Frequent watery discharges, sometimes tinged with blood, andas the disease progresses the colt shows signs of great pain. If nottreated promptly, the disease will terminate fatally in the course ofsix or ten days.TREATMENT: Determine the exact cause, if possible, and remove it. If thecolt has not been weaned, attention should at once be given the mare,and if anything is wrong with her, it may be best to take the littlepatient away from its mother and feed it on cow's milk sweetened withsugar. Give two tablespoonfuls of Castor Oil on the tongue; this willremove the irritant within the bowels. The following prescription is avery reliable remedy: Protan, three ounces; Pulv. Ginger, four drams;Zinc Sulphocarbolates, four grains. Mix and make into twelve powders;give one powder on the tongue every four hours, effecting a cure withina few days. Do not pull the tongue, or hold the head too high. Permitthe animal to swallow slowly. Remember that sanitary surroundings areessential in the treatment of all diseases.CURBCAUSE: Faulty conformation of the hind legs; that is to say, if ananimal has crooked legs, a slight sprain from slipping or jumping willproduce Curb. In cases where an animal has well proportioned limbs, andis afflicted with Curb, it is caused by a rupture of the small ligamentor cord situated just back of the hock.SYMPTOMS: A swelling will be noticed on the back part of the hock. Atfirst the animal is lame and the enlargement is hot and painful. After afew days' rest the inflammation will partially subside and theenlargement can be plainly seen. When the animal is walked about he maybe very lame at the start, but this will disappear as he is moved.TREATMENT: When the Curb is hot and painful, it is well to apply icepacks or cold water to the part. When the inflammation subsides, applyRed Iodide of Mercury, two drams; Lard, two ounces. Mix and rub in wellfor twenty minutes; repeat every forty-eight hours until threeapplications are applied. If the Curb is of long standing it is moredifficult to treat, in which case the above treatment should be repeatedagain in two or three months. Do not use the animal in drawing heavyloads, or drive on slippery roads, for six months. Give the blister timeto strengthen the ruptured tendons. A high-heeled shoe is oftenvaluable in relieving tendons of their tension.The Famous Team of Arabian Horses.Owned by Dr. C. J. Korinek.DIARRHOEACAUSE: Sudden change of food, frozen food, soft food, unwholesome food,stagnant water, or drinking large quantities of water at one time,purgative medicines, or it may be associated with blood diseases, lungand intestinal affections, or produced by micro-organisms. Many horses,particularly slack loined, slight, "washy" animals, purge if worked orexcited, as may be observed among race horses when taken to a racecourse. Diarrhoea may also be due to worms, or it may be merely aneffort on the part of nature to expel some irritant matter from thebowels or from the blood, in which case it should on no account beprematurely checked.SYMPTOMS: Frequent loose evacuations of the intestines, with or withoutpronounced abdominal pain; generally, loss of appetite, animal looksgaunt and the hair rough.TREATMENT: Keep the animal quiet, comfortably stabled and warmlyblanketed. Give pure water to drink, often, but in small quantities. Ifthe animal will eat, feed moderately on clean food, as rolled oats anddry bran. Also, give the following prescription: Protan, three ounces;Zinc Sulphocarbolates, ten grains; Creosote, one dram; Powdered Ginger,two ounces; Powdered Gum Catechu, six drams; Powdered Gum Camphor,one-half dram. Mix and make eight powders. Place one powder in gelatincapsule and give with capsule gun, or the same sized dose dissolved in apint of water and used as a drench. However, be very careful whendrenching an animal. It is dangerous. This prescription will not onlycheck the diarrhoea, but will tone the muscular fibres of the intestineswhich aid in throwing off these irritant matters from the system. If thehorse shows colicky pains, administer the same treatment as thatrecommended for colic. It is well to give the following treatment in theconvalescing stages of diarrhoea: Pulv. Gentian Root, four ounces; FerriSulphate, four ounces; Pulv. Nux Vomica, four ounces; Pulv. FenugreekSeed, eight ounces. Mix and give one heaping tablespoonful three timesdaily in feed. This facilitates digestion by stimulating the flow ofgastric juices.DISTEMPERCAUSE: Distemper is placed among the germ diseases, and is produced by