I. Y.
I. Y.
I. Y.
ic, ich, ik (A.S.)I
†ich (A.S.)each. †ichon,479,each one.Seeech
ydel (A.S.)idleness, vanity. on ydel,in vain
†iis (A.S.)476,ice
ilke (A.S.)same
impe (A.N.)85,a sprig, twig growing from the root of a tree
impen, ympen (A.N.)85,to graft. †part. past, ymped,469,grafted
in-going (A.S.)115,entrance
inne (A.S.) the adverbial form ofin
inne (A.S.)a lodging, hence ourinn
inwit (A.S.)160,162,364,conscience, interior understanding. with inwit and outwit,263
yren (A.S.)288,iron
ysekeles (A.S.)361,icicles
J.
J.
J.
jangeleres, jangleris (A.N.)3,175,praters
jangle (A.N.)9,33,74,136,164,251,337,339,to jangle, to talk emptily, to prate
janglynge (A.N.)169,419,jangling, empty talking, nonsense
jape (A.S.)433,a jest
japen (A.S.)19,33,260,to jest, mock, cajole.part. past, japed,371
japer (A.S.)pl.japeres, japeris,3,164,175,a jester, mocker
Jewe,gen. pl.Jewen,19, Jewene,384,402,a Jew
jogele (A.N.)260,to play the minstrel, or jongleur
jogelour (A.N.)121,175,a minstrel, jongleur, one who played mountebank tricks
jouke (A.S.)336,to rest, dwell
joute (A.N.)86,a battle, combat
jugge (A.N.)a judge
juggen (A.N.)290,427,to judge
jurdan (A.N.)251,a pot. At a later period the word was only applied to a chamber-pot, as in Shakespeare
juste (A.N.)251, justes,351,352,370,a joust, battle, tournament
justen, juste (A.N.)336,370,374,to joust, tilt (in a tournament).pret. s.justed,340, justede,380
justere (A.N.)396,one who goes to jousts, engages in tournaments
justice (A.N.)404,to judge
juttes (A.N.?)201,low persons
juventee (A.N.)402,youth
juwise (A.N.)392,judgment, fromjudicium
K.See underC.
K.See underC.
K.See underC.
L.
L.
L.
lachesse (A.N.)153,negligence
ladde (A.S.)pl.laddes,398,a low common person
†laiche (A.S.)486,to catch, obtain.seelakke
layk (A.S.)287,play
laiken (A.S.)11,to play. The writer of the romance of Kyng Alisaunder, in describing a battle (Weber, p. 159), says,—
There wassweord lakkyng,
There wassweord lakkyng,
There wassweord lakkyng,
i.e. there was playing with the sword. Weber, in his Glossary, has very wrongly explained it bylicking. It is the Anglo-Saxon poetic phrase, sweorda ge-lác,the play of swords
lakke (A.S.)189,a fault, a lack, or something deficient or wanting
lakken, lacche (A.S.)31,40,130,220,262,309,333,to obtain, catch, take.pret. s.laughte,357,388,434.part. act.lacchynge,21
lakken (A.S.)85,130,185,189,208,214,234,263,307,309,329,411,to mock, to blame, or reproach.pret. pl.lakkede,294.part. pas.y-lakked,29
lakken (A.S.)46,218,219,262,310,365,423,to lack, to be wanting.pret. s.lakkede,402,was wanting
lambren (A.S.)307,lambs. So Lydgate (Minor Poems, ed. Halliwell), p. 169,—
Takith to his larder at what price he wold,Of gretterlambren, j., ij., or thre,In wynter nyghtis frostis bien so colde,The sheppard slepithe, God lete hym never the!
Takith to his larder at what price he wold,Of gretterlambren, j., ij., or thre,In wynter nyghtis frostis bien so colde,The sheppard slepithe, God lete hym never the!
Takith to his larder at what price he wold,
Of gretterlambren, j., ij., or thre,
In wynter nyghtis frostis bien so colde,
The sheppard slepithe, God lete hym never the!
lang (A.S.)long
lape (A.S.)426,to lap, as a dog
large (A.N.)398,largess(?)
lasse (A.S.)less
late, lete (A.S.)76,386,to let.pres. s.leet,305,384.pret. s.leet,25,74,127,209,346,pl.leten, lete,294,393.subj. s.late
†lath (.)476. Perhaps an error of the old edition forlay?
†latun (A.N.)462,a mixed metal of the colour of brass
laughen (A.S.)439,to laugh.pret. s.lough,423.part. pas.lowen,82.
launde (A.N.)155,183,312,a plain, a level space clear of trees in the midst of a forest, a lawn
lave (A.N.)273,to wash
lavendrye (A.N.)306,washing
†lavoures (A.N.)462,lavers, ewers, basins to receive water
leauté (A.N.)loyalty
leche (A.S.)443,a physician
lechecraft (A.S.)336,435,the art of healing, medicine
lechen (A.S.)261,to cure.pret. s.leched,337
leden, lede (A.S.)355,393,to lead. pret. s. ladde,352.part. act.ledynge.part. pas.lad,160,246
ledene (A.S.)242,243,speech, language. This is applied, as here, to birds, by Chaucer, C. T. 10749:—
This faire kynges doughter, Canace,That on hir fynger bar the queynte ryng,Thurgh which sche understood wel every thingThat eny foul mayin his lydnesayn,And couthe answer him inhis lydneagayn.
This faire kynges doughter, Canace,That on hir fynger bar the queynte ryng,Thurgh which sche understood wel every thingThat eny foul mayin his lydnesayn,And couthe answer him inhis lydneagayn.
This faire kynges doughter, Canace,
That on hir fynger bar the queynte ryng,
Thurgh which sche understood wel every thing
That eny foul mayin his lydnesayn,
And couthe answer him inhis lydneagayn.
ledes (A.S.)326,people attached to the land, peasants
leef (A.S.)dear, love. his leef,his dear
leef (A.S.)301,pl.leves,a leaf
leelly (A.N.)19, lelly,45,146,loyally, faithfully. leele, lele,loyal. lelest,349,most loyal
leere, lere (A.S.)15,173,countenance, mien, complexion
leggen (A.S.)30,133,235,306,426, leyen,374,to lay, to bet (to lay down a wager).pret. s.leide,352,372,432, leyde,98,436
legistre (A.N.)139,a legist, one skilled in the law.
ley,pl.leyes (A.S.)138,a lea(Lat.saltus)
leye (A.S.)360,364,flame
leme (A.S.)376,377,brightness
lemman (A.S.)pl.lemmannes,303,a sweetheart, a mistress
lene (A.S.)lean
lenen, lene (A.S.)to give; hence ourlend.pret.lened,269.part. past, lent,275
lenen (A.S.)to lean.pret. s.lened,369
lenge (A.S.)27,421,to rest, remain, reside long in a place.pret. s.lenged,151, †pret. pl.lengeden,469,dwelt, remained
Lenten (A.S.)Lent
lenten (A.S.)369,a linden tree
leode (A.S.)352,people, a person, whence ourlad
lepen (A.S.)41,236,to leap.pret. s.leep,10,41, lope,71, lepe,107, lepte,434.pl.lopen,14,22,86, lope,74.part. pas.lopen,88
leperis (A.S.)leapers. lond leperis heremytes,hermits who leap or wander over different lands
lered (A.S.)45,learned, educated, clergy
leren (A.S.)146,to teach.pres.he lereth.pret.lerned,146,412, lered,292,336,410
lerne (A.S.)350,351,437,441,to learn.part. pas.y-lerned,141
lesen (A.S.)to lose.pres. s.lese, lees,107,148.part. act.lesynge.part. pas.lost, lore,374, y-lorn,388
lese (A.S.)121,to glean. The word is still used in Shropshire and Herefordshire.
lesynge (A.S.)66,387,388,a lie, fable, falsehood
lethi (A.S.)184,hateful
letten, leten, lette (A.S.)352,435,to hinder, to tarry,pret. s.lette,368, letted,335.part. past, letted,418. lettere,19,a hinderer. lettyng,a hindrance
lettrede (A.N.)49,lettered, learned. y-lettrede,learned, instructed
lettrure (A.N.)learning, scripture, literature
leve (A.S.)385,leave, permission
leve (A.S.)pl.leeve,dear, precious. levere,dearer, rather. leveste, levest,364,dearest
leved (A.S.)300,leaved, covered with leaves
leven (A.S.)299,301,to leave.part. s.lafte,447
leven (A.S.)to dwell, remain.pret.lafte,440. †pret. s.lefte,473,dwelt, remained.
leven, leeve (A.S.)to believe,304,319.pret. s.leeved,435. leved,393.pl.leveden
lewed (A.S.)26,420,lay, ignorant, untaught, useless. lewed of that labour,237,ignorant of, orunskilful in, that labour. lewednesse,45,ignorance, rusticity
lewté (A.N.)loyalty
lyard (A.N.)352,368, a common name fora horse, but signifying originallya horse of a grey colour
libben, libbe (A.S.)275,to live.part. act.libbynge
lyen (A.S.)to lie.pres. s.2pers.thow lixt,86.pret.thow leighe,393,thou didst lie
liere (A.S.)a liar
lif (A.S.)pl.lives,life
liflode (A.S.)living, state of life
lift (A.S.)316,air, sky
lige (A.N.)76,390,liege
liggen, ligge (A.S.)361,to lie down.pres. s.I ligge, he lith, lyth,355, thei ligge,421.pret. sing.lay.part. act.liggynge.part. pas.leyen,45, y-leye,82, y-leyen,198,399
lighten (A.S.)to alight, descend, or dismount from.pret. s.lighte,352
lightloker (A.S.)112,237,321,more lightly, more easily
lik, lich, y-lik (A.S.)389,like, resembling. liknesse,likeness, y-liche,401
liche (A.S.)173,the body. Chaucer, C.T. l. 2960, speaks of theliche-wake, or ceremonies of waking and watching the corpse, still preserved in Ireland:—
Ne how theliche-wakewas y-holdeAl thilke night, ne how the Grekes pleye.
Ne how theliche-wakewas y-holdeAl thilke night, ne how the Grekes pleye.
Ne how theliche-wakewas y-holde
Al thilke night, ne how the Grekes pleye.
In the romance of Alexander (Weber, p. 145), the word is applied to a living body (as in Piers Ploughman):—
The armure he dude on his liche—he put the armour on his body
The armure he dude on his liche—he put the armour on his body
The armure he dude on his liche—
he put the armour on his body
likame, lycame (A.S.)the body
liken (A.S.)455,to please, to like(i. e.be pleased with). liketh,17,262.pret. s.liked
likynge (A.S.)203,pleasure, love, liking
likerous (A.N.)133,nice, voluptuous, lecherous
likne (A.S.)175,190,to imitate, to mimic, to make a simile
lyme (A.S.)436,limb
lyme-yerd (A.S.)170,limed twig
lymitour (A.N.)85,445,a limitour, a begging friar
lynde (A.S.)24,155,the linden tree
lippe (A.S.)324,a slip, portion
liser (A.N.)89,list of cloth(?)
lisse (A.S.)160,383,joy, happiness, bliss
liste (A.S.)to please, list.pret.list,356,it pleased
listre (A.S.)85,a deceiver
lite (A.S.)262,little
litel (A.S.)little. litlum and litlum,329,by little and little, the uncorrupted Anglo-Saxon phrase.Seenote
lyth (A.S.)341,a body
lythe, lithen (A.S.)155,270,to listen to
lyven, lyve (A.S.)to live.pr. pl.lyveden,2.part. act.lybbynge.Seelibben
lyves (A.S.)alive. lyves and lokynge,405,alive and looking.Seenote on l. 5014
lyveris (A.S.)235,livers, people who live
lobies (A.S.)4,loobies, clowns
loft (A.S.)high, height. bi lofte and by grounde,372,in height and in ground-plan. o-lofte,aloft, on high
lok (A.S.)27,a lock
loken (A.S.)388,to look, to over-see,148.pret. s.lokede,276
lollen (A.S.)240,to loll.part. pas.lolled,239.part. act.lollynge,346
lolleris (A.S.)308,lollards. The origin of this word is doubtful, but it seems to mean generally people who go about from place to place with a hypocritical show of praying and devotion. It was certainly in use long before the time of the Wycliffites, in Germany as well as in England. Johannes Hocsemius (quoted by Ducange, v.Lollardi) says, in his chronicle on the year 1309, "Eodem anno quidam hypocritæ gyrovagi, quiLollardisive Deum laudantesvocabantur, per Hannoniam et Brabantiam quasdam mulieres nobiles deceperunt," &c. The term, used in the time of Piers Ploughman as one of reproach, was afterwards contemptuously given to the church reformers. The writer of the Ploughman's Tale, printed in Chaucer, Speght, fol. 86, appears to apply it to wandering friars:—