Chapter 7

Mott, Frederick Walker, 65, Grove Street, Liverpool. M.B., London (Univ. Schol. and Gold Medallist in For. Med., 1st Honours in Med.) and B.S., 1881; M.R.C.S. Eng., 1880 (Univ. Coll. and Vienna); Demonst. of Physiol. Univ. Coll., Liverpool; late House Phys. and Opht. Asst. Univ. Coll. Hosp., Lond.Contrib. “Bacteria, or their Antecedents in Healthy Tissues,” Journ. of Physiol.Held a License for Vivisection at the Physiological Laboratory, Liverpool School of Medicine in 1883; also Certificate dispensing with obligation to kill.

Contrib. “Bacteria, or their Antecedents in Healthy Tissues,” Journ. of Physiol.

Held a License for Vivisection at the Physiological Laboratory, Liverpool School of Medicine in 1883; also Certificate dispensing with obligation to kill.

Munk, Immanuel.B. 1839. Assist. Demonst. Chem. Micros. Physiol. and Histol. Med. Fac. Univ.; Assist. Vet. School, Berlin.Author of “Ueber die Resorption der Fettsäuren, ihre Schicksale und ihre Verwerthung im Organismus,” Verhandl. d. physiol. Gesell. zu Berlin, Vol. XIII., 18 Ap., 1879; “Die physiologische Bedeutung und das Verhalten des Glycerins im Organismus,” Virchow’sArchiv., Vol. LXXVI. (1879), p. 119; “Ueber den Einfluss sensibler Reizung a. d. Gallenausscheidung;” Pflüger’s Archiv., Vol. VIII.; “Physiologie des Menschen und der Säugethiere,” Berlin, 1881.Experiments on rabbits. Biliary fistula established. The animals then submitted to electric stimulations.

Munk, Immanuel.B. 1839. Assist. Demonst. Chem. Micros. Physiol. and Histol. Med. Fac. Univ.; Assist. Vet. School, Berlin.

Author of “Ueber die Resorption der Fettsäuren, ihre Schicksale und ihre Verwerthung im Organismus,” Verhandl. d. physiol. Gesell. zu Berlin, Vol. XIII., 18 Ap., 1879; “Die physiologische Bedeutung und das Verhalten des Glycerins im Organismus,” Virchow’sArchiv., Vol. LXXVI. (1879), p. 119; “Ueber den Einfluss sensibler Reizung a. d. Gallenausscheidung;” Pflüger’s Archiv., Vol. VIII.; “Physiologie des Menschen und der Säugethiere,” Berlin, 1881.

Experiments on rabbits. Biliary fistula established. The animals then submitted to electric stimulations.

Munk, Hermann.Prof. exper. Physiol. Med. Fac. Univ. Berlin.Author of “Untersuchungen ueber das Wesen der Nervenerregung,” Leipsig, 1868; “Ueber die Sehsphäre und die Riechsphäre der Grosshirnrinde,” Arch. f. Anat. u. Physiol., 1880, p. 449; “Ueber die Functionen der Grosshirnrinde,” Berlin, 1880.Made experiments on dogs and monkeys. After the destruction of their frontal lobes, dogs showed no signs of impaired intellect, but disturbances were produced in their hind quarters. They turned round in the direction of the lesion, and a cat-like bending of the spine took place. Sometimes during the first weeks the dogs held their heads down, could scarcely seize their meat; monkeys lost their power of springing, but their intelligence remained unimpaired. Also experimented with electricity on the exposed muscles.—Berl. Akad. Sitzungsber, 1882, p. 36.

Munk, Hermann.Prof. exper. Physiol. Med. Fac. Univ. Berlin.

Author of “Untersuchungen ueber das Wesen der Nervenerregung,” Leipsig, 1868; “Ueber die Sehsphäre und die Riechsphäre der Grosshirnrinde,” Arch. f. Anat. u. Physiol., 1880, p. 449; “Ueber die Functionen der Grosshirnrinde,” Berlin, 1880.

Made experiments on dogs and monkeys. After the destruction of their frontal lobes, dogs showed no signs of impaired intellect, but disturbances were produced in their hind quarters. They turned round in the direction of the lesion, and a cat-like bending of the spine took place. Sometimes during the first weeks the dogs held their heads down, could scarcely seize their meat; monkeys lost their power of springing, but their intelligence remained unimpaired. Also experimented with electricity on the exposed muscles.—Berl. Akad. Sitzungsber, 1882, p. 36.

Murrell, William, 38, Weymouth Street, Portland Place, W. M.D., Brussels, 1879; M.R.C.P. Lond., 1877; L. 1875; M.R.C.S. Eng., 1875; L.S.A. 1874 (Univ. Coll.); Fell. Roy. Med. Chir. Soc. Lond.; Lect. on Mat. Med. and Therap. (late Lect. on Pract. Physiol. and Med. Regist.), Westm. Hosp.; formerly Sharpey Physiol. Schol. and Demonst. of Physiol. Univ. Coll.; Obst. Asst. Univ. Coll. Hosp. and Res. Clin. Asst. Consump. Hosp. Brompton.Author of “Nitro Glycerine as a remedy for Angina Pectoris,” 1880; “What to do in cases of Poisoning,” 1882 (jointly with Dr. Ringer); “Action of Atropia on the Nervous System”; “Journ. Anat. Physiol.,” 1877; “Physiological Action of Aconitia,” Ibid., 1877, etc. Contrib. to “Lancet,” “Practitioner,” etc.Has made numerous experiments jointly with Dr. Sydney Ringer to test the actions of various drugs on cats and frogs.“In addition to these experiments, we have made some observations clinically. To eighteen adults—fourteen men and four women—we ordered ten grains of the pure nitrite of sodium in an ounce of water, and of these seventeen declared that they were unable to take it.… One man, a burly, strong fellow, suffering from a little rheumatism only, said that after taking the first dose he ‘felt giddy,’ as if he would ‘go off insensible.’ His lips, face, and hands turned blue, and he had to lie down for an hour and a half before he dared move. His heart fluttered, and he suffered from throbbing pains in the head.He was urged to take another dose, but declined on the ground that he had a wife and family.Another patient had to sit down for an hour after the dose, and said that it ‘took all his strength away.’ He, too, seemed to think that the medicine did not agree with him.… The women appear to have suffered more than the men.… One woman said that ten minutes after taking the first dose—she did not try a second—she felt a trembling sensation all over her, and suddenly fell on the floor. Whilst lying there, she perspired profusely, her face and head seemed swollen and throbbed violently, until she thought they would burst.… Another woman said she thought she would have died after taking a dose; it threw her into a violent perspiration, and in less than five minutes her lips turned quite black and throbbed for hours; it upset her so much that she was afraid she would never get over it. The only one of the fourteen patientswho made no complaintafter taking ten grains was powerfully affected by fifteen.… The effect on these patients was so unpleasant that it was deemed unadvisable to increase the dose.”—Drs. Ringer and Murrell inLancet, Nov. 3, 1883.Held a License for Vivisection at University College, London, Physiological Theatre in 1878.

Author of “Nitro Glycerine as a remedy for Angina Pectoris,” 1880; “What to do in cases of Poisoning,” 1882 (jointly with Dr. Ringer); “Action of Atropia on the Nervous System”; “Journ. Anat. Physiol.,” 1877; “Physiological Action of Aconitia,” Ibid., 1877, etc. Contrib. to “Lancet,” “Practitioner,” etc.

Has made numerous experiments jointly with Dr. Sydney Ringer to test the actions of various drugs on cats and frogs.

“In addition to these experiments, we have made some observations clinically. To eighteen adults—fourteen men and four women—we ordered ten grains of the pure nitrite of sodium in an ounce of water, and of these seventeen declared that they were unable to take it.… One man, a burly, strong fellow, suffering from a little rheumatism only, said that after taking the first dose he ‘felt giddy,’ as if he would ‘go off insensible.’ His lips, face, and hands turned blue, and he had to lie down for an hour and a half before he dared move. His heart fluttered, and he suffered from throbbing pains in the head.He was urged to take another dose, but declined on the ground that he had a wife and family.Another patient had to sit down for an hour after the dose, and said that it ‘took all his strength away.’ He, too, seemed to think that the medicine did not agree with him.… The women appear to have suffered more than the men.… One woman said that ten minutes after taking the first dose—she did not try a second—she felt a trembling sensation all over her, and suddenly fell on the floor. Whilst lying there, she perspired profusely, her face and head seemed swollen and throbbed violently, until she thought they would burst.… Another woman said she thought she would have died after taking a dose; it threw her into a violent perspiration, and in less than five minutes her lips turned quite black and throbbed for hours; it upset her so much that she was afraid she would never get over it. The only one of the fourteen patientswho made no complaintafter taking ten grains was powerfully affected by fifteen.… The effect on these patients was so unpleasant that it was deemed unadvisable to increase the dose.”—Drs. Ringer and Murrell inLancet, Nov. 3, 1883.

Held a License for Vivisection at University College, London, Physiological Theatre in 1878.

Nasse, Hermann.Prof. Med. Fac., Univ. Marburg.Author of “Ueber die Ausfluss geschwindigkeit des Blutes aus den Halsgefässen der Hunde und über die modification derselben durch Infusion von Kochsalz in die Gefässe,” Pflüger’s Archiv, Vol. XXII., p. 513.“Exper. No. 121, was made on a dog of about 14 kgr. weight, very thin, whose blood was particularly poor. Blood was drawn from the carotid artery, the jugular vein, and the vena cava superior at the same time, the last drops of which already thickened in the glass cannula. Respiration had ceased. Only once after a long rest, did the dog draw a deep breath with open mouth as usuallyhappens immediately before death. The pulsations of the heart were scarcely perceptible. I then tried electric stimulation of the nervus vagus, after dissecting it out, but without causing any pulsation of the heart or breathing, either during the stimulation or when it ceased. Death was undoubtedly near. I then injected into the jugular vein a solution of common salt. Tetanus followed each injection—immediately afterwards the heart began to beat again and the blood streamed out of the arteries. When the bleeding ceased, I again injected the solution rather weaker than at first. No cramps followed but the flow of blood continued. The third injection produced the same result, but death followed soon after. The whole experiment had lasted an hour and a-half.”—“Ueber die Ausflussgeschwindigkeit d. Blutes,”etc., Pflüger’sArchiv., Vol. XXII., pp. 547-8.

Nasse, Hermann.Prof. Med. Fac., Univ. Marburg.

Author of “Ueber die Ausfluss geschwindigkeit des Blutes aus den Halsgefässen der Hunde und über die modification derselben durch Infusion von Kochsalz in die Gefässe,” Pflüger’s Archiv, Vol. XXII., p. 513.

“Exper. No. 121, was made on a dog of about 14 kgr. weight, very thin, whose blood was particularly poor. Blood was drawn from the carotid artery, the jugular vein, and the vena cava superior at the same time, the last drops of which already thickened in the glass cannula. Respiration had ceased. Only once after a long rest, did the dog draw a deep breath with open mouth as usuallyhappens immediately before death. The pulsations of the heart were scarcely perceptible. I then tried electric stimulation of the nervus vagus, after dissecting it out, but without causing any pulsation of the heart or breathing, either during the stimulation or when it ceased. Death was undoubtedly near. I then injected into the jugular vein a solution of common salt. Tetanus followed each injection—immediately afterwards the heart began to beat again and the blood streamed out of the arteries. When the bleeding ceased, I again injected the solution rather weaker than at first. No cramps followed but the flow of blood continued. The third injection produced the same result, but death followed soon after. The whole experiment had lasted an hour and a-half.”—“Ueber die Ausflussgeschwindigkeit d. Blutes,”etc., Pflüger’sArchiv., Vol. XXII., pp. 547-8.

Naunyn, Bernhardt.B. in Berlin, 1839. Studied at Bonn and Berlin. Asst. Med. Clin., Berlin, under Prof. Frerichs, 1863; Prof. Med. Clinic. Dorpat, 1869; Prof. Berne, 1871; Prof. Med. Fac. Univ., Königsberg, 1872.Co-editor with Klebs and Schmiedeberg of “Archiv für experimentelle Pathologie.” Author of “Handbuch der Intoxicationen” and “Handbuch der speciellen Pathologie,” jointly with R. Boehm, 1874; jointly (with Schreiber) of “Experiments on compression of the brain,” Arch. f. exper. Pathol. u. Pharmak., Vol. XIV., No. 2, p. 1. Contrib. various articles to “Du Bois Reymond’s Archiv.”; also to Ziemssen’s “Cyclopædia of Medicine.”“The authors [B. Naunyn and Schreiber] have experimented upon dogs. A trephine is applied to the parietal bone. A tube is inserted into the opening thus made. Besides this another tube is brought into communication with the cerebro-spinal cavity on a level with the swelling formed by the meninges round the cauda equina. For this purpose it is sufficient to take out a few of the spinal apophyses of the corresponding vertebræ. One obtains thus, as it were, two receptacles communicating by the intermediary of the cephalo-spinal liquid, and it becomes easy to augment the pressure of this liquid.… Pain is one of the very first results produced, and it is the more intense, if the pressure be immediately brought to its greatest height. Soon, convulsions follow. These seldom are epileptiform.… Breathing becomes slower, then irregular, then disappears.”—Archives Générales de Médecine, VIIᵉᵐ. Série, Vol. I., 1882, p. 743.

Co-editor with Klebs and Schmiedeberg of “Archiv für experimentelle Pathologie.” Author of “Handbuch der Intoxicationen” and “Handbuch der speciellen Pathologie,” jointly with R. Boehm, 1874; jointly (with Schreiber) of “Experiments on compression of the brain,” Arch. f. exper. Pathol. u. Pharmak., Vol. XIV., No. 2, p. 1. Contrib. various articles to “Du Bois Reymond’s Archiv.”; also to Ziemssen’s “Cyclopædia of Medicine.”

“The authors [B. Naunyn and Schreiber] have experimented upon dogs. A trephine is applied to the parietal bone. A tube is inserted into the opening thus made. Besides this another tube is brought into communication with the cerebro-spinal cavity on a level with the swelling formed by the meninges round the cauda equina. For this purpose it is sufficient to take out a few of the spinal apophyses of the corresponding vertebræ. One obtains thus, as it were, two receptacles communicating by the intermediary of the cephalo-spinal liquid, and it becomes easy to augment the pressure of this liquid.… Pain is one of the very first results produced, and it is the more intense, if the pressure be immediately brought to its greatest height. Soon, convulsions follow. These seldom are epileptiform.… Breathing becomes slower, then irregular, then disappears.”—Archives Générales de Médecine, VIIᵉᵐ. Série, Vol. I., 1882, p. 743.

Nepveu, G.Surgeon, Paris; form. Res. Hosp. Sur., La Pitié Mem. Chir. Soc. Paris.

Newman, David, 18, Woodside Place, Glasgow, N.B. M.D. Glasg. (with high commendations), 1883; M.B. Glasg. and C.M. 1878; F.F.P.S. Glasg. 1881 (Univs. Glasg. and Leipsig); Mem. Philos. Path. and Clin. and Med. and Chir. Socs. Glasg.; Exam. in Physiol. and Path. Univ. Glasg.; Extra. Disp. Surg. Western Infirm.Contrib. “Some Physical Experiments relating to the functions of the Kidneys,” “Journ. Anat. and Physiol.,” etc., etc.Held a License for Vivisection at University Glasgow Physiological Laboratory in 1879-81-82-83. Certificates dispensing with obligation to kill in 1881-82-83. No Experiments returned atthe above place. Mr. Newman might also perform experiments at Glasgow Royal Infirmary Medical School, and under his Certificates was not limited to a registered place.

Contrib. “Some Physical Experiments relating to the functions of the Kidneys,” “Journ. Anat. and Physiol.,” etc., etc.

Held a License for Vivisection at University Glasgow Physiological Laboratory in 1879-81-82-83. Certificates dispensing with obligation to kill in 1881-82-83. No Experiments returned atthe above place. Mr. Newman might also perform experiments at Glasgow Royal Infirmary Medical School, and under his Certificates was not limited to a registered place.

Nicolaides, R.M.D.; Prof. of Physiol., Athens Univ. Contrib. to Du Bois Reymond’s Archiv, for 1882. Made experiments in the Physiol. Lab., Athens.

Nothnagel, Herrmann.B. 1841 in Alt, Lietzgöricke, Brandenburg. Studied at Berlin; Asst. of Leyden at Königsberg, and Instruct. at Univ., 1863; Prof. Univ. Berlin, 1868; Prof. Breslau, 1870; Prof. Freiburg, in Baden, 1872; Prof. Clin. Med. and Path. Med. Fac. Univ. Jena, 1874.Author of “Ueber den epsileptischen Anfall,” 1870; “Ueber Neuritis in diagnostischer und pathologischer Beziehung,” 1870; “Die symptomologie der Darmgeschwüre,” 1881. Contrib. to “Handbuch der Krankheiten des Nerven systems,” 1874; and to “Ziemssen’s Cyclopædia of Medicine.”“Nothnagel considers himself justified in concluding from his experiments on rabbits that all the will fibres, without exception, traverse the lenticular nucleus. This is denied by the French investigators, who attribute the complete annihilation of voluntary movement, which Nothnagel achieved by the injection of caustic solutions into both lenticular nuclei, to a simultaneous destruction of the internal capsule which, owing to the small size of the lenticular nuclei in the rabbit, might easily have been overlooked on dissection. Nothnagel, however, has lately published a brief statement, in which he adheres to his original assertion.”—Kussmaul, “On Disturbances of Speech,”Ziemssen’s Cyclop. of the Pract. of Med., Vol. XIV., London, 1878, p. 680.“Unfortunately, the results of experiments upon animals, as respects the exact localisation of lesions, cannot be transferred directly to the case of man, except that we have reason to believe, through an important experiment of Hitzig’s upon an ape, that the motor centres for the nerves of the extremities and the cranial nerves lie in the gyrus præcentralis, or centralis anterior (Huschke, Ecker), in other words, that affections of the cortical substance of this convolution may produce motor paralysis.”—Nothnagel, “Anemia of the Brain,”Ziemssen’s Cyclop. of the Pract. of Med., Vol. XII., London, 1877, p. 152.

Author of “Ueber den epsileptischen Anfall,” 1870; “Ueber Neuritis in diagnostischer und pathologischer Beziehung,” 1870; “Die symptomologie der Darmgeschwüre,” 1881. Contrib. to “Handbuch der Krankheiten des Nerven systems,” 1874; and to “Ziemssen’s Cyclopædia of Medicine.”

“Nothnagel considers himself justified in concluding from his experiments on rabbits that all the will fibres, without exception, traverse the lenticular nucleus. This is denied by the French investigators, who attribute the complete annihilation of voluntary movement, which Nothnagel achieved by the injection of caustic solutions into both lenticular nuclei, to a simultaneous destruction of the internal capsule which, owing to the small size of the lenticular nuclei in the rabbit, might easily have been overlooked on dissection. Nothnagel, however, has lately published a brief statement, in which he adheres to his original assertion.”—Kussmaul, “On Disturbances of Speech,”Ziemssen’s Cyclop. of the Pract. of Med., Vol. XIV., London, 1878, p. 680.

“Unfortunately, the results of experiments upon animals, as respects the exact localisation of lesions, cannot be transferred directly to the case of man, except that we have reason to believe, through an important experiment of Hitzig’s upon an ape, that the motor centres for the nerves of the extremities and the cranial nerves lie in the gyrus præcentralis, or centralis anterior (Huschke, Ecker), in other words, that affections of the cortical substance of this convolution may produce motor paralysis.”—Nothnagel, “Anemia of the Brain,”Ziemssen’s Cyclop. of the Pract. of Med., Vol. XII., London, 1877, p. 152.

Oehl, Eusebio.B. 1827, at Lodi. Laureate in Med., Pavia, 1850; studied Vienna, Paris, and Berlin; Prof. extraord. of Histol., Pavia, 1860; Prof. of Exper. Physiol., 1864.Author of “Indagini di anatomia miscroscopica per servire allo studio della cute e dell’ epidermide palmare della mano,” Milan, 1856; “Sui cristalli di emoglobina,” Florence, 1862; “Contribuzione allo Fisiologia del pneumogastrico,” Naples, 1863; “Della influenza che il 5ᵒ pajo cerebrale dispiega sulla pupilla,” Florence, 1863; “Sull’ ormento di temperatura dei nervi eccitati,” Milan, 1865; “Manuale di Fisiologia per Medici e studenti,” Milan, 1868-77, &c.

Oehl, Eusebio.B. 1827, at Lodi. Laureate in Med., Pavia, 1850; studied Vienna, Paris, and Berlin; Prof. extraord. of Histol., Pavia, 1860; Prof. of Exper. Physiol., 1864.

Author of “Indagini di anatomia miscroscopica per servire allo studio della cute e dell’ epidermide palmare della mano,” Milan, 1856; “Sui cristalli di emoglobina,” Florence, 1862; “Contribuzione allo Fisiologia del pneumogastrico,” Naples, 1863; “Della influenza che il 5ᵒ pajo cerebrale dispiega sulla pupilla,” Florence, 1863; “Sull’ ormento di temperatura dei nervi eccitati,” Milan, 1865; “Manuale di Fisiologia per Medici e studenti,” Milan, 1868-77, &c.

Ogston, Alexander, 252, Union Street, Aberdeen. M.D. Aberd. 1866; M.B. and C.M. 1865; Surg. Aberdeen Roy. Infirm.; Regius Prof. of Surg. Univ. Aberdeen.Author of “On the functions of the semi-circular canals, &c.,” 1869.Held a License for Vivisection at 252, Union Street, Aberdeen, 1880-81-82. Certificates Dispensing with obligation to kill in 1880-81-82. No Experiments returned in 1882. At the expiration of Dr. Ogston’s License the above address ceased to be registered for the performance of Experiments.“To ascertain the influence of pus alone, injections were first of all made with that from cold abscesses, which contained no organisms.… Introduced under spray into a pure subcutaneous syringe, quantities varying from one to ten minims were injected into the subcutaneous tissue of the back in chloroformed guinea-pigs, white mice, and wild mice. In all twenty such injections were made, with the invariable result that no illness or abscess ensued.… But a very different effect was produced when similar injections were made with pus containing micrococci. In every instance, with the qualifications to be presently made, well-marked disease was set up. Quantities varying from one to three minims produced in the animals already mentioned symptoms of blood-poisoning, lasting from two to five days. The animals refused food, sat cowering in a retired place in their cage, were listless and apathetic, their coat was disordered and sometimes wet, their eyes were kept closed save when startled; and the mice showed the purulent conjunctivitis and glueing together of the eyelids described by Koch in his experiments on septicæmia.”—Report on “Micro-Organisms in Surgical Diseases,” Brit. Med. Journ., March 12, 1881, p. 371.

Ogston, Alexander, 252, Union Street, Aberdeen. M.D. Aberd. 1866; M.B. and C.M. 1865; Surg. Aberdeen Roy. Infirm.; Regius Prof. of Surg. Univ. Aberdeen.

Author of “On the functions of the semi-circular canals, &c.,” 1869.

Held a License for Vivisection at 252, Union Street, Aberdeen, 1880-81-82. Certificates Dispensing with obligation to kill in 1880-81-82. No Experiments returned in 1882. At the expiration of Dr. Ogston’s License the above address ceased to be registered for the performance of Experiments.

“To ascertain the influence of pus alone, injections were first of all made with that from cold abscesses, which contained no organisms.… Introduced under spray into a pure subcutaneous syringe, quantities varying from one to ten minims were injected into the subcutaneous tissue of the back in chloroformed guinea-pigs, white mice, and wild mice. In all twenty such injections were made, with the invariable result that no illness or abscess ensued.… But a very different effect was produced when similar injections were made with pus containing micrococci. In every instance, with the qualifications to be presently made, well-marked disease was set up. Quantities varying from one to three minims produced in the animals already mentioned symptoms of blood-poisoning, lasting from two to five days. The animals refused food, sat cowering in a retired place in their cage, were listless and apathetic, their coat was disordered and sometimes wet, their eyes were kept closed save when startled; and the mice showed the purulent conjunctivitis and glueing together of the eyelids described by Koch in his experiments on septicæmia.”—Report on “Micro-Organisms in Surgical Diseases,” Brit. Med. Journ., March 12, 1881, p. 371.

Ollier, Louis Navier Edouard Léopold, Lyons. B. 1825. M.D. Paris, 1856; Chief Surgeon Hôtel Dieu, and Prof. Clin. Chir. Med. Faculty Lyons, 1850; Corr. Mem. Acad. Med., 1874; Corr. Mem. Institute of France.Author of “Des moyens chirurgicaux de favoriser la reproduction des os,” 1859; “Recherches expérimentales sur la production artificielle des os,” 1859; “Des résections des grandes articulations,” 1870; “De l’occlusion inamovible comme méthode générale de pausement des plaies,” 1874; “De l’éléphantiasis du nez et de son traitement,” 1876; “Traité expérimental et clinique de la régénération des os et de la production artificielle du tissu osseuse,” 1867; “Recherches expérimentales sur la greffe osseuse” in Journal de Physiologie de Brown-Séquard, Vol. III., 1867.

Author of “Des moyens chirurgicaux de favoriser la reproduction des os,” 1859; “Recherches expérimentales sur la production artificielle des os,” 1859; “Des résections des grandes articulations,” 1870; “De l’occlusion inamovible comme méthode générale de pausement des plaies,” 1874; “De l’éléphantiasis du nez et de son traitement,” 1876; “Traité expérimental et clinique de la régénération des os et de la production artificielle du tissu osseuse,” 1867; “Recherches expérimentales sur la greffe osseuse” in Journal de Physiologie de Brown-Séquard, Vol. III., 1867.

Oreste, Cavaliere Pietro, Naples. Scuola Veterinaria.

Orfila, Matthieu Joseph Bonaventure.B. at Mahon (Minorca), 1787. D. at Paris, 1853.Studied the effects of narcotine on animals.“Orfila poisoned 6,000 dogs.”—Blatin,Nos. Cruantés, p. 206.

Orfila, Matthieu Joseph Bonaventure.B. at Mahon (Minorca), 1787. D. at Paris, 1853.

Studied the effects of narcotine on animals.

“Orfila poisoned 6,000 dogs.”—Blatin,Nos. Cruantés, p. 206.

Osawa, K., Tokio, Japan.Author of “Untersuchungen über die Leitungsbahnen in Rückenmarke des Hundes.” Jointly (with E. Tiegel) of “Beobachtungen über die Functionen des Rückenmarks d. Schlangen.”—Pflüger’sArchiv., Vol. XVI., p. 90.Made experiments in physiological laboratory at Strasburg; also in the physiological laboratory of Tokio, on the spinal marrow of serpents; spinal marrow cut through, and burning coals afterwards applied to the skin of the animals.

Osawa, K., Tokio, Japan.

Author of “Untersuchungen über die Leitungsbahnen in Rückenmarke des Hundes.” Jointly (with E. Tiegel) of “Beobachtungen über die Functionen des Rückenmarks d. Schlangen.”—Pflüger’sArchiv., Vol. XVI., p. 90.

Made experiments in physiological laboratory at Strasburg; also in the physiological laboratory of Tokio, on the spinal marrow of serpents; spinal marrow cut through, and burning coals afterwards applied to the skin of the animals.

Ott, Isaac.Fell. in Biol., Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, U.S.A. Late Lect. on Exper. Physiol., Univ. Pennsylvania.Author of “Observations on the physiology of the spinal cord,” Journ. of Physiol., Vol. II., p. 42; “On crossed hyperæsthesia,” Ibid., Vol. III., 160; “Notes on Inhibition,” Ibid., p. 163.“Method.—The animals employed were young cats with unpigmented feet: These not only bear the operations better than older animals, but sweat more easily, and the secretion is more readily observed. In cases where the cord was to be exposed, the animal was placed belly downwards, with a block of wood under its abdominal surface to elevate the vertebræ, and make them more accessible. The muscles having been separated from the vertebral arches, and held at a distance by means of weighted hooks, the spinous processes were cut off, and a small trephine employed to make openings, about half an inch apart through the arches. The intervals between these openings were subsequently broken through by means of strong cutting forceps.… To stimulate the nerves, or the central nervous systems, a Du Bois coil was used, with Helmholtz’s arrangement to prevent unipolar action. Tetanizing currents were employed.”—Journ. of Physiol., Vol. II., p. 42.

Ott, Isaac.Fell. in Biol., Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, U.S.A. Late Lect. on Exper. Physiol., Univ. Pennsylvania.

Author of “Observations on the physiology of the spinal cord,” Journ. of Physiol., Vol. II., p. 42; “On crossed hyperæsthesia,” Ibid., Vol. III., 160; “Notes on Inhibition,” Ibid., p. 163.

“Method.—The animals employed were young cats with unpigmented feet: These not only bear the operations better than older animals, but sweat more easily, and the secretion is more readily observed. In cases where the cord was to be exposed, the animal was placed belly downwards, with a block of wood under its abdominal surface to elevate the vertebræ, and make them more accessible. The muscles having been separated from the vertebral arches, and held at a distance by means of weighted hooks, the spinous processes were cut off, and a small trephine employed to make openings, about half an inch apart through the arches. The intervals between these openings were subsequently broken through by means of strong cutting forceps.… To stimulate the nerves, or the central nervous systems, a Du Bois coil was used, with Helmholtz’s arrangement to prevent unipolar action. Tetanizing currents were employed.”—Journ. of Physiol., Vol. II., p. 42.

Paladino, Giovanni.B. 1842, at Potenza. Studied at Naples and in all the principal physiological laboratories of Europe, under Ludwig, Du Bois Reymond, and Leukart. Prof. Physiol. Univ. Naples, 1867; Prof. Anat. and Exper. Physiol. Vet. School, same place.Author of “Istituzioni di Fisiologia,” Naples, 1878; “Lezioni d’Istologia e Fisiologia Generale,” 1871; joint author (with Lanzilotti Buonsanti) of “Sulla minuta struttura e sulla fisiologia dei peli tattili,” in “Bulletino dell’ Assosazione dei Medici e Naturalisti di Napoli,” 1871, No. 7.“Paladino and Lanzilotti Buonsanti have studied the tactile hairs of the various domestic animals, and of the mouse.… Section of the nervous facialis (in the horse) and stimulation of its peripheral end produces action of the tactile hairs. Simultaneous section of the trigeminus reduces considerably the energy of the action caused by stimulation of the facialis.”—Centralbl. f. d. Med. Wissensch., 1874, p. 116.

Author of “Istituzioni di Fisiologia,” Naples, 1878; “Lezioni d’Istologia e Fisiologia Generale,” 1871; joint author (with Lanzilotti Buonsanti) of “Sulla minuta struttura e sulla fisiologia dei peli tattili,” in “Bulletino dell’ Assosazione dei Medici e Naturalisti di Napoli,” 1871, No. 7.

“Paladino and Lanzilotti Buonsanti have studied the tactile hairs of the various domestic animals, and of the mouse.… Section of the nervous facialis (in the horse) and stimulation of its peripheral end produces action of the tactile hairs. Simultaneous section of the trigeminus reduces considerably the energy of the action caused by stimulation of the facialis.”—Centralbl. f. d. Med. Wissensch., 1874, p. 116.

Panum, P. L.B. 1820. Prof. Physiol. and Direct. Physiol. Lab. Copenhagen, 1863; formerly Direct. Phys. Lab. at Kiel.Author of “Experimentelle Untersuchungen über die Veränderungen der Mengenverhältnisse des Blutes und seine Bestandtheile durch die Inanition,” Virchow’sArchiv., 1861; “Haandbog i Menneskels Physiologie,” Copenhagen, 1872; “Untersuchungen über die Entstehung der Misbildungen zunächst in den Eiern der Vögel,” Kiel, 1860.Has principally experimented on transfusion, feeding, and starvation. Has starved dogs four weeks till death occurred. A whelp was bled till death convulsions set in and then revived by transfusion;then again bled till even reflex movements could no longer be excited by touching the cornea, and again revived by transfusion. This was repeated four times; but the dog died half an hour after the last transfusion.—Scandinavian Med. Archives, 1875.“On a dog of middle size I opened the trachea and inserted into it a glass tube.… Then I dissected out and isolated the nervi vagi; the animal was laid on its back and the thorax opened by cutting through the cartilage of the ribs and entirely removing the sternum. The pericardium was now opened … and artificial respiration introduced. Partly through the suffocation and partly through pain and terror, the movements of the heart grew very slow, small, and irregular … but after the artificial respiration had commenced, they got more vigorous.… Five minutes after I cut asunder both nervi vagi, at which operation the animal uttered no sign of pain. A minute after the movements of the heart were so greatly accelerated that it became difficult to count them.… It struck us that the heart seemed to have grown smaller than before we cut asunder the nervi vagi.… Then I stimulated (irritated) the peripheric ends of the cut nervi vagi with Neif’s electric apparatus. Almost immediately the heart stood still in diastole.… The movements of the heart recommenced and grew more rapid and vigorous than ever, but this soon passed away. The ends of the nervi vagi were for a second time stimulated … and this proceeding was repeated six times, always with the same result.… The pain, which otherwise results from the nervi vagi being cut asunder, was eliminated, because the far greater pain, occasioned by the opening of the thorax, had, as every very painful operation will do, diminished the sensitiveness of the animal so much that it gave no evidence of pain at the cutting asunder of the nervi vagi. Without introducing artificial respiration at the opening of the thorax, I have repeated this experiment scores of times, and always with the same result.”—Panum,Scand. Medical Bibl., 1857.“26th Ex.: I had opened the thorax of a dog and kept its life up by artificial respiration, having also cut the nervi vagi. Everything had gone as we desired. The heart worked vigorously and regularly, and the animal had full consciousness and sensitiveness. On applying the electrodes of Neif to the heart, its regular movements ceased immediately.”—Ibid., p. 134.Prof. Panum states that he has “employed” a great number of animals in experiments of transfusion and injections of putrid humours. For experiments on death by embolism he has employed some eighty dogs and rabbits.—“Experimental Observations,”Virchow’s Archiv., Vol. XXIX., 1864.

Panum, P. L.B. 1820. Prof. Physiol. and Direct. Physiol. Lab. Copenhagen, 1863; formerly Direct. Phys. Lab. at Kiel.

Author of “Experimentelle Untersuchungen über die Veränderungen der Mengenverhältnisse des Blutes und seine Bestandtheile durch die Inanition,” Virchow’sArchiv., 1861; “Haandbog i Menneskels Physiologie,” Copenhagen, 1872; “Untersuchungen über die Entstehung der Misbildungen zunächst in den Eiern der Vögel,” Kiel, 1860.

Has principally experimented on transfusion, feeding, and starvation. Has starved dogs four weeks till death occurred. A whelp was bled till death convulsions set in and then revived by transfusion;then again bled till even reflex movements could no longer be excited by touching the cornea, and again revived by transfusion. This was repeated four times; but the dog died half an hour after the last transfusion.—Scandinavian Med. Archives, 1875.

“On a dog of middle size I opened the trachea and inserted into it a glass tube.… Then I dissected out and isolated the nervi vagi; the animal was laid on its back and the thorax opened by cutting through the cartilage of the ribs and entirely removing the sternum. The pericardium was now opened … and artificial respiration introduced. Partly through the suffocation and partly through pain and terror, the movements of the heart grew very slow, small, and irregular … but after the artificial respiration had commenced, they got more vigorous.… Five minutes after I cut asunder both nervi vagi, at which operation the animal uttered no sign of pain. A minute after the movements of the heart were so greatly accelerated that it became difficult to count them.… It struck us that the heart seemed to have grown smaller than before we cut asunder the nervi vagi.… Then I stimulated (irritated) the peripheric ends of the cut nervi vagi with Neif’s electric apparatus. Almost immediately the heart stood still in diastole.… The movements of the heart recommenced and grew more rapid and vigorous than ever, but this soon passed away. The ends of the nervi vagi were for a second time stimulated … and this proceeding was repeated six times, always with the same result.… The pain, which otherwise results from the nervi vagi being cut asunder, was eliminated, because the far greater pain, occasioned by the opening of the thorax, had, as every very painful operation will do, diminished the sensitiveness of the animal so much that it gave no evidence of pain at the cutting asunder of the nervi vagi. Without introducing artificial respiration at the opening of the thorax, I have repeated this experiment scores of times, and always with the same result.”—Panum,Scand. Medical Bibl., 1857.

“26th Ex.: I had opened the thorax of a dog and kept its life up by artificial respiration, having also cut the nervi vagi. Everything had gone as we desired. The heart worked vigorously and regularly, and the animal had full consciousness and sensitiveness. On applying the electrodes of Neif to the heart, its regular movements ceased immediately.”—Ibid., p. 134.

Prof. Panum states that he has “employed” a great number of animals in experiments of transfusion and injections of putrid humours. For experiments on death by embolism he has employed some eighty dogs and rabbits.—“Experimental Observations,”Virchow’s Archiv., Vol. XXIX., 1864.

Pasteur, Louis.B. at Dole (Jura), 1822. Studied at Besançon; M.D., 1847; Prof. Physics, Lyceum, Dijon, 1848; Prof. Strasburg, 1852; Dean Fac. Sciences, Lille, 1854; Scien. Dir. Norm. Sch., Paris, 1857-1867; Prof. Geol. Physics and Chem. École des Beaux Arts, 1863; Prof. Chem. Sorbonne, 1867; Mem. Acad. Sci., 1862; Direct. Lab. of Chem. Research, Fac. Sci., Paris; Med. (2) Roy. Soc. of Gt. Brit.; received Prize of 10,000 fls. from Austria, and another of 12,000 frs., and a State annuity for his works on silk-worms, beer, wines and vinegar.Author of “Nouvel exemple de fermentation déterminé par des animalcules infusoires, pouvant vivre sans oxygène libre,” 1863; “Études sur le vin, ses maladies, causes qui les provoquent, etc.,”1866; “Études sur le vinaigre, ses maladies, moyens de les prévenir, etc.,” 1868; “Études sur la maladie des vers à soie,” 1870; “Études sur la bière,” 1878; “Les Microbes,” 1878, jointly with M. Tyndall, etc. Contrib. paper on “The attenuation of the virus of rabies,” Académie des Sciences, May 19, 1884.“M. Vulpian injected under the skin of rabbits saliva collected at the very moment of the experiment, from perfectly healthy individuals, and this injection killed the rabbit so inoculated in forty-eight hours. The blood of these rabbits was found to be filled with microscopic organisms; among which was a special organism discovered by M. Pasteur in the course of his experiments with inoculation of the saliva of a child who had died of rabies. One drop of this blood, diluted in ten grammes of distilled water, and injected under the skin of other rabbits, also brought on the death of these animals; the blood of which was similarly filled with microscopic organisms. These singular results, of which the interpretation is by no means easy, present also the no less singular peculiarity of not being stable. Rabbits placed in identical conditions, and inoculated with the same saliva, experienced no ill effects from their inoculation, and continued in excellent health. It would therefore appear that experimental microbiology is not yet on the way to become either an easy or clear science, notwithstanding M. Pasteur’sfiat lux.”—Brit. Med. Journ., April 9, 1881, p. 571.“The question of spontaneous generation I will not attempt to treat here as it would require special discussion. The experiments of M. Pasteur have only shown that under the experimental conditions with which he surrounded himself, conditions which were far from natural, he did not detect any spontaneous organisation of matter. Moreover, all those who have devoted themselves to science, with the sole aim of seeking the truth, as G. Bernard, Huxley, Häckel, etc., while admitting that M. Pasteur’s experiments had been properly conducted within the very narrow circle they occupied, have unanimously rejected the assertions and generalisations drawn from them by that savant himself.”—Dr. Jousset de Bellesme,Progrès Médical, Vol. X., 1882, p. 340.“It is now four years since the study of rabies was first commenced in my laboratory, and it has been continued without any other interruption than the enforced cessations which depend on the conditions of the enquiry, conditions which are very unfavourable. The incubation of the disease is always of long duration. There are never sufficient facilities to enable one at a given moment to multiply experiments. In spite of these material hindrances, which however the French Government, in its care for the great scientific interests involved, has done everything in its power to remove, the experiments which we, my fellow-workers and I, have carried out, have nevertheless passed beyond the possibility of numbering them.… If you take any street-dog you please and inoculate rabies in this manner by trephining, using as inoculating-material a portion of the bulb of an animal which has died of the disease, you will invariably convey rabies. The dogs to which the disease has been communicated in this manner are to be counted by hundreds. The method has never failed. The same operation has been performed on hundreds of guinea-pigs and on a yet greater number of rabbits, without a single failure.”—Pasteur’s“Address Delivered at the International Med. Congress at Copenhagen,” Aug. 11th, “Med. Times and Gazette,” Aug. 23rd, 1884.“In the case where rabies is produced by a bite, or by hypodermic injection, interference with the length of the incubation period must be chiefly ascribed to the great variation which is possible in the amount, always indefinite, of inoculated poison which reaches the central nervous system. If then we wish to determine the intensity of the virus from the length of the incubation period, it is unavoidably necessary to have recourse to inoculation by trephining, which is absolutely certain in its effects, and to employ larger quantities than such as would be necessary simply to produce rabies. When we operate in this way, irregularities in the length of incubation with the same virus will show a tendency to entirely disappear, because we always obtain the maximum of effect which the virus can produce; that maximum corresponding to the minimum duration of incubation. Thus we have at length obtained a method which has enabled us to enquire into the possible existence of varying degrees of virulence, and to mutually compare them. The only secrets in this method, I repeat, are to inoculate by trephining, and to use a quantity of virus, which, although very weak, is more than sufficient to produce rabies in and by itself.”—Ibid.“As he says substantially in his published report on the subject of canine madness, which he read before a meeting of the Academy of Sciences on May 19, the first experiments he has made give him almost certain hope of success. But, notwithstanding his sanguine views as to the finally favourable results of his investigations, and their unqualified benefit to mankind, he has to ‘multiply the proofsad infinitumon different species of the brute creation.’ When this shall have been done he will then try the remedy on man.”—Report of a Conversation with M. Pasteur, “Daily Telegraph,” June 6, 1884.

Author of “Nouvel exemple de fermentation déterminé par des animalcules infusoires, pouvant vivre sans oxygène libre,” 1863; “Études sur le vin, ses maladies, causes qui les provoquent, etc.,”1866; “Études sur le vinaigre, ses maladies, moyens de les prévenir, etc.,” 1868; “Études sur la maladie des vers à soie,” 1870; “Études sur la bière,” 1878; “Les Microbes,” 1878, jointly with M. Tyndall, etc. Contrib. paper on “The attenuation of the virus of rabies,” Académie des Sciences, May 19, 1884.

“M. Vulpian injected under the skin of rabbits saliva collected at the very moment of the experiment, from perfectly healthy individuals, and this injection killed the rabbit so inoculated in forty-eight hours. The blood of these rabbits was found to be filled with microscopic organisms; among which was a special organism discovered by M. Pasteur in the course of his experiments with inoculation of the saliva of a child who had died of rabies. One drop of this blood, diluted in ten grammes of distilled water, and injected under the skin of other rabbits, also brought on the death of these animals; the blood of which was similarly filled with microscopic organisms. These singular results, of which the interpretation is by no means easy, present also the no less singular peculiarity of not being stable. Rabbits placed in identical conditions, and inoculated with the same saliva, experienced no ill effects from their inoculation, and continued in excellent health. It would therefore appear that experimental microbiology is not yet on the way to become either an easy or clear science, notwithstanding M. Pasteur’sfiat lux.”—Brit. Med. Journ., April 9, 1881, p. 571.

“The question of spontaneous generation I will not attempt to treat here as it would require special discussion. The experiments of M. Pasteur have only shown that under the experimental conditions with which he surrounded himself, conditions which were far from natural, he did not detect any spontaneous organisation of matter. Moreover, all those who have devoted themselves to science, with the sole aim of seeking the truth, as G. Bernard, Huxley, Häckel, etc., while admitting that M. Pasteur’s experiments had been properly conducted within the very narrow circle they occupied, have unanimously rejected the assertions and generalisations drawn from them by that savant himself.”—Dr. Jousset de Bellesme,Progrès Médical, Vol. X., 1882, p. 340.

“It is now four years since the study of rabies was first commenced in my laboratory, and it has been continued without any other interruption than the enforced cessations which depend on the conditions of the enquiry, conditions which are very unfavourable. The incubation of the disease is always of long duration. There are never sufficient facilities to enable one at a given moment to multiply experiments. In spite of these material hindrances, which however the French Government, in its care for the great scientific interests involved, has done everything in its power to remove, the experiments which we, my fellow-workers and I, have carried out, have nevertheless passed beyond the possibility of numbering them.… If you take any street-dog you please and inoculate rabies in this manner by trephining, using as inoculating-material a portion of the bulb of an animal which has died of the disease, you will invariably convey rabies. The dogs to which the disease has been communicated in this manner are to be counted by hundreds. The method has never failed. The same operation has been performed on hundreds of guinea-pigs and on a yet greater number of rabbits, without a single failure.”—Pasteur’s“Address Delivered at the International Med. Congress at Copenhagen,” Aug. 11th, “Med. Times and Gazette,” Aug. 23rd, 1884.

“In the case where rabies is produced by a bite, or by hypodermic injection, interference with the length of the incubation period must be chiefly ascribed to the great variation which is possible in the amount, always indefinite, of inoculated poison which reaches the central nervous system. If then we wish to determine the intensity of the virus from the length of the incubation period, it is unavoidably necessary to have recourse to inoculation by trephining, which is absolutely certain in its effects, and to employ larger quantities than such as would be necessary simply to produce rabies. When we operate in this way, irregularities in the length of incubation with the same virus will show a tendency to entirely disappear, because we always obtain the maximum of effect which the virus can produce; that maximum corresponding to the minimum duration of incubation. Thus we have at length obtained a method which has enabled us to enquire into the possible existence of varying degrees of virulence, and to mutually compare them. The only secrets in this method, I repeat, are to inoculate by trephining, and to use a quantity of virus, which, although very weak, is more than sufficient to produce rabies in and by itself.”—Ibid.

“As he says substantially in his published report on the subject of canine madness, which he read before a meeting of the Academy of Sciences on May 19, the first experiments he has made give him almost certain hope of success. But, notwithstanding his sanguine views as to the finally favourable results of his investigations, and their unqualified benefit to mankind, he has to ‘multiply the proofsad infinitumon different species of the brute creation.’ When this shall have been done he will then try the remedy on man.”—Report of a Conversation with M. Pasteur, “Daily Telegraph,” June 6, 1884.

Pavy, Frederick Wm., 36, Grosvenor Street, W. M.D. Lond., 1853; F.R.C.P. Lond., 1860; F.R.S.; Fell. Roy. Med. Chir. Soc.; Mem. Path. Soc.; Corr. Mem. Soc. Anat. Paris, and Med. Chir. Soc. Edin.; Mem. (formerly Vice-Pres.) Paris Med. Soc.; Fell. Med. Soc. Lond.; Phys. and Lect. on Med. (formerly Lect. on Physiol. and on Comp. Anat.) Guy’s Hosp.; Goulston Lect. R.C.P. Lond., 1862 and 1863; Croonian Lect., 1878; Lettsom Lect. on Physiol. Med. Soc., 1859.Author of “Researches on Sugar Formation in the Liver,” Philos. Trans., 1861; “Immunity of Stomach from being Digested by its own Secretion during Life,” Ibid., 1863; “Remarks on Physiological Effects of Strychnia and the Woorali Poison,” Guy’s Hosp. Reps., 1856; “Lesion of the Nervous System producing Diabetes,” Ibid., 1859; “Lettsom Lectures on certain points connected with Diabetes,” “Lancet,” 1860; etc.Held a License for Vivisection at Guy’s Hospital Museum Theatre and Lecture Room in 1878-79-80-81-82-83. Certificates for Illustrations of Lectures in 1878-79-80-81-82-83. No experiments returned in 1878.“Has always illustrated his lectures by experiments (2108); but believes he was the first physiological lecturer in London who did so (2033).… For purposes of experiment uses dogs, rabbits, guinea-pigs, and frogs (2089-90); which are bought in the ordinary way at Leadenhall Market (2101-4); during the season about 20 dogs and 10 rabbits are used (2096).”—Digest Ev. Roy. Com., p. 19.“Through an opening in the stomach of a dog, Bernard introduced, while digestion was going on, the hind legs of a living frog. The legs were dissolved away, the animal continuing all the while alive.… I have repeated this experiment myself, and obtained a similar result.”… “I performed an experiment, substituting the ear of a rabbit for the legs of a frog.…. At the end of two hours the ear was withdrawn, and several spots of erosion were observed on its surface, but nowhere was it eaten through. On being replaced for another two-and-a-half hours, the tip to the extent of about half or three-quarters of an inch was almost completely removed, a small remnant of it only being left attached by a narrow shred to the remainder of the ear.”—Lancet, No. 2,070.

Author of “Researches on Sugar Formation in the Liver,” Philos. Trans., 1861; “Immunity of Stomach from being Digested by its own Secretion during Life,” Ibid., 1863; “Remarks on Physiological Effects of Strychnia and the Woorali Poison,” Guy’s Hosp. Reps., 1856; “Lesion of the Nervous System producing Diabetes,” Ibid., 1859; “Lettsom Lectures on certain points connected with Diabetes,” “Lancet,” 1860; etc.

“Has always illustrated his lectures by experiments (2108); but believes he was the first physiological lecturer in London who did so (2033).… For purposes of experiment uses dogs, rabbits, guinea-pigs, and frogs (2089-90); which are bought in the ordinary way at Leadenhall Market (2101-4); during the season about 20 dogs and 10 rabbits are used (2096).”—Digest Ev. Roy. Com., p. 19.

“Through an opening in the stomach of a dog, Bernard introduced, while digestion was going on, the hind legs of a living frog. The legs were dissolved away, the animal continuing all the while alive.… I have repeated this experiment myself, and obtained a similar result.”… “I performed an experiment, substituting the ear of a rabbit for the legs of a frog.…. At the end of two hours the ear was withdrawn, and several spots of erosion were observed on its surface, but nowhere was it eaten through. On being replaced for another two-and-a-half hours, the tip to the extent of about half or three-quarters of an inch was almost completely removed, a small remnant of it only being left attached by a narrow shred to the remainder of the ear.”—Lancet, No. 2,070.

Pawlow, S., St. Petersburg.Author of “Folgen der Unterbindung des Pancreasganges bei Kaninchen;” “Zur Lehre ueber die Innervation der Blutbahn,” Pflüger’s Archiv, Vol. XX., p. 210, etc.Made experiments in the Physiological Laboratory at Breslau; also in the Laboratory of Prof. Ustimowitsch at St. Petersburg.“TheJournal of Anat. and Physiol.for May, 1869, contains a short communication by Prof. Rutherford relating to the action of the section of the vagus on the blood pressure. According to Rutherford’s experiments the results of section of the vagus depend upon the condition of the alimentary canal; when the canal is full, the section of the nerves occasions heightened pressure, whereas in starving animals this operation causes no alteration in the blood pressure. Rutherford thinks this phenomenon is caused by the depressory distention of the intestinal vessels by the food contained in them. He supposes that the sensory nerves ending in the vagus root are stimulated by the food. The division of these ducts occasions a reflex narrowing of the vessels and hence heightened pressure. This important hypothesis of Rutherford’s (neither the amount nor the duration of blood pressure has been given, nor the time of feeding, etc.), has, as far as we know, not been tested experimentally, although the fact is often brought forward. This was the chief incentive which prompted me to make the following experiments:—All the experiments (twenty in all) were made exclusively on dogs, the directions given by Rutherford being carefully followed. The animals were immediately placed under the effects of curare.… The nervus vagi were cut through one after the other … other sensory nerves (mostly the Nervus dorsalis pedis) were cut.… The results of the experiments made by me in this manner were, excepting in two cases, diametrically opposed to the results described by Rutherford.”—Zur Lehre ueber die Innervation der Blutbahn, Pflüger’sArchiv., Vol. XX., p. 210.

Pawlow, S., St. Petersburg.

Author of “Folgen der Unterbindung des Pancreasganges bei Kaninchen;” “Zur Lehre ueber die Innervation der Blutbahn,” Pflüger’s Archiv, Vol. XX., p. 210, etc.

Made experiments in the Physiological Laboratory at Breslau; also in the Laboratory of Prof. Ustimowitsch at St. Petersburg.

“TheJournal of Anat. and Physiol.for May, 1869, contains a short communication by Prof. Rutherford relating to the action of the section of the vagus on the blood pressure. According to Rutherford’s experiments the results of section of the vagus depend upon the condition of the alimentary canal; when the canal is full, the section of the nerves occasions heightened pressure, whereas in starving animals this operation causes no alteration in the blood pressure. Rutherford thinks this phenomenon is caused by the depressory distention of the intestinal vessels by the food contained in them. He supposes that the sensory nerves ending in the vagus root are stimulated by the food. The division of these ducts occasions a reflex narrowing of the vessels and hence heightened pressure. This important hypothesis of Rutherford’s (neither the amount nor the duration of blood pressure has been given, nor the time of feeding, etc.), has, as far as we know, not been tested experimentally, although the fact is often brought forward. This was the chief incentive which prompted me to make the following experiments:—All the experiments (twenty in all) were made exclusively on dogs, the directions given by Rutherford being carefully followed. The animals were immediately placed under the effects of curare.… The nervus vagi were cut through one after the other … other sensory nerves (mostly the Nervus dorsalis pedis) were cut.… The results of the experiments made by me in this manner were, excepting in two cases, diametrically opposed to the results described by Rutherford.”—Zur Lehre ueber die Innervation der Blutbahn, Pflüger’sArchiv., Vol. XX., p. 210.

Pekelharing, C. A.Prof. of Physiol., Utrecht Veterinary School, formerly Prof. at Leyden Univ.Author of “Ueber die Harnstoffbestimmung,” Pflüger’s Archiv, Vol. II., p. 602; “Beitrag zur Kenntniss des Peptons,” Ibid., Vol. XXII., p. 185.

Pekelharing, C. A.Prof. of Physiol., Utrecht Veterinary School, formerly Prof. at Leyden Univ.

Author of “Ueber die Harnstoffbestimmung,” Pflüger’s Archiv, Vol. II., p. 602; “Beitrag zur Kenntniss des Peptons,” Ibid., Vol. XXII., p. 185.

Pellacani Paolo.Prof. of Physiol. Univ. of Turin; formerly Prof. Univ. Libera, Ferrara, and Modena.Author of “De l’action physiologique de quelques substances sur les muscles de la vessie des animaux et de l’homme,” Archives Ital. de Biol., Vol II., 1882.Made experiments in the Pharm. Lab., Strasburg, also at Physiol. Lab., Turin, on the exposed bladders of dogs. The bladders weresometimes“left in the abdominal cavity.”—Arch. Ital., Vol. II., p. 303. Also experimented on the effects of curare and strychnine.

Pellacani Paolo.Prof. of Physiol. Univ. of Turin; formerly Prof. Univ. Libera, Ferrara, and Modena.

Author of “De l’action physiologique de quelques substances sur les muscles de la vessie des animaux et de l’homme,” Archives Ital. de Biol., Vol II., 1882.

Made experiments in the Pharm. Lab., Strasburg, also at Physiol. Lab., Turin, on the exposed bladders of dogs. The bladders weresometimes“left in the abdominal cavity.”—Arch. Ital., Vol. II., p. 303. Also experimented on the effects of curare and strychnine.

Perroncito(Prof.), Turin. Scuola Veterinaria.Made experiments with the virus of anthrax on sheep and oxen.

Perroncito(Prof.), Turin. Scuola Veterinaria.

Made experiments with the virus of anthrax on sheep and oxen.

Peyrani(Prof.), Parma University.

Pflüger, Emil.B. at Hanau, 1829. Prof. of Physiol. Med. Fac. Bonn University, Geheim. Med. Rath.Author of “Beiträge zur Lehre der Respiration” in “Archiv für die gesammte Physiologie, 1875;” Editor of “Archiv für die gesammte Physiologie des Menschen und des Thiers,” Bonn, 1868, etc.

Pflüger, Emil.B. at Hanau, 1829. Prof. of Physiol. Med. Fac. Bonn University, Geheim. Med. Rath.

Author of “Beiträge zur Lehre der Respiration” in “Archiv für die gesammte Physiologie, 1875;” Editor of “Archiv für die gesammte Physiologie des Menschen und des Thiers,” Bonn, 1868, etc.

Picard, P., Lyons. Prof. of Physiol. Med. Faculty.Made experiments on the action of morphine in dogs.—Gaz. Med. de Paris, No. 12, p. 143.

Picard, P., Lyons. Prof. of Physiol. Med. Faculty.

Made experiments on the action of morphine in dogs.—Gaz. Med. de Paris, No. 12, p. 143.

Pierret(Mons.), Lyons. Prof. of Path. Anat. Med. Faculty.

Pitres, A., Paris.Author (jointly with M. F. Franck) of “Recherches graphiques sur les mouvements simples et sur les convulsions provoquées par les excitations du cerveau,” Travaux du lab. de M. Marey, 1878-79, p. 413.Dogs trepanned, the brain stimulated, muscles of the paw dissected out, eyelids hooked back to study the change of the diameter of the pupil during electric stimulation of the brain.

Pitres, A., Paris.

Author (jointly with M. F. Franck) of “Recherches graphiques sur les mouvements simples et sur les convulsions provoquées par les excitations du cerveau,” Travaux du lab. de M. Marey, 1878-79, p. 413.

Dogs trepanned, the brain stimulated, muscles of the paw dissected out, eyelids hooked back to study the change of the diameter of the pupil during electric stimulation of the brain.

Platt, W. B., Baltimore. M.D. (Harvard), M.R.C.S. (Eng.).Made experiments on the action of Resorcin on dogs, rabbits, and frogs.“Exp. 3.—A black and tan male dog, weight 4,675 grammes, injected at 5.08 p.m. April 10th, 1882, with 1·5 grammes dissolved in distilled water.… This is injected in 5 places beneath skin of abdomen.… Up to 5.24 very restless.… 5.29. Same, seems very unhappy, tremor of hind legs. 5.30. Back arched as he moves about; holds up left fore-paw high in the air, quivering.… 5.44. Staggers, tumbles, steps about constantly.… 11th—Dog of yesterday seen at 3.20 p.m.… Drags hind legs after him, as if paraplegic, with much difficulty manages to stand. A viscid saliva drops from mouth.…. 3.40. Froths copiously at mouth; lies down as if to sleep.… 6.14. Gasps, barks, foams at mouth, eyes glare, jaws snap.… 6.36. Struggles further, a violent spasm, head drawn back at right angles to body, intermittent jerking of limbs.… 7.22. Dog appears almost normal, with slightly rapid respiration. Still does notice noises or objects; greatly exhausted; animalnow left.” “12th.—At 6 a.m. animal found dead after at least 26 hours.”—“Observations on the Action of Resorcin,”Amer. Journ. of Med. Sci., Jan., 1883, p. 100.

Platt, W. B., Baltimore. M.D. (Harvard), M.R.C.S. (Eng.).

Made experiments on the action of Resorcin on dogs, rabbits, and frogs.

“Exp. 3.—A black and tan male dog, weight 4,675 grammes, injected at 5.08 p.m. April 10th, 1882, with 1·5 grammes dissolved in distilled water.… This is injected in 5 places beneath skin of abdomen.… Up to 5.24 very restless.… 5.29. Same, seems very unhappy, tremor of hind legs. 5.30. Back arched as he moves about; holds up left fore-paw high in the air, quivering.… 5.44. Staggers, tumbles, steps about constantly.… 11th—Dog of yesterday seen at 3.20 p.m.… Drags hind legs after him, as if paraplegic, with much difficulty manages to stand. A viscid saliva drops from mouth.…. 3.40. Froths copiously at mouth; lies down as if to sleep.… 6.14. Gasps, barks, foams at mouth, eyes glare, jaws snap.… 6.36. Struggles further, a violent spasm, head drawn back at right angles to body, intermittent jerking of limbs.… 7.22. Dog appears almost normal, with slightly rapid respiration. Still does notice noises or objects; greatly exhausted; animalnow left.” “12th.—At 6 a.m. animal found dead after at least 26 hours.”—“Observations on the Action of Resorcin,”Amer. Journ. of Med. Sci., Jan., 1883, p. 100.

Piso-Borme(Prof.), Cagliari University.

Popoff, Leo.Phys. and Prof. Univ. St. Petersburg.Author of “Ueber die naturliche pathologische Injection der Gallengänge und einige andere, nach der Unterbindung des Ductescholedochus bei Thieren beobachtete pathologische Erscheinungen,” Virchow’s Archiv, Vol. LXXXI. (1880), p. 524; “Ueber die Folgen der Unterbindung der Ureteren und der Nierenarterien bei Thieren, im Zusammenhang mit einigen anderen pathologischen Prozessen,” Ibid., Vol. LXXXII., p. 40.Made experiments on rabbits and dogs.

Popoff, Leo.Phys. and Prof. Univ. St. Petersburg.

Author of “Ueber die naturliche pathologische Injection der Gallengänge und einige andere, nach der Unterbindung des Ductescholedochus bei Thieren beobachtete pathologische Erscheinungen,” Virchow’s Archiv, Vol. LXXXI. (1880), p. 524; “Ueber die Folgen der Unterbindung der Ureteren und der Nierenarterien bei Thieren, im Zusammenhang mit einigen anderen pathologischen Prozessen,” Ibid., Vol. LXXXII., p. 40.

Made experiments on rabbits and dogs.

Pouchet, Félix Archimède.Born at Rouen, 1800. Died at Rouen, 1872. M.D. Paris, 1827; Prof. Nat. Hist. Museum of Rouen; Prof. Med. Sch. Rouen, 1838; Member of several Learned Socs.Author of “Histoire naturelle de la famille des Solanées,” Rouen, 1829; “Zoologie classique, ou Histoire naturelle du règne animal,” 1841; “Recherches sur l’anatomie et la physiologie des mollusques,” 1842; “Théorie positive de l’ovulation spontanée, et de la fécondation des mammiferès et de l’espèce humaine, basée sur l’observation de toute la série animale,” 1847; “Monographie des genre hérite,” 1847; “Traité élémentaire de Botanique appliquée,” 1835; “Recherches sur les organes de la circulation, de la digestion, et de la respiration des animaux infusoires,” 1849; “Histoire naturelle et agricole du hanneton et de sa larve,” Rouen, 1853; “Histoire des Sciences naturelles an Moyen-Age,” 1853; “Hétérogénie, on Traité de la génération spontanée,” 1859; “Recherches et expériences sur les animaux ressuscitants,” 1859; “Nouvelles expériences sur la génération spontanée et la résistance vitale,” 1863; “L’Univers, les infiniment grands et les infiniments petits,” 1865.

Pouchet, Félix Archimède.Born at Rouen, 1800. Died at Rouen, 1872. M.D. Paris, 1827; Prof. Nat. Hist. Museum of Rouen; Prof. Med. Sch. Rouen, 1838; Member of several Learned Socs.

Author of “Histoire naturelle de la famille des Solanées,” Rouen, 1829; “Zoologie classique, ou Histoire naturelle du règne animal,” 1841; “Recherches sur l’anatomie et la physiologie des mollusques,” 1842; “Théorie positive de l’ovulation spontanée, et de la fécondation des mammiferès et de l’espèce humaine, basée sur l’observation de toute la série animale,” 1847; “Monographie des genre hérite,” 1847; “Traité élémentaire de Botanique appliquée,” 1835; “Recherches sur les organes de la circulation, de la digestion, et de la respiration des animaux infusoires,” 1849; “Histoire naturelle et agricole du hanneton et de sa larve,” Rouen, 1853; “Histoire des Sciences naturelles an Moyen-Age,” 1853; “Hétérogénie, on Traité de la génération spontanée,” 1859; “Recherches et expériences sur les animaux ressuscitants,” 1859; “Nouvelles expériences sur la génération spontanée et la résistance vitale,” 1863; “L’Univers, les infiniment grands et les infiniments petits,” 1865.

Pouchet, Henri Ch. Georges, Paris. (Son of the preceding.) B. at Rouen, 1833. M.D. Paris, 1864; Replaced Paul Bert at the Sorbonne in 1875; Prof. Comp. Anat. Museum Nat. Hist., 1879; Prof. of Biological Chemistry, Medical Faculty.Author of “De la Pluralité des Races Humaines,” 1858; “Histologie Humaine,” 1863, etc., etc.Made experiments on the extirpation of the spleen in animals, fishes, and pigeons; also with electricity on fishes.

Author of “De la Pluralité des Races Humaines,” 1858; “Histologie Humaine,” 1863, etc., etc.

Made experiments on the extirpation of the spleen in animals, fishes, and pigeons; also with electricity on fishes.

Power, D’Arcy, 27, Gt. Cumberland Place, Hyde Park, W. B.A. Oxon. (Exhib. in Nat. Sci. Exeter Coll., 1st class in Nat. Sci.), 1878; M.A., 1881; M.B., 1882; M.R.C.S. Eng., 1882; (Oxon., St. Bartholomew, Vienna, and Dub.); House Surg. (late Ophth. House Surg.) St. Barthol. Hosp.; Asst. Demonst. of Physiol. St. Barthol. Hosp. Med. Sch., 1878-81.Author of various articles in Quart. Micros. Journ., St. Barthol. Hosp. Reps. &c.; joint author (with Dr. V. D. Harris) of “Handbook for the Physiological Laboratory,” 1882.

Author of various articles in Quart. Micros. Journ., St. Barthol. Hosp. Reps. &c.; joint author (with Dr. V. D. Harris) of “Handbook for the Physiological Laboratory,” 1882.

Power, Henry, 37A, Great Cumberland Place, W. M.B. Lond. (Univ. Med. Schol. in Surg. and Comp. Anat.), 1855: F.R.C.S. Eng., 1854; M., 1851 (St. Barthol.); Exhib. in Anat. and Physiol. Univ. Lond., 1852; Fell. Roy. Med. Chir. Soc.; Mem. Path. Soc.; Mem. Counc. (late Arris and Gale Lect. on Anat. and Physiol.) R.C.S. Eng.; Sen. Opth. Surg. and Lect. on Opth. Surg. St. Barthol. Hosp.; Cons. Opth. Surg. St. Barthol. Hosp., Chatham; Exam. in Anat. and Phys. R.C.S. Eng.Editor of 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th edit. of Dr. Carpenter’s “Principles of Human Physiology,” 1864-69-76; “Illustrations of the Principle Diseases of the Eye,” 1869; Transl. of “Stricker’s Manualof Human and Comparative Histology,” New Syd. Soc. 1870; and of “Erb on the Diseases of the Nervous System,” Ziemssen’s Cyclop.; Editor (with Dr. Sedgwick) of “Mayne’s Expository Lexicon.”Made experiments with Dr. Lauder Brunton on the diuretic action of Digitalis.

Editor of 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th edit. of Dr. Carpenter’s “Principles of Human Physiology,” 1864-69-76; “Illustrations of the Principle Diseases of the Eye,” 1869; Transl. of “Stricker’s Manualof Human and Comparative Histology,” New Syd. Soc. 1870; and of “Erb on the Diseases of the Nervous System,” Ziemssen’s Cyclop.; Editor (with Dr. Sedgwick) of “Mayne’s Expository Lexicon.”

Made experiments with Dr. Lauder Brunton on the diuretic action of Digitalis.

Preyer, Thierry William, Jena University. Born at Manchester, 1841; M.D. 1866 (Univs. Bonn, Berlin, Heidelberg, Vienna, and Paris); Prof. Physiol. Jena, 1869, and Direct. of the Physiol. Instit.Author of “Die Blausauere,” Bonn, 1868-70, “Reise nach Island im Sommer,” 1860; “Ueber die Aufgabe der Naturwissenschaft,” Jena, 1866; “Die Empfindungen,” Berlin, 1867; “Der Kampf um das Dasein,” Bonn, 1868; “Die Blutkrystalle,” Jena, 1871; “Ueber die Ursache des Schlafs,” Stuttgart, 1877; “Ueber die Grenzen der Tonwahrnehmung,” Jena, 1876; “Elemente der reinen Empfindungslehre,” Jena, 1877; “Die Kataplexie und der thierische hypnotismus,” Jena, 1878; “Akustische Untersuchungen,” Jena, 1879.

Preyer, Thierry William, Jena University. Born at Manchester, 1841; M.D. 1866 (Univs. Bonn, Berlin, Heidelberg, Vienna, and Paris); Prof. Physiol. Jena, 1869, and Direct. of the Physiol. Instit.

Author of “Die Blausauere,” Bonn, 1868-70, “Reise nach Island im Sommer,” 1860; “Ueber die Aufgabe der Naturwissenschaft,” Jena, 1866; “Die Empfindungen,” Berlin, 1867; “Der Kampf um das Dasein,” Bonn, 1868; “Die Blutkrystalle,” Jena, 1871; “Ueber die Ursache des Schlafs,” Stuttgart, 1877; “Ueber die Grenzen der Tonwahrnehmung,” Jena, 1876; “Elemente der reinen Empfindungslehre,” Jena, 1877; “Die Kataplexie und der thierische hypnotismus,” Jena, 1878; “Akustische Untersuchungen,” Jena, 1879.

Priestley, John.Asst. Lect. in Physiol. Owen’s Coll., Manchester.Author of “An Account of the Anatomy and Physiology of Batrachian Lymph-Hearts,” “Journ. of Physiol.,” Vol. I., No. 1, p. 1.Made experiments in the Physiological Laboratory of Owen’s College, Manchester; also jointly with Prof. A. Gamgee, on dogs, rabbits, and frogs.

Priestley, John.Asst. Lect. in Physiol. Owen’s Coll., Manchester.

Author of “An Account of the Anatomy and Physiology of Batrachian Lymph-Hearts,” “Journ. of Physiol.,” Vol. I., No. 1, p. 1.

Made experiments in the Physiological Laboratory of Owen’s College, Manchester; also jointly with Prof. A. Gamgee, on dogs, rabbits, and frogs.

Prudden, T. Mitchell.M.D. Direct. of the Physiol. and Pathol. Lab. of the Alumni Association of the Coll. Phys. and Surg., New York; Lect. on Normal Hist. in Yale Med. Coll. Pathol. to the Manhattan Eye and Ear Hosp.Author of “Action of Salicylic Acid upon Blood Cells,” Amer. Journ. of Med. Sci. 1882, p. 64; “Rhabdomyoma of the Parotid Gland,” Ibid., 1883, p. 438; “Experimental Studies on the Transplantation of cartilage,” Ibid., 1881, p. 360.“Action (of Salicylic Acid) on the Circulation and Emigration.—This was studied in the bladder and mesentery of the living curarized frog, Thorm’s frog-plate being used as in the former experiments.”—Amer. Journ. of Med. Sci., 1882, p. 67.

Author of “Action of Salicylic Acid upon Blood Cells,” Amer. Journ. of Med. Sci. 1882, p. 64; “Rhabdomyoma of the Parotid Gland,” Ibid., 1883, p. 438; “Experimental Studies on the Transplantation of cartilage,” Ibid., 1881, p. 360.

“Action (of Salicylic Acid) on the Circulation and Emigration.—This was studied in the bladder and mesentery of the living curarized frog, Thorm’s frog-plate being used as in the former experiments.”—Amer. Journ. of Med. Sci., 1882, p. 67.

Puglia, Guiseppe.Prof. Classe Zoojatrice, Modena.

Pugliatti, Guiseppe.Prof. Messina University.

Purser, John Mallet, 3, Wilton Terrace, Dublin. M.D.T.C.D., 1874; M.B., 1863; F.R.Q.C.P. Irel., 1876; L. and L.M., 1865; L.R.C.S.T., 1863; L.M. Rot. Hosp. Dub., 1863; (Univ. Dub. and Carm. Sch.); Mem. Path.; Soc. Dub., and Med. Soc. Coll. Phys.; Prof. of Insts. of Med. Sch. of Physic. T.C. Dub.; Lect. on Physiol. Carm. Sch. of Med.Contrib. papers to various journals.Held a License for Vivisection at Laboratory Medical College, Dr. Steeven’s Hospital, Dublin, Physiological Laboratory, Carmichael School of Medicine, and 212, Great Brunswick Street,Dublin, in 1878 and 1879; also in 1888, at Physiological Workroom, 3, Wilton Terrace. No Experiments returned in 1878 and 1879.“Considers that experiments on live animals are necessary for demonstration, the greater number would be under anæsthetics (4793-99A), but some painful ones on the sensitive nerves of warm-blooded animals are desirable (4793-99A).”—Digest Ev. Roy. Com., London, 1876, p. 35.

Contrib. papers to various journals.

Held a License for Vivisection at Laboratory Medical College, Dr. Steeven’s Hospital, Dublin, Physiological Laboratory, Carmichael School of Medicine, and 212, Great Brunswick Street,Dublin, in 1878 and 1879; also in 1888, at Physiological Workroom, 3, Wilton Terrace. No Experiments returned in 1878 and 1879.

“Considers that experiments on live animals are necessary for demonstration, the greater number would be under anæsthetics (4793-99A), but some painful ones on the sensitive nerves of warm-blooded animals are desirable (4793-99A).”—Digest Ev. Roy. Com., London, 1876, p. 35.

Putnam, James J.M.D. Boston, United States.Author of “Contribution to the Physiology of the Cortex Cerebri,” “Boston Surgical and Med. Journ.,” 1874, No. 16.

Putnam, James J.M.D. Boston, United States.

Author of “Contribution to the Physiology of the Cortex Cerebri,” “Boston Surgical and Med. Journ.,” 1874, No. 16.

Pütz, H.Prof. Extraord. Halle Univ.Injected human tuberculous matter into horses. Results negative. Also fed a calf on 3½ lbs. of tuberculous human lung, and kept it alive 170 days. Results equally negative. Tuberculous matter injected into the lungs and abdomen of calves.—Deutsche Med. Wochenschrift, 1882, No. 48, p. 652.

Pütz, H.Prof. Extraord. Halle Univ.

Injected human tuberculous matter into horses. Results negative. Also fed a calf on 3½ lbs. of tuberculous human lung, and kept it alive 170 days. Results equally negative. Tuberculous matter injected into the lungs and abdomen of calves.—Deutsche Med. Wochenschrift, 1882, No. 48, p. 652.

Putzeys, Felix.M.D. Liège.Joint author (with Aug. Swan) of “Ueber die physiologische Wirkung des Schefelsauren Guanidins,” Pflüger’s Archiv, Vol. XII., p. 597.Experiments on frogs with guanidin. Spinal narrow cut, nervus ischiadicus cut and stimulated, then guanidin injected. Frogs hung up by a string through the chin and hind members dipped into guanidin. Heart exposed, nervus vagus cut, and guanidin injected.

Putzeys, Felix.M.D. Liège.

Joint author (with Aug. Swan) of “Ueber die physiologische Wirkung des Schefelsauren Guanidins,” Pflüger’s Archiv, Vol. XII., p. 597.

Experiments on frogs with guanidin. Spinal narrow cut, nervus ischiadicus cut and stimulated, then guanidin injected. Frogs hung up by a string through the chin and hind members dipped into guanidin. Heart exposed, nervus vagus cut, and guanidin injected.

Pye, Walter, 4, Sackville Street, Piccadilly, W., and Thatched House Club, St. James’s Street, S.W. F.R.C.S. Eng., 1878; M. 1876 (St. Barthol.); Fell. Roy. Med. Chir. Soc. and Med. Soc. Lond.; Mem. Harv. and Ophth. Socs.; Lect. on Physiol. St. Mary’s Hosp. Med. Sch.; Asst. Surg. Victoria Hosp. for Children; Anat. Asst. Mus. R.C.S. Eng., House Surg. and House Phys. St. Barthol. Hosp.; Lect. on Physiol. St. Mary’s Hosp. Med. Sch.Contrib. to Philos. Trans., Practitioner, 1877, and other Med. Journs.Held a License for Vivisection at St. Bartholomew’s Hospital Medical School, 1878 and 1879. Certificate for Experiments without Anæsthetics conjointly with Dr. Lauder Brunton in 1879. This Certificate not acted upon. No experiments returned in 1878.

Contrib. to Philos. Trans., Practitioner, 1877, and other Med. Journs.

Held a License for Vivisection at St. Bartholomew’s Hospital Medical School, 1878 and 1879. Certificate for Experiments without Anæsthetics conjointly with Dr. Lauder Brunton in 1879. This Certificate not acted upon. No experiments returned in 1878.

Pye-Smith, Philip Henry, 54, Harley Street, Cavendish Square, W. B.A. Lond. (Hon.) 1858; M.D. (Gold Medal), 1864; M.B. (Hon.) 1863; F.R.C.P. Lond., 1870; M. 1865 (Guy’s and Continental Schools); Exam. in Physiol. Univ. Lond.; Sen. Asst. Phys. and Lect. on Physiology Guy’s Hosp.; Secretary of the Association for the Advancement of Medicine by Research.Author of “Address to the Department of Anatomy and Physiology,” Brit. Ass., 1879; Report (with Dr. Brunton) on “Intestinal Secretion,” etc., etc.Held a License for Vivisection at Guy’s Hospital Museum Theatre and Lecture Room in 1878-79-80-81-82-83. Certificates for Illustrationsof Lectures in 1878-79-80-81-82-83. Certificates Dispensing with obligation to kill in 1878-79-80-82-83. Certificates for Experiments on Cats, Dogs, Horses, Mules, or Asses, in 1878. No experiments on Horses, Mules, or Asses returned.“Considers that the study of Physiology in its full sense is impossible without vivisection.”—Digest Ev. Roy. Com., p. 19.

Author of “Address to the Department of Anatomy and Physiology,” Brit. Ass., 1879; Report (with Dr. Brunton) on “Intestinal Secretion,” etc., etc.

Held a License for Vivisection at Guy’s Hospital Museum Theatre and Lecture Room in 1878-79-80-81-82-83. Certificates for Illustrationsof Lectures in 1878-79-80-81-82-83. Certificates Dispensing with obligation to kill in 1878-79-80-82-83. Certificates for Experiments on Cats, Dogs, Horses, Mules, or Asses, in 1878. No experiments on Horses, Mules, or Asses returned.

“Considers that the study of Physiology in its full sense is impossible without vivisection.”—Digest Ev. Roy. Com., p. 19.

Quincke, H.B. 1834, at Frankfort-on-the-Oder. Prof. Wurzburg, 1878; afterwards Med. Councillor, Direct. of Clinic. at Kiel.Author of “Beiträge zur Lehre vom Icterus,” Virchow’s Archiv, 1884, Vol. V., Book i., p. 125.Made experiments on dogs, rabbits, mice, and pigeons.

Quincke, H.B. 1834, at Frankfort-on-the-Oder. Prof. Wurzburg, 1878; afterwards Med. Councillor, Direct. of Clinic. at Kiel.

Author of “Beiträge zur Lehre vom Icterus,” Virchow’s Archiv, 1884, Vol. V., Book i., p. 125.

Made experiments on dogs, rabbits, mice, and pigeons.

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