175. Filaments united, 8 or more. Style 1. Embryo without cotyledons.Herbs. Leaves scale-like, not green. Flowers unisexual.64. Rafflesiaceae.Filaments free. Embryo with 2 cotyledons. Shrubs or trees. Leaves well developed.176176. Flowers unisexual. Perianth 4-5-parted. Stamens 4-5. Style 1.Grevea,96. Saxifragaceae.Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth 7-8-parted. Stamens numerous.Styles 2-3.Bembicia.159. Flacourtiaceae.177. (153.) Ovules solitary in each ovary-cell.178Ovules 2 or more in each ovary-cell.183178. Ovules erect or ascending.179Ovules pendulous or descending.180179. Leaves opposite or whorled. Perianth corolla-like. Ovary-cells and styles 2. Embryo curved.219. Rubiaceae.Leaves alternate. Perianth calyx-like. Embryo straight.137. Rhamnaceae.180. Perianth wanting in the male flowers. Stamens 4. Ovary almost completely2-celled. Seeds exalbuminous. Shrubs. Leaves stipulate.Corylus,50. Betulaceae.Perianth present in all flowers. Seeds albuminous. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs or trees, but then, as usually, leaves exstipulate.181181. Flowers in umbels or heads, rarely in whorls, and then leaves stipulate.Perianth-segments 5, alternating with as many stamens. Ovary-cells and styles 2. Seeds with horny albumen; embryo small.186. Umbelliferae.Flowers solitary or in axillary fascicles or in spikes. Leaves exstipulate.Perianth-segments 4, rarely 3 or 5. Seeds with fleshy or mealy albumen.Herbs or undershrubs.182182. Flowers hermaphrodite. Seeds with a curved embryo and mealy albumen.Leaves undivided.Tetragonia,72. Aizoaceae.Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Stamens 2, 4, or 8. Seeds with a straight embryo and fleshy albumen. Leaves, at least the lower ones, deeply divided.Myriophyllum,183. Halorrhagaceae.183. (177.) Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell. Styles 3-6. Perianth-segments more or less united. Flowers unisexual, spicate. Leaves stipulate.Trees or shrubs.51. Fagaceae.Ovules numerous in each ovary-cell, rarely (Lecythidaceae) 2-6, but then style 1 and flowers hermaphrodite.184184. Perianth-segments obviously united below. Seeds albuminous. Leaves without stipules.185Perianth-segments free or nearly so. Seeds exalbuminous.186185. Flowers unisexual, in terminal spikes, racemes or panicles. Perianth regular. Fruit a berry. Embryo without cotyledons. Herbs. Leaves scale-like, not green.Cytinus,64. Rafflesiaceae.Flowers hermaphrodite, solitary or fascicled in the axils of the leaves.Perianth irregular. Stamens adnate to the style. Fruit a capsule.Embryo with 2 cotyledons. Leaves well developed, green.Aristolochia,63. Aristolochiaceae.186. Flowers unisexual, in cymes. Perianth irregular. Stamens numerous.Styles 2-6, free or united at the base. Leaves stipulate.Begonia,165. Begoniaceae.Flowers hermaphrodite, solitary or in racemes or heads. Perianth regular. Style 1, undivided.187187. Stamens 3-6. Leaves stipulate. Herbs.Ludwigia,182. Oenotheraceae.Stamens numerous. Leaves exstipulate. Trees or shrubs.176. Lecythidaceae.188. (53.) Ovary superior or nearly so.189Ovary inferior to half-inferior.481189. Ovary 1, entire or lobed.190Ovaries 2 or more, separate or united at the base only.451190. Ovary 1-celled, sometimes with incomplete partitions or containing one or more empty rudimentary cells besides the fertile one.191Ovary completely or almost completely 2- or more-celled, the partitions sometimes not quite reaching the apex; or one cell only fertile, the others empty but well developed.273191. Ovule 1.192Ovules 2 or more.214192. Ovule erect or ascending or attached by a basal funicle.193Ovule pendulous or descending.205193. Leaves stipulate. Sepals 5.194Leaves exstipulate.198194. Stigma 1, entire.195Stigma 1, five-lobed, or stigmas 2-3. Stamens 1-5, more or less distinctly perigynous. Flowers regular. Leaves undivided.197195. Flowers regular. Corolla with imbricate or contorted aestivation. Stamens4-5, hypogynous. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, undivided.Dovera,131. Salvadoraceae.Flowers irregular, rarely regular, but then leaves alternate and corolla with valvate aestivation or stamens more than 5. Stamens more or less distinctly perigynous.196196. Style basal or nearly so.103. Rosaceae.Style terminal or nearly so. Stamens 9-10.105. Leguminosae.197. Stigma 5-lobed. Calyx valvate in bud. Seeds exalbuminous. Shrubs or trees.Maesopsis,137. Rhamnaceae.Stigmas 2-3. Seeds albuminous.75. Caryophyllaceae.198. Sepals 2, free or nearly so.199Sepals 3-7, free or more or less united, or an entire calyx.201199. Flowers unisexual. Stamens 8-10. Style 3-4-cleft. Trees. Leaves undivided.Didierea,134. Sapindaceae.Flowers hermaphrodite. Stamens 2-7. Herbs or shrubs.200200. Corolla regular. Stamens 4-7, free or nearly so. Style 3-parted.Embryo large, curved. Shrubs. Leaves undivided.Portulacaria,73. Portulacaceae.Corolla irregular. Stamens 2, three-cleft (or 6, united in 2 bundles).Style simple. Embryo small. Herbs. Leaves dissected.86. Papaveraceae.201. Stamens numerous. Style 1. Corolla with imbricate or contorted aestivation. Leaves opposite. Shrubs or trees.Calophyllum,149. Guttiferae.Stamens 1-10, rarely more, but then styles 3 or corolla with valvate aestivation.202202. Stamens as many as the petals, 4, opposite and adnate to them. Stigma1. Calyx entire or toothed. Petals 4, valvate. Shrubs or trees.55. Proteaceae.Stamens as many as and alternate with the petals or fewer or more numerous.203203. Stigmas or stigma-lobes 1-2. Stamens 2, 4, or 6. Sepals 4. Petals 4.Flowers hermaphrodite. Seeds with curved embryo. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs.88. Cruciferae.Stigmas or stigma-lobes 3, rarely only 1, but then fertile stamens1, 5, 8, or more. Shrubs or trees.204204. Flowers in axillary clusters, hermaphrodite. Sepals and petals valvate in bud. Petals hooded. Stamens 8-10, with 4-celled anthers (or16-20 united in pairs). Style and stigma simple.Hua,144. Sterculiaceae.Flowers in panicles. Petals not hooded. Stamens neither with 4-celled anthers nor united in pairs.127. Anacardiaceae.205. (192.) Leaves stipulate. Stamens 9-10.206Leaves exstipulate, rarely (Polygalaceae) stipulate, but then stamens8.207206. Flowers irregular. Stamens more or less perigynous. Style simple.105. Leguminosae.Flowers regular. Stamens hypogynous. Styles 3-4, free or partly united. Trees, shrubs, or undershrubs.Erythroxylon,112. Erythroxylaceae.207. Flowers distinctly irregular, hermaphrodite. Stamens 8; filaments united; anthers opening by a pore. Style 1. Shrubs or trees. Leaves undivided.Securidaca,120. Polygalaceae.Flowers regular or nearly so, rarely distinctly irregular, but then unisexual or with 10 stamens. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits.208208. Flowers unisexual. Stamens as many as and opposite the petals or more. Leaves simple or digitate.80. Menispermaceae.Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, rarely (Anacardiaceae) unisexual, but then stamens alternating with the petals or leaves pinnate.209209. Stamens distinctly perigynous, 4, 8, or 10. Style simple; stigma entire.Leaves undivided. Shrubs.171. Thymelaeaceae.Stamens hypogynous or nearly so, rarely (Anacardiaceae) distinctlyperigynous, but then stigma lobed and leaves pinnate.210210. Stamens as many as and opposite the petals, 4-5. Calyx little developed, entire or obscurely toothed. Shrubs. Leaves undivided.57. Opiliaceae.Stamens as many as and alternate with the petals or more. Calyx distinctly developed.211211. Stamens 6. Sepals 4. Petals 4. Embryo curved. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. Leaves simple.88. Cruciferae.Stamens 4 or more, rarely 6, but then sepals 3 and petals 3. Shrubs or trees.212212. Stamens numerous; filaments united. Style thread-shaped. Corolla with imbricate or contorted aestivation. Leaves opposite, undivided.Shrubs.Endodesmia,149. Guttiferae.Stamens 4-20; if more than 10, then style short and thick, corolla with valvate aestivation, and leaves pinnate.213213. Ovule with ventral raphe. Stamens 10. Leaves with 1-3 transparently dotted leaflets.Eriander,115. Rutaceae.Ovule with dorsal raphe.127. Anacardiaceae.214. (191.) Ovules 2.215Ovules 3 or more.231215. Ovules or their funicle erect or ascending.216Ovules or their funicle pendulous or descending.224216. Ovules attached one above the other, rarely side by side; in the latter case flowers irregular, stamens 9-10, and style terminal or nearly so.Leaves usually stipulate.217Ovules attached one opposite the other or side by side. Flowers regular, more rarely irregular, but then stamens 6 or style basal. Leaves usually exstipulate.218217. Flowers regular. Calyx 5-lobed, valvate in bud. Stamens 5, opposite the petals, hypogynous. Leaves undivided.Waltheria,144. Sterculiaceae.Flowers irregular, more rarely regular, but then, as usually, stamens perigynous or more than 5. Leaves usually compound.105. Leguminosae.218. Ovules straight. Stamens 5 or 10, more or less distinctly perigynous.Leaves compound. Shrubs or trees.104. Connaraceae.Ovules incurved or inverted. Leaves simple, undivided or dissected; in the latter case herbs.219219. Styles 2, free or united below. Stamens 2-5, hypogynous or nearly so.Leaves opposite. Herbs or undershrubs.75. Caryophyllaceae.Style 1, with a single stigma. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, but then shrubs or trees.220220. Style basal. Stamens perigynous. Leaves alternate. Shrubs or trees.Seeds exalbuminous.103. Rosaceae.Style terminal or nearly so. Stamens hypogynous; rarely perigynous, but then leaves opposite.221221. Stamens 5, perigynous. Sepals united below. Leaves opposite. Shrubs or trees.Pleurostylia,129. Celastraceae.Stamens 6, hypogynous. Sepals free. Leaves alternate.222222. Flowers irregular. Sepals 2. Petals 4. Fruit a 2-seeded nut. Herbs.Leaves dissected.Sarcocapnos,86. Papaveraceae.Flowers regular. Sepals 3-6. Leaves undivided.223223. Perianth of 4 sepals and 4 petals. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Style distinctly developed. Fruit a 1-seeded nut. Undershrubs.Flowers white.Dipterygium,87. Capparidaceae.Perianth of 3-6 sepals, 3 petals, and 6 honey-scales. Anthers opening by valves. Style none. Fruit a berry. Shrubs. Flowers yellow.Berberis,79. Berberidaceae.224. (215.) Ovules suspended from a free central placenta. Stamens 4-10.Shrubs or trees. Leaves undivided, exstipulate.59. Olacaceae.Ovules attached to the wall of the ovary, usually near the apex.225225. Ovules one above the other, rarely side by side; in the latter case flowers irregular with 9-10 stamens. Leaves usually compound and stipulate.105. Leguminosae.Ovules side by side or one opposite the other. Flowers regular, rarely somewhat irregular, but then stamens 3-6.226226. Ovules attached laterally. Stamens 3-5. Flowers usually unisexual.Embryo large. Leaves exstipulate, usually compound.115. Rutaceae.Ovules attached by the apex, rarely laterally, but then stamens more than5. Flowers usually hermaphrodite. Leaves simple.227227. Stamens 4-5. Shrubs or trees. Leaves exstipulate.132. Icacinaceae.Stamens 6 or more.228228. Stamens 6. Style 1. Sepals 4. Petals 4. Embryo curved. Leaves exstipulate.88. Cruciferae.Stamens 10 or more. Leaves undivided, stipulate. Shrubs or trees.229229. Stamens 10, hypogynous. Styles or stigmas 3-4. Sepals 5. Petals 5.Erythroxylon,112. Erythroxylaceae.Stamens 12 or more.230230. Style 1, with a single stigma. Stamens 12-20, perigynous. Sepals5-12. Petals 5-12. Seeds with scanty albumen or without any.103. Rosaceae.Styles 2-6 or style 1 with 2 stigmas; in the latter case stamens more then 20. Seeds with copious albumen.159. Flacourtiaceae.231. (214.) Ovules basal or attached to a central placenta.232Ovules attached to one or more parietal placentas.244232. Ovules basal.233Ovules attached to a central placenta.239233. Style or sessile stigma 1, entire.234Styles, stigmas, or stigma-lobes 2-6.236234. Stamens 10. Calyx closed in bud, subsequently 2-3-parted. Flowers solitary or in pairs.196. Styracaceae.Stamens 5-6. Calyx with 3-9 imbricate segments.235235. Flowers 5-merous, in cymes. Stamens perigynous. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Style present. Leaves opposite.Pleurostylia,129. Celastraceae.Flowers 6-merous, in racemes. Stamens hypogynous. Anthers opening by valves. Style wanting. Leaves alternate or all radical.79. Berberidaceae.236. Stamens very numerous. Anthers linear. Style 2-cleft. Trees. Leaves alternate, stipulate.Lophira,147. Ochnaceae.Stamens 1-20; if more than 10, then styles 5.237237. Leaves and flowers clothed with glandular hairs; the former alternate.Stamens 10-20. Styles 5, free. Ovules upon a long funicle. Seeds albuminous, with a minute embryo. Undershrubs.Drosophyllum,92. Droseraceae.Leaves and flowers without glandular hairs. Stamens 1-10. Seeds with a large or rather large embryo.238238. Leaves alternate. Disc present. Ovules upon a short funicle. Seeds exalbuminous.153. Tamaricaceae.Leaves opposite. Seeds albuminous; embryo usually curved.75. Caryophyllaceae.239. (232.) Ovules pendulous. Style 1. Fertile stamens 3-6.59. Olacaceae.Ovules ascending or horizontal.240240. Stamens as many as and opposite the petals. Style simple; stigma entire or obscurely lobed.241Stamens as many as and alternate with the petals or fewer or more numerous.242241. Stamens 3. Leaves opposite. Herbs.Pelletiera,191. Primulaceae.Stamens 4-7. Leaves alternate. Shrubs or trees.190. Myrsinaceae.242. Calyx with valvate aestivation. Petals perigynous. Style simple with an entire or 2-lobed stigma. Seeds exalbuminous; embryo straight.173. Lythraceae.Calyx with imbricate aestivation. Petals hypogynous or nearly so.Style simple with a 3-lobed stigma or with several stigmas, or styles2 or more. Seeds albuminous; embryo usually curved.243243. Sepals 2. Stamens 8-30. Stigmas or stigma-lobes 3. Leaves alternate.73. Portulacaceae.Sepals 4-5. Stamens 1-10. Leaves opposite.75. Caryophyllaceae.244. (231.) Ovules attached to a single placenta.245Ovules attached to two or more placentas.248245. Sepals evidently united, rarely free or nearly so, and then petals 5 or leaves stipulate. Stamens usually perigynous. Stigma 1. Leaves usually compound.105. Leguminosae.Sepals free or nearly so. Petals 2-4. Stamens hypogynous. Leaves exstipulate, simple, but often dissected. Herbs or undershrubs.246246. Flowers distinctly irregular. Sepals 5. Petals 2-4. Stamens numerous.Fruit opening at one side. Embryo straight.Delphinium,78. Ranunculaceae.Flowers regular or nearly so. Sepals 4 or 8. Petals 4. Stamens 4 or 6.Fruit opening in two valves or remaining closed. Embryo more or less curved.247247. Stamens 4. Anthers opening by valves. Stigma 1. Albumen abundant.Leaves dissected.Epimedium,79. Berberidaceae.Stamens 6. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Albumen scanty or wanting.88. Cruciferae.248. (244.) Style 1, undivided, with a single stigma or with 2 or more stigmas contiguous at the base, or 1 sessile stigma.249Styles 2-6, free or more or less united with separated stigmas (not contiguous at the base), or 2-6 free sessile stigmas.266249. Fertile stamens as many as petals or fewer, 2-10.250Fertile stamens more than petals.257250. Fertile stamens 10. Filaments united. Anthers opening outwards.Stigmas 5. Sepals 3. Trees.Warburgia,157. Winteranaceae.Fertile stamens 2-6.251251. Fertile stamens 2-4. Flowers hermaphrodite. Seeds exalbuminous, with curved embryo.87. Capparidaceae.Fertile stamens 5, rarely (Passifloraceae) 4 or 6, but then flowers unisexual.Seeds rarely exalbuminous, and then with straight embryo.252252. Fertile stamens opposite the petals. Shrubs or trees.253Fertile stamens alternate with the petals. Leaves simple. Seeds albuminous.254253. Flowers irregular. Petals perigynous. Anthers opening by a single slit. Placentas 3. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves pinnate.Moringa,90. Moringaceae.Flowers regular. Anthers opening by 2 slits. Seeds albuminous.Leaves simple, undivided.159. Flacourtiaceae.254. Sepals united below. Petals perigynous, sometimes nearly hypogynous, and then, as usual, staminodes or a corona interposed between the petals and the stamens. Flowers regular.161. Passifloraceae.Sepals free or nearly so. Petals hypogynous or nearly so; in the lattercase neither staminodes nor a corona within them.255255. Staminodes present, sometimes petal-like. Placentas 3. Flowers regular.Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves stipulate.147. Ochnaceae.Staminodes wanting.256256. Leaves stipulate, rarely exstipulate and then stem herbaceous or suffruticose.Placentas 3.158. Violaceae.Leaves exstipulate. Stem woody. Flowers regular. Placentas 2, rarely3-5.Pittosporum,97. Pittosporaceae.257. (249.) Sepals and petals together 6 (2 sepals and 4 petals), rarely 9 (3 sepals and 6 petals). Stamens 6 or many. Stem herbaceous. Leaves more or less deeply divided.86. Papaveraceae.Sepals and petals together 7, 8, 10, or more, rarely 9, but then stem woody and leaves undivided.258258. Sepals and petals together 9; sepals 3, small; petals 6, unequal. Stamens numerous, inserted upon an elevated receptacle. Ovules scattered over the inner wall of the ovary. Stigma sessile or nearly so. Albumen ruminate. Trees. Leaves undivided. Flowers hermaphrodite.Monodora,81. Anonaceae.Sepals and petals together 7, 8, 10, or more, rarely (Flacourtiaceae) 9, but then ovules attached to 2-10 placentas and either style distinctly developed or stamens 5-15.259259. Perianth of 4 sepals and 4 petals, rarely (Capparidaceae) of 2 sepals and6 petals or of 5 sepals and 5 petals; in the latter case ovary long-stalked.Albumen scanty or wanting.260Perianth of 3-6 sepals and 4 or more petals, but not of 4 sepals and 4 petals. Ovary sessile or nearly so.262260. Filaments united throughout their whole length, 8. Placentas 3-5, with 2 ovules each. Calyx 4-lobed. Leaves pinnate. Shrubs or trees.118. Meliaceae.Filaments free or united at the base. Placentas 2 or more, in the latter case with numerous ovules. Embryo curved. Leaves simple or digitate.261261. Stamens 6, four of them longer than the other two. Ovary sessile or nearly so. Placentas 2. Flowers regular or nearly so. Herbs or undershrubs.Leaves simple, without stipules.88. Cruciferae.Stamens few or many; if 6, then not four longer than the rest. Ovary usually stalked. Stigma usually sessile. Flowers mostly irregular.87. Capparidaceae.262. Filaments united in 3-5 bundles. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Seeds ex-albuminous.Leaves opposite, undivided, exstipulate.149. Guttiferae.Filaments all free or united at the base. Seeds albuminous.263263. Anthers opening at the apex by pores or very short slits. Sepals 5.Petals 5. Leaves alternate, stipulate, usually lobed.264Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Leaves entire or toothed.265264. Anthers curved. Placentas 2. Petals red. Flowers and flower-stalks clothed with minute scales.Bixa,155. Bixaceae.Anthers straight. Placentas 3-5. Petals yellow. Flowers and flower-stalks glabrous or clothed with simple hairs.Cochlospermum,156. Cochlospermaceae.265. Embryo distinctly curved, folded, or rolled up. Ovules usually straight.Disc and corona usually wanting. Anthers opening inwards or laterally.Sepals 3 or 5. Petals 5, with contorted aestivation. Leaves mostly opposite. Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs.154. Cistaceae.Embryo straight or nearly straight. Ovules inverted. Disc or corona usually present. Anthers usually opening outwards. Leaves alternate.Shrubs or trees.159. Flacourtiaceae.266. (248.) Leaves opposite, rarely whorled, undivided. Land-plants.267Leaves alternate or all radical, rarely (Droseraceae) whorled, but then water-plants with 5 stamens and 5 styles.268267. Sepals united below, valvate in bud. Stamens 4-6. Style 2-3-cleft.Seeds with abundant albumen.152. Frankeniaceae.Sepals free, imbricate in bud. Stamens 9 or more. Seeds without albumen.Hypericum,149. Guttiferae.268. Herbs with glandular hairs or with whorled leaves. Sepals, petals, and stamens equal in number, 4, 5, or 8. Anthers more or less turned outwards.92. Droseraceae.Herbs or undershrubs without glandular hairs or woody plants; if herbs, then anthers turned inwards, at least when young. Leaves alternate or all radical.269269. Flowers irregular. Ovary open at the apex. Stigmas sessile. Seeds exalbuminous; embryo curved.89. Resedaceae.Flowers regular. Ovary closed.270270. Corolla with contorted aestivation, more or less perigynous. Calyx deciduous, callous or glandular within. Sepals, petals, and stamens 5.Anthers turned inwards. Styles 3.160. Turneraceae.Corolla with imbricate, not contorted, or with valvate aestivation, very rarely with contorted aestivation, but then stamens numerous.271271. Seeds exalbuminous, rarely albuminous, and then placentas finally separating from the wall of the ovary. Anthers usually turned outwards.Leaves exstipulate.153. Tamaricaceae.Seeds albuminous. Placentas not separating from the wall of the ovary.Anthers turned inwards, rarely outwards, but then, as usually, leaves stipulate.272272. Stem erect, rarely climbing, and then stamens numerous or anthers turned outwards. Corona, if present, simple or double. Ovary sessile or nearly so. Shrubs or trees. Leaves simple, undivided.159. Flacourtiaceae.Stem climbing, usually tendril-bearing, rarely erect, but then corona 3- or more-fold or ovary distinctly stalked. Stamens 4-10. Anthers turned inwards. Sepals 4-6, more or less united, imbricate in bud.Petals as many as sepals.161. Passifloraceae.273. (190.) Ovules solitary in each ovary-cell.274Ovules 2 or more in each ovary-cell.319274. Ovules erect or ascending.275Ovules pendulous, descending, or horizontal.288275. Disc outside the stamens, sometimes one-sided or broken up into several glands. Leaves alternate, compound, rarely simple and then stamens8-10.276Disc or separate glands within or between the stamens or wanting, rarely outside the stamens, but then leaves simple and stamens 4-6.277276. Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals 5. Stamens 4-5. Ovary 4-celled.Seeds with abundant albumen; embryo straight.Bersama,135. Melianthaceae.Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Seeds without albumen; embryo more or less curved.134. Sapindaceae.277. Petals and stamens hypogynous.278Petals and stamens more or less perigynous. Leaves simple, stipulate.Shrubs or trees.285278. Sepals 3. Petals 3 or 6. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, undivided, exstipulate.279Sepals 4 or 5, rarely 2. Petals 3-5.280279. Sepals valvate in bud. Stamens numerous. Anthers opening outwards.Ovary many-celled. Styles numerous.81. Anonaceae.Sepals imbricate or open in bud. Stamens 3. Anthers opening laterally.Ovary 2-9-celled. Style 2-9-cleft. Flowers unisexual or polygamous.125. Empetraceae.280. Sepals valvate in bud, 5. Petals with contorted aestivation. Filaments united. Stigmas several. Leaves simple, stipulate.281Sepals imbricate in bud, rarely valvate, but then only 2. Leaves exstipulate.282281. Anthers 1-celled. Fertile stamens numerous. Ovary 3- or more-celled.Seeds albuminous.142. Malvaceae.Anthers 2-celled. Fertile stamens 5, rarely more, but then ovary 2-celled and seeds exalbuminous.144. Sterculiaceae.282. Stamens numerous. Leaves opposite, undivided. Shrubs or trees.149. Guttiferae.Stamens 2-10. Stigmas 1-2. Leaves alternate.283283. Leaves pinnate. Shrubs or trees. Stigma 1.118. Meliaceae.Leaves simple. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. Embryocurved.284284. Sepals 4. Petals 4. Stamens 2-6. Glands present between the stamens.88. Cruciferae.Sepals 5. Petals 3-5. Stamens 5-10, united at the base.Limeum,72. Aizoaceae.285. (277.) Flowers irregular. Petals 4-5. Stamens 10-20. Ovary 2-celled.Style basal. Stigma 1.Parinarium,103. Rosaceae.Flowers regular. Petals 4-8. Stamens 4-8. Style terminal or nearly so.286286. Petals, stamens, and carpels 8 each.Dirachma,107. Geraniaceae.Petals 4-5. Stamens 4-5. Carpels 2-5.287287. Calyx with valvate aestivation. Stamens opposite the petals. Style 1, with a more or less deeply divided stigma, or several styles.137. Rhamnaceae.Calyx with imbricate or open aestivation. Stamens alternate with the petals. Style 1, with an entire or lobed stigma.129. Celastraceae.288. (274.) Flowers unisexual.289Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous.293289. Leaves simple.290Leaves compound. Shrubs or trees.293290. Sepals 2-3, united below, valvate in bud. Petals 5, with contorted aestivation. Stamens numerous. Ovary 2-celled. Style wanting; stigma lobed. Shrubs or trees.Carpodiptera,141. Tiliaceae.Sepals, at least in the female flowers, 4-6, sometimes almost wholly united.291291. Ovary slightly sunk in the receptacle, 2-celled. Styles 2. Stamens 5.Anthers opening by valves. Sepals and petals valvate in bud. Shrubs.Trichocladus,101. Hamamelidaceae.Ovary wholly superior, usually 3-celled. Styles usually 3. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits.292292. Ovules straight. Stigmas sessile or nearly so. Stamens 10. Calyx-limb nearly entire. Fruit drupaceous.Panda,106. Pandaceae.Ovules inverted.122. Euphorbiaceae.293. Leaves stipulate. Ovary surrounded by scales. Fruit capsular. Spiny shrubs.Neoluederitzia,113. Zygophyllaceae.Leaves exstipulate. Fruit usually drupaceous.127. Anacardiaceae.294. (288.) Flowers distinctly irregular.295Flowers regular or nearly so.298295. Leaves compound. Receptacle expanded into a disc or elongated into a stalk. Filaments free. Trees or shrubs.127. Anacardiaceae.Leaves simple, undivided. Receptacle small.296296. Stamens 10. Shrubs or undershrubs.119. Malpighiaceae.Stamens 5-8.297297. Filaments free. Anthers opening by two longitudinal slits. Petals 5, perigynous. Style 1; stigmas 3. Climbing herbs.Tropaeolum,109. Tropaeolaceae.Filaments united. Anthers opening by an apical pore. Petals hypogynous.120. Polygalaceae.298. (294.) Stamens as many as the petals or fewer or more numerous, but less than twice as many, 2-6.299Stamens twice as many as the petals or in greater number, rarely (Thymelaeaceae) as many as the petals, but then 8-10.305299. Filaments all united below. Fertile and sterile stamens together as many as the petals, 4-6. Disc not distinctly developed. Leaves undivided.300Filaments free or united in pairs.301300. Stamens all fertile. Seeds albuminous.110. Linaceae.Stamens partly sterile (2 fertile, 3 sterile). Seeds exalbuminous.Cottsia,119. Malpighiaceae.301. Anthers opening by apical pores. Petals and stamens 5, slightly perigynous.Ovary 3-celled. Style simple; stigma 3-lobed. Seeds with abundant albumen. Undershrubs. Leaves rolled inwards when young, undivided, bearing glandular hairs.Roridula,147. Ochnaceae.Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Seeds with scanty albumen or without any.302302. Stamens 6, rarely 2 or 4. Style 1. Sepals 4. Petals 4. Embryo curved.Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. Leaves simple.88. Cruciferae.Stamens 5, rarely 4, but then styles 4 and leaves pinnate. Shrubs or trees.303303. Flowers 4-merous. Disc within the stamens. Leaves pinnate.116. Simarubaceae.Flowers 5-merous.304304. Disc within the stamens. Ovary 3- or 5-celled. Styles or sessile stigmas3 or 5. Leaves simple.127. Anacardiaceae.Disc outside the stamens. Ovary 2-celled. Style simple. Leaves pinnate.Filicium,134. Sapindaceae.305. (298.) Filaments free. Shrubs or trees, rarely undershrubs.306Filaments united into a tube, at least at the base.312306. Disc present, more or less ring-, cushion-, or cup-shaped.307Disc wanting. Leaves undivided.310307. Flowers polygamous, 4-5-merous. Leaves compound, exstipulate.127. Anacardiaceae.Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely polygamous, but then 3-merous.308308. Leaves with glandular dots, compound, exstipulate. Ovary 3-5-celled.Style simple.115. Rutaceae.Leaves without dots.309309. Leaves stipulate, pinnate with 1-2 pairs of leaflets, more rarely simple and undivided, and then stigma 3-parted. Ovary 3-5-celled. Style simple.113. Zygophyllaceae.Leaves rarely stipulate, but then undivided and stigma entire or 2-lobed.116. Simarubaceae.310. Sepals united into a minute, entire or toothed calyx. Petals 4-6, valvate in bud. Ovary 3-4-celled. Seeds with abundant albumen.59. Olacaceae.Sepals free or united at the base only. Seeds without albumen.311311. Petals 5, imbricate in bud. Ovary 2-3-celled.119. Malpighiaceae.Petals 8-10, rarely 4-5, scale-like, valvate in bud. Sepals free, petaloid.Ovary 4-5-celled.Octolepis,171. Thymelaeaceae.312. (305.) Stamens numerous. Anthers opening by one slit. Calyx with valvate aestivation. Seeds with curved embryo. Leaves simple, stipulate.142. Malvaceae.Stamens twice as many as the petals, 6-12, rarely (Malpighiaceae) a few more (11-15). Anthers opening by two slits. Calyx with imbricate or open aestivation.313313. Style 1, undivided with a single stigma or with two or more stigmas contiguous at the base.314Styles 2-5, free or more or less united with separate (not contiguous) stigmas. Stamens 10, rarely 11-15.316314. Leaves compound, exstipulate. Seeds without albumen.118. Meliaceae.Leaves simple, undivided. Stamens 10.315315. Ovary 5-celled. Disc present. Seeds albuminous. Trees. Leaves exstipulate.Saccoglottis,111. Humiriaceae.Ovary 2-3-celled. Disc wanting. Shrubs or undershrubs.316316. Seeds albuminous. Flowers in axillary fascicles. Leaves alternate, stipulate.Nectaropetalum,110. Linaceae.Seeds exalbuminous. Flowers in racemose inflorescences, rarely solitary.Sepals usually with glands on the outside.119. Malpighiaceae.317. Styles and ovary-cells 5. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs.108. Oxalidaceae.Styles and ovary-cells 2-4. Trees or shrubs, rarely undershrubs. Leaves undivided.318318. Flowers solitary or in fascicles. Petals with a scale on the inside. Styles or style-branches 3-4. Fruit a drupe. Seeds usually albuminous.Leaves alternate, stipulate.Erythroxylon,112. Erythroxylaceae.Flowers in racemose inflorescences. Sepals usually with glands on the outside. Styles or style-branches 2-3. Seeds exalbuminous.119. Malpighiaceae.319. (273.) Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell.320Ovules 3 or more in each ovary-cell.389320. Style 1, undivided, or 2 or more styles united to the base of the stigmas, or 1 sessile stigma.321Styles 2 or more, free or united below, but not up to the base of the stigmas, or 2 or more free sessile stigmas.371321. Stamens as many as or fewer than the petals.322Stamens more than the petals.339322. Stamens as many as and opposite to the petals.323Stamens as many as and alternate with the petals, or fewer.325323. Stamens 10. Ovary 10-celled. Herbs. Leaves opposite.Augea,113. Zygophyllaceae.Stamens 3-7. Leaves alternate.324324. Petals with valvate aestivation. Filaments free. Ovary 2-celled. Fruita berry.138. Vitaceae.Petals with imbricate-contorted aestivation. Filaments more or less united. Ovary 3- or more-celled. Fruit a capsule.144. Sterculiaceae.325. Stamens 2-4.326Stamens 5.333326. Sepals 2-4. Petals 3-4.327Sepals 5. Petals 2-5.332327. Leaves marked with glandular dots, at least at the edges. Stipules wanting.328Leaves without glandular dots.329328. Leaves simple, undivided. Flowers hermaphrodite. Disc cushion-shaped.Stigmas 3. Fruit separating into 3 drupe-like, 2-celled mericarps.Seeds with curved embryo.Chamaelea,114. Cneoraceae.Leaves compound, more rarely simple, but then fruit not drupe-like.115. Rutaceae.329. Leaves stipulate. Ovules usually erect. Corolla imbricate in bud.Shrubs or trees.330Leaves exstipulate. Ovules usually pendulous. Ovary 2-celled or transversally septate. Flowers hermaphrodite.331330. Disc present.129. Celastraceae.Disc wanting. Flowers unisexual. Ovary 2-celled.Azima,131. Salvadoraceae.331. Leaves opposite. Petals valvate in bud. Receptacle without glands.Shrubs or trees.197. Oleaceae.Leaves alternate. Petals imbricate in bud. Receptacle provided with glands. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs.88. Cruciferae.332. (326.) Anthers opening outwards. Stamens 3. Disc present. Ovary3-celled. Seeds exalbuminous.130. Hippocrateaceae.Anthers opening inwards. Disc reduced to separate glands or whollywanting. Ovary 5-celled. Stigmas 5. Seeds albuminous.107. Geraniaceae.333. (325.) Filaments united, at least at the base.334Filaments free.336334. Filaments united nearly to the apex. Petals with valvate aestivation.Stigma 1. Leaves pinnate, exstipulate.Quivisianthe,118. Meliaceae.Filaments united only at the base. Petals with imbricate or contorted aestivation. Leaves stipulate.335335. Petals with contorted aestivation. Stigma 1. Seeds with an aril.Shrubs. Leaves undivided.Phyllocosmus,110. Linaceae.Petals with imbricate aestivation. Stigmas 5. Seeds without an aril.107. Geraniaceae.336. Leaves gland-dotted, exstipulate, but sometimes with axillary spines.115. Rutaceae.Leaves not dotted, simple, stipulate.337337. Calyx with valvate aestivation.Triumfetta,141. Tiliaceae.Calyx with imbricate or open aestivation.338338. Calyx large. Ovules pendulous. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaves alternate.Dichapetalum,121. Dichapetalaceae.Calyx small. Ovules erect, more rarely pendulous, but then leaves opposite, at least those of the flowering branches.129. Celastraceae.339. (321.) Stamens fewer than twice as many as the petals, 5-8.340Stamens twice as many as the petals, or more.343340. Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Disc outside the stamens. Stamens8, rarely 5-6; in the latter case ovary 3-celled. Ovules ascending, at least one of them, or horizontal. Shrubs or trees.341Flowers hermaphrodite. Stamens 5-7. Ovary 2- or 5-celled or transversally septate. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs.342341. Ovary 2-celled. Leaves opposite, lobed.Acer,133. Aceraceae.Ovary 3-celled. Leaves alternate, pinnate.134. Sapindaceae.342. Sepals 4. Petals 4. Stamens 6. Ovary 2-celled or transversally septate.Stigmas 1-2. Leaves exstipulate.88. Cruciferae.Sepals 5. Ovary 5-celled. Stigmas 5. Leaves stipulate.107. Geraniaceae.343. (339.) Stamens twice as many as the petals.344Stamens more than twice as many as the petals.359344. Filaments free.345Filaments evidently united, at least at the base.354345. Calyx with valvate aestivation.346Calyx with imbricate aestivation.349346. Leaves gland-dotted, without stipules, but sometimes with axillary spines.115. Rutaceae.Leaves not gland-dotted, usually with stipules.347347. Leaves opposite or whorled, undivided, stipulate. Petals valvate in bud.Stamens perigynous. Shrubs or trees.177. Rhizophoraceae.Leaves alternate.348348. Leaves simple, stipulate. Stamens hypogynous.141. Tiliaceae.Leaves compound, more rarely simple, but then, as usual, exstipulate.Shrubs or trees.117. Burseraceae.349. Stipules present, but sometimes very small and caducous.350Stipules wanting, but axillary spines sometimes present.352350. Sepals 3, surrounded by a 6-toothed involucre. Petals 5. Disc cup-shaped.Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, undivided.Leptochlaena,140. Chlaenaceae.Sepals 4-6. Disc ring- or cushion-shaped or reduced to separate scales or wanting.351351. Stigma 1, entire or lobed. Filaments usually provided with an appendage.Leaves usually compound.113. Zygophyllaceae.Stigmas 5. Filaments without an appendage. Leaves simple, but sometimes dissected. Fruit beaked, splitting into 5 nutlets.107. Geraniaceae.352. Flowers irregular, 4-merous. Disc outside the stamens, one-sided, sometimes indistinct. Ovary 2-3-celled. Leaves pinnate.134. Sapindaceae.Flowers regular.353353. Bark resinous. Leaves rarely dotted. Ovules pendulous or laterally attached. Fruit drupe-like, but sometimes dehiscing. Seeds exalbuminous.