300.2i. De Nino, 130; Finamore,Trad. Pop., 94. In country-places of Sanseverino, when the relatives and neighbours have wept over the body, as soon as it is taken out of the house they sit down to table, talking the while of the virtues and defects of the dead. i.Rivista, 79.
301.1Töppen, 95, 103.
302.1ii. Laisnel de la Salle, 81, 82.
305.1Featherman,Turanians, 520.
305.2i. Hanway, 101.
305.3Batchelor, 205.
306.1i. De Groot, 115, 197, 227, 229; i. Doolittle, 180.
306.2ii. Doolittle,passim.
306.3F. Grabowsky, in ii.Internat. Archiv, 180; iii.Journ. Ind. Arch., 150.
306.4Von Wlislocki,Volksgl. Zig., 99.
306.5Sibree, 240, quoting Rev. R. T. Batchelor, inAntananarivo Annual.
307.1Featherman,Tur., 108.
307.2Codrington, 255, 259, 271, 284.
307.3i. Macdonald, 111.
307.4Featherman,Nigr., 375. Why the fowl should be spared if it refuse to eat I do not quite understand. Compare, however, similar divination in India. Crooke, 164; i.N. Ind. N. and Q., 33.
307.5ii.Rep. Austr. Ass., 322.
308.1Featherman,Papuo-Mel., 34.
308.2Prof. Haddon, in xix.Journ. Anthr. Inst., 421.
309.1F. Fawcett, in v.Folklore, 30.
309.2Featherman,Tur., 506 note, quoting Fahne’sLivland;ibid., 459. The Koraiks of Siberia also kill and eat the reindeer which have drawn the body to the funeral pile, throwing the remains of the repast into the fire. Georgi, 99.
309.3Featherman,Chiapo-Mar., 461.
309.4vi.Rep. Bur. Ethn., 614, quoting Hall.
310.1Tanner, 288, 293.
310.2Featherman,Tur., 541.
310.3Featherman,Papuo-Mel., 399.
310.4Featherman,Tur., 230, 244.
310.5Julian Ralph, in lxxxiv.Harper’s Mag., 176.
311.1Ellis,Yoruba, 159.
311.2Georgi, 92.
311.3Featherman,Tur., 265.
311.4Sir J. Lubbock, in iii.Trans. Ethn. Soc., N.S., 318; Canon Greenwell, in lii.Archæologia, passim.
311.5Featherman,Nigr., 694.
311.6Ellis,Yoruba, 158.
312.1Marshall, 177, 185.
313.1i.Rep. Bur. Ethn., 145, 200.
313.2Featherman,Oceano-Mel., 406.
313.3Featherman,Nigr., 291; Sibree, 241, quoting Guillain,Documents sur la partie occid. de Madagascar; Bourke, 263, quoting Smyth,Aborig. of Victoria; ii.Rep. Austr. Ass., 322; xxi.Journ. Anthr. Inst., 484, 356, 316; Fison and Howitt, 243.
314.1Codrington, 268; iii.L’Anthropologie, 349, citing and reviewing Van Hoevell in theTijdschrift voor indische taal-land- en volkenkunde; Modigliani, 281, citing Rosenberg and quoting Piepers.
314.2Backhouse, 105.
314.3Dr. Sims inAnthropologia, 213; i. Bancroft, 347; i.Rep. Bur. Ethn., 151.
314.4Stevens, 373 note, citingBull. Amer. Ethnol. Soc.
314.5i. Bancroft, 76.
315.1A. Skrzyncki, in v.Am Urquell, 208.
315.2F. Grabowsky, in ii.Internat. Arch., 199, citing several authorities.
315.3i. Bancroft, 731, 744.
316.1A. W. Howitt, in xiii.Journ. Anthr. Inst., 190.
316.2Fison and Howitt, 244. Other Australian examples may be found in i. Curr, 89, 272; ii. 249, 476; iii. 22, 28, 65, 79, 147, 273; xxiv.Journ. Anthr. Inst., 182, 185, 195.
316.3xxi.Journ. Anthr. Inst., 482, citing a Government despatch.
316.4Mouat, 327.
316.5Dawson, 65, 63.
316.6Kane, 243; i.Journ. Ethn. Soc., 249; i. Bancroft, 126; i.Rep. Bur. Ethn., 145.
317.1Mouat, 327; E. H. Man, in xii.Journ. Anthr. Inst., 86, 142, 401, 402; Prof. Owen, in ii.Trans. Ethn. Soc., N.S., 37; E. Palmer, in xiii.Journ. Anthr. Inst., 298; Prof. Haddon, in v.Folklore, 320, citingAnnals de la Propag. de la Foi; ix.Rep. Bur. Ethn., 485, citing Smyth; Dawson, 65; Featherman,Papuo-Mel., 157, 162; Roth, 76; Backhouse, 84; ii.Rep. Austr. Ass., 605; Featherman,Oceano-Mel., 193. The widow of an Uraba preserved the hinder part of his skull; but did she wear it? i. Bancroft, 783. In the same way Speke, 500, leaves us in doubt whether the lower jaw of a chief of the Wahuma, and the finger-bones and hair of an officer of state, were worn by anybody. Probably the former was, as it was adorned with beads. M. Du Chatellier gives an account of a skull of the bronze age unearthed in Brittany, from which a considerable piece had been cut after death on the right side. E. Cartailhac, in v.L’Anthropologie, 266, citing and reviewing an article by the learned Breton antiquary. This is not quite a singular case, and probably points to the antiquity of the practice under discussion.
317.2Issedones, Herod. iv. 26. Krumen of the Grain Coast, W. Africa, Featherman,Nigr., 291. Andaman Islanders, ii.Trans. Ethn. Soc., N.S., 37. Dorah Papuans, Featherman,Papuo-Mel., 34. Islanders of New Britain and adjacent islands, Powell, 10, 165, 251. Torres Straits Islanders, Prof. Haddon, in xix.Journ. Anthr. Inst., 307, 405, 416, 421, 422, and vi.Internat. Arch., 153, 159, 161;Fur. Corresp., April 1891, 198. Admiralty Islanders, xxi.Journ. Anthr. Inst., 5. Philippine Islanders, Featherman,Papuo-Mel., 475. Santa Cruz Islanders, Codrington, 264. Banks’ Islanders,ibid., 267. Solomon Islanders,ibid., 254, 257, 262. People of Ambrym, New Hebrides,ibid., 288 note. Loyalty Islanders, Turner,Nineteen Years, 400, 463. New Caledonians,ibid., 425. Maories, Featherman,Oceano-Mel., 194. Gilbert Islanders, ii.Internat. Arch., 43. Tahitians, Ellis, i.Pol. Res., 401, 406, 270, 272. Sandwich Islanders, Ellis, iv.ibid., 359. Mosquito Indians, Featherman,Chiapo-Mar., 154. Caribs,ibid., 277; Sir R. Schomburgk, in i.Journ. Ethn. Soc., 276. Orinoco tribes, Featherman,Chiapo-Mar., 301. Vancouver Islanders, Bogg, in iii.Mem. Anthr. Soc., 265. Congarees of South Carolina, i.Rep. Bur. Ethn., 132, citing Schoolcraft. Iroquois,ibid., 169, citing Morgan.
318.1Herod. iii. 24; Strabo, xvii. 11, § 5; v. Wilkinson, 389; i. De Groot, 127; Codrington, 262, 268, 288 note; Ellis,Yoruba, 161.
318.2i. Risley, 331; ii. 71; Dalton, in vi.Trans. Ethn. Soc., N.S., 37; Featherman,Tur., 42, 89.
318.3Wissmann, 275.
318.4Julian Ralph in lxxxiv.Harper’s Mag., 177.
319.1iii.Internat. Arch., 70, citing Rubruk and Plan Carpin; iii.Journ. Ethn. Soc., 29; ix.Rep. Bur. Ethn., 485, citing Smyth,Aborigines of Victoria; i. Curr, 89, 272; xxiv.Journ. Anthr. Inst., 186.
319.2C. J. Branch, in xxvi.Contemp. Rev., 761, 762. A few references follow, but many might be added. Featherman,Nigr., 345, 358;Oceano-Mel., 65, 306, 393;Papuo-Mel., 71, 157;Chiapo-Mar., 277; i.Rep. Bur. Ethn., 108; i. Macdonald, 228; Ellis, iv.Pol. Res., 178; Codrington, 262; Speke, 500; vi.Internat. Arch., 129 note, quoting Wilson,A Missionary Voyage; vii.ibid., 228 note; i. Doolittle, 175; Dr. J. Shortt, in vii.Trans. Ethn. Soc., N.S., 244; Turner,Nineteen Years, 338, 400, 425, 463. “In the island of Soa near Skye, it was customary when the head of a family died to have a large lock of hair cut off his head and nailed fast to the door-lintel, to keep off the fairies.” Mackenzie, 131. Was this the true reason? A handful of earth from the grave is prescribed, among the Negroes of South Carolina, to prevent being haunted by the spirit. vii.Journ. Am. F.L., 318. And the same in Tashkend to assuage grief. i. Schuyler, 151.
321.1Deut. xiv. 1.
321.2Wilken,Haaropfer, 19, citingTijdschr. v. h. Aardrijksk. Gen., andTijdschr. v. Ind. T. L. en Vk.
321.3Andree, i.Ethn. Par., 148; Ellis, i.Pol. Res., 407, 410.
322.1Featherman,Papuo-Mel., 155, 157; i. Curr, 272; ii. 179, 203, 249, 346, 443; iii. 21, 29, 165, 549; xxiv.Journ. Anthr. Inst., 178, 181, 185, 187, 195.
322.2Featherman,Chiapo-Mar., 153.
322.3Von den Steinen, 507.
322.4Letourneau,L’Év. Rel., 187, citing theDix-neuvième Sièclefor 26th Dec. 1890.
323.1i.Rep. Bur. Ethn., 190, 124, 100, 109, 112, 143, 159, 164, 183.
323.2Wilken,Haaropfer, 19, citing Francis,Herinneringen uit den levensloop van een Indisch Ambtenaar.
323.3Featherman,Aram., 620.
323.4Powers, 181. The Greeks also scratched their faces until they bled, as a token of mourning. Robertson Smith,Rel. Sem., 304.
324.1Andree, i.Ethn. Par., 150. Other instances of similar mutilation are given by Andree.
324.2Tylor, ii.Prim. Cult., 364. The evolution of sacrifices from gifts upwards is treated by Dr. Tylor in the context.
326.1Burton,Sindh, 281.
327.1i. Crawfurd, 97.
327.2Burton,Sindh, 281; Bellew, 226.
327.3Dr. Daniell, in iv.Journ. Ethn. Soc., 19.
327.4Brinton,Lenâpe, 54, 23.
328.1Cyrus Thomas,Ohio Mounds, 11, 19, 22; i.Rep. Bur. Ethn., 127, 169, 170.
328.2Turner,Nineteen Years, 230.
328.3Featherman,Nigr., 694.
328.4Rodd, 127. Mr. Rodd goes on to notice “that MM. Pottier and Reinach in their work on The Necropolis of Myrina draw attention to the fact that in the course of their excavations they came upon a number of skeletons in which the skull was absent, while in certain cases both the skull and the feet were missing”; and they conclude that the graves in question “are those of strangers, and that the missing bones, like those of the Albanians of to-day, had been restored to the countries of their origin.” This may be so, though the absence of these bones may point to other customs, such as I have already discussed in this chapter. General Pitt-Rivers reported to the British Association at Oxford last year (1894) that he had also found bodies buried without the head at Cranborne Chase.
329.1Cicero,Leg.ii. 24, 60.
329.2i.N. Ind. N. and Q., 45, quoting ii.Calcutta Review, 419.
330.1Hunter,Rur. Bengal, 153, 210; and the authors cited above,p. 318.
330.2i.Journ. Anthr. Inst., 131.
330.3Featherman,Tur., 88.
330.4i. Risley, 125.
331.1Daily News, 20th Feb. 1892.
331.2Burton, ii.Gelele, 78 note; Ellis,Ewe, 159;Yoruba, 163.
331.3ii.Internat. Arch., 181.
332.1i.Journ. Anthr. Inst., 183.
332.2i. Gray, 295.
332.3Rev. S. Ella, in iv.Rep. Aust. Ass., 641.
335.1Dalton, 160, 216, 252, 273, 317, 321; Risley,passim.
335.2Hunter,Rur. Bengal, 188. No one reading the Indian evidence can be left in any uncertainty as to the meaning of the red lead. See Crooke, 197, 294;N. Ind. N. and Q.,passim.
336.1i. Risley, 243; ii. 96, 222, 263. Cf. i.N. Ind. N. and Q., 152.
336.2i. Doolittle, 67-105; i. Gray, 193-209.
336.3Th. Volkov, in iii.L’Anthropologie, 541, 544, 545. A red cloth hung on a girl’s tent constitutes an offer of marriage among the Transylvanian Gipsies. Von Wlislocki,Volksdicht., 351.
336.4Dalton, 220; i. Risley, 138.
336.5i. Risley, 449, 450.
337.1i. Risley, 456, citing Grierson’sBehar Peasant Life.
337.2ii. Risley, 189.
337.3i. Risley, 475.
337.4Ibid.532.
337.5ii. Risley, 201.
338.1i. Risley, 532.
339.1Featherman,Papuo-Mel., 32.
339.2The Weekly Sun, 28 Jan. 1893, quoting from Mr. Creagh’s notes of his visit contributed to a newspaper published in British North Borneo. I am indebted to Mr. Edward Clodd for calling my attention to this. Zipporah’s expression in Exodus iv. 25, 26, points to a similar ceremony among the early Hebrews. See Trumbull, 222.
340.1Landes,Contes Annam., 207 (Story No. 84).
340.2Codrington, 395 note.
341.1H. F. Feilberg, in iii.Am Urquell, 3, citing Haukenaes.
342.1Castrén,Vorlesungen, 323.
342.2Antè,p. 247. In a Lapp story the hero, betrothed to the sun’s sister and separated from her, goes in search of her. When he finds her she is at the point of death from sorrow. He pricks her in the hand, and sucks her blood; whereupon she revives, and they are happily married. Poestion, 233. In Bret Harte’s story ofSally Dows, the heroine sucks the hero’s blood from a snake-wound, and is told by an old Negress that this has bound them together, so that she can marry nobody else. We cannot doubt that the author found this in Negro superstitions. Contrast, however, the effect of this incident with that of the Irish tale ofThe Wooing of Emer, already referred to,p. 255.
342.3De Mensignac, 21, quoting Arago’sVoyage autour du Monde. As to the use of red paint, meaning blood, by Australian natives, see decisive examples in ii. Curr, 36; xxiv.Journ. Anthr. Inst., 171.
343.1Featherman,Chiapo-Mar., 267.
343.2F. Fawcett, in v.Folklore, 24; ii.Journ. Ind. Arch., 358.
344.1Dalton, 216.
344.2Lewin, 129, 177.
345.1iii.Trans. Ethn. Soc., N.S., 81.
345.2xxx.Sacred Bks., 49.
345.3Dr. Leitner, in v.Asiatic Q. Rev., 2d ser., 153.
345.4Paulitschke, 248, citing Massaja.
345.5Dorsey,Cegiha Lang., 342.
346.1ii.Rep. Austr. Ass., 330.
346.2ii.Rep. Austr. Ass., 314, 319; Featherman,Papuo-Mel., 32, 33.
346.3Krauss,Sitte und Brauch, 275-6, 459.
346.4A. G. Contis, in iv.Mélusine, 125.
346.5Rodd, 105; Schroeder, 83.
346.6ii. Witzschel, 235; Spiess,Obererz., 37.
346.7Bérenger-Féraud, 195; Schroeder, 82, 235.
347.1ii. Laisnel de la Salle, 46.
347.2Monseur, 36.
347.3vii.Rev. Trad. Pop., 682, citingManuel des Cérémonies(1494); Schroeder, 83.
347.4Featherman,Aram., 62, 75.
348.1Schroeder, 82; Pigorini-Beri, 14; Ralston,Songs, 269; vii.Mélusine, 4; viii.Rev. Trad. Pop., 542; iii.Zeits. des Vereins, 267; Krauss,Sitte und Brauch, 356, 386; Trumbull, 73; Kolbe, 171; Töppen, 81; ii.Heimskringla, 153.
349.1Kolbe, 147; Winternitz, inCongress(1891)Report, 281, quoting Romanoff,Rites of the Greek Church;Odd Ways, 82, 87, 102, 108.
349.2See an account of an Armenian wedding in London, according to the rites of the Armenian National Church,Daily News, 28 Jan. 1892.
349.3Bellew, 222.
349.4Dalton, 193; i. Risley, 325. Among some allied tribes, when the bride is conducted to her husband’s dwelling she is seated on a pile of unhusked rice. Oil is then poured over her head, and she is presented with some boiled rice and meat cooked in her new home. This she simply touches with her hand, and declares herself to belong to her husband’skili. Featherman,Tur., 60. The touching is doubtless the simplified equivalent of tasting, the simplification being accompanied by words explanatory of the intention of the rite. Compare the Abruzzian ceremony, ii. De Nino, 10.
350.1ii. Risley, 8.
350.2Lewin, 202.
350.3G. Dumoutier, in viii.Rev. Trad. Pop., 405.
350.4xxvii.Sacred Bks., 441; xxviii. 429.
350.5i. Doolittle, 86.
350.6Griffis, 249. This does not appear to be now, at all events, the operative part of the ceremony. Similar variations have affected the ceremony elsewhere.
351.1vi.Trans. Ethn. Soc., N.S., 26; iii.Journ. Ind. Arch., 490; iv. 431; iii.L’Anthropologie, 193; Trumbull, 192, 193; ii. Risley, 325.
351.2iv.Rev. Trad. Pop., 362.
351.3Schroeder, 235.
352.1Th. Volkov, in ii.L’Anthropologie, 558.
352.2A. de Lazarque, in ix.Rev. Trad. Pop., 580.
352.3F. Pulci, in xiii.Archivio, 417.
353.1Featherman,Tur., 88.
353.2R. Parkinson, in ii.Internat. Archiv., 38.
354.1Burton,Sindh, 345.
354.2Featherman,Tur., 30; i. Risley, 497; Hodgson, 178. So among the Mussulman Malabars of Ceylon the bridegroom’s sister ties a consecrated cord around the bride’s neck. Featherman,Tur., 203.
354.3Hunter,Rur. Bengal, 207.
354.4ii. Risley, 69.
354.5Lubbock, 84, citing Hale’sUnited States Exploring Exped.Compare the Kewat ceremony, i. Risley, 456.
355.1Ellis, i.Polyn. Res., 272.
355.2R. Parkinson, in ii.Internat. Archiv, 39; Hertz, 38 note, citing Abel Rémusat.
355.3Dr. W. Svoboda, in v.Internat. Arch., 193, citing the Jesuit Barbe.
355.4F. Fawcett, in v.Folklore, 23.
356.1Featherman,Tur., 490.
356.2O. Knoop, in iii.Zeits. f. Volksk., 230.
356.3Du Chaillu, ii.Midnight Sun, 240.
356.4Zingerle,Sagen, 457; Töppen, 76; A. Herrmann, in v.Am Urquell, 110.
356.5Schwela, in iii.Zeits. f. Volksk., 478.
356.6Rogers, 112.
357.1Gregor, 95.
357.2ii. Laisnel de la Salle, 66, 50. At Nagialmagy, in Hungary, young married women assemble on Saint Joseph’s day and the day following, on the market-place and sell their kisses to all comers. ix.Rev. Trad. Pop., 359.
358.1Filippo Seves, in xii.Archivio, 527.
358.2Ostermann, 347; i.Rivista, 560.
358.3Bérenger-Féraud, 200, 194. A species of bride-dance seems to be practised at Heideboden, in Hungary, and perhaps also in various places of Italy and Greece. De Gubernatis,Usi Nuz., 189.
358.4Herod. iv. 172; Lubbock, 535, quoting Mela; Diodorus Sic. v. 1.
359.1Fison and Howitt, 201-5. The punishment for a guilty wife among some of the North American tribes was similar to that of the Kurnai. See Featherman,Aoneo-Mar., 161. Cf. Robertson Smith,Kinship, 137. Other traces of the Nasamonian rite are to be found among the North American Indians. See, for example, a curious Ponka legend given by Dorsey,Cegiha, 616.
362.1ii. Garcilasso, 442. Elsewhere (i. 59) he speaks of the participants as “the nearest relations of the bride and her most intimate friends.” He only refers vaguely to the peoples addicted to this form of the rite, and cites Pedro de Cieza as making the same assertion. I have not seen De Cieza’s work; but Mr. Markham observes that he refers to New Granada, not Peru. I am strongly inclined to suspect, on more grounds than one, that Garcilasso’s information is not to be relied on; and that, wherever the custom was followed, it was the bridegroom’s rather than the bride’s relations who took part. Did a somewhat similar custom obtain in Paraguay? See Featherman,Chiapo-Mar., 435. It is to be distinguished from a well-known East Indian custom which springs from a different motive. See Hertz, 41.
362.2Mrs. French Sheldon, in xxi.Journ. Anthrop. Inst., 365. A relic of the same custom is found in Guatemala, where the marriage is consummated, not by the bridegroom, but by a kinsman, to whom the bride is brought by the bridegroom’s mother for the purpose. Stoll, 8.
363.1Capt. J. S. King, in vi.F.L. Journ., 124.
363.2Krauss,Sitte und Brauch, 382, 456, 608.
365.1iv.Rep. Austr. Ass., 672. See Morgan,Anc. Soc., 424.
366.1Featherman,Aram., 75.
366.2Volkov, in ii.L’Anthropologie, 538, 539 note, quoting several authorities.
367.1Macpherson, 133. Cf. the customs of other tribes, i.N. Ind. N. and Q., 124, 139, 177.
367.2Marsden, 256.
367.3Codrington, 238.
367.4Casalis, 207; Featherman,Nigr., 642.
367.5Featherman,Chiapo-Mar., 472, 459.
367.6Stoll, 8. See note,ante,p. 362.
368.1i. Bancroft, 411.
370.1See Lubbock, 131, 535; MacLennan, 341; Westermarck, 72. An exception must be made for the Babylonian and similar cases which do not appear referable to the exercise of communal marriage-rights.
371.1i. Risley, 229.
371.2i. Risley, 231. A similar distinction of guilt is drawn by the Dhánuks (i.ibid., 221), the Ghasiyas of South Mirzapur (i.N. Ind. N. and Q., 167), the Dusadhs (ii.ibid., 32), the Kharwars (ii.ibid., 34), the Bhuts, though nominally Mohammedan (ii.ibid., 50), and other tribes. So also in Ladák, iii.N. Ind. N. and Q., 168.
371.3i.N. Ind. N. and Q., 168.
371.4Featherman,Drav., 184.
372.1Featherman,Aoneo-Mar., 590.
372.2Herod. i. 216.
372.3Forbes, in xiii.Journ. Anthr. Inst., 426; Trumbull, 54.
373.1Robertson Smith,Kinship, 137.
373.2Risley,passim. So also the Chukmas of the Chittagong Hills; Lewin, 187. And the Chinese; i. Gray, 219.
373.3Gen. xxxviii. 8; Deut. xxv. 5.
373.4B. W. Schiffer, in v.Am Urquell, 224: Dalyell, 313, citing Leo of Modena.
374.1Sacred Bks., xxv., 337, 361, 365; ii., 164.
374.2Sibree, 246.
374.3Casalis, 199.
375.1Risley,passim; Dalton, 16, 63, 138, 273, 321.
375.2Elliot, i.N.-W. Prov., 136. See also,ibid., 5, 121, 274, 326;N. Ind. N. and Q.,passim.
375.3ii.N. Ind. N. and Q., 24.
375.4i.Ibid.157.
376.1i.N. Ind. N. and Q., 84.
376.2Biddulph, 76, 82; iii.N. Ind. N. and Q., 168.
376.3Fosberry, in i.Journ. Ethn. Soc., N.S., 189.
376.4Featherman,Drav., 558, 244. See Marco Polo, li., as to another Tartar tribe.
376.5Marsden, 220, 228. Cf. ii.L’Anthropologie, 257.
376.6Modigliani, 553.
377.1Modigliani,Isola delle Donne, 212, 215.
377.2Parkinson, in ii.Internat. Arch., 39.
377.3Man, in xii.Journ. Anthr. Inst., 139, 141.
377.4Featherman,Oceano-Mel., 308.
377.5Featherman,Nigr., 288, 290, 596, 762; Paulitschke, 205.
378.1Ellis,Yoruba, 185.
378.2Westermarck, 513, 514, quoting Shooter.
378.3Featherman,Aoneo-Mar., 390. This liability is perhaps annexed to the inheritance; but it is certainly regarded as a liability rather than a right.Rep. Nat. Mus.(1888), 254.
378.4Stoll, 7.
378.5Featherman,Aoneo-Mar., 319.
378.6Grinnell,Blackfeet L.T., 218; Dorsey,Omaha Soc., 258, 367.
379.1i.Rep. Bur. Ethn., 184, 185.
379.2Powers, 356.
379.3Featherman,Chiapo-Mar., 100.
379.4Turner,Samoa, 98; iv.Rep. Austr. Ass., 642.
379.5Featherman,Papuo-Mel., 87.
379.6iv.Rep. Austr. Ass., 628.
379.7ii.Rep. Austr. Ass., 601.
379.8Rev. B. Danks, in xviii.Journ. Anthr. Inst., 292.
379.9Boas, in vi.Rep. Bur. Ethn., 615, quoting Lyon.
380.1Dawson, 7, 27. See as to the natives of Northern Queensland, xiii.Journ. Anthr. Inst., 298; as to various tribes of South Australia and its northern territory, xxiv.ibid., 170, 178, 181, 194; as to other tribes, ii. Curr, 197, 425, 474; iii. 21, 546.
380.2Garnett, ii.Wom., 234.
380.3Saxo, 87; Elton’s version, 106; i.Corp. Poet. Bor., 105. These mythological cases as testimony to an obsolete custom of polyandry may be compared with similar references in ancient Hindu writings quoted by Westermarck, 457.
381.1ii.Rep. Austr. Ass., 314, 320; vi.Journ. Ind. Arch., 319.
381.2iii.N. Ind. N. and Q., 168.
381.3i. Bancroft, 731.
381.4Cooper, 153.
382.1Grinnell,Blackfeet L.T., 217.
382.2Featherman,Aoneo-Mar., 213, 175, 274, 308, 319;Chiapo-Mar., 268, 16, 168; Brinton,Amer. Race, 96.
382.3Dorsey,Omaha Soc., 261.
382.4Fisher, in i.Journ. Ethn. Soc., N.S., 286. As to the Walla-Wallas, see Kane, 267, 270.
382.5Brinton,Amer. Race, 48.
383.1iv.L’Anthropologie, 641.
383.2i. Risley, 6, 17, 32, 135, 170, 192, 268, 307, 416; ii., 65, 69, 96, 186, 229, 293.
383.3Shortt, in vii.Trans. Ethn. Soc., N.S., 240.
383.4Featherman,Tur., 558.
383.5xxv.Sacred Bks., 291.
383.6Paulitschke, 204.
383.7Chatelain, 119.
384.1Lev. xviii. 18.
384.2Featherman,Oceano-Mel., 297, 406.
384.3Rev. S. Ella, in iv.Rep. Austr. Ass., 628.
384.4ii.Rep. Austr. Ass., 331.
385.1Volkov, in ii.L’Anthropologie, 568.
386.1i. De Groot, 3; xxviii.Sacred Bks., 238, 264; xxvii. 442.
386.2Robertson Smith,Kinship, 148, 176; cf. 66.
387.1MacLennan,Studies, 103, citing Latham’sDescriptive Ethnology.
387.2ii.L’Anthropologie, 117, quoting a communication by M. Crampe to the Société de Géographie. Cf. the customs of giving up a child or paying for him mentioned by Paulitschke, 202; xxiii.Journ. Anthr. Inst., 4.
389.1i. Risley, 150.
389.2Marsden, 225, 236, 262; Modigliani,Batacchi, 35.
390.1Featherman,Tur., 63.
390.2ii. Risley, 282.
390.3iii.Zeits. f. Volksk., 391, 479.
390.4xxvii.Sac. Bks., 77; xxviii., 299. In case of divorce, however, she returns to the parental home, ii. De Groot, 507.
391.1ii. Risley, 80; App., 97.
391.2i.N. Ind. N. and Q., 132.
391.3Lev. xxi. 1-4; xxii. 10-13.
391.4Aulus Gellius, xiii. 10.
393.1Featherman,Tur., 107.
394.1Featherman,Tur., 263.
394.2Ibid.,Tur., 283.
395.1iii.Zeits. f. Volksk., 433.
395.2Volkov, in ii.L’Anthropologie, 553.
396.1Krauss,Sitte und Brauch, 278, 275, 277.
396.2Codrington, 237.
396.3Burton,Sindh, 272.
396.4Smith,Guinea, 144.
397.1ii. Kerr, 237.
397.2Featherman,Aram., 422.
397.3Hickson, 282.