Saab.
African: name forHottentot. More especially applied to the Bushman.
Saamen,seeSemian.
Saar,Saarwerden.
Teutonic: sub-dialect ofHigh-German. See “Sammlung,” &c., by Schwalb, Saarbrück, 1833; Journal für Deutschland, 1788.
Sabine,Sabellian.
Extinct language of ancient Italy, closely allied toOscan. See Mommsen’s “Unteritalischen Dialekte,” Leipsig, 1851.
Sable,seeOstiak.
Sabme,seeSuomelaini.
Sabuja,Sabuyah.
American: spoken in Bahia.
⁂ Allied to thePygmeanorNegritoof the Andamans,Shoshoni,Mayoruna,Darien,Gonga, andGe.H. C.SeeKiriri.
Sac,Sake, orSauk.
American: allied to Fox-Indians.SeeKikkapu.
Sachsisch,underSaxon.
Sacramento.
American: Indians of California.SeeMag-R.
Sagzi,seeSegzi.
Sahaptin.
American: spoken in Oregon; they are called Nez-percées by Canadians. The class may, perhaps, be extended so as to include theCayus,Lutuami,Paduca,Palaik,Shasti,Shoshone, &c.R. G. L.
Sahidic,Sahitic.
Coptic dialect of Thebes in Upper Egypt, closely allied toBashmuric. See Tattam’s “Grammar,” London, 1863.
Saho,seeShiho.
Sahoe.
Malayan: dialect of N. Gilolo. Vocaby. in Wallace’s “M. Arch.”
Saint-Omer.
Romance:patoisof French. See “Mém. de la S. des Antiq.” vol. 3.
Sak.
Indo-Chinese: dialect of Burmah, allied toKami, &c. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”
Sakalaves.
Aborigines of Madagascar.
Sakarran.
Dayakof Borneo.
Sakatu.
African: dialect ofFulah. See Lyon’s “Narrative,” London, 1821.
Saki,Sakewi,seeSac.
Sala.
African: dialect of Bomba. See Douville’s “Voyage au Congo,” &c. Paris, 1832.
Salawatti.
Negrito:Papuandialect of New Guinea.
Salayer.
Malayan: small Is. S. of Celebes. Wallace’s “Malay Arch.”
Salbin.
Turkee: dialect ofKoibal.
Saldanha Bay.
African: dialect ofHottentot.
Salibaboo.
Malayan: dialect of Talaut. Wallace: “Malay Arch.”
Salish,seeSelish.
Saliva,Salivi.
American: spoken on the R. Orinoco, in Venezuela, Brazil, and New Granada. TheAture,Maco,Piaroa, andQuaqua, are called Saliva dialects.R. G. L.
Salong,seeSilong.
Salor.
Tatartribe of Central Asia: classed as Turcomans.
Salteaux,Sauteux.
American: Eastern Chippeways; Ojibois Indians at Manitoba and Lake Winnipeg. Spoken on the Saskatchewan R. line. Butler’s “Gt. Lone Land,” London, 1873.
Salzburg.
Teutonic: classed asHigh-German.
Sam,seeSanscrit.
SamangorSemang.
Malayan: spoken by races of Negro origin, in the peninsula of Malacca. Sub-dialects are known asSemang-JanandSemang-Juru.SeeKedah.
Samarang.
Malayan: sub-dialect of Java.
Samaritan.
Semitic: extinct dialect ofAramaic, closely allied toHebrew, and by some regarded as an older form of that tongue than the Biblical Hebrew, being uninfluenced by Chaldee. It is written in an alphabet similar to thePhœnician, but of more ornate character. An ancient version of the Pentateuch in Samaritan is still preserved at Nablous, the ancient Shechem. Grammar by Nicholls, London, 1858.
Samboe,underZ.
Samen,seeSuomelaini.
Samnite.
Archaicdialect of ancient Italy, known only by inscriptions.SeeOscan.
Samoan.
A dialect of Eastern Polynesia; spoken by the natives of Samoa, or the Navigator’s Islands; a group situated in 13° to 15° S. lat., and 168° to 173° W. longitude. This is the only dialect of Eastern Polynesia which has a sibilant.W. G. L.
Samogitian.
Lithuanianof Wilna, a Russian government in the Baltic provinces. It is also calledPolish-Lithuanic.
Samoiede,Samoyed,orSamojedic.
Ugrian: dialect classed asFin, spoken by Tatar tribes along the Frozen Ocean in N. Siberia. Divisions are known as: (1)Nisovi, North of the Beresov. (2)Verkhovi, dialects of the Obi. Grammar by Castrén, St. Petersburg, 1854.SeeSoyotes.
SamucaorZamuca.
American: Indians of Chiquitos. Dialects areCaipotoradeandMorotoco.
San.
American: “San” Spanish for Saint, Sanctus; prefix to several Missions.
San-Antonio, in California. Vocaby. by Sitjar, 1861.
Santa-Barbara.See “Jour. Roy. Geo. Soc.,” 1841.SeePueblo.
Sanangdi,seeSunghai.
Sandan.
Moghol:Tungoosdialect of Manchuria.
Sandangan.
Javanese: Vowel signs in written characters of the native alphabet.
Sandeh.
African: language of the Nile regions. The people are cannibals with saw teeth, reputed to have a deformity of theos coccygis. They are commonly called Nyanya. The language has affinities toTasmanianand to some words of Australasia. There is a vocabulary and a grammar by Dr. S. Schweinfurth, Berlin, 1873; and some words in Petherick’s “Egypt, the Soudan, &c.,” 1861. This language is of very ancient type.H. C.
Sandwich Is.,seeKanaka.
Sanese.
Italic: dialect of Siena. Vocaby. by Gigli, Siena, 1797.
Sangara.
Moghol:Tungusdialect of Manchuria.
Sangiang.
Malayan: priestly dialect of Borneo, largely influenced bySanscrit.
Sangij,Sangir.
Malayan: dialect ofMenadu.
Sangouw.
Dayakof Borneo: allied toBiajuk.
Sang-pang.
Non-Aryan: dialect of E. Nipal, belonging to theKirantigroup. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”
Sanguir.
Malayan: group adjoining Celebes; dialect allied toMenadu. Wallace: “Malay A.”
Sankikani.
American: old dialect ofAlgonkin, spoken by Ogibways of New Sweden, now New Jersey.
Sansanding,seeSunghai.
Sanscrit,Sanskrit.
Indo-European: typical dialect ofIndian, and parent ofBengali,Hindi,Gujeratti,Hindustani,Mahratti,Oriya,Punjabi, andSindhi; it is closely allied toZendand other languages of theIranicbranch, and though no longer vernacular, is preserved in the Vedas and other sacred writings of the Brahmins. The word Sanskrit means “polished, refined,” der.: sam, “together,” krita, “made perfect” = Samskrita, “made euphonic.” The alphabetic character is called Devanagari, “city of the gods,” from Benares, sacred city of the Brahmins; and it is read from left to right like European languages.
The termOld Sanscritis applied to an early numismatic alphabet found on coins of Kabul.SeePrakrit.
Santali,seeSontali.
Sanwar,Sunwur.
Bhot: dialect of the Sunwars of E. Nipal, classed asThibetan. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”A. C.
Saparua.
Malayan: dialect of the Moluccas.
Sapiboconi.
American: tribes of Moxos Missions in Bolivia.
⁂ It belongs to theGuaraniandAgawclass; and is allied toMovimaandApiaca.H. C.☞
Saque,seeSac.
Sarabaya,seeSurabaya.
Sarakholle,seeSeracolet.
Saramacca.
American:Creoleseof Surinam, calledDjoe-Tongo. It is said to be derived from Portuguese Jews, who were among the settlers in the colony, and meant Jews’ language. See Trübner’s “Ludewig,” p. 56.
Sarar.
African: spoken on the N.W. coast, and closely allied toBagnon,Bolar,Bulanda, &c.
Saraveca.
American: nearly extinct. Christian tribes of the Santa Anna Mission, Chiquitos. It belongs to theAgawgroup.H. C.
Sarawasti,seePrakrit.
Sarawi.
Name of the people and language of the Passumah valleys in the interior of Palembang in Sumatra. It is aMalaydialect, with a considerable infusion ofJavanese, and is written with the Palembang or Renchong alphabet.P. J. V.
Sardegna,Sardinian.
(1) Archaic: known only from inscriptions, and assumed to be derived fromLybian.
(2) Romance: dialect ofItalian. Grammar by Porru, Cagliari, 1811.
Sarik,Saryk.
Tatar tribe of Central Asia; classed as Turcomans.
Sarmatian.
General name for theSlavonicfamily of languages.
Saroinsoig.
Malayan: dialect ofMenadu.
Sart.
Tatar tribe of the Khanate of Khiva.
Sasak.
Malayan: dialect ofSalaparang, somewhat allied toSumbawa.SeeLombok.
Sassanian.
Properly a dynasty of Persian monarchs, dating from Ardshir (Artachetr) circa 220-240A.D.Used sometimes as a name for the language employed by these monarchs on their coins and inscriptions. But the language is better termedPehleviorHuzvaresh.G. R.SeeGoopta.
Saste,underSh.
Sastrosworo.
Javanese: accents used to produce alphabetic equivalents for Arabic letters.
Satahuan,Satawal,Setawal.
Micronesian of the Carolines: allied toChamori.
Saterland.
Teutonic: dialect ofFrisic. See Hoche’s “Reise,” Bremen, 1800.
Satrahe.
American: same asAricara.SeeRiccari.
Satsika.
American: “Blackfeet;” tribes ofAlgonkinin N.W.
Sauki,Sawkee,seeSac.
Sausenberg.
Teutonic: classed asHigh-German.
Sauteux,seeSalteaux.
Savage Is.,seeNieue.
Savakot.
Ugrian: dialect ofKarelian.
Savaneric.
American: Panama Indians, near Las Palmas.
Savara.
Khonddialect of the Sour in Souradah. Ganjam circar, British India. Vocabulary in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.” The numerals resemble theThugandKoriakin some respects.H. C.
Savoy.
Romance: mingled dialects ofFrenchandItalian.
Savu,Sawu.
Malayan: dialect ofNegritocharacter, spoken in an island W. of Timor. Diss.: Crawfurd’s “Malay Grammar.”
Sawanno,seeShawanoe.
Saxon(Sachsisch).
Teutonic: name for typical dialect of oldLow-German, now extinct, formerly spoken in Schleswig and Holstein, and thence brought to England; it was closely allied toGothicandAllemannic. Upper Saxon is a dialect of High-German. See “Gedichte,” by Döring, Leipsig, 1835.SeeAnglo-Saxon.
The literary remains, or stages of language, run thus:—
(1)Old Low-German, or Old Saxon, extinct in 9th century, but represented by the “Evangelian Harmony.”
(2)Low-Germanof middle ages, represented by the story called “Reynard the Fox.”
(3) ModernLow-German: (a) Saxon, of Lower Saxony. (b) East-Saxon (Brandenburg, Pomerania). (c) West-Saxon,i.e., Westphalian.
⁂ Saxon is classed by French philologists asCimbrian.SeeMisnian.
Sayanic.
Turkeeof the Upper Yenesei.
Scandinavian(Skanskt).
Teutonic: class name forNorwegianand allied dialects, includingOld Norse,Icelandic, and the modern languages of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway.
Schabbi,seeShabun.
Schan,seeShan.
Schleswig(Sleswick).
Dialect ofLow-German. See “Karte,” &c., by Geerz, Eutin, 1838.
Schonen.
Sub-dialect of Sweden. Lexicon by Klinghammer, Helsingborg, 1841.
Schwaben,seeSwabian.
Schweiz,seeSwiss.
Scinde,seeSindhi.
Sclavic.
Same asSlavonian; Greek form from Σχλαβηνοι.SeeSlavonic.
ScotchorScottish.
(Of the Lowlands). Dialect ofEnglish, as spoken in that part of the old district of Northumbria which lay to the N. of the Tweed. See Murray: “Dialect of the Southern Counties of Scotland,” 1873. Dicty. by Jamieson.
Old Scottish: Glossary by Ruddiman, Edinburgh, 1710; Pinkerton’s Poems, London, 1792. A vocabulary of Scottish Gipsy is given in the “Life of Bamfylde Moore Carew.”SeeGaelic.
Scott’s-River Indians.
American:Englishname for the T-ka Indians.SeeIddoa.
Scythian.
Word used for Nomadic; anciently applied to Tatars, and other tribes speakingTuraniandialects in Central Asia.
⁂ The few ancient Scythian words resembleManchu.H. C.
Sea-Gipsies,seeBajau.
Sechuana.
African: same asBechuana; classed asS.E. Bantu. Dr. Bleek writes “Setshuana.”
Secqlapi.
African: dialect ofKaffir.
Secumne,seeSekumne.
Segzi.
Iranic: earlyPersiandialect of Seistan or Segistan.
Sehuac,seeTehuelet.
Sekumne.
American: Indians of U. California, closely allied toTsamak.
Seldschuk,Seljuk.
Alatyan: a dialect ofTurkish.
Selenga.
Turanian: dialect ofMoghol, closely allied toAimauk.
Selish.
American: tribe of Atnah, or Flatheads. The Flatheads are sometimes called Chin-Indians, because the boards used to compress the forehead serve to thrust the chin forward. Also calledShoushwap. Grammar by Mengarini, New York, 1861.SeeTshihaili.
Semian.
Sub-Semitic: a dialect ofAmharic.
Seminole.
American: Indians of E. Florida. Their language belongs to theCreekorMuskogulgeeclass.R. G. L.
Semitic.
A word formed from the name of the patriarch Shem or Sem. Same asSyro-Arabic; class name for theArabic,Aramaic,Mesopotamian, andCanaanitishgroups of languages, taken collectively.
(1) Arabic, with its affiliations, includesEthiopicandAmharic.
(2) Aramaic is represented bySyriac.
(3) Mesopotamian includes ancientAssyrian,Babylonian, and the modern language of the Chaldees of Kurdistan.
(4) Canaanitish includesPhœnicianandHebrew.
The primitive Semitic alphabet consisted of seventeen letters only. “Sem” is the equivalent for “Chem” by a natural law of speech. ☞
Semitic(Sub),seeHebræo-African.
Sena.
African: dialect of the Mozambique.
Senaar,seeShilluk.
Seneca,Seneka.
American:Iroquoisdialect of Buffalo and Niagara. See “Hymn-book,” New York, 1852.
Sephardim.
Hebrewword; name for Spanish Jews.
Seracolet,Serahuli,Serawulli.
African: dialect of trueNegro.
⁂ Under the namesAzeriye,Aswarek, andSwaninke, Barth gives great importance to this class, though now its area is greatly diminished through the encroachment of the Arabic. It is probable the three languages just named may, along with theFulah, be brought within the same class.R. G. L.
Serawatty.
Small group of the Sunda Islands. Dialects are distinguished inBaba,Kisser, andSermatte.
SerborServian.
Slavonic: native speech of Servia, closely allied toPolishandRussian, and written inCyrilliccharacters. Grammar by Jordan, Prague, 1841; by Schmaler, Bautzen, 1852.SeeIllyrian.
Sereres(Seraires).
African: dialect of Cape Verd, closely allied toSararandSerawulli.
Sergu,seeSurga.
Sermatte.
Malayan: native name of the Serawatte Is.
Seroci.
Negrito: dialect ofPapuan.
Serpa.
Bhot: dialect of E. Nipal. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”A. C.
Serpent,Serpens.
American: Snake Indians; same asShoshones.SeeNaga.
Serrano.
American:Spanishname forTehuelhet.
Sersken,Serskish.
Wendic: theSorbof Lower Lusatia.
Servian,seeSerb.
Sesuto.
African: dialect of Bechuana Kaffirs.
Setawal,seeSatawal.
Sette-Communi.
Teutonic: local dialect of Italy, classed asHigh-German.SeeTredeci.
Severnovzi.
American: tribe of Olamentke in New California. Vocaby. in “Beiträge zur Kenntniss,” St. Petersburg, 1839.
Sgau.
Monosyllabic: Burmese dialect ofKaren. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”
Shabun.
African: dialect of Kordovan.
Shaga.
African: same asAgag; a form ofAngola.
Shahaptin,seeSahaptin.
Shalcha.
Lesgian:Mizdzhedzhidialect of the Caucasus.
Shamaiten,seeSarmatian.
Shan,Shyan.
Indo-Chinese: Thay race of Burmah; used also for a division ofSiamese. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”
Shandoo.
Indo-Chinese: tribe of N. Arracan.A. C.
Shangalla,Shankali.
African: name applied by true Abyssinians to Negro races on the hills; as Dizzela and Tacazze.
⁂ It is anAgawlanguage.H. C.SeeGalla.
Shanghai.
Local dialect ofChinese. Grammar (1868), Vocaby. (1869), by Edkins.
Shara.
American: name forShyennes.
Sharaigol.
Tatar: same asSharra, or EasternMogholof Mantchuria.
Shasti,alsoSaste,Shasta.
American: dialect of Oregon and U. California, allied toPalaik, toKulanapa, andOregones.
⁂ The native name is “Wee-o-how,”i.e., “Stone-house,” a retreat in the famous lava-beds at Lake Clamets, in Siskyon County, California. They are, however, a race alien to theModocs, and speak a different language. For the Chasta-Butte Indians, seeYeka.
Shawanoe.
American: alsoShawhay,Shawnee,Shawnoe; S. branch ofAlgonkin; originally of Kentucky, they are now to be found west of the Mississippi. “Amer. Ethnol.,” vol. ii., p. 113; Schoolcraft’s “Indian Tribes,” vol. ii., p. 470.
Shawi,seeShowiah.
Sheba,seeSheva.
Shebayi.
American:Caribof French Guiana.
Sheffield.
One of the provincial dialects ofEnglishbelonging to Yorkshire. See Bywater’s “Sheffield Dialect,” 1839.SeeHalifax.
Shekak.
Unclassed: N. dialect ofKurdish.
Shekawatty.
Indian:Hindidialect of Rajpootana.
Shellu,seeShilha.
Shen.
Dravidian: archaic dialect ofTamil, calledHigh-Tamil.
Shendu.
Indo-Chinese: dialect of Burmah; same asHeuma.
Shenvi.
Indic:Marathidialect of Bombay. Allied toKonkani.
Sherbro-Bullom.
African:Mandingoof the Banana Islands.SeeBullom.
Sheshatapoosh.
American:Algonkinof Labrador, closely allied toNarragansetts. “Amer. Ethnol.,” vol. ii., p. 108.SeeSkoffi.
Sheva,Sheba.
Semitic: local dialect ofAmharic.
Shia-push,orSiah-posh.
Sanskritic: spoken by the Kafirs of Hindu-Kush.SeePushtoo.
Shibboleth,Sibboleth.
Hebrewterm, used as a test-word; peculiarities of speech; thence applied to distinguishing creeds and dogmas of religion or politics. See Judges xii. 6.
Shienne,seeShyenne.
Shighnis.
Tatar: tribes of Badakshan.
Shiho,Shiko.
Abyssinian: tribe of Danakil;EdoandGumeddoare thus classed.
Shikan.
African:Nigritianof the Gaboon.
Shikastah.
Cursive form ofTalikcharacters, used in Persian as a running hand.
Shilha.
The language of the Shilouh (Fr. Chelouh) probably represents to us that of the ancient Mauritanians and western Gætulians. It is now spoken in the highlands and outlying districts of Morocco. Though immensely overrun byArabic, it preserves its ancient grammar as aLibyantongue. The pronominal system distinguishes it from the kindred languages. In the “Journal of the Asiatic Society” (1847) a long specimen of this language was printed in the Arabic character (“The Narrative of Sidi Ibrahim”), with a tentative interlineary Latin translation and some Notes by Professor Newman.F. W. N.SeeLibyan.
Shilluk.
African: dialect ofKordovan, closely allied toDenka.
Shimagac,seeZapara.
Shina.
Indian: dialect ofSanskrit, used by the S. W. Dards of Dardistan.
Shinicook.
American: Indians of Long Island, allied toMontak.
Sho,Shou.
Indo-Chinese: also calledPwo,Karendialect of Burmah.SeeKhyen.
Shoshone.
American: Serpens; Snake Indians; classed asPaducan. Also called Radigeurs, or Root-diggers. “Amer. Ethnol.,” vol. ii.; Schoolcraft’s “Indian Tribes,” vols. ii., iv.
⁂ It belongs to the Pygmean or Negrito group, and is related toAndaman,Kiriri,Sabuja,Gonga, &c.H. C.SeeMaradiços.
Shoulah,seeShilha.
Shoushwap,Shushwap.
American: same asAtna.SeeSelish.
Showiah.
(Fr. Chaouia), one of theBerberorLibyanlanguages. The name Kabâil, or Kabyle, is given by the Arabs. It is exceedingly mixed withArabic, yet retains its own forms of grammar. The Arabic article “El” (or the letter L initial) is often imported with an Arabic noun, as with us in the words “Alcoran,” “Alcohol”; and feminine nouns take T at each end: as “Tamdint,” from Arabic Medina(t), city. The language is spoken chiefly in the highlands of Mount Atlas, towards Algiers, especially in the province of Constantine. There is little doubt that it represents to us the ancient Numidian, and one branch of the Gætulian. Brosselard’s Dictionary, “Français-Berbère,” whatever its value to a traveller, disappoints a philologer; for by far the greater part of it is Arabic in disguise. Hanoteau’s “Grammaire Kabyle,” gives a large mass of pure words: he has selected the Zouave dialect by preference. It is rougher than that of Bougie, into which Sadi Hamet translated the book of Genesis and the four Gospels for the Bible Society.F. W. N.SeeLibyan.
Shyan,seeShan.
Shyenne.
(Fr. Cheyenne). American:Algonkindialect of the Kansas, allied toArrapaho. “Amer. Ethnol.,” vol. ii.
Siah-Posh,seeShia-push.
Siamese.
Indo-Chinese: a monosyllabic language, called, in full,Sa-yame-phasa, alsoTai, orT’hai; founded onChinese, it contains many elements ofMalay; its alphabet resemblesPali. Grammar by Pallegoix, Bangkok, 1850; Dicty., Paris, 1854.
Siau.
Malayan: group of islands adjoining Celebes. Wallace’s “M. Archip.”
Siberian.
Ugrian: a geographical term, embracing dialects ofTurkorTatar, with theFinnish, asOstiakandSamoied. It is sometimes applied especially to the languages of the Yakuts on the Lena.
Sibnow.
Dayakof Borneo: allied toBiajuk.
Sibsagan.
Non-Aryan:Miridialect of E. Bengal. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”
Sicaunie.
American: tribe of Tacullies.SeeSikanni.
Sicilian.
Sub-dialect ofItalian. Dicty. by Biundi, Palermo, 1857.
Siculan.
Primitive language of S. Italy, classed by some withEtruscan. See Müller’s “Etrusker,” Breslau, 1828.SeeSzekler.
Sideia.
Malayan: language of Tai-wan, the island of Formosa, using an alphabet conformable to theChinese.
Siebenburgisch.
Teutonic: Saxon dialect of Transylvania, classed asLow-German.
Siena,seeSanese.
Sifan.
Chineseword for “Western Barbarians;” the languages are unclassed. ☞
Signs, Language of.
American: described in the “Philosophical Transactions,” Philadelphia, 1804.
⁂ Signs are used by the mutes of the Seraglio and the aristocracy at Constantinople.H. C.
Sikanni.
American:Athabascandialect of N. Caledonia; also called Tsikanne. Vocaby. by Howse.SeeTakulli.
Sikh(Punjabi).
Indic: dialect ofSanskrit, deduced fromSarewastiorPracrit, and much influenced byArabicandPersian. The word Sikh means “disciple,” or follower of the fakir Nanak, a Saint of Lahore,A.D.1469-1539. Its alphabetic character resemblesHindi, and it is the vernacular speech of the Punjab, or “Country of the five” waters or rivers. Grammar (1866), Dictionary (1854), Ludiana.
Sikkim,seeLepcha.
Silesian(Schlesien).
(1) Teutonic: classed asHigh-German; local dialect of Upper Silesia, &c.
(2) Slavonic: sub-dialect ofPolish.SeeGlatz.
Silla.
American: language of San Felipe Mission, New Mexico.
Silong.
Malayan: dialect of the Mergui Archipelago, Tenasserim.
Similaton.
American:Lencadialect of Honduras.
Simisenchi.
American: name for the Piros or Chuntaquiros.
Sina,Sinologist.
Used forChinese, and any profound student of that language and its literature. “S” is the invariable equivalent for “ch” in Semitic languages.
Sinaitic.
Epigraphic: name for certain inscriptions at and near Wady-Mukatteb, or “written valley,” in the peninsula of Sinai.
The language of these inscriptions isArabic, with a slightAramaicinfluence. The character is peculiar, but allied to theAramaic, thePalmyrene, and the modernArabic. The view of the inscriptions taken by the Rev. C. Forster (“Voice of Israel,” London, 1860) is not generally endorsed by Semitic scholars, who assign the inscriptions to a time a little earlier and a little later than our era. See Beer: “Inscriptiones veteres ad Montem Sinai servatæ,” Leipzig, 1840-3. Also “Zeitschrift d. Deutsch. Morgenländ. Gesellschaft,” 1849, pp. 129-215.G. R.
Sind.
One of the multitudinous names forGipsy, probably = “dark”; but Sindh means “sea, ocean, water.” Hence applied to the Indus (Sindus) river.
Sindhi.
Indian: dialect ofHindispoken in Scinde. Two alphabets are in use—viz., theArabicand theGurmukhi. Dicty. by Stack, Bombay, 1849-55; Grammar, 1849.
Sindonga.
African: allied toOtyiherero.
Singhalese,Sinhalese.
The language of Ceylon.Elu, or high-Sinhalese, isDravidian, and closely resemblesTamil; its written characters, however, are more likeCanarese. Colloquial Sinhalese is largely modified bySanskrit;Paliis the religious language of Buddhists in Ceylon. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”SeeCingalese.
Singhbhum.
Same asKol; Non-Aryan language of Central India. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”
SinghpoorSingpho.
Singh = “lion.”Indo-Chinese: large class of dialects spoken by hill-tribes of Burmah and Assam. See “Asiatic Journal of Bengal,” 1837; and Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”
Singkal.
Malayan:Battadialect of Sumatra.
Sioux.
American: Dacotah Indians, closely allied to Iowa, and sometimes classed as Iroquois. They are also called Issati and Nadowessier; and the Assineboines have been classed with them. Vocabularies by Hayden, Philadelphia; Grammar and Dictionary by Biggs and Turner.
Siraiki.
Indic: dialect ofSindhi.
Sirang,seeCeram.
Siranian,Sirenian,Sirjenic.
Ugrian: same asZirianian;Finnishdialect of Vologda, in Russia. Grammar by Castrén, Helsingfors, 1844.
Sisuta,seeSesuto.
Sitcha,Sitka,Sitska.
American: names forKolush.
Situfa,Situga.
American: Indians of New Granada, classed as a dialect ofBetoi.
Siwah.
African: allied to theBerberof Morocco; it is the dialect spoken in Wady Sywah, or Great Oasis of Oum Beida, formerly the temple of Jupiter Ammon. Vocaby. by Minutoli, Berlin, 1824-7.
Skipetar.
Illyric: native name of the Albanians. Mr. Vaux suggests that the word Skipétar is ofTuranianorigin. ☞