a substitute reported,708;kindred schemes,708;Calhoun's proposition,708;debate,708;Calhoun in reply,709;proposition rejected,710;Allen's proposition,710;laid on the table,710;deposit clause attached to the appropriation bill,711;struck out in the Senate,711;lost,712.Delaware.—Her position in relation to slavery,10.De Tocqueville, errors of,159;errors respecting the House of Representatives,205;errors respecting Bank of the United States,226,228.Duel between Clay and Randolph.—Interview between Randolph and Benton,70;Randolph declares he shall not fire at Clay,70;circumstances of the delivery of the challenge,70;reasons for refusing to fire at Clay,70;meaning of "two pledges" referred to by Mr. Randolph,71;conduct of Randolph,71;characteristics,71;Randolph's letter of acceptance,71;protest of Randolph, an explanation,71;further communications,72;remarks on Randolph's speech in the Senate,72;attempt of the seconds to delay the meeting,72;the report of Randolph's remarks made to Clay,73;inquiry between the seconds as to the cause of the quarrel,73;further views on the speech,73;"Puritan and blackleg,"73;place of the duel,73;interview between Benton and Clay,74;subsequent interview between Benton and Randolph,74;Randolph arranging his worldly affairs,74;Randolph at the bank,74;the pieces of gold,75;manner in which the word was to be given,75;the preparations on the ground,75;an accidental discharge of a pistol,75;Randolph's remark,75;after the first fire Benton interposes,76;Clay's answer,76;Randolph's feelings and remarks,76;the second fire of Clay,77;Randolph fires in the air,77;reconciliation and gratification of the parties,77;the gold seals of Hamilton, Tatnall, and Benton,77.Duncanson, J. M., interview with Gen. Duff Green,128.Duval, Judge of Supreme Court,8.EEarle, Elias, Representative from South Carolina,7;Governor,7.Eaton, John H., Secretary at War,120;resigns his seat in the Cabinet,181;appointed Governor of Florida,181;Minister to Spain,181.Edwards, Weldon N., Representative from North Carolina,7;votes for the Missouri Compromise,8.Edwards, Ninian, note of,34;brought back from his mission to Mexico, by the Sergeant-at-Arms,35.Election of 1832.—The candidates,282;a question of systems and measures tried in the persons of those who stood out boldly in their representation,282;the defeat of Clay,282;the success of Jackson,282;the point and lesson of the Vice-Presidential election,282;the vote,282;Anti-masonic excitement,282;its result,283.Elliott, John, votes for the Missouri Compromise,8;remarks on the removal of the Indians,27.Ellmaker, Amos, candidate for the Presidency,282.Eustis, William, Representative from Massachusetts,7;of revolutionary memory,7.Ewing, Thomas, againstVan Burenas Minister to England,215;on the specie circular,694.Expenses of Government.—Expenses from 1820 to 1831,230;comparison with the present day,230;remarks,230;"it is said that since 1820 the expenses have nearly doubled,230;excepting four years the expenses have not increased,230;cause of reduced expenditures in certain years,"230;error in the basis of calculation,231;"two great and broad facts in view,231;expenditures for different years,231;object to show a great increase in a short time,"232;important to know the correct expenses,232.Expunging resolution, notice of by Senator Benton,428.Do. of Alabama.—Resolutions of the General Assembly of Alabama, entreating their Senators to use their best endeavors to cause to be expunged from the Journal of the Senate the resolve condemnatory of President Jackson for the removal of the deposits,524;several States had already given instructions,524;inquiry of Mr. Clay relative to the intention of the Senator from Alabama relative to the resolutions,524;reply of Mr. Benton,524;the notice given by him at the time of passing the condemnatory resolution,524;reasons for giving the notice,524;answer to the inquiry of Mr. Clay,525.Remarks of Mr. King,525;"surprised at the question,"525;bound to obey instructions,525;if the gentleman from Missouri declined, he should at the proper time bring forward an expunging resolution,525;further remarks,525;Mr. Clay's remarks,525;"no motion accompanies these resolutions,525;the inquiry a natural one,525;a hope that the resolutions would be withdrawn,526;if, after consulting precedents, the Senator from Alabama should deem proper to offer them, they would be entitled to consideration,526;until then, his duty to resist such an unconstitutional procedure as the reception of these resolutions,"526."Decline to accede to this proposition,526;object to carry out his instructions,526;at a proper time a distinct proposition would be presented on this subject,"526.Moved to lay the resolutions on the table, by Mr. Calhoun,526;object to give the Senator an opportunity to prepare a rescinding resolution,526;curious to see how such a proceeding would be reconciled with the independent existence of the Senate,526;how is it proposed to repeal a journal?526;the only course left is to declare that the principle upon which the Senate acted is not correct,526;what is the principle to be overthrown but that "we have a right to express our opinions,"526;then it comes to this, that the Senate had no right to express its opinion in relation to the executive,526;"the king can do no wrong,"526;this is the very question in which the expunging our legislative freedom and independence is to be agitated,527;a question or the utmost magnitude,527;none of deeper or more radical importance,527.The question on receiving the resolutions,527;the case of Georgia legislative proceedings,527;the case of Wilkes, in the British House of Commons,527;no doubt of the power of the Senate to repeal,527;have we not it in our power to retrace our steps when we have done wrong, or to correct our journal, which asserts what is not true?527;the democratic party of the country had declared the facts of the journal to be false,527;the party to which Mr. Calhoun belongs,527;resolution laid on the table,528;reception and printing refused to a resolution of a sovereign State,528.Expunging Resolution of Senator Benton,528;extremely distasteful to a majority of the Senate,528;characterized as an indictment which the Senate itself was required to try, and to degrade itself in its own condemnation,528;remarks,528;this bitterness aggravated by the course which the public mind was taking,528;resolutions of several States had arrived, instructing their Senators to vote for the expurgation,529;speech of Senator Benton on the motion,529;time of presenting the criminal resolution,529;length of its discussion,529;date of its passage,529;an announcement of a series of motions for its expurgation,529;this step considered for four months,529;was expurgation the proper mode,529;the criminating resolution combined all the characteristics of a case which required erasure and obliteration,529;a case of the exercise of power without authority and without jurisdiction,529;other modes of annulling the resolution not proper in this case,529;they would imply rightful jurisdiction, a lawful authority, a legal action, though an erroneous judgment,529;it is objected that the Senate have no right to expunge any thing from its journal,529;it is said we have no right to destroy a part of the journal,529;to expunge, it is said, is to destroy,529;not so,529;it is incorporated in the expunging resolution, and lives as long as that lives,529;the case of the Middlesex election,529;the resolution to expel John Wilkes expunged from the journals of the House of Commons,529;words of the resolution,530;annually introduced from 1769 to 1782, and passed,530;the history of the case not lost,530;the resolution adopted in the Senate of Massachusetts during the late war, adverse to the celebration of our national victories,530;expunged ten years afterward,530;the Senate tried President Jackson a year ago, now it is itself nominally on trial before itself, but in reality before America, Europe and posterity,530;the proceedings of this day will not be limited to the present age; they will go down to posterity,530;the first President who has received the condemnation of the Senate for the violation of the laws and constitution which he is sworn to observe,530;the argument of public opinion in the case of the Middlesex election,530;extract from Wilkes' speech,530;do. from Fox's speech,531;an English Whig of the old school acknowledges the right of the people to instruct their representatives,531;acknowledges the duty of Parliament to obey the voice of the people,531;the voice of the people of the United States has been heard on this subject,531;the resolution should be expunged because it is illegal and unjust,531;illegal because it contains a criminal charge,531;the first step taken in the House on an impeachment,531;the British Parliament practise an impeachment to which our constitution is conformable,532;the injustice of the resolution shown,532;this point examined,522;the resolution vague and indefinite,532;the law should be specified and the clause of the constitution violated,532;Giles' accusation against General Hamilton,532;different forms in which the resolution was presented,533;reasons of such extraordinary metamorphoses,533;opportunity for any Senator to speak who would undertake to specify any act in which the President had violated the constitution,533;the resolution was unwarranted by the constitution and laws,533;subversion of the rights of defence which belong to an accused and impeachable officer,533;of evil example,534;speech of Mr. Macon on the vote of approbation,534;the resolution passed at a time and under circumstances to involve the political rights and pecuniary interests of the people of the United States in serious injury and peculiar danger,534;this condemnation of the President indissolubly connected with the cause of the bank,534;instructions sent to the branch banks contemporaneously with the progress of the debate on the criminating resolution,535;extracts,535;six positions taken,536;no new measures to destroy the Bank,537;the President harbored no hostile and revengeful designs against the bank,538;not true that there was any necessity for the curtailment ordered in January,539;no excuse or apology for doubting the rates of exchange, breaking up the exchange business in the West, and concentrating the collection of exchange on the four great commercial cities,540;the curtailments of these exchange regulations were political and revolutionary, and connect themselves with the contemporaneous proceedings of the Senate for the condemnation of the President,540;the case of the Western branches,542;evidence drawn from the bank itself,543;extracts from Mr. Biddle's letters,543,544;article in the National Gazette,545;the distress of the country occasioned by the bank of the United States and the Senate of the United States,546;history of the reduction of the deposits,546;in 1819 the bank was unconnected with politics,546;further proof that the Senate and the bank, and the Senate more than the bank, produced the distress during last winter,547;two instances of the bank creating wanton pressure,547;the resolution which it is proposed to expunge,"549.The expunging resolution laid on the table,549;called up on the last,549;motion to strike out the word "expunge" and insert "rescind, reverse, and make null and void,"549;the friends of the expunging resolution astonished,549;an expurgation of the journal would be its obliteration,549;inconsistent with the constitutional injunction "to keep a journal,"549;the mover of the expunging resolution yields,550;carried,550;exultation of Mr. Webster that the word "expunge" was expunged,550;remarks,550;the original expunging resolution renewed,550.Remarks of Senator Benton,645;"the condemnation of the President co-operative with the conspiracy of the bank to effect the most wicked scheme of mischief exhibited in modern times,646;President Jackson has done more for the human race than the whole tribe of politicians put together,646;his services to the country,647;no parallel to Jackson crushing the bank except in the Roman Consul crushing Catiline,647;further remarks,648."Less than three years were sufficient to express public sentiment in favor of reversal,717;notice of the intention to bring up the resolution,718;the resolution,718;remarks of Senator Benton,719;"the change in public sentiment,720;ascertained,720;how far should the expression of this will be conclusive of our action,720;the terror of Jackson's administration and its effect for good or evil on the country,"721,722,723,724,725.Meeting of democratic Senators,727;final measures taken,727;debate on the motion to take up the subject,727;the speakers,727,728;feelings of the opposition,728;expressions of Calhoun,728;feeling and expressions of Clay,729;Webster's protest against the act,730;resolution passed,730;the expunging done in open Senate,730;excitement in the galleries,731;dinner given by President Jackson,731.FFarnham, Russell, founder of Colony at Astoria,18.Finances.—Distress of the Government in 1820,11;economy forced upon it,11;army reduced from 10,000 to 6,000 men,11;naval appropriation reduced one half,11;twenty-one millions more than double the amount required for the actual expenses of the government,11;how expended,11;mistake to suppose an amount necessary to be left in the Treasury as a reserve,11.Florida, Treaty and Cession of Texas.—Treaty of 1818, giving up Texas and acquiring Florida,15;its denunciation,15;action of Monroe's Cabinet,15;treaty approved by the country,15;points of the treaty,15;letter of Monroe to General Jackson,15;repugnance of the Northeast to see the aggrandizement of the Union on the South and West,16;extent of this feeling,16;views of Jefferson and Jackson on the cession of Texas,16;Spain fails to ratify,16;negotiations revived,16;treaty ratified,17;movement against the treaty,17;change in the relations of Spain and Mexico,17;treaty with Mexico,17;three times ratified by the Senate,17;how the territory was got back,17;extinguished slave territory nearly,17;Indian treaties,18;largest territorial abolition of slavery ever effected,18;how received at the South,18;the inside view,18.Floyd, John, Representative from Virginia,7;moves a proposition for the settlement of Columbia river,13;his character,13.Foot, Samuel A., resolution of inquiry relative to public lands,130;against Van Buren as Minister to England,215.Forsyth, John, on the donation to the Greeks,63;for Van Buren as Minister to England,216;on the Compromise tariff bill,315;Secretary of State,477.Frelinghuysen, Theodore, against Van Buren as Minister to England,215.French and Spanish Land Claims, settlement of.—State of titles in Louisiana on its transfer to the United States,219;the treaty protected every thing that was property,279;the question was to apply it to the land titles,279;boards of commissions established,279;their operation,279;defects,279;the act of 1832,280;its first section,280;its successful operation,280.French Indemnity.—Special communication from the President,588;French fleet approaching the coast,588;implying a design to overawe the government or to be ready for expected hostilities,588;remarks of the message on the subject of an apology,588;a private attempt to obtain a dictated apology,588;an attempt made to get this refused apology placed on the archives of the government,588;statement of the message,589;the interdiction of our ports to the entry of French vessels and French products recommended,589;nature of the treaty that had been formed,589;stipulated for reduction of duties on wines by our government and the payment of indemnity by France,589;advantages to France,590;reasons of such delay on the part of France,590;extract relative to the French armament,590.Calhoun charges upon the President a design to have war with France,591;Benton asserts that the conduct of the Senate at its last session had given to the French question its present hostile aspect,591;remarks,591;conduct of France insulting to us,591;an example from French history,591;a party in the French Chambers working to separate the President from the people of the United States, and to make him responsible for the hostile attitude of the two countries,592;comments on the approach of the French fleet,593;the present state of affairs charged upon the conduct of the Senate,593;defence of Senators,594;the Senate charged with the loss of the defence bills at the last session,595;defence of the Senate by Webster,596;further discussion on the time when the second session of Congress expires,598,599;American arming declared to be war on our side,600;denied,600.British Mediation.—Message informing the Senate that Great Britain had offered her friendly mediation between the United States and France,600;suspension of retaliatory measures recommended,600;all points in the controversy involving the honor of the United States excepted,600;motives of the offer,600,601;reflections upon this subject,601.French Spoliation Claim.—Ground of examined,91;assumptions on which their payment by the United States rested,487;liability of the United States to become paymasters themselves, in cases where failing, by war or negotiation, to obtain redress they make a treaty settlement surrendering or abandoning the claims,487;this point examined,487;governments not bound to push such interests to the extremity of a war,487;ought not to go back thirty-four years and call in question the judgment of Washington's administration,488;another instance of abandonment,488;speech of Mr. Webster,488;grounds of the claims,489;speech of Mr. Wright,489;relations between France and the United States prior to the disturbances,489;stipulations of treaties,490,491;origin of the claims which formed the subject of the bill,491;reference to acts of Congress to prove that war existed between the United States and France,493;the treaty of 1800,495;what object in the negotiation of 1800,496;liability of the United States,496;further remarks,497,498;propositions established,500;the advocates of the bill concede that two positions must be established on their part to sustain it,500,501,502,503.Speech of Mr. Webster,505;"essentially a judicial question,505;oldness of the claims,505;