administers the oath of office to Jackson,119;decease of Chief Justice,681;his character,681;his speech in the case of Jonathan Robbins,681.McDuffie, George, moves amendment to the constitution,37;expresses the views of the South on the revised tariff,100;on revision of the tariff,100;on the Committee of Bank Investigation,241.McIntosh, William, Chief of Creek Indians,58;negotiates a treaty,58.McLane, Louis, Representative from Delaware,7;sent Minister to England,127;Secretary of the Treasury,181.McLean, John, Postmaster General,7;Postmaster-General,58;appointed Justice of the Supreme Court,120.McKinney, Thomas L., superintendent of the Indian factory system,21.Meigs, R. J., coadjutor with Clay on the Missouri question,10.Memorialof the Bank Directors to Congress relative to the removal of the public deposits,379;of the rejected Government Directors of the Bank to Congress,389.Mercer, Charles Fenton, Representative from Virginia,7.Messageon the South Carolina proceedings,303;relative to the distribution of the proceeds of the sale of public lands,365;to twenty-third Congress,369;on the renomination of the Bank Directors,386.Metcalfe, Thomas, Representative from Kentucky,7;governor,7.Michigan, admission of.See Arkansas.Military Academy.—Numerous desertions in the army,182;difficulty to find a remedy for the evil,182;letter from Mr. Macon,182;not a government in the world so unfriendly to the rights of the people as ours since the establishment of the West Point Institution,182;officers rise from the ranks in all countries of Europe,183;returns to Parliament,183;how is it in our service?183;difficulty of obtaining a commission for a citizen in the regular regiments,183;case of Hermann Thorn,183;admitted to service in Austria,183;case of Kit Carson,183;rejected because he did not come through the West Point gate,183;this rule of appointment become the law of the land,183;popular opposition to the institution,184;it is said Washington was the founder of the institution,184;the institution of his day a very different affair,184;explained,184;all was right until 1812,184;extract from the act of 1812,184;the deception of the clause,184;other deceptions which follow,185;this establishment is mainly a school for the gratuitous education of those who have influence to get there,184;gratuitous instruction to the children of the living is a vicious principle,185;vital objections to the institution,185;a monopoly of the appointments how effected,185;the President and the academy are the real appointing power, and the Senate an office for the registration of appointments,186;act of 1812 rests its constitutionality on fictions,186;the title of the act fictitious,186;its title,186;our academy an imitation of European military schools,186;the remedy for these evils is to repeal the act of 1812,186.Attempted Inquiry into.—Organized under the act of 1812,638;movements against early commenced,638;committee appointed,638;report638;no attention given to it,638;other motions,638;debate,639;a monopoly for the gratuitous education of the sons of therich and influential,639;some rule should apply to the army as applies to members of Congress,640;further efforts to obtain an investigation,640;attack on the appropriation resorted to,641;remarks of Franklin Pierce,641;"grounds of opposition,641;why has this investigation been resisted?641;from the middling interest comes the most efficient support in trying periods,642;exclusiveness of the institution,642;the military academy not calculated to make the army effective,642;the institution in the times of Washington, &c., and the institution as it is now,643;gratuitous education in Great Britain examined,644;further remarks,"645.A clause in the appropriation bill for the purchase of forty horses, &c., erection of a building, a riding house in bad weather,712;struck out,712;opposition to its restoration,712,713;further debate,714.Missouri, admission of.—Exciting question of session of Congress of 1820-'21,8;the state admitted without restriction,8;the compromise,8;work of the South,8;unanimity of the President's cabinet,8;unanimity of the Senate on the compromise,8;its constitutionality called in question,8;Senators voting for it,8;vote in the House,8;the increase of slave States avowed to be a question of political power between the two sections of the Union,8;provision in the Missouri Constitution forbidding Legislative interference,8;clause authorizing the prohibition of the emigration of free people of color,9;its treatment by Congress,9;the real point of objection,9;application for admission presented and referred,9;report of committee,9;resolution rejected,9;its fate in the Senate,9;House reject the resolution of the Senate,9;joint committee ordered and appointed in both Houses,9;report,9;adopted in the House,9;in the Senate,10;compliance of the General Assembly of Missouri,10;defeat of the attempt to restrict a State from having slaves if she chose,10;the real struggle, object of,10;the objectionable clause, how since regarded,10;excitement of the occasion,10;a federal movement,10;sentiments of the northern democracy,10;a movement for the balance of power,10.Missouri resolutions.—Not now discussed,360;the old confederation was a league with a legislature acting on sovereignties,361;the Federalist on the defects of the old system,361;on the certain destruction of the Union when the sword is once drawn between the members,361;advantage of working if the laws operate on citizens and not on States,361.Missouri Question, extension of.—Object to extend the boundary on the Missouri river,626;difficulties,626;threefold,626;a bill for the alteration of the compromise line and the extension of the boundary reported,627;passed both Houses,627;this was the answer which northern members gave to the imputed design of abolishing slavery,627.Mitchell, George E., on reference of the bank memorial, to a select committee,284.Monroe, James, negotiates the treaty of 1807,1;efforts for the declaration of war in 1812,6: President,7;letter showing the unanimity of his cabinet on the Missouri question,8;his letters to Jackson on the cession of Texas,15;ditto to Jefferson,16;cause of these letters,17;veto on internal improvement bill,22;veto of Cumberland road bill,167;decease of, his place in history,679;his character,679;genius,679;discretion,679;foundation of his political career,680;remark of Jefferson,680;his career,680.Monroedoctrine,67.Moore, Gabriel, anecdote respecting the rejection of Van Buren as Minister to England,215;against Van Buren as Minister to England,215.Morris, Thomas, on abolition petitions,612.NNew Mexico,internal trade with.—All foreign ingress cut off until 1821,41;intercourse between Missouri and the "Western Internal Provinces,"41;a branch of interior commerce,41;a bill brought into the Senate to open road and to afford protection against the savages,41;statement of facts relative to the trade,41;precedents for the construction of a road,42;remarks of Mr. Jefferson on the road from Georgia to New Orleans,43;the foreign part of the road the point of difficulty,43;moved to strike out the extra territorial part of the national highway,43;views of Senators,43,44;bill passed,44;road to New Mexico built under Adams' administration,44.Niles, John M., on the Independence of Texas,668.Noble, James, votes for the Missouri Compromise,8.Nullification—Event of its origin,95;the assumed right of a State to annul an act of Congress,138;new turn in the debate,138;allusions to the conduct of New England in 1812,138;meetings in South Carolina on the Tariff,138;resolves passed,138;their defence,183;the doctrine summed up,138;counter explanation,139;the Virginia resolution,139;how the South Carolina doctrine would have operated in New England,139;the doctrine has no foundation in the constitution or in Virginia resolutions,139;"the character of the government,"139;"supremacy of the constitution and laws,140;"interpretation of the Virginia resolutions disputed,140;remarks,140;Hartford Convention,140;pledge of forcible resistance to any attempt to enforce unconstitutional laws,140;remarks,141;Webster's peroration,141;remarks of Benton,142;his slowness to believe in any design to subvert the Union,142.Anniversary of Jefferson's birth-day,148;a subscription dinner,148;the guests,148;the regular toasts,148;conversation excited by them,148;toast of the President,148;toast of Calhoun,148;remarks relative to Mr. Jefferson,148;his vindication,148;resolves of Virginia,149.Ordinance in South Carolina.—The fate of the American system was sealed by the elections of 1832,297;the course of South Carolina,297;words of the ordinance,297,298;it placed the State in the attitude of open and forcible resistance to the laws of the United States to take effect in the February following,298;officially communicated to the President,298;his oath of office,298.Proclamation against nullification.—Proceedings of the South Carolina convention stated,299;the ordinance founded not on the indefeasible right of resisting acts which are plainly unconstitutional and too oppressive to be endured,299;but on the position that a State may declare the acts of Congress void and prohibit their execution,300;two appeals from an unconstitutional act,300;words of the social compact,300;if this doctrine had been established at an early day the Union would have been dissolved in its infancy,300;our constitutional history shows it would have been repudiated if proposed for a feature of our Government,300;the constitution declares, &c.,301;a law repealed by a small majority of the voters of a single State,301;the constitution forms a government, not a league,301;address to the members of the convention,302.Message on the South Carolina proceedings.—Notice in the annual message,303;continuation and aggravation of the proceedings,303;special message,303;"ordinance transmitted by the Governor of South Carolina,303;hope indulged that by explaining the recommendations proposed to Congress, the authorities of South Carolina might recede,303;hence proclamation issued,303;the reasonable expectations not realized,303;neither the recommendations of the Executive nor the disposition manifested by Congress, nor the unequivocal expression of public opinion, have produced any relaxation in the measures of opposition,303;the State authorities actively organizing their military resources,304;proclamation of the Governor has openly defied the authority of the Executive of the Union,304;determination of the authorities of South Carolina,304;acts on the part of South Carolina,304,305;no sufficient cause for such proceedings on the part of South Carolina,306;she still claims to be a component part of the Union,306;the duty of the Executive,307;recommendations of the President,307;importance of the crisis,"307.Deep feeling of discontent in South Carolina operated upon by politicians,308;this feeling just and reasonable, and operated upon by politicians for personal and ambitious objects,308;twofold aspect of his proclamation and message,308;one of relief and justice in reducing the revenue; and the other, firm and mild in enforcing the laws against offenders,308;two classes of discontented—the honest and the politicians,308;bills proposed in Congress,308.Revenue Collection or Force Bill.—Bill to secure the execution of certain laws in South Carolina,330;remarks,330;"contains no novel principle,330;provision for removal of the Custom House,330;legislation necessary,330;secession on one hand, and nullification on the other,331;state of affairs in South Carolina,331;the bill confers on the President the power of closing old ports of entry and opening new ones,331;a prominent cause which led to the revolution,331;empowered to employ the land and naval forces to put down all abettors,332;no ambiguity about this measure,332;the President is charged by the constitution with the execution of the laws,332;the President's measure,332;the resemblance between this bill and the Boston Port bill,333;the war is waged against the measures of the administration,"333;the support or Mr. Webster,333.Nullification resolutions.—Resolutions on the powers of the government introduced into the Senate,334;counter-resolutions offered,334;source whence Mr. Calhoun obtained the seminal idea of nullification as a remedy in a government,335;Virginia resolution of,98,99;the essential idea derived from the Roman tribunitian veto,335;considered a cure for all the disorders of a Roman State,335;remarks,335;"the Roman system,335;operation of the Roman veto,335;the right of a State to interfere,336;governments of several States might be cited as an argument against this view,336;the tendency to conflict in this action,"336;Calhoun's opinion of the defects of our form of government, and the remedy for these defects,337;the defect of an unchecked authority of the majority,337;the remedy an authority in the minority to check that majority and to secede,337;example of Jewish history,337;its squint to the Virginia resolutions,337;circumstances under which this remedy contended for,337;object to create or find this remedy in our system,337;nullification, resistance, secession, found by Calhoun in the Virginia resolutions,337;all that was intended by the Virginia resolutions, being merely an appeal to public opinion,337;debate,337;"what was the conduct of Virginia in the memorable era of 98 and 99,338;her real intentions and policy were proved not by declarations and speeches merely, but by facts,338;the constitution does not provide for events which must be preceded by its own distraction,338;secession and nullification revolutionary,338;its tendency is to break up the constitution as to all the other States,339;it strikes a deadly blow at the vital principle of the whole Union,339;it arrests the power of the law, absolves the citizen from duty, and elevates another authority to supreme command,339;the laws must be repealed throughout the whole Union, or executed in Carolina as well as elsewhere,339."Nature of our federal government,339;a union in contradistinction to a league,339;it is not a compact or confederacy between the people of the several States in their sovereign capacities,339;no State authority has power to dissolve those relations,340;the constitution, acts of Congress, &c., the supreme law,340;an attempt of a State at nullification a direct usurpation of the just powers of the federal government,"340;some other cause than the alleged one at the bottom of this desire of secession,340;ambitious and personal proceedings intimated as involved in the proceedings of South Carolina,340;expression of Calhoun,340;a contest between power and liberty,341;the freedom and the slave property of the South involved,341;exclusion of patriotic men of the South from the Presidency,341;contradicted by all history of our national elections,341;protective tariff the sole or main cause of the South Carolina discontent,341;remarks on this point,341;"another subject connected with this which will prevent the return of peace and quiet,341;the force bill a practical assertion of one theory of the government against another,341;the bill cannot be acquiesced in, unless the South is dead to the sense of liberty,"341;these positions not sustained by Southern sentiment,342—See Tariff, Reduction of duties.OOrdinance of 1787.—Authorship claimed for Nathan Dane,133;claimed for Jefferson,133;history of the case,133;its ultimate passage the work of the South,133;extracts from the Journal of Congress,134;remarks on the claim for Dane of authorship,134;"origin of the measure,134;an attempt to transfer the honor to the South,135;proposed a second time,"135;statements compared with facts,135,136.Oregon Territory.—Proposition for the settlement of, first made at the session of 1820-21,13;causes that led to it,13;committee moved,13;carried,13;the committee,13;report,13;proceedings in the House,13;consequences of neglect by the Government,13;advantages from its settlement,13;historical facts,14.Joint occupation of.—Astoria captured during the war of 1812,109;not restored under the treaty of Ghent,109;convention for joint occupation concluded at London,109;words of the convention,109;article written by Benton on the subject,109;out traders driven out of the country,110;other effects of the joint occupation,110;resolutions against the ratification of the subsequent treaty relative to continuance of the joint occupation,111.Otis, Harrison Gray, Senator from Massachusetts,7.PPalmer, Wiliam A., votes for the Missouri Compromise,8.Panama Mission.—A master subject in its day,65;gave rise to grave questions,65;designed as a popular movement to turn the tide running against Adams,65;the Congress at Panama,65;debate in the Senate on the nomination of ministers,65;invited by the South American States to send deputies,65;motion to debate the question with open doors,65;reference to the President,65;his answer,65;indignation of the Senate,66;nominations confirmed,66;patronage distributed to advocates of the measure,66;the basis of the agreement for the Congress, the existing state of war between all the new States and the mother country,66;its object,66;relations of the United States,66;message of the President relative to objects of the Congress,67;the Monroe doctrine,67;extract from Adams' message respecting it,67;entirely confined to our own borders,67;other objects—advancement of religious liberty,67;proofs of our good will,67;