Absolute, reality of space,91; freedomnot,166; law of consciousness,207;Spinoza and,208; knowledge of ourselves,235.Abstraction, implies homogeneousmedium,97; breaks up elementsof idea,134; and diagram of processof reaching a decision,177f.;and Lord Kelvin's theory of matter,206.Acceleration, hypothetical, of motionsof universe,116f.,193ff.Achilles, and tortoise,73f.Act, not divisible like object,112;free acts,165ff.; "possible acts,"174ff.Act, of mind: all unity due to,80f.;neglected in empirical theory ofspace,93f.; nature of,95.Addition, of sensation-differences,64,65;process of,80,123,226;implies multiplicity of parts,85.Advice, relation of, to freedom,169.Aeolus, cave of,20.Aesthetic,Kant'sTranscendental,92,93·Aesthetic feelings,11ff.; suggested,not caused,17; stages in,17.Alceste, indignation of,167.Algebra, deals with results not processes,119.Analysis, already visible in mentalimage,84; distorts feelings,132f.;of a thing, not of a process,219.Anger, psychic element in,29; andorganic disturbance,30.Animals, ability to find their waythrough space,96; space not sohomogeneous for,97; perceiveduration as quality,127; do notpicture distinct external world,138,236.Antecedents, same, and same consequents,199,208.Architecture, compared with rhythm,15.Aristotle, distinguishes potential and actual,121.Arithmetic, splits up units,84.Art, and beauty,14; object of,14;and hypnotism,14; the plasticarts,15; suggesting, not expressingfeelings,16; merit of work of,17;yielding only sensations,17;aim and method of artist,18.Artificial, reconstruction of concrete phenomenon,163.Aspect, twofold, of terms in a series,124,226;of the self,128ff.; ofconscious states,129ff.;137ff.Association, by contiguity,136,164;self cannot be constituted by,139,165,226;associationist determinism,148,155,159;of ideas in interrupted conversation,156;illustration from hypnotism,157;illustration from deliberation,158;involves defective conception ofself,159ff.,165,226; of end andmovement,160f.; associations ofsmell,161; its mistakes,161ff.;fits simple sensations,164; cannotexplain deeper states of self,164;every-day acts obey laws of,167ff.,238.Astronomy, measurement of time in,107;prediction of celestial phenomena,117,192ff.,198.Attention, and muscular tension,27;Fechner on,27; Ribot on,27; andpsychic tension,28; and formationof number,82,84.Bain, on nervous energy,21; ontheory of space,93; on conflict ofmotives,159.Beauty, feeling of,14ff.; in natureand art,14ff.Beliefs, adopted without reason,135;compared to cell in organism,135;some not properly assimilated,136.Blix, experiments on temperature sense,46.Body, movements of, as suggestingpsychic state,18; inclination of,in comparing pleasures,38.Causality, law of,199,201; asregular succession,202f.; commonsense and meaning of,203; asprefiguring of future phenomenonin present conditions,204ff.; nota necessary principle,208; Spinozaon,208; identity and,209,210;as necessary determination ofphenomena means human freedom,210;and second type of prefiguring,211f.;this leads to Leibniz,213,this does not involve determinism,214;involves two conceptions of duration,215;confusion of these two senses,216;relation of external, as mathematical,219;relation of inner, as dynamic,219;Kant ascribed same meaning to, in innerand outer world,232.Cause, external, and intensity,4f.,20,42ff.,72;introduced into effect,42,47,54,68;external, and separation of sensations,109,125;series of associations sometimes effectrather than,156ff.; in inner statesno recurrence of same,154,199f.,233;assertion that effect bound up with,201;analysis of concept of,201; self as free,235.Cell, in organism, beliefs compared to,135.Change, but not duration, attributedto external things,227.Character, freedom and,172f.; andprediction of future actions,184.Clocks, measurement of time by,108f.;perception of strokes of withoutexpressly counting,127.Co-existence, number and relationsof,75n.; can space result fromrelations of,94; of past and presentonly in consciousness,112.Cold, perception of,46.Colour, changes of hue and invariablecolours,51white, grey and black,53f.; degrees of saturation,54;intensity of,54; colours of spectrum,51,54,57; changes in sensationof,57; can there be equidistanttints,58.Compromise, see also Endosmosis:between idea of free force andnecessity,217; forms of perceptionresult of,223; intensity ascompromise between quality andquantity,225; number resultsfrom a,226; idea of measurabletime results from a,228.Consciousness, compared to invisiblemusician,147; as epiphenomenon,152;Kant separates externalperception and,222; successionwithout distinction in,227; matterand form of,234.Conservation, of energy, see Energy;of motion,151; ofvis viva,151;conservative systems not the onlyones possible,152.Continuity, of number when formed,82f.Contradiction, law of non-,89,150,207,reconciliation of apparent atdeeper level,136.Counting, units mast be identical,76;also distinct,77; flock of sheep,76f.;battalion of soldiers,76;implies intuition of space,77ff.;material objects,85; consciousstates,86,89; strokes of a bell,86;moments of duration,104;oscillations of a pendulum,104f.;two sides of the process of,123;strokes of a clock by qualitativeeffect,127.Crisis, freedom shown at,170,239.Critique of Pure Reason,result of,235.Critique philosophique,article in,75n.Dancer, and feeling of grace,12.Darwin, on rage,29; on violentemotions and reflex movements,30;on pain and reactions,37.Definition, of equality of sensation-differences,64;of addition of sensation-differences,64,65;of number,75; of subjective and objective,83;of space,95,98; none of right and left,97;of simultaneity,110; of equal intervalsof time,115; of velocity,117f.;of inertia of matter,142; of freedom,leads to determinism,220f.,230,239.Delbœuf, his measurement of luminoussensation,52,56ff.,67ff.;his underlying postulate,60.Deliberation, process of,158,171;wrongly pictured as oscillation inspace,183.Depth, of aesthetic feeling,17f.; ofemotional states,31.Descartes, and conservation of motion,151;his mischievous genius,193;his view of matter,207;Cartesian physics,207;and regularity of physical world,208.Desire, progress of a,8; conceivedas a distinct thing,159.Determinism, two kinds of,142;physical,143ff.; psychological,155ff.;rests on misconception of duration,143,173;and molecular theory of matter,143f.,147;of psychic states does not follow fromthat of cerebral states,146f.;associationist,148,155,159; andhypnotism,157; self-determination,165,172;its mechanical conception of self,171;could act have been different?173,201,220,239;can act be predicted?173,183ft.,201,220,239;and "possible acts,"174; and character,184ff.,172;and astronomical prediction,192ff.;and law of causality,199ff.;misunderstanding of causality underlies all,201ff.;of phenomena as involving human freedom,210,215ff.;not involved in second type of prefiguring,211f.,215f.;Leibniz's,214; as compromis between idea offree effort and necessity,217;attempt to define freedom leads to,220,230,239;all, refuted by experience,230;meaningless if duration heterogeneous,235,239.Diagrams, geometrical,176,191.Differentials, expressing Fechner's Law,62,65;dealing with motion,119.Dimension, time as fourth,109.Discontinuity, of number,82f.Disgust, Richet's description of,36.Distinction, two meanings of,75n.,121;succession without,101; of psychic states,leads to mechanical conception of self,171;Kant's, between matter and form ofconsciousness,234.Donaldson, experiments on temperature sense,46.Dreams, freshness in,8; charm in,10;superficial psychic states removedin,126; overlying images in,136.Duration, moments counted by meansof points in space,78f.,87; differsfrom homogeneous time in havingnothing to do with space,91; empiricalattempts to build up spacefrom,99f.,222; conception ofpure,100,104ff.,229; expressedin terms of space,101,103,232;order of succession in,101f.; anyhomogeneity in, implies space,104,115;as interpenetration of consciousstates,104,107,108,110,128,218,226,232ff.,235; pure, iswholly qualitative,106,126f.,229;not measurable,107ff.; notmeasured by clocks,108f.; asheterogeneous and with no relationto number,109,110,120,226,229,235,239;how mistaken idea of homogeneity arises,109;and motion,110,114,124; eliminatedfrom time by science,115,116,228;and simultaneity,115f.; andastronomical prediction,117,192ff.; cannot be represented bymathematical formulae,119; asmental synthesis,120; none inspace,120,227; as quality,127,193,197,226; felt as quality insleep,126; perceived as quality byanimals,127; homogeneous, assymbolical representation derivedfrom space,128,219,239,240; itstwo forms,128; constituted bydeep-seated conscious states,137,224;determinism rests on inaccurateconception of,143,153,173,209,215f.,220,235,239; acts likea cause in realm of life,153;heterogeneity of, precludes returnto former state,154,200,219,232,233,239;real, and prediction,183ff.;of conscious states unalterable,196f.;difference between past andfuture,198; applicable to persons,not to external things,200,209f.,215,227;as contained in single moment,208;real, as leading tofree will,210,215f.; attributed tothings,215,228; two conceptionsof, in causality,215; separatedfrom extensity by science,228f.,230;must similarly be separatedby philosophy,229f.; Kant putself outside,233; possible to getback into pure,233; Kant confusedwith space,233; sciencecannot deal with,234; if homogeneous,no freedom,235; originof feeling of,238n.; no moralcrisis without,238n.; key toproblem of free will,238n.Dynamism, as system of nature,140;and relation between facts andlaws,140f.; its view of simplicity,141;inner,172.Eclipse, prediction of,117,194·Education, not properly assimilated,166;may curtail freedom,167.Effort, intensity of,7,24,25,26;muscular,20ff.; apparently quantitative,21;feeling of,21ff.,211;experimental investigation of,22ff.;superficial,26; in estimatingintensity and pitch of sound,45f.;in second type of prefiguring,211;force and,214; ideas of free, andnecessity to be kept apart,217,218.Eleatics, their paradoxes,74,240;arise from confusion between motionand space,112ff.; Achillesand tortoise,113f.Elevation, of aesthetic feeling,17.Emotions, violent, intensity of,28ff.Empiricist, theory of space,93f.;derivation of extensive from inextensive,94,222.Endosmosis, see also Compromise:—betweensuccession and externality, 109,228;between mobility and space,112;between free effort andnecessary determination,218.Energy, kinetic and potential,152;may be new kind of,152.Energy, conservation of: incompatiblewith freedom,142,144;and determination of physiologicaland nervous phenomena,145;does not involve determinism ofconscious states,146f.; is ituniversal?150,154; in the naturalsciences,150; implies return ofsystem to former state,152; consciousforce or free will may escapelaw of,154; illegitimate extensionof,155,230.English philosophers, on extensityand succession,99.Epiphenomenon, consciousness as,152.Equations, expressing Fechner's Law,62;express something finished,19;transformability of,204.Évellin, on space, time and motion,114.Experiments, and experimental observations:Wundt on paralytic,21; Vulpian on hemiplegia,22;Ferner on feeling of effort,22f.;James on feeling of effort,23;clenching the fist,24; compressingthe lips,25; lifting a weight,25,48f.;Féré on muscular force,41;pin pricks,42; on temperaturesense,46; Helmholtz on colourand intensity,51; photometric,52ff.;Lehmann and Neiglick's,52;Delbœuf's on measurement