of luminous sensation,52ff.,56ff.Explanation, confused with fact,163,181.Extensity, implies relation of containerto contained,3; no point ofcontact between extended and unextended,70;as aspect of physicalqualities,92; Kant on,92,148;attempted derivation of, from theunextended,93f.,99f.,222; homogeneous,as result of strippingmatter of concrete qualities,205;Descartes' view of matter as homogeneous,207;hylozoism and qualities of matter,213; confusionwith duration raises problem offreedom,221,240; separated fromduration by science,228,230.Externality, of things in space,99;exists outside the ego,108,227;endosmosis between successionand,109,228; of things, helps tocut up psychic life,109,125f.,130,228;animals have not same tendencyto picture,138; empiricalschool attempts to build up, frominner states,222; external thingssubject to change but not duration,227;external world distinct fromourselves,236.Fact, relation between law and,140f.;explanation confused with,163,181.Faraday, and centres of force,218.Fear, Spencer on,30; conceived asdistinct state,159.Fechner, on attention and tension27;his psychophysics,56,60ff.;his formulae,61,62; his law,61;his logarithmic law,62n.; methodof minimum differences,64,69.Feeling, intensity of,7,185;deep-seated,7ff.; aesthetic,11ff.; ofgrace,11f.; of beauty,14f.;richness of aesthetic,17f.; moral,18f.;and physical symptoms,20ff.;of effort,21ff.,211; distortedby analysis,132f.; somethingliving and developing,133;leads to resolution,133,171;whole soul reflected in each,165;change in duration of, meanschange in nature,197f.Féré, C, on sensation and muscular force,41.Ferrier, on feeling of effort,16.Figure, see Diagram.Flavour, changing, solidified by language,131.Force, alleged psychic,20f.,25;muscular,21; nervous,21; sensationof,21; conscious states notforces,165,170; idea of, as indeterminateeffort,214; self as a free,216;idea of, and necessity,216,217;as free spontaneity,217;ideas of free force and necessityseparated by science,218."Form of Sensibility," Kant's theoryof,94; homogeneous space as,236.Forms, borrowed from external worldin perception of self,154,167,183,217,223; borrowed from self inperception of things,222; of perception,result of compromise,223;elimination of those borrowedfrom external world,224; Kant'sdistinction between matter and,93,234.Formulae, Weber's,61; Fechner's,62;dealing with velocity,118.Fouillée, on freedom as a motive,160.Fourth dimension, time as,109.Freedom, Free Will, see also Determinism:origin of problem,74,139,221,240;cause of conflict between mechanismand dynamism,140; twofold objection to,142;and molecular theory of matter,143f.;and conservation of energy,145ff.;strictly limited if principle of conservationuniversal,149f.; as conscious force,exempt from law of conservation,154;defenders of, mistakenly agreethat conscious states aredistinct things,159; Fouillée on,160; as self-expression,165,172;not absolute, but admits of degrees,166;many live without realizing,166;may be curtailed by education,167;free acts rare,167,231,240;free decision springs from whole orfundamental self,167,172,231,240;covered over by automatism,168,231,237;sometimes resigned through indolence,169;shown in times of crisis,170,239;and character,172; to be soughtin characteristic of the decisionor act,173,182f.; Mill on,174;and "possible acts,"174; freeaction compared to over-ripe fruit,176;distinction of successivephases in, leads to determinism,177ff.;the self infallible in affirming its,183;not disproved by causality as regular succession,202f.;safe-guarded by different conceptions ofcausality taken by themselves,215f.;self as free cause,216,235;real but indefinable,219ff.,230,239f.;why denied and defined,229;Kant on,232,233,235,238; incomprehensibleif duration homogeneous,235;key to problem of,238n.; followsfrom uniqueness of relation ofpsychic state to act,239.Fusion, see Interpenetration.Future, see Prediction.Ghost, time as ghost of space,99.Goldscheider, experiments on temperature sense,46.Grace, feeling of,11f.Hamilton, Mill on, quoted,159,174·Harmony, Leibniz on pre-established,147,213,214.Heat, sensation of,46f.; mechanical theory of,151.Helmholtz, on effort of volition,23;on colour and intensity,51.Hemiplegia, Vulpian on,22.Heterogeneity, qualitative, interpretedas extensive homogeneity,95;of pure duration,109,110,120,128,226,229,235,239;of deep-seated psychic states,200;homogeneous universe assumed behind,205;Kant's distinction between homogeneity and,234.Homogeneity, of time,90,98,107,124,234,237;of space,95f.,98,120,236; is all homogeneityspace?98; supposed two formsof,98; none in duration,104,115;none in motion,110,115; howintroduced into duration,124f.,128;connection between, and general ideas,163;assumed behind heterogeneity,205; Kant'sdistinction between heterogeneity and,234.Hope, why pleasurable,9f.Hylozoism, ancient,213,214.Hypnotism, and art,14;and aesthetic feeling,17;illustrating association of ideas,157;non-incorporation of idea receivedduring,166.Ideas, analysis of,134; interpenetration of,135;unreasoning adherence to,135;some not incorporated,135;associationism fits superficial,136;reconciliation of, at deeper level,136;association of, in interrupted conversation,156;general, and perception of homogeneous medium,163.Identity, principle of,207; attemptto replace causality by,209;causality does not coincide with,210.Illusion, as to psychic states possessingmagnitude,21; reflectiveconsciousness has two fundamental,190;of attributing mutual externalityto conscious states,231;leading to difficulties about free will,240.Immobility, movement cannot bemade from,115; all that scienceretains of motion is,119,229,234.Impenetrability, of matter,88f.Inertia, of organism, and pleasure,38;vis inertiae,38; dynamismderives, from voluntary activity,140;idea of spontaneity simplerthan,141; spontaneity settlingdown into,220.Instinct, perception of duration insleep compared to,127; of theintellect,135.Intensity, of psychic states,1ff.,224f.;of sensations,1ff.,7,20,32,40,42,47,172f.; alleged intensivemagnitude,2,3f.,71f.,106,225;no point of contact with extensive,3,70;estimated by external causes,4f.,20,32f.,42,72;estimated by atomic movements,6;different kinds of,7; of deep-seatedpsychic states,8,26; of agrowing desire,8f.; of joy,10;of sorrow,11; of aesthetic feelings,11ff.,17f.,of moral feelings, pity,18f.;of feeling of effort,24f.;of superficial effort,26; of intermediatestates,27; of violentemotions,28f.,31; as multiplicityof simple states,31,73; of affectivesensations,32f.,34f.,47,73and organic disturbance,32; ofpain,35ff.; of disgust,36; ofrepresentative sensations,39ff.,72;as quality,42,90,190,224; ofsensation of sound,43f.; of heatand cold,46f.; of sensation ofweight,48; of sensation of light,50ff.;of a colour,54; two factorscontributing to,73; as qualitativesign of quantity,90,224; of deep-seatedfeeling, nothing but thefeeling,185; how others made torealize,185f.; as compromisebetween quality and quantity,225.Interpenetration, multiplicity of,75,162;of conscious states,99,100f.,132f.,163,164,231,237;in pure duration,104,107,108,110,128,218,235;of states of deep-seated self,125,137,164;of strong feelings,132f.; of ideas,135;of apparently contradictory ideasat deeper level,136; in processof addition,226; replaced byplurality,237.Introspection, as leading to fundamental self,231.Intuition, of space necessary to ideaof number,77ff.,84,225; ofhomogeneous medium, perhapspeculiar to man,95f.,236; ofmotion and duration,114; ofhomogeneous space as step towardssocial life,138,163,236; immediate,and discursive thought,237.James, W. on feeling of effort,22,23,24; on rage,29.Joy, feeling of,10.Juxtaposition, see also Interpenetration:inapplicable to inner states,8f.;multiplicity of,75n.,162;implies intuition of space,77f.;number as a,85,89;of conscious states,101,232; inhomogeneous time,121; of lifelessstates, replaces a feeling,133.Kant, theory of space,92f.; TranscendentalAesthetic,92,93; distinguished matter andform of representation,93; "form ofsensibility,"94,236; separatedtime and space,222,232; mistakeabout time,232; gave causalitysame meaning in inner and outerworld,232; clung to freedombut made it noumenal,232,238;put free self outside space and time,233,235; on "things in themselves,"233f.;made time and space homogeneous,233; and thePractical Reason,234; distinguishedmatter and form of consciousness,234;result of Critique of Pure Reason,235;raised barrier between phenomena andthings in themselves,235; distinguishedspace from matter,236.Kelvin, Lord, his theory of matter,206.Lange, on materialism and determinism,144.Language, unequal to psychologicalanalysis,9,13,160,196,237;foreign, sounds louder,41; dominatesthought,70,231; perhapsimplies intuition of space,97,163,236;uses terms borrowed from space,122;favours separation of states of self,128,137,139,167,231;solidifying influence of, on impressions,129f.;gives fixed form to fleeting sensations,131f.;description distorts the feelings,132ff.;only ideas which least belong to us canbe expressed by,136,164; and social life,137,167,231,236;same impulse to picture externality as to speak,138;second self formed, whose states expressed by,138;illustration of inadequacy of,160f.;general ideas and intuition of space,163;fixes only impersonal aspect of emotions,164;psychology misled by,165;how determinism aided by,171; why same feeling,when repeated, called by same name,200;favoured by avoiding separation ofduration and extensity,230f.La Rochefoucauld, on sympathy,19.Law, Weber's,60; Fechner's,62;Fechner's logarithmic,62w.; ofnon-contradiction,89,150,207;of Nature, mechanism and dynamismon,140f.; relation betweenfacts and,140f.; "same antecedents,same consequents,"199,208;of causality,199ff.; physicalphenomena obey,202,219; principleof identity as absolute,207;relation of psychic state to actcannot be expressed by,239.Lehmann, his photometric experiments,52,Leibniz, on pre-established harmony,147,213,214;and conservation ofvis viva,151;on qualities of matter,213;on matter as monad,213,214;conception of causality as leading to,213;and determinism,214.Light, sensation of,50ff.Line, succession symbolized as a,103;motion not a,120; time not a,181."Local signs,"49,95; Lotze on,93.Lotze, theory of local signs,93.Magnitude, quantitative differences applicable to,2ff.;alleged intensive,2,3f.,71f.,106,225;two species of,3f.; of growing desire,9;and muscular effort,20f.; of sensations,31ff.,72;intensity of pain as a,37; pleasure as a,38;of representative sensations,47;interval between colours as,57f.;interval between sensations as,66,68f.;intensity not a,225.Mathematics, represents results, notprocesses,119,234; exemplifiesone type of prefiguring,204f.Matter, impenetrability of,88;molecular theory of, and determinism,143f.,209;atomic theory of, still hypothetical,145;has no apparent duration,153; strippedof concrete qualities,205; shapeas quality of,205; Lord Kelvin'svortex theory of,206; Descartes'view of,207; hylozoism andqualities of,213; Leibniz andqualities of,213; distinguishedfrom form,223,234; distinguishedfrom space,236.Mean gradations, method of,56,59,67,69.Mechanics, treatment of time and duration