Epigæ´ous,Epige´ous(Gr—on or of the earth; on the ground), growing on or in the ground.
Ep´iphragm(Gr—a covering; lid), a delicate membrane closing the cup-like receptacle of the Nidulariaceæ.
Ep´iphytal,Epiphyt´ic,Epiphyt´ical(Gr—upon, + a plant), of the nature of an epiphyte.
Ep´iphyte(Gr—upon, + a plant), growing upon the outside of another plant; either parasitic or not.
Ep´ispore,Epispo´rium(Gr—upon, + seed), the outer coat of a spore; same as exosporium.
Epithe´cium(Gr—upon, + a case), the layer sometimes formed above the asci by the concrescent tips of the paraphyses.
Epix´ylous(Gr—upon, + wood + ous), growing upon wood.
E´qual(æqualis, equal, like), all gills of the same, or nearly the same, length from back to front; stem of uniform thickness.
Ero´ded(erodere, gnaw off), the edge ragged as if torn.
Erum´pent(erumpen(t-)s, ppr. oferumpere, break out), prominent; originating beneath and bursting through the surface of the matrix.
E´tiolate,E´tiolated(stipula, straw), whitened, blanched by exclusion of the sun’s rays or by disease.
Evanes´cent(evanescen(t-)s, ppr. ofevanescere, vanish away), fleeting; vanishing; soon disappearing.
E´ven, of a surface which is quite plane as contrastede. g.with one which is striate, pitted, etc. Distinguished from smooth. A surface may not be smooth and yet be even.
Ex-, prefix. See “E-.”
Excen´tric(Gr—out of the center), not central; the stems of some mushrooms are always excentric.
Excip´ulum(excipulum, a vessel for receiving liquids, Exo-, prefix signifying “outside.” Ex´ogen(Gr—outside, + producing), a plant in which the growth of the stem is in
successive concentric layers. Exog´enous, growing by additions on the outside; belonging to or characteristic of
the class of exogens; produced on the outside, as the spores of hyphomycetous
and many other fungi. Exoperid´ium(Gr—outside, peridium), outer layer of the peridium. Ex´ospores(exosporium), spores which are free, not produced within a sporangium,
as basidio-spores. Exospo´rium(Gr—outside, + seed), the outer coat of a spore; same as episporium. Exot´ic(exoticus, foreign, alien), foreign, not native. Expan´ded(expandere, pp.expansus, spread out, Ex´planate(explanatus, flattened, spread out), flattened, expanded; applied
usually to a part which has been rolled or folded. Exser´ted(exsertus, thrust out, pp. ofexsere, stretch out), projecting; standing out. Exsicca´ti(exsiccatus, pp. ofexsiccare, dry up), dried specimens; especially those
published in sets and distributed. Fac´ultative(faculta(t-)s, faculty), capability, etc., having a faculty or power, but
exercising it only occasionally or incidentally; optional or contingent. Fac´ultative-Par´asite, an organism which normally lives throughout as a saprophyte,
but which may also go through its course either wholly or in part as a
parasite. Fac´ultative-Sap´rophyte, an organism which normally is parasitic, but which can
vegetate at certain stages as a saprophyte. Fal´cate,Fal´ciform(falcatus, bent, curved, hooked, sickle-shaped, Family(familia, household establishment, Farc´tate(farctus, Farina´ceous(farinaceus, Far´inose(farinosus, mealy), covered with a white mealy powder. Fas´cia(fascis, a bundle), a band or bar. Fas´ciate,Fas´ciated(fascia, a band or girth), having broad parallel bands or
stripes; banded or compacted together; exhibiting fasciation. Fascia´tion(fascia, a band), the act or manner of binding with fasciæ, a monstrous
flattened expansion of the stem; condition of being bound or compacted together. Fas´cicle,Fascic´ulus(fasciculus, a small bundle; packet, etc.), a close cluster; a
small bundle. Fascic´ulate(fasciculus, a small bundle), growing in small bundles or fascicles. Fastig´iate(fastigiatus, sloping, Favose´(favosus, Fawn-Color(cervinus,cervineus), a light warm-brown color. Ferru´gineous,Ferru´ginous(ferrugineus), rust-red or the color of iron rust. Fi´brillar,Fi´brillate,Fi´brillose,Fi´brillous(fibrilla, a fiber), appearing to be
covered or composed of minute fibers. Fi´brous(fibrosus, Fi´brous-Myce´lium,Fibrillose-Mycelium, elongated branching mycelial strands,
formed by the union of hyphæ. Fig´urate(figuratus, pp.figuare, Fil´ament(filum, thread), a separate fiber or fibril of any animal or vegetable tissue,
as a filament of silk, wool, etc. Filamen´tous, like a thread; composed of threads or filaments. Filamen´tous-Myce´lium,Floc´cose-Myce´lium, mycelium of free hyphæ which
are at most loosely interwoven, but without forming bodies of definite shape and
outline. Fil´aceous,Fil´iform(filum, a thread, + aceous), like a thread or filament. Fim´briate,Fim´briated(fimbriatus, Fis´sile(fissilis, cleft, Fis´sured(fissura, a cleft, chink, fissure), cleft or split. Fis´tular,Fis´tulose(fistularis, like a pipe, Fixed, said of lamellæ or spines not readily detached from the underlying tissue. Flabel´late,Flabel´liform(flabellum, a fan), fan-shaped. Flac´cid(flaccidus, flabby, pendulous), soft and limber; flabby; without firmness
or elasticity. Flaves´cent(flavescens, ppr.flavescere, become yellow, Fla´vous(flavus, golden-yellow, reddish-yellow), yellow. Flesh, inner substance of a fungus-body as distinguished from the cortical and
hymenial layers. Flesh-Color(carneus,incarnatus), a pinkish-color like that observable in the
cheeks of a person of fair complexion; carnation. Flesh´y, succulent; composed of juicy cellular tissue. Flex´uose,Flex´uous(flexuosus, Floc´ci(pl. ofFloc´cus) (floccus, a lock of wool), woolly locks. Floc´cose(floccosus, Floc´culose(flocculosus, Folia´ceous(foliaceus, leafy, of leaves, Fo´veate(foveatus, Fov´eolate(foveolatus, Free, said of gills which are not attached to the stem; said of any part not attached
to another; of spores not inclosed in a special envelope. Frill, same asArmilla. Front, same asAnterior. Fringe(fimbria, a border), a lacerated, marginal membrane. Fruc´tification(fructificare, bear fruit), reproducing power of a plant; fruiting;
also the organs concerned. Fuga´cious(fugar, Fu´gitive(fugitivus, fleeing away; a fugitive), quickly disappearing; evanescent. Fuligin´eous,Fulig´inous(fuliginosus), sooty-brown or dark smoke-color. Fulves´cent(fulvescens), inclining to a fulvous color. Ful’vous(fulvus), a rather indefinite brownish-yellow or yellowish-brown tint, like
tanned leather; tawny. Fu´mose,Fu´mous(fumosus, full of smoke, Fun´goid(fungus, mushroom, +Gr—form), of, or pertaining to fungi. Fungol´ogy(fungus, mushroom, +Gr—speak), mycology. Fun´gus(pl.Fun´gi) (fungus, a mushroom), a thallophyte characterized by the absence
of chlorophyl and deriving its sustenance from living or dead organic
matter. Funic´ular(funiculus, a small cord), having the character of a funicle or small cord. Funic´ulate(funiculus, a small cord), having a funicle. Funic´ulus(L.—a small rope), in Nidulariaceæ the cord of hyphæ attaching a
peridiolum to the inner wall of the peridium. Fur´cate(furcatus, Furfura´ceous(furfuraceus, Fusces´cent(fuscus, dark, dusky, + escent), somewhat fuscous. Fus´cous(fuscus, dusky), brownish in color; brown or brown tinged with gray;
dingy, not pure. Fu´siform,Fu´soid(fusus, a spindle;forma, form), spindle-shaped. Gamogen´esis(Gr—marriage, + generation), sexual reproduction. Gas´teromyce´tes,Gas´tromyce´tes(Gr—stomach, + mushroom), a group of Basidiomycetes
in which the hymenium is enclosed in a sack-like envelope called the
peridium. Gelat´inous(gelatinosus, Gener´ic(genus, race, sort), pertaining to, of the nature of, or forming a mark of a
genus; having the rank or classificatory value of a genus. Genet´ic(Gr—generation), of or pertaining to origin or mode of production. Ge´nus(pl.Gen´era) (L.—race, birth, origin, kind), a group of species having one
or more characteristics in common; the union of several genera presenting the
same features constitute a tribe. Gib´bous(gibbus, hump-backed), in the form of a swelling; of a pileuse. g.which
is more convex or tumid on one side than the other. Gills, the plates of an agaric on which the hymenium is situated; the lamellæ. Gil´vous, isabelline; color of sole-leather. Gla´brous(glaber, smooth), smooth, devoid of pubescence; a surface may be glabrous
or smooth, and not even, or vice versa. Glair(clarus, clear), any viscous transparent substance resembling white of an egg. Glands,Glan´dules(glans, an acorn, dim.glandula, a gland), moist or sticky dots
resembling the glands on the epidermis of phenogams. Glan´dular, bearing glands. Glauces´cent(glaucescen(t-)s, Glau´cous(glaucus, silvery, gleaming), covered with a whitish-green bloom or very
fine white powder easily rubbed off. Somewhat like that of cabbage. Gle´ba(gleba, a clod), in Gastromycetes, spore-bearing tissue composed of
chambers lined with the hymenium and enclosed by the sack-like peridium, as
in puff-balls, etc.; in phalloids the peridium or volva ruptures and the gleba is
carried up on the stem-like or clathrate receptacle. Glo´bose,Glob´ular,Glob´ulose(globosus, round as a ball), nearly spherical. Glu´tinose,Glu´tinous(glutinosus, gluey, viscous, Gonid´ium(Gr—generation; seed), same as conidium; also preferably applied to
the algal element of lichens. Gran´ular,Gran´ulate,Gran´ulose(granula, dim. ofgranum, grain), covered with
or composed of granules. Gran´ule(granula, dim. ofgranum, grain), a little grain; a fine particle; a sporule
found in all cryptogamic plants. Gray(griseus;cæsius;cinereus;canus;leucophæus), a color produced by the mixture
of black and white. Various shades depending upon varying relative proportions
of the components. Greaved(greve, the shin-bone), of a stem clothed like a leg in armor. Grega´rious(gregarius, of a flock), of mushrooms not solitary but growing together
in numbers in the same locality; in groups but not in a tufted manner. Gru´mous(grumosus, Gut´tate(guttatus, Gutt´ula(pl.Guttulæ) (dim. ofgutta, a drop), a small drop or drop-like particle;
the oil-globule in some spores resembling a nucleus. Gutt´ulate, finely guttate; also, containing or composed of fine drops or drop-like
particles; said of spores containing an oily nucleus-like globule or guttula. Gymnocar´pous(Gr—naked,Gr—fruit), having the hymenium exposed when
the spores are maturing. Gy´rate,Gy´rose(Gr—a circle), circling in wavy folds; having folds resembling
the convolutions of the brain. Hab´itat(habitat, it dwells), natural abode of a vegetable species. Hausto´rium(pl.Hausto´ria) (haustor, a drawer, Hemiangiocar´pous(hemi, half, +Gr—a vessel, a case), partly angiocarpous as
those agarics where the hymenium is at first enclosed by a veil or otherwise and
later becomes exposed. Hepat´ic(hepaticus, of the liver), pertaining to the liver, hence liver-colored;
brownish-red. Herbic´olous, growing on herbaceous plants. Heteroge´neous(Gr—one of two), of a structure which is different from adjacent
ones. Hibernac´ulum(pl.Hibernac´ula) (winter residence, Hirsute´(hirsutus, rough, shaggy, bristly), hairy with stiff hairs. Hir´to-Ver´rucose, bearing hairs grouped in wart-like masses. His´pid(hispidus, rough, shaggy, bristly), having strong hairs or bristles; bristly. Hoar´y, covered with short dense grayish-white hairs; canescent. Holo-, (Gr—entire, complete in all parts), a prefix signifying entire; whole. Homoge´neous(Gr—one and the same, + kind), similar in structure; of the same
character. Host, the name given to any plant or animal supporting a parasitic fungus. Homol´ogous(Gr—agreeing, correspondent), having the same relative position,
proportion, value or structure; having correspondence or likeness. Hu´mus(earth, ground, soil), vegetable mold; woody fiber in a state of decay. Hy´aline(Gr—clear), colorless; transparent; clear like glass. Hygromet´ric(Gr—wet, moist, + a measure, + ic), readily absorbing and retaining
moisture. Hygroph´anous(Gr—moist;Gr—to show), of a watery appearance when moist
and opaque when dry. Hygroscop´ic, having the property of absorbing moisture from the atmosphere;
sensitive to moisture. Hyme´nium(hymenial, belonging to the hymenium;Gr—a membrane), the fruit-bearing
surface;e. g.covering intimately each side of the gills of an Agaric. Hy´menomyce´tes(Gr—a mushroom, +Gr—a membrane), a group of Basidiomycetes
having the hymenium on the free, exposed surface of the sporophore. Hy´menophore,Hymenoph´orum(Gr—a membrane, + to bear), the structure
which bears the hymenium; in Agaricse. g.the under surface of the pileus to
which the gills are attached. Hy´pha(pl.Hy´phæ), the elementary filament or thread of a fungus; a cylindric
thread-like branched body developing by apical growth, and usually becoming
transversely septate. Hy´phal, of or pertaining to the hypha. Hypocrater´iform(Gr—the stand of a crater, +forma, form), having the shape
of a cylindrical cup the margin of which turns outward; salver-shaped. Hypogæ´ous,Hypoge´al,Hypoge´ous(hypogæous, underground), subterranean;
forming below the surface of the ground. Hypog´enous(Gr—under, + produced, + ous), growing on the under surface. Hypophyl´lous(foltum, a leaf, + ous), growing on the under side of a leaf. Hypothe´cium(Gr—under, a case), layer of hyphal tissue immediately beneath a
hymenium. Identification, the determination of a genus and species to which a given specimen
belongs. Im´bricate,Im´bricated(imbricatus, pp. ofimbricare, cover with gutter tiles; form
like a gutter tile), to lay or lap one over another, like shingles. Immar´ginate(in, negative;marginatus, marginate), without a well-defined margin. Immersed´(immersus, pp. ofimmergere, dip or plunge into), sunk into the matrix;
originating beneath the surface of the matrix or of the ground; growing wholly
under water. Imper´forate(in, not, +perforatus, pp. ofperforare, perforate), without any aperture. Incanes´cent(incanescen(t-)s, ppr. ofincanescere, become gray or hoary), somewhat
or slightly canescent. Incar´nate(in, in, on, +caro(carn), flesh), flesh-colored. Incised´(incisus, pp.incindere, cut into), appearing as if cut into; having marginal
slits or notches. Incras´sated(incrassatus, pp. ofincrassare, Incrus´ting(incrustare, cover with a rind or crust, Indehis´cent, applied to a peridium which does not open spontaneously at maturity;
the spores within it becoming freed by its decay. Indif´ferent, primitive, homogenous, not developed into parts or organs of different
structure or function. Indig´enous(indigena, a native), native of a country. Indigo Blue, a dark blue-color like the indigo of commerce. In´durated(induratus, pp. ofindurare, harden, Indu´sium(L.—a tunic, Infe´rior(inferior, lower), growing below some other part; of the ring of an Agaric
which is far down on the stem. Infla´ted, swollen like a bladder. Inflexed´(inflexus, pp.inflexere, bent), bent inward. Infundib´uliform(infundibulum, a funnel;forma, form), funnel-shaped. Inhibit´ion(inhibitio(n-), a restraining, In´nate(innatus, pp. ofinnasci, Inorgan´ic, not produced by vital processes; not organic. Isabella Color(alutaceus), a light grayish-cinnamon color, or light buff-brown. Inser´ted(insertus, pp.inserere, to insert), growing like a graft from its stock; attached
to or growing out of some other part. Insiti´tious(insitio, an ingrafting, Inter-(L.—in the midst, between, among, during), prefix signifying “between” or
“among” or “during.” Inter´calary,Inter´calated(intercalatus, pp. ofintercalare, Intercell´ular(inter, between, +cellula, cellule, + ar), situated between the cells. Interrupt´ed, said of any surface or series the continuity of which is broken. Inter´stices, spaces between any surfaces or things. Intra-(intra, within), prefix signifying “within.” Intracell´ular, situated within a cell or cells. Intralam´ellar, situated within or between the plates of the lamellæ (gills). Intravenal(intra, within, +vena, vein), situated or occurring within veins. Introduced´, applied to plants brought from another country and growing spontaneously. Intumes´cent(intumescens, ppr. ofintumescere, swell up), swelling up, becoming
tumid. Invag´inated(in, in, +vagina, a sheath), sheathed. In´volute(involutus, pp.involvere, to roll up), rolled inwards. Isabel´line, of the color of soiled linen or sole leather; alutaceous; brownish-yellow,
yellowish-gray. La´biate(labiatus, lipped, Labyrin´thine,Labyrin´thiform(labyrinthus, labyrinth), characterized by intricate
and sinuous lines; like a labyrinth. Lac´cate(laccatus, Lac´erate,Lac´erated, as if torn. Lacin´iate(laciniatus, Lactes´cent(lactescere, turn to milk), milk-bearing, provided with a milky juice. Lacu´na(pl.Lacu´næ) (lacuna, a pit, hollow, cavity, etc.), a pit or hollow, a gap;
a vacancy caused by the admission, loss or obliteration of something necessary
to continuity or completeness. Lacu´nose,Lacu´nous(lacunosus, full of hollows, Lamel´la(pl.Lamel´læ) (lamella, a thin piece of metal, wood), a gill or gills of
mushrooms, on which the hymenium is extended. La´nate(lanatus, woolly, Lan´ceolate(lanceolatus, Lat´eral, attached to or by one side. Lateric´eous,Laterit´ious(latericeus,lateritius, consisting of bricks, La´tex(latex, liquid;ferre, bear), thick milky juice. Laticif´erous(latex, liquid, +ferre, bear), applied to the tubes containing latex,
as in the Lactarii. Lat´ticed, formed by interlacing and crossing lines or columns which leave open
spaces between. Lavender(lavendulaceus), a very pale purplish color, paler and more delicate than
lilac. Lax(laxus, loose, slack), not compact, limber, flaccid. Lead-Color(plumbeus), same asPlumbeous. Lemon-Yellow(citreus,citrinus), a very pure light-yellow color, much like gamboge,
but purer and richer. Lentic´ular,Len´tiform(lenticularis, lentil-shaped, Lep´idote(Gr—scaly), scurfy with minute scales. Leucos´poræ(Gr—white;Gr—seed), a group of fungi having white spores, henceleucospore, a white spore;leucosporous, having spores of a white color. Lev´igate(levigatus, pp. oflevigare, make smooth), having a polished surface. Lig´natile(lignatilis, Lig´neous(ligneus, wooden), of woody texture. Lig´ulate(ligula, a tongue, strap, etc., + ate), strap-shaped, flattened like a strap. Lilac,Lilaceous(lilacinus,lilaceus), a light-purple color, like the flowers of the
lilac. Lin´ear(linearis, Ling´uiform,Ling´ulate(lingua, tongue), tongue-shaped. Livid(lividus, black-and-blue), bluish-black, like the black and blue of a bruise. Lobed,Lo´bate(Gr—the lobe of an ear), having divisions which are large and
rounded. Lob´ulate, having small lobes. Loc´ular,Loc´ulate,Loc´ulose,Loc´ulous(loculus, a box, cell), divided by internal
partitions into loculi or cells. Loc´ulus(pl.Loc´uli), a little chamber or cell. Lu´cid(lucidus, light, bright, clear), clear, transparent, bright. Lu´men(lumen, a window-light), the internal cavity or spaces in a cell or any tubular
organ. Lu´rid(luridus, pale-yellow, wan, etc.), a color between purple, yellow and gray;
livid. Lu´teous(luteus), yellowish; more or less like buff or clay color. Lutes´cent(lutescen(t-)s, ppr. oflutescere, turn to mud, Macro-(Gr—long), in composition “large” or “long.” Mac´ulate,Mac´ular,Mac´ulose(maculatus, pp. ofmaculare, spot, speckle),
spotted. Mam´miform(mamma, a breast;forma, form), breast-shaped; mastoid; teat-like. Mar´ginal Veil, a horizontal membrane extending from the margin of the pileus
to the stem; found in Hymenomycetes. Mar´ginate, having a well-defined border. Maroon(atro-purpureus,atro-coccineus), a rich brownish-crimson, nearly like the
pigment called purple madder; claret color. Ma´trix(matrix, a womb), the substance upon or in which a fungus grows. Mauve(malvaceus,malvinus), a light tint of violet. (Aniline violet + white.) Medial(medialis, Medul´la(medulla, marrow, pith, kernel, Med´ullary, composed of or pertaining to a medulla. Mega-(Gr—great, large), prefix signifying “great.” Melanos´poræ(Gr—black, —seed), a group of fungi having black spores. Membrana´ceous(membranaceus, of skin or membrane, Meris´moid(merisma, fromGr—to divide, + —form), applied to pileus which is
subdivided into many smaller pilei; resembling a Merisma; having a branched or
laciniate pileus. Mes´opod(Gr—middle, + —foot), plant having a central stem. Mica´ceous(micaceus, Mi´cron,Mi´kron, [Greek: m];, microscopic unit of measure;1⁄1000of a millimeter; nearly
.00004 inch; to convert inches to microns, approximately, divide by .00004;
represented by the Greek letter [Greek: m], following the number. Millimeter,MM.(mille, a thousand, + meter), the thousandth part of a meter, equal
to 0.03937 inch or nearly,1⁄25inch. It is denoted by mm., as 25.4 mm. is 1 inch. Min´iate(miniatus, pp. ofminiare, color with red lead, Mi´trate,Mit´riform(mitra, a miter), miter-shaped, bonnet-shaped. Mold,Mould, fine soft earth; a general term to describe certain fungus growths of
a low type. Monil´iform(monile, necklace;forma, form), contracted at intervals in the length
like a string of beads. Monos´tichous(Gr—single, + —a line), arranged in one row. Mon´strous, of unnatural formation; deviating greatly from the natural form or
structure (has no reference to size). Morpholog´ic,Morpholog´ical, of or pertaining to morphology. Morphol´ogy(Gr—form, + —speak), the science of organic form; the science of
of outer form and internal structure. Mother-Cell, a cell from which another is derived. Mouse-Gray(murino-griseus;murinus). (Lamp-black + white + sepia.) Mov´able, applied to a ring which has separated from the stem and can be moved
up and down. Muced´inous(mucedo, mucus), having the character of or resembling mold or mildew. Mu´cid(mucidus, moldy, Mucilag´inous(mucilago, a moldy, musty juice, + ous), slimy, ropy, slightly viscid,
soft, moist. Mu´cous(mucosus, slimy, Mu´cro(L.—a sharp point, esp. of a sword), a short and abrupt point of a leaf or
other organ. Mu´cronate(mucronatus, pointed, Multi-(multus, much, many), in composition “many.” Mul´tifid(multifidus, many-cleft), having many divisions. Multipar´tite(multipartitus, much divided), divided into many parts. Multisep´tate(as ifmultiseptatus, Mu´ricate(muricatus, pointed), rough with short hard points. Muric´ulate(muriculatus, dim. ofmuricatus, pointed), finely muricate. Mu´riform(murus, wall, +forma, shape), resembling the arrangement of the bricks
in the walls of a house; said of spores having septa at right angles to each other. Mu´rine,Mu´rinous(murinus, of a mouse), mouse-colored. Mush´room, a cryptogamic plant of the class fungi: applied in a general sense to
almost any of the larger, conspicuous fungi, such as toadstools, puff-balls, hydnei,
etc., but more particularly to the agaricoid fungi and especially to the edible
forms. Mu´tualism, symbiosis of two organisms living together and mutually helping and
supporting each other. Myc,Mycet,Myceto,Myco, prefix signifying “fungus.” Myce´lial, of or pertaining to mycelium. Myce´lium(Gr—a fungus, + an excrescence), spawn of fungi resulting from the
germination of spores; in agaricse. g.forming root-like threads; the weft of
threads from which the mushroom arises. Myce´lioid, like mycelium. Myc´eloid, like a fungus. Mycetol´ogy(Gr—a fungus, + —speak), mycology. Mycolog´ical, relating to fungi. Mycol´ogist, one who is versed in mycology. Mycol´ogy(Gr—a fungus, + —speak), the science of fungi, their structure, classification,
etc. Mycoph´agist, one who eats fungi. Mycoph´agy(Gr—a fungus, + —eat), the eating of fungi. Na´ked, bare; without covering of any kind, as of an enveloping membrane, pruinose,
farinaceous or furfuraceous particles, tomentum, fragments of volva or
veil, etc. Nap´iform(napus, a turnip, +forma, form), turnip-shaped. Narrow, of a very slight vertical width. Nas´cent(nascen(t)s, ppr. ofnasci, be born), in the earliest rudimentary condition;
beginning to exist or to grow. Nat´uralized, said of a plant of foreign origin which thrives as if indigenous. Navic´ular,Naviculoid(navicula, a small ship or boat), boat-shaped; scaphoid. Netted, covered with projecting, reticulated lines. Nigres´cent,Nig´ricant(nigrescen(t-)s, ppr. ofnigrescere, become black, grow dark),
becoming black, also blackish, dusky, fuscous. Nit´id,Nit´idus(nitidus, shining, bright, Ni´veous(niveus, snowy, Nod´ule(nodulus, a little knot, dim. ofnodus, a knot), a little knot or lump. Nod´ulose,Nod´ulous(nodulosus, Non-, not; prefix giving a negative sense to words. Nu´cleate,Nu´cleated(nucleatus, having a kernel), having a nucleus or nuclei. Nucle´olus(pl.Nuclei) (nucleolus, dim. ofnucleus, a little nut), sharply defined
point often seen in the nucleus. Nu´cleus(pl.Nu´clei) (nucleus, a little nut, kernel, stone of a fruit); the central,
highly differentiated mass of protoplasm in a spore or other cells of a fungus, controlling
cell division and reproduction, functionally the most important portion
of a cell, for in it the process of cell division begins; sometimes improperly applied
to the oil globules or guttulæ and the vacuoles within some spores. Ob-, in composition “inversely.” Obcla´vate(as ifobclavatus, Obcon´ic,Obcon´ical(ob;conus, a cone), inversely conical. Obcor´date(ob;cordatus, heart-shaped), like an inverted heart. Obese´(obesus, fat), stout, plump. Ob´ligate-Parasite, can only grow as a parasite; see facultative parasite. Ob´ligate-Saprophyte, can only grow as a saprophyte. SeeFacultative Saprophyte. Ob´long, two or three times longer than broad, with nearly parallel sides. Obo´vate, inversely ovate, having the broad end upward or toward the apex. Obpyr´iform(ob+pyriform, pear-shaped), inversely pear-shaped. Ob´solete, indistinct, very imperfectly developed; hardly perceptible. Obtuse´, blunt or rounded. Ochra´ceous,O´cherous,O´chreous,O´chroid,O´chry,O´chrous,O´chery(ochre,
ocher, + aceous), ocher-yellow; brownish-yellow. Ochra´ceous-Rufous(ochraceo-rufus). (Yellow ocher + burnt sienna + light red.) Ochre Yellow(ochraceo-flavus). The color of the pigment called yellow ocher. Ochros´poræ(Gr—pale yellow), a group of fungi having ocher or brown-colored
spores. Oleag´inous(oleum, oil), oily or oil-like. Oliva´ceous,Olive(olivaceus,olivinus), a greenish-brown color like that of olives
(Sepia + light zinnober-green.) Olive-Buff(olivaceo-luteus). (Yellow ocher + cobalt-blue + white.) Olive-Green(olivaceo-viridis), a peculiar color, produced by the mixture of yellow
and gray, resulting in a tint somewhat between olive and dull yellowish-green. Olive-Yellow(olivaceo-flavus). (Light-cadmium + black + white.) Opaque´,Opake´, mostly used in the sense of dull, not shining. Oper´culum(operculum, a lid, cover, Orange(aurantius), a deep reddish-yellow like the rind of an orange. Orange-Rufous(aurantio-rufus). (Neutral-orange or cadmium-orange + light-red.) Orange-Yellow(aurantio-flavus), a color intermediate between orange and yellow. Orbic´ular(orbicularis, Order, the most important unit of classification above the genus. Organ´ic, pertaining to either living or dead animal or vegetable organism. Os´mose(osmosis, thrust, push, impel), the impulse or tendency of fluids to pass
through membranes and mix or become diffused through each other. Osmo´sis(Gr—impulsion, pushing), the diffusion of fluids through membranes; seeosmose. Osmot´ic, of or pertaining to or characterized by osmose. Os´tiole,Osti´olum(ostiolum, a little door), mouth of the perithecium; orifice
through which the spores are discharged. O´vate(ovatus, egg-shaped), egg-shaped; having a figure the shape of a longitudinal
section of an egg. O´void(ovum, egg, +Gr—form), egg-shaped; used to describe solids. Pales´cent, inclining to paleness; becoming pallid. Pal´lid, pale, undecided color. Pal´udine,Palu´dinous,Pal´udose,Palus´trine(palus(palud-), a swamp), growing
in marshes or swamps. Papil´iona´ceous(papilio(n-), butterfly), variegated; mottled; marked with different
colors; as the lamellæ of some species of Panæolus mottled with black spores. Papil´la(pl.Papil´læ) (papilla, a nipple, a teat, also a bud, pimple, dim. ofpapula,
a pustule), a small nipple-shaped elevation. Pap´illate(papillatus, Papil´liform,Papil´læform, shaped like a papilla. Papyra´ceous(papyraceus, Paraph´ysis(pl.Paraph´yses) (Gr—an off-shoot), slender, thread-like bodies growing
with the asci; sterile cells usually club-shaped found with the reproductive
cells of some plants. Par´asite(Gr—one who eats at another’s table, a guest), a plant growing on or in
another living body from which it derives all or part of its nourishment. Parasit´ic, growing on and deriving support from another plant. Paren´chyma(Gr—the peculiar tissue of the lungs, liver, kidney and spleen), the
fundamental cellular tissue of plants composed of thin walled, approximately
isodiametric cells; absent in fungi. SeePseudoparenchymaandProsenchyma. Parenchym´atous, pertaining to, containing, consisting of or resembling parenchyma. Pa´ries(pl.Pari´eties), wall of a cavity or capsule. Pari´etal(parietalis, belonging to walls, Par´tial(partialis, divisible, solitary, Pat´ellate(patella, a small pan or dish, a plate), shaped like a dish. Patell´iform(patella, a pan, dish;forma, form), having the shape of a patella or
knee pan. Patent(paten(t)s, ppr.patere, lie open), spreading, diverging widely. Pea Green, a pale, dull green color like the color of green pea pods. Pearl Blue, a very pale, purplish-blue color. Pearl Gray(margaritaceus), a very pale, delicate, blue-gray color. Pec´tinate(pectinatus, comb-like, pp.pectinare, Ped´icel(pediculus, a little foot), foot stalk; any short, very small, stem-like stalk. Ped´icellate(pedicellus, dim. ofpediculus, a little foot), having a pedicel or little
foot stalk. Pel´licle(pellicula, a small skin, dim. ofpellis, skin), a little or thin skin, a cuticle;
same as cortical layer and cuticle. Pellic´ulose(pelliculosus, Pellu´cid(pellucidus,perlucidus, transparent, Pel´tate(peltatus, armed with a light shield, Pen´ciled(pencillum, a painter’s brush), marked with fine lines; with pencil-like
hairs either on the tip or border. Pen´dulous, hanging down. Pen´icillate(penicillus, a pencil), pencil-shaped; having a tuft of short hairs resembling
a camel’s-hair brush. Peren´nial(perennis, lasting the year through, Pergame´neous(pergamena, parchment, + eous), like parchment. Pericli´nal(Gr—sloping on all sides + al), said of wall cells or any lines when
parallel with the outer surface. Peridi´olum(dim. of peridium), a secondary or interior peridium containing a
hymenium. Perid´ium(pl.Perid´ia) (Gr—a pouch, wallet), the outer enveloping coat of the
sporophore in angiocarpous fungi, as in puff-balls. Periph´eral, of, belonging to or situated on the periphery. Periph´ery(peripheria, the line around a circle, circumference, part of a circle),
the exterior surface of any body. Per´istome(peristomium, around a mouth), toothed or variously shaped ring around
the mouth or orifice for discharge of spores in a peridium. Perithe´cium(pl.Perithe´cia) (Gr—a lid), cup-shaped ascocarp with the margin
incurved so as to form a narrow, mouthed cavity; the case or hollow shell which
contains the spores. Per´onate(peronatus, Persis´tent, enduring, continuing without withering, decaying or falling off. Per´sonate(personatus, masked, Per´vious(pervius, passable; Pezi´zoid, resembling a Peziza. Pi´leate(pileatus, capped, bonneted), having a cap or pileus. Pile´olus(pl.Pileoli) (pileolus, dim. ofpileus, a hat), secondary pileus, arising
from the division of a primary pileus; a little pileus. Pi´leus(pl.Pi´lei) (pileus, a hat), a part of the receptacle of a fungus,e. g.the
cap-like heads of agarics; it may be stipitate, sessile, dimidiate, regular or irregular
in form. Pilif´erous,Pilig´erous,Pi´lose,Pi´lous(pilus, hair, +ferre, bear), covered with
hair, especially with fine or soft hair. Pi´lose(pilosus, Pink(caryophyllaceus), a dilute, rose-red color. Pinkish-Buff(caryophyllaceo-luteus). (Yellow-ocher + light-red + white.) Pinkish-Vinaceous(caryophyllaceo-vinaceus). (Indian-red + white.) Pip-Shaped, the shape of an apple seed. Pi´siform(pisum, a pea, +forma, form), pea-shaped. Pith(pit, marrow, kernel), central stuffing in some stems. Pits(puteus, a well, a pit), depressions in tubes or cells resembling pores; applied
also to hollow depressions in the surface of the cap of the Morell. Pit´ted, covered with pits or small depressions. Placen´tiform(placenta, placenta, +forma, form), in the form of a thickened circular
disk depressed in the middle, both above and below. Plane, having a flat surface. Pli´cate(plicatus, fold, bend), folded like a fan; plaited. Plum´beous(plumbeus), a deep, bluish-gray color like tarnished lead; lead-color.
(Lamp-black + intense blue + white.) Plu´mose,Plu´mous(plumosus, full of feathers or down), feathery or feathered. Pluri-, prefixed has the significance of “many.” Pneumogas´tric(Gr—lung, + —stomach), pertaining to the lungs and stomach, or
to the functions of respiration and digestion; in anatomy noting several nervous
structures. Poc´uliform(poculum, cup, +forma, form), cup-shaped. Poly-, a prefix meaning “many.” Polyg´onal, having many angles. Polymor´phism,Pol´ymorphy, existence in or exhibition by the same species or
group of different types of structure. Polymor´phous(Gr—multiform, manifold), varying much in appearance, form or
structure in the same species or group; characterized by polymorphism.
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