GLOSSARY
A-, prefixed signifies absence; asaseptate, without septa.
Aber´rant(aberran(t-)s, ppr. ofaberrare, stray from, Abjec´tion(abjectio(n-), act of casting away,abicere,abjicere, Abjoint´(ab, from, +junctus, adjoining), to joint off or delimit by septa or partitions. Abnor´mal(abnormis, deviating from a fixed rule, irregular, Abor´tive(abortivus, born prematurely), imperfect or wanting. Abrupt´(abruptus, steep, disconnected, Abstric´tion(abstrictus, ppr. ofabstringere, Acaules´cent,Acau´line,Acau´lose,Acau´lous(caulis, a stem or stalk of a plant),
having a very short stem or none; stemless. Ac´erose(acerosus, chaffy), narrow, stiff and pointed like spruce needles; intermediate
in form between acicular and subulate. Acetab´uliform(acetabulum, a cup-shaped vessel;forma, form), cup-shaped, having
the form of a shallow bowl. Ach´roous(Gr—priv. +Gr—color), colorless, achromatic. Acic´ula(pl.Aciculæ)(a needle, a small pin, dim. ofacus, a needle), a needle-shaped
spine, prickle or other body. Acic´ular,Acic´ulate,Ac´iform(acicula, a small pin or needle), needle-shaped,
having a sharp point like a needle, as pine leaves. Ac´rogen(Gr—at the top, +Gr—born, produced), a cryptogam which increases
by development [of an apical cell] at the summit of an axis, having a true stem,
leaf-like appendages, etc., as ferns, mosses, etc. Acrog´enous(asacrogen+ous), (a) produced at the apex, as some spores from the
apex of a hyphal branch; (b) of the nature of or pertaining to acrogens. Acrop´etal(Gr—the top, +L.—petere, seek), developing from below upward, or
from the base toward the apex. Acu´leate,Acu´leated(aculeatus, furnished with prickles or stings), slender-pointed. Acu´leus(pl.Acu´lei) (a sting, prickle, spine, dim. ofacus, a needle), a prickle. Acu´minate(acumen, a point or extremity), terminating in a long drawn point. Acute´(acutus, sharp), sharp, applied to gills having sharp edges or pointed at
either end. Ad´nate(adnatus, grown to, pp.adnasci, to grow to), growing into or fast to; of
gills,e. g.closely attached to the stem. Adnexed´(adnexus, connected), of gills attached to the stem, but not adnate to it. Adpressed´(adpressus, pp. ofadprimere, Adventi´tious(adventitius, prop.adventicius, coming from abroad, Æru´ginose,Æru´ginous(æruginosus, <ærugo, rust of copper), verdigris-green. Affin´ity(affinita(t-)s, Agam´ic,Ag´amous(Gr—unmarried +ic), sexless. Ag´amogen´esis(Gr—unmarried, +Gr—production), non-sexual reproduction. Agam´ospore(Gr—unmarried, +spora, spore), spore formed without fertilization. Ag´aric(agaricum, a kind of tree-fungus used as tinder, named, according to Dioscorides,
from the country of the Agari in Sarmatia, where this fungus abounded),
any gill-bearing fungus; formerly applied only to members of the genus Agaricus. Agar´icioid, of the nature of an agaric; mushroom-like. Agglom´erate(agglomeratus, pp. ofagglomerare,adglomerare, wind into a ball,
Agglu´tinated(agglutinatus, pp.adglutinare, paste to), glued to a surface; grown
together fast; applied to fungi that are firmly attached to matrix. Ag´gregate,Ag´gregated(aggregatus, pp.adgregare, lead to a flock; add to), collected
together but not cohering. Albu´minoid(albumen+oid), an organic substance containing nitrogen in its composition,
as proteids. Allan´toid(Gr—a sausage, +Gr—form), sausage-shaped; narrowly oblong. Allia´ceous(allium, garlic, +aceous), having the odor of onions. Aluta´ceous(alutacius, Alveo´late(alveolatus, hollowed out, Amor´phous(Gr—without form, shapeless, misshapen), without definite form,
structure or position. Am´phigen(Gr—around, +Gr—produce), a thallogen; a name applied to a
cryptogam which increases by development of cellular tissue in all directions and
not at the summit of a distinct axis. SeeAcrogen. Amphig´enous(Gr—about;Gr—to beget), not confined to one surface, growing
all around;e. g., hymenium of Clavaria. Amyg´daline(amygdalinus, Amyla´ceous(amylum, starch, + aceous), composed of, containing or resembling
starch. Am´ylum(Gr—starch), starch. Anal´ogy(Gr—equality of ratios, proportion), superficial or general resemblance,
without structural agreement; physiologically or functionally alike, morphologically
unlike. Anas´tomosing(Gr—an opening, outlet, discharge), united by running together
irregularly; intercommunication of vessels, lines, gills or veins with each other. Angiocar´pous(Gr—a capsule, case, vessel of any kind), having the hymenium developed
in a closed receptacle. Angus´tate(angustatus, pp. ofangustere, straiten, narrow, An´nual(annualis, a year old, An´nular(annularis, relating to a ring, An´nulate(SeeAnnular), having a ring. An´nulus(SeeAnnular), the ring on the stem of a mushroom formed by the separation
of the veil from the margin of the cap. Anom´alous(anomalus, irregular, uneven), deviating from a general rule, method
or analogy. Anom´aly(anomalia, irregularity, unevenness), any deviation from the usual character. Ante´rior(as if fromanterus, Aparaph´ysate(a +Gr—an offshoot), without paraphyses. A´pex(pl.Api´ces)(apex, the extreme end), in mushrooms the extremity of the
stem nearest the gill; the end furthest from the base or point of attachment. Ap´ical(apex, the extreme end, point), relating to the apex or top. Ap´ices, plural of apex. Apic´ulate(apiculatus, dim. ofapex, a point), terminating in a short, abrupt point. Apic´ulus(pl.Apic´uli) (dim. ofapex(apic-), a point), a short, sharp point. Apothe´cium(pl.Apothe´cia), (Gr—a storehouse), in Ascomycetes, an open cup-shaped
fructification with the hymenium on its upper concave surface; cup. Appendic´ulate(appendiculatus Ap´planate(applanatus Appressed´(appressus,adpressus, pp. ofadprimere, press to, Approx´imate(approximatus, pp.approximare A´queous(as ifaqueus, Arach´noid(Gr—a spider’s web; +forma, form), like a cobweb. Arbo´real,Arbor´ical(arboreus, pertaining to trees), tree-inhabiting. Ar´cuate(arcuatus, pp.arcuare, to bend like a bow, Arena´ceous,Arena´rious,Are´nose(arenaceus,harenaceus, sandy, Are´olate(areola, dim. ofarea, a plot), divided into little areas or patches. Argilla´ceous(argillaceus Ar´id(aridus, dry, Aris´tate(aristatus Armil´la(armilla, a bracelet, armlet, hoop, ring, dim. prob. ofarmus, shoulder), a
plaited frill hanging from the apex of the stem. Arte´riole(arteriola, dim. ofarteria, artery), a small artery. Artic´ulate(articulatus, pp. ofarticulare, divide into joints or members, Ascend´ing(ad, to, +scandere, to climb), inclining or growing upward; applied
to a lamella where its edge forms a line ascending in the direction from the margin
of pileus toward the apex of the stipe; as in conical shaped pilei; applied to
the partial veil when in the young stage its stem-attachment is below the level of
its marginal one; in this case a ring formed from it is called inferior. As´ci(Gr—a leathern bag, bladder), spore cases of certain mushrooms, in which a
definite number of spores are enclosed in a sac. Ascif´erous, Ascoph´orous(ascus+ferre, bear), ascus-bearing. Ascig´erous(ascus+gerere, bear), bearing asci. As´cocarp(Gr—a bag, + a fruit), in Ascomycetes, sporocarp producing asci and
ascospores. Ascog´enous(Gr—a bag, + producing), producing asci. Ascomyce´tes(Gr—a bag, +Gr—a mushroom), group of fungi in which the spores
are produced within little sack-like cells, called asci. Ascomyce´tous, of or pertaining to the ascomycetes. As’cophore(Gr—bearing wine-skins;Gr—a bag), sporophore bearing an ascus or
asci. Ascoph´orous, bearing an ascus or asci. As´cospores(Gr—a bag, +Gr—seed), one of a number of spores formed within
an ascus. As´cus(pl.As´ci) (Gr—a leather bag, bottle, bladder, etc.), microscopic sack-like
cells in which spores, generally eight in number, are developed. Asep´tate(Gr—without, +L.—septum, a fence), without partitions or septa, said
of hyphæ and spores. Ash Color(SeeCinereous). As´perate, As´perated(asperatus, pp. ofasperare, roughen, As´tichous(astichus, Asto´matous(astomatus, mouthless), without a mouth or aperture; without stomata. As´tomous(astomus, mouthless), without a stoma or mouth. At´omate(Gr—an atom), sprinkled with atoms or minute particles. A´tro(ater, black), in composition “black,” or “dark.” A´tropurpu´reous(ater, black, +purpura, purple dye, + ous), dark purple. A´trosanguin´eous(ater, black;sanguineus, blood, bloody), dark purple; dark
blood color. Atten´uate(attenuatus, pp. ofattenuare, make thin, weaken, lessen, Auranti´aceous(aurantium, an orange), orange-colored. Aur´eous(aureus, of gold, golden, Auric´ulate,Aur´iform(auriculatus, Auto-basid´ium(actus, an act, dim. ofGr—a base, + basidium), an unseptated basidium
giving rise at the apex to four slender sterigmata (sometimes fewer, sometimes
more), each bearing a spore. Auton´omous(Gr—independent; of one’s own free will;Gr—self, +Gr—hold
sway), said of plants that are perfect and complete in themselves; not forming
part of a cycle; independent. Ax´is(axle, axis, pole of the earth), the central line of growth; stipe, stalk, etc. Azo´nate(Gr—without, +L.—zona, a zone), without zones or circular bands of
different color. Ba´dious(badius, bay), bay; reddish-brown; chestnut color. Band, a broad bar of color. Banded, marked with bands. Barbed(barba, beard), furnished with barbs, fibrils or hairs. Base(bassus, low, short, thick), the extremity opposite to the apex; the part of an
organ nearest its point of attachment; applied to lamellæ; (a) the line of attachment
to the pileus (as connected by veins at the base); (b) sometimes used
to define the end attached to the stipe (broad or reticulate at the base). Basid´iogenet´ic(Gr—a base + genesis), produced upon a basidium. Basid´iomyce´tes(basidium+Gr—a mushroom), group of fungi which has its
spores produced upon basidia. Basid´iophore(basidium+Gr—to bear), a sporophore bearing basidia. Basid´iospore(basidium+Gr—spora, spore; seed), spore acrogenously abjointed
upon a basidium. Basid´ium(pl.Basid´ia), mother cells in the hymenium of basidiomycetes formed
on the end of a hyphal branch and abstricting spores; the spores are generally
four in number, each on a sterigma, but sometimes more, sometimes fewer, and
sometimes sessile. SeeAuto-basidiumandProto-basidium. Basip´etal(basis, a base, +petere, seek, + al), in the direction of the base. Bay(badius), a very rich dark-reddish chestnut; badious. Bi-, prefix, meaning twice. Bib´ulous(bibulus, Bicip´etal,Bicip´itous(biceps(bicipit-), two-headed, + al), in botany divided into
two parts at the top or bottom. Bi´fid(bifidus, forked, Bifur´cated(bifurcus, two-forked), divided into two forks or branches as in the
gills of certain Agarics. Biloc´ular(bi, two, +loculus, a cell, Biog´enous(bi, two, +genus, Bise´riate,Bise´rial(bi, two, + seriate), arranged in two rows. Bis´tre(fuligineus), a dark brown color somewhat more reddish than sepia, but
much less so than burnt umber. Boot´ed, applied to the stem of a mushroom when enclosed in a sheath or volva;
peronate. Boss, a knob or short rounded protuberance; umbo. Bossed,Bull´ate(bulla, a bubble), furnished with a boss, stud or umbo. Branched(brancha, claw), dividing from the sides; also styled furcate and forked;
ramifying, diverging. Brick, trade-term for a mass of mushroom spawn, in dimensions the size of a brick
of masonry. Brick Red(testaceus,lateritius,rutilus), a dull brownish-red color like the color
of burnt bricks. Broad, wide or deep vertically, not narrow. Broccoli Color, the color of a variety of cabbage. Buff(luteus,luteolus), a light dull brownish-yellow, like the color of dressed buck-skin
or chamois. Bul´bous(bulbosus, Byssa´ceous,Bys´soid(as ifbyssaceus, Bys´sus(Gr—originally a fine yellowish flax), an old name for the filamentous
mycelium of certain fungi. Cæru´leus,Ceru´leos(cæruleus, dark-blue, dark-green, dark colored), light blue;
sky-blue. Cæ´sious(cæsius, bluish-gray), pale, bluish-gray; lavender colored. Cæs´pitose,Cæs´pitous,Ces´pitose(cæspitosus, Calca´reous(calcarius, pertaining to lime, Callos´ity,Cal´lus(callosita, Calyp´tra(Gr—a veil, hencecalyptra, a hood), appliede. g.to the portion of the
volva covering the pileus. Campan´ulate(campana, a bell), bell-shaped. Canalic´ulate(canaliculus, a little channel), channeled, furrowed. Can´cellate(cancellatus, pp. ofcancellare, make like or provide with a lattice),
latticed, marked both longitudinally and transversely with an open network. Can´didous(candidus), shining white. Canes´cent(canescen(t-)s, pp. ofcanescere, Cap, pileus; the expanded, umbrella-like receptacle of the common mushroom. Cap´illary(capillaris, pertaining to the hair, Capil´liform(capillus, hair, +forma, form), in the shape or form of a hair. Capillit´ium(capillus, hair), spore-bearing threads, filling as a packing material
the fruiting part of certain fungi, variable in thickness and color, sometimes continuous
with the sterile base, sometimes free, dense, persistent or lax and evanescent,
often branched; found in the Lycoperdons. Cap´itate(capitatus, having a head, Capit´ulum(capitulum, a small head, Cap´sule(capsula, a small box or chest, dim. ofcapsa, a box), an enclosing envelope
usually thin and membranous. Carbona´ceous(carbon + aceous), rigid, blackish and brittle; like or composed of
carbon or coaly matter. Car´diac(cardiacus, heart), of or pertaining to the heart; pertaining to the esophageal
portion of the stomach, opposed to pyloric. Ca´rious(cariosus, Carmine(carmineus,coccineus), a very pure and intense crimson, the purest of the
cochineal colors. Car´neous(carneus, Car´nose(carnosus, fleshy, Cartilag´inous(cartilaginosus, Casta´neous(castaneus), chestnut-colored; chestnut color. (Burnt umber + vermilion.) Cau´date(caudatus, Caulic´olous(dim. ofcaulis, a stalk), growing on herbaceous stems. Cell(cella, a small room, barn, etc.), (a) a small cavity, compartment or hollow
place; (b) a mass of protoplasm of various size and shape, generally microscopic,
with or without a nucleus and enclosing wall, the fundamental form-element of
every organized body. Cell´ular(cellula, dim. of a cell, + ar), composed of cells. Cell´ulose(cellula, a cell), the essential constituent of the primary wall-membrane
of cells, a secretion from the contained protoplasm; allied to starch, sugar and
inulin. Chemical formula, C6H10O5. Centimeter,CM.(centum, a hundred, + metre, meter), in the metric system a
measure of length, the hundredth part of a meter, equal to 0.3937 of an English
inch. Centrif´ugally(centrum, the center, +fugere, flee), from the center outwards. Centrip´etally(centrum, the center, +petere, seek, move toward), from the circumference
toward the center. Ce´pæform(cepa, an onion;forma, form), onion-shaped. Cera´ceous(ceraceus, Cereb´riform(cerebrum, the brain, +forma, form), brain-shaped. Cer´vine(cervinus, Chan´neled(canalis, a water-pipe, canal), hollowed out like a gutter; canaliculate Charta´ceous(chartaceus, Chestnut Color(castaneus,spadiceus), a rich dark reddish-brown of a slightly
purplish cast. (Vermilion + burnt umber.) Chlam´ydospores(Gr—mantle, +Gr—seed) (encased spores), one of a number
of thick-walled resting spores usually formed in rows from the breaking up of the
hyphæ into spherical bead-like cells; on germination they may develop sporangia
or conidiophores. Chlo´rophyll(chlorophyllum,Gr—yellowish-green;Gr=L.,folium, a leaf), the
green coloring matter of plants. Chloro´sis(Gr—greenness, paleness), loss of color, etiolation. Chocolate-Brown(chocolatinus), a rich dark reddish-brown color, like the exterior
glazed surface of a cake of chocolate. Chrome-Green(chromium-viridis), a dull green color, nearly intermediate between
malachite green and sage green. Chrome-Yellow, a deep yellow. Cil´ia(pl. ofCili´um), (cilium, an eye-lid), marginal hair-like processes. Cil´iate(cilium, an eye-lid), fringed with hair-like processes. Cine´reous,Cinera´ceous(cinereus,cineraceus), ash-gray; a light bluish-gray color,
lighter than plumbeous. Cin´nabarine(cinnabar, vermilion, + ine), cinnabar-colored; bright red; vermilion. Cinnamo´meous,Cinnamon(cinnamomeus,cinnamominus), a light reddish-brown
color, like the inner surface of cinnamon bark. Cinnamon-Rufous(cinnamomeo-rufus), rufous with a tinge of cinnamon. (Burnt sienna
+ raw umber + light red + white.) Cir´cinate(circinatus, pp.circinare, to make round), disposed in a circle; circular,
coiled like a shepherd’s crook. Circumscis´sile(circumscissus, pp. ofcircumscindere, cut about), opening or dividing
by a transverse circular line; applied to a mode of dehiscence in some fruits. Cit´rine,Cit´reous,Cit´rinous(citrus, a lemon or citron), lemon-yellow colored. Clath´rate,Clath´roid(clathratus,Gr—a lattice), latticed. Cla´vate,Clav´iform(clavatus, Clay Color(lutescens,luteolus,lutosus,argillaceus), a dull light brownish-yellow
color, nearly intermediate between yellow ocher and Isabella color. Cleis´tocarp,Clis´tocarp(Gr—that can be closed, + fruit), an ascocarp which is
entirely closed, and from which the spores escape by its final rupture. Close, packed closely side by side; said of lamellæ when they are close together;
also styled crowded. Coales´cent(coalescens, ppr. ofcoalescere, grow together), growing together of similar
parts; coherent. Coch´leate,Cochlear´iform(cochleatus,cocleatus, spiral, Cohe´rent(coherens, ppr. ofcohærere, stick together, cohere), sticking together of
similar parts; sometimes used in the sense of connate. Collen´chyma(Gr—glue, +Gr—an infusion), in Geaster, etc., a cartilaginous-gelatinous
tissue, hygroscopic and with great capacity for swelling, forming one
of the inner layers of the peridium; its swelling at maturity causes the outer
peridium to burst outward in a stellate manner. Collic´ulose(colliculus, a little hill, dim. ofcollis, a hill), covered with little hill-like
elevations. Col´loid(Gr—glue, + semblance), like glue or jelly. Columel´la(columella, a little column), a sterile tissue rising column-like in the
midst of the capillitium, serving as a point of insertion for the threads which
connect it with the peridium in the form of a network. (In Lycoperdaceæ.) Co´mate,Co´mose,Co´mous(comatus, hairy, Com´planate(complanatus, pp. ofcomplanare, make plane or plain), flattened vertically
to a level surface above and below. Compressed´(compressa, fem. ofcompressus, pp. ofcomprimere, compress), flattened
laterally. Concat´enate(con, together, +catenare, link, chain, Concave´(concavus, hollow, arched, vaulted;com, together, +cavus, hollow), having
a rounded, incurved surface. Concen´tric(con, together;centrum, center), having a common center, as a series
of rings, one within another. Concep´tacle(conceptaculum, Con´chiform(concha, a shell, +forma, shape), shell-shaped, resembling a clam-shell
in shape. Concolored,Concol´orous(concolor, of one color), of a uniform color. Concres´cent(concrescentia, Con´crete(concretus, grown together, solid), coalescent; united in a coagulated,
condensed or solid mass; grown together. Confer´void(conferva, a name applied to certain of the Algæ, sea-weeds; +Gr—form),
like a Conferva, from the finely branched threads; loose and filamentous. Con´fluent(con, together, +Gr—fluere, flow), blended into one. Con´gener(congener, of the same race, Congener´ic,Congener´ical,Congen´erous(congener, of the same race, + ic, ous),
belonging to or nearly allied to the same genus. Congenet´ic(con, together, +Gr—generation, seed), produced at the same time or
by the same cause; alike in origin. Conglom´erate(conglomeratus, pp. ofconglomerare, roll together, heap together,
Conglu´tinate(conglutinatus, pp. ofconglutinare, glue together, Conid´ial(conidium + al), pertaining to or of the nature of a conidium or conidia;
characterized by the formation of conidia; bearing conidia. Conidiif´erous,Conidioph´orous(conidium, dust, +ferre, bear), bearing conidia. Conid´iophore(conidium, +Gr—bearing), a hypha from which are abstricted
conidia. Conid´ium(pl.Conidia), a non-sexual spore formed singly or in chains by abstriction
from the ends of hyphæ or hyphal branches. See underSpore. Co´nifer(conifer, cone-bearing, Conjuga´tion(conjugatio(n-), a joining, entomological relationship, Con´nate(connatus, pp.connasci, Con´nivent(conniven(t-)s,coniven(t-)s, ppr. ofconnivere,conivere, wink at; overlook),
having an inward direction, converging, coming in contact, said of a cup
whose sides curve inward and meet at the margin. Con´stant(constan(t-)s, steady, firm, Constric´ted(constrict + ed), contracted so as to be smaller in one or more places
than in others. Con´text(contextus, pp. ofcontexere, join or weave together), texture; substance. Contig´uous(contiguus, touching), near, or in contact. Contin´uous(continuus, joined, Contor´ted(contortus, pp. ofcontorquere, twist, Con´vex(convexus, vaulted, arched, convex, concave), elevated and regularly
rounded; forming the segment of a sphere or nearly so. Convex´o-Plane, between convex and flat. Con´volute(convolutus, pp. ofconvolvere, roll together), covered with irregular convexities
and depressions resembling the convolutions of the brain. Cor´date(cordatus, heart-shaped), heart-shaped. Coria´ceous(coriaceus, Cor´neous(corneus, horny), of a horny texture. Cor´rugated(corrugatus, pp.corrugare, Cor´tex(cortex, cork), literally bark; a covering of cells enclosing the axis; cortical
layer; the outer rind-like layer or layers of some fungus bodies. Cor´tical(cortex(cortic), bark, rind, + al), of or pertaining to the cortex. Cor´ticate,Cor´ticated(corticatus, pp. adj., Corti´na(cortina), a veil of spider-web structure rupturing at or near the stem; applied
to the peculiar veil of the genus Cortinarius. Cor´tinate(cortinatus, Cos´tate(costatus, ribbed, Costæ(pl. ofcosta, a rib, a side), ribs or primary veins (as in a leaf). Crate´ra(crater, a bowl), a cup-shaped receptacle. Crater´iform(crater, a crater, +forma, shape), basin or saucer-shaped; having
the form of a crater. Cream Color(cremeus), a light pinkish-yellow color like cream. Cre´nate(crenatus, Cren´ulate,Cren´ulated(crenulatus), same as crenate. Creta´ceous(cretaceus, chalky, Crib´rate,Crib´riform(cribrum, a sieve, +forma, shape), sieve-like; perforated
with small holes. Crib´rose(cribrosus, Crimson(carmineus,sanguineus,sanguineo-ruber), blood-red, the color of the cruder
sorts of carmine. Cri´nite(crinitus, haired, pp. ofcrinire, provide with hair, Crisp,Crisped,Cris´pate(crispus, curled, wavy, uneven, tremulous), having the
surface, especially near the margin, strongly and finely undulate, as the leaves of
the Savoy cabbage. Cris´tate(cristatus, Cru´ciate,Cru´ciform(cruciatus, pp. ofcruciare, torture), having the form of a
cross with equal arms. Crusta´ceous(crusta, a crust, + aceous), of hard and brittle texture. Cryp´togam(Gr—hidden, + marriage), a plant of the order Cryptogamia. Cryptoga´mia(Gr—hidden, + marriage), flowerless plants propagated by spores. Cryptog´amy(Gr—hidden, + marriage), obscure fructification as in plants of the
class Cryptogamia. Culm(culmus, a stalk), the stem of grasses. Cu´neate,Cune´iform(cuneatus, pp. ofcuneare, wedge, make wedge-shaped, Cup(cupa, a tub, cask, vat), the concave fruiting body of angiocarpous lichens and
discomycetous fungi; the peridium of a clustering fungus. SeeApothecium. Cu´preous(cupreus, of copper, Cu´pular,Cu´pulate(a little cup, dim. ofcupa, a cup), cup-shaped. Cu´pule,Cu´pula(a little cup, dim. ofcupa, a cup), a receptacle shaped like a little
cup, as in Peziza. Curled, same asCrisp. Curt(curtus, clipped, broken, shortened), short. Cur´tain(cortina, a small croft, screen, etc.), same as cortina. Cus´pidate(cuspidatus, pp.cuspidare, Cu´ticle(cuticula, dim. ofcutis, the skin), a distinct skin-like layer; cutis, cuticle,
pellicle and epidermis have been used indiscriminately to describe the separable
or inseparable skin-like layer sometimes present on the outer surface of the pileus
and stem; of these terms, cuticle is used most commonly. Cu´tis. SeeCuticle. Cya´neous(cyaneus, dark blue), bright blue; azure; lapis-lazuli blue. Cyano´sis(Gr—dark-blue, + osis), in pathology a blue or more or less livid color of
the surface of the body, due to imperfect circulation and oxygenation of the
blood. Cy´athiform(cyathus, a cup;forma, form), cup-shaped, shape of a drinking glass
slightly widened at the top. Cylin´dric,Cylin´drical(cylindricus, cylinder), cylinder-shaped; applied to a
branch or stem having the same or nearly the same diameter throughout, and
its cross-section circular. Cym´bæform,Cym´biform(cymba, a boat, +forma, shape), boat-shape. Cyst(cystis, the bladder, bag, pouch), a bladder-like cell or cavity. Cystid´ium(pl.Cystid´ia) (Gr—the bladder, + the dim. termination), sterile
bladder cells of the hymenium, generally larger than the basidia cells between
which and with which they are formed. Dash, -, between two figures = to; from 2 to 4. Daughter-cell, any cell when mentioned in relation to the one (mother-cell) from
which it is derived. Deal´bate(dealbatus, pp. ofdealbare, whiten, white-wash, etc., Decid´uous(deciduus, that falls down; Decor´ticate,Decor´ticated(decorticatus, pp. ofdecorticare, Decum´bent(decumben(t-)s, ppr. ofdecumbere, lie down, Decur´rent(decurren(t-)s, ppr.decurrere, run down), applied to lamellæ (gills)
which are prolonged down the stem. Decurved´(decurve + ed, afterdecurvatus, curved back), curved downward; opposed
to recurved. Deflexed´(deflexus, pp.deflectere, turn aside), bent or turned down. Dehis´cence(dehiscen(t-)s, dehiscent), the spontaneous opening of a peridium at
maturity to discharge the spores. Dehis´cent(dehiscere, gape, open), a closed organ opening of itself at maturity or
when it has attained a certain development. Deliques´cent(deliquescere, melt away), relating to mushrooms which at maturity
become liquid or melt down. Delimita´tion(delimitare, mark out the limits, Den´droid,Den´driform(Gr—a tree, +L.—forma, form), tree-shaped. Den´tate(dentatus, tooth), toothed with a concave serrature. Dentic´ulate(denticulatus, Denu´date(denudatus, pp. ofdenudare, make bare, strip), naked; exposed, not immersed. Depressed´(depressus, pp. ofdeprimere, Dermini, a group of fungi with brown or rust-colored spores. Descend´ing(descindere, pp.descensus, come down, fall, Des´iccate,Des´iccated(desiccatus, pp. ofdesiccare, dry up, Deter´minate(determinatus, pp.determinare, fix, limit), ending definitely; having a
distinctly defined outline. Determina´tion(determinatio(n), boundary, conclusion, end,determinare, pp.determinatus,
bound, determine), assignment to the proper place in a classification or
series. Diagno´sis(diagnosis, a distinguishing), scientific discrimination of any kind; a
short distinctive description, as of a plant. Diaph´anous(Gr—through, + to appear), of a transparent texture; permitting the
passage of light. Dichot´omous(Gr—in two, + to cut), dividing into two; regularly forked. Dichot´omy(Gr—a cutting in two), a mode of branching by constant forking or
dividing in pairs. Did´ymous(Gr—double, twofold, twin), double; of two equal parts. Differen´tiated(differentia, difference), exhibiting differentiation. Differentia´tion(differentia, difference, + ation), (a) discrimination between by
observing or describing the differences; (b) the evolutionary process or results by
which originally different parts or organs become differentiated or specialized in
either form or function; specialization. Dif´fluent(diffluen(t-)s, ppr. ofdiffluere, Dif´form,Difformed´(deformis, deformed), irregular in form, not uniform. Diffuse´(diffusus, pp. ofdiffundere, pour in different directions, pour out, Dig´itate(digitatus, having fingers or toes, Dila´ted(dilatare, spread out; extend), expanded; enlarged. Dimid´iate(dimidiatus, Dimor´phic,Dimor´phous(dimorphus, having two forms), existing in two distinct
forms. Dimor´phism(dimorphus, having two forms), the property of existing under two
distinct forms. Disc,Disk(discus, a disk, trencher), (a) any flat circular disk-like growth; (b) the
central portion of the upper surface of a pileus; the cup-shaped or otherwise variously
shaped hymenial surface of a Discomycete. Dis´ciform,Dis´coid,Dis´coidal(discoides, disk-shaped), of a circular, flat form;
disk-shaped. Dis´cocarp(Gr—a disk, +Gr—fruit), ascocarp in which the hymenium or disk
lies exposed while the asci are maturing as in Peziza, Morchella, etc. Discomyce´tes(Gr—a disk, +Gr—fungus), a group of ascomycetous fungi in
which the hymenium is exposed; the fruiting body is cupular, discoid or clavate,
and sometimes convoluted. Discrete´(discretus, distinguished, separated), distinct, not coalescent. Dissec´ted(dissectus, pp. ofdissecare, cut asunder, Dissep´iments(dissepimentum, a partition) dividing walls; partitions. Dis´tal(dist(ance)+ al), pertaining to the apex or outer extremity. Dis´tant, (distans, ppr.distare, stand apart), far apart; of gills which have a wide
distance between them. Dis´tichous(Gr—having two rows), disposed in two rows. Divar´icate(divaricatus, pp.divaricare, spread asunder), separating at an obtuse
angle; diverging widely. Dor´sal(dorsalis, Down, fine, soft pubescence. EorEx-, prefix signifying “destitute of,” “outside of,” or “away from.” Ebe´neous(ebeneus, of ebony, Ebur´neous(eburneus, of ivory, Eccen´tric(Gr—out of the center), excentric. Ech´inate(echinatus, set with bristles, prickly), furnished with stiff bristles. Echin´ulate(echinulus, dim. ofechinus, a hedgehog), beset with short bristles. Ecto-(Gr—without, outside), prefix signifying “outside.” Ectobasid´ia(Gr—outside, + basidium), basidia placed on an exposed surface; not
enclosed. Eden´tate(edentatus, toothless, pp. ofedentare, render toothless), without teeth. Effused´(effusus, pp.effundere, pour out), spread over without regular form. Effu´so-Reflexed´, effused with upper margin reflected forming a pileus. Egg(ovum, an egg), a young plant before rupture of the volva in Phalloids, Amanitas,
etc. Egutt´ulate, not containing guttulæ. Ellip´soid(Gr—ellipse, +Gr—form), a solid figure all plane, sections of which
are ellipses or circles. Ellipsoi´dal, shaped like an ellipsoid. Ellip´tic,Ellip´tical(Gr—ellipse), elongate-ovate; more than twice as long as
broad; parallel-sided in the middle and rounded at both ends. Emar´ginate(emarginatus, pp.emarginare, Embossed´, in botany projecting in the center like the boss or umbo of a round
shield. Em´bryo, the mushroom before leaving its volva, also an early stage of mushrooms
which have no volva. Encrust´ing(incrustare, cover with a rind or crust, Endem´ic(Gr—native), peculiar to and characteristic of a locality or region; indigenous
in some region and not elsewhere. Endo-,Ento-(Gr—“in,” “within”), prefix signifying “within,” “inside.” Endobasid´ia(Gr—within, + basidium), basidia enclosed in a dehiscent or indehiscent
conceptacle. Endocau´lous(Gr—within, +caulis, a stalk), growing in the substance of herbaceous
stems. En´dogen(Gr—within, + producing). SeeMonocotyledon. Endog´enous(Gr—within, +Gr—producing, + ous), produced within another
body; of or pertaining to the class of endogens. Endoperid´ium(Gr—within, + peridium), inner layer of the peridium. En´dophyte(Gr—within, + a plant), a plant growing within an animal or another
plant, usually as a parasite; entophyte. En´dospore,Endospo´rium(Gr—within, +Gr—seed), (a) the inner coat of a
spore; (b) spore which is produced within a sporangium or spore-sac as the
ascospores. En´siform(ensis, a sword, +forma, shape), sword-shaped. Entire´(integer, Entomog´enous(Gr—an insect, + produced), growing upon or in insects. Entomoph´ytous(Gr—within, + grow), growing upon or in insects. En´tophyte, endophyte. Epider´mis(Gr—the outer skin), the external or outer layer of the plant. Epig´enous(Gr—growing after or late), growing upon the surface of a part; often
limited to growth upon the upper surface, in distinction from hypogenous.
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