CONTENTS.
Preface.Page vCHAPTER I.Discovery of Peruvian Bark.The Countess of Chinchon—Introduction of the use of bark into Europe— M. La Condamine's first description of achinchona-tree—J. de Jussieu— Description of the chinchona region—The different valuable species—The discovery of quinine1CHAPTER II.The Valuable Species of Chinchona-trees—their History, their Discoverers, and their Forests.I. The Loxa region and itscrown barks21II. The "red-bark" region, on the western slopes of Chimborazo26III. The New Granada region27IV. The Huanuco region in Northern Peru, and its "grey barks"30V. TheCalisayaregion in Bolivia and Southern Peru35CHAPTER III.Rapid destruction of chinchona-trees in South America—Importance of their introduction into other countries—M. Hasskarl's mission— Chinchona plantations in Java44CHAPTER IV.Introduction of Chinchona-plants into India.Preliminary arrangements60CHAPTER V.Islay and Arequipa69CHAPTER VI.Journey across the Cordillera to Puno88CHAPTER VII.Lake Titicaca.The Aymara Indians—Their antiquities—Tiahuanaco—Coati—Sillustani —Copacabana108CHAPTER VIII.The Peruvian Indians.Their condition under Spanish colonial rule117CHAPTER IX.Narrative of the insurrection of José Gabriel Tupac Amaru, the last of the Incas134CHAPTER X.Diego Tupac Amaru—Fate of the Inca's family—Insurrection of Pumacagua158CHAPTER XI.Journey from Puno to Crucero, the capital of Caravaya180CHAPTER XII.The Province of Caravaya.A short historical and geographical description199CHAPTER XIII.Caravaya—The valley of Sandia216CHAPTER XIV.Coca cultivation232CHAPTER XV.Caravaya.Chinchona forests of Tambopata240CHAPTER XVI.General remarks on the chinchona-plants of Caravaya267CHAPTER XVII.Journey from the Forests of Tambopata to the Port of Islay.Establishment of the plants in Wardian cases275CHAPTER XVIII.Present Condition and Future Prospects of Peru.Population—Civil wars—Government—Constitution—General Castilla and his ministers—Dr. Vigil—Mariano Paz Soldan—Valleys on the coast—Cotton, wool, and specie—The Amazons—Guano—Finances—Literature—Future prospects288CHAPTER XIX.Mr. Spruce's expedition to procure plants and seeds of the "red bark," orC. succirubra—Mr. Pritchett in the Huanuco region, and the "grey barks"—Mr. Cross's proceedings at Loxa, and collection of seeds ofC. Condaminea313CHAPTER XX.Conveyance of Chinchona-plants and Seeds from South America to India.Transmission of dried specimens—Voyages of plants in Wardian cases—Arrival of plants and seeds in India—Depôt at Kew—Treatment of plants in Wardian cases—Effects of introduction of chinchona-plants into India on trade in South America—Neilgherry hills331