[109]See an illustration toChapter X. for similar ivories, still more interesting, from their greater depth, than those mentioned in the text, which are very imperfectly shown on the original photograph.[110]See the Plate of Idols, p. 36.[111]See Cut, No. 13, p. 35.[112]Dr. Schliemann is here speaking of the “cups” which he afterwards decided to becovers, which of course represent only thehead, thebodybeing on the vase.—[Ed.][113]See Cut, No. 54, p. 86.[114]Ithaque, le Péloponnèse et Troie.Dr. Schliemann’s subsequent change of opinion on this point is explained in subsequent chapters, and in the Introduction.[115]The various types of whorls spoken of here and throughout the work are delineated in the lithographic Plates at the end of the volume, and are described in theList of Illustrations.[116]These “rising suns” are the arcs with their ends resting on the circumference of the whorl, as in Nos. 321-28, and many others on the Plates. M. Burnouf describes them as “stations of the sun.”[117]For the type of whorls with “sôma-trees” or “trees of life” (four, or more, or fewer), see Nos. 398, 400, 401, 404, &c. In No. 410 the four trees form a cross.[118]Plate LII., No. 498.[119]This falcon seems to be represented by rude two-legged figures on some of the whorls:—e. g.onPlate XLV., No. 468 (comp. p. 135).[120]Abhandlungen der K. bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1846, S. 127.[121]A. Kuhn, ‘Herabkunft des Feuers.'[122]Geschichte der Kunst.[123]See the cut No. 75 and also onPlate XXX., No. 382. M. Burnouf describes the animal to the right as ahare, the symbol of the Moon, and the other two as theantelopes, which denote the prevailing of the two halves of the month (quinzaines).[124]SeePlate XXXV., No. 414. The same symbol is seen on several other examples.[125]Iliad, XIV. 346-351. An English writer ought surely to use our old-fashioned formJove, which is also even philologically preferable as the stem common to Ζεύς andJu-piter (Διο = Ζεϝ =Jov), rather than the somewhat pedantically sounding Ζεύς.—[Ed.][126]Essays, II. 93.[127]Iliad, XX. 216-218:—Κτίσσε δὲ Δαρδανίην· ἐπεὶ οὔπω Ἴλιος ἱρὴἘν πεδίῳ πεπόλιστο, πόλις μερόπων ἀνθρώπων,Ἀλλ’ ἔθ’ ὑπωρείας ᾤκεον πολυπίδακος Ἴδης.“By Dardanus, of cloud-compelling JoveBegotten, was Dardania peopled first,Ere sacred Ilion, populous city of men,Was founded on the plain; as yet they dweltOn spring-abounding Ida’s lowest spurs.”[128]SeePlate XXII., No. 327.[129]Essays, II. 324.[130]Herabkunft des Feuers, p. 59.[131]See, for example,Iliad, XI. 633-635,Odyssey, XV. 116, 446.[132]Dr. Schliemann found afterwards that these fragments did not belong to double cups. (See Chap. XXII., p. 313, and ‘Introduction,’ p. 15.)[133]As the device on a seal may be presumed to be significant, and as patterns strikingly similar to this occur on some of the whorls (e.g.onPlate XLIV., No. 461), we have a strong argument for the significance of the latter class of devices.—[Ed.][134]SeePlate XXII., No. 321.[135]That is, belonging to the lowest stratum.[136]Chapter VII., p. 121.[137]See No. 380, onPlate XXIX.[138]See No. 383, onPlate XXX.[139]Plate XXIX., No. 379. The front bears 4 卐; on the back are the emblems described, which are shown separately in detail, and of which M. Burnouf gives an elaborate description. (SeeList of Illustrations.)[140]Plate XXVIII., No. 377; comparePlate XXVII., No. 367.[141]SeePlate XXII., No. 328; thedepth(14M.) deserves special notice. Thewheel-shape, which is characteristic of the whorls in the lowest stratum, is seen at No. 314,Plate XXI.[142]Chapter IV., p. 84. SeePlate XXII., No. 326, from the Atlas of Photographs, andPlate XLVIII., No. 482, from M. Burnouf’s drawings.[143]Plate XXX., No. 383.[144]Page 83, andPlate LI., No. 496. This is one of the inscriptions examined by Professor Gomperz. (See Appendix.)[145]See Cut, No. 81, andPlate XXVII., No. 369. The latter is an inscription, which Professor Gomperz has discussed. (See Appendix.)[146]Iliad, VI. 168-170:—Πέμπε δέ μιν Λυκίηνδε, πόρεν δ’ ὅ γε σήματα λυγρά,Γράψας ἐν πίνακι πτυκτῷ θυμοφθόρα πολλά,Δεῖξαι δ’ ἠνώγειν ᾧ πενθερῷ ὄφρ’ ἀπόλοιτο.“But to the father of his wife, the KingOf Lycia, sent him forth, with tokens chargedOf dire import, on folded tablets traced,Which, to the monarch shown, might work his death.”[147]Chapter IV., seep. 83-84. Though not Phœnician, these are Cyprian letters, and they have been discussed by Professor Gomperz, who found in this very whorl hisexperimentum crucis. (See Appendix.)[148]Chapter IV., p. 87.[149]Some examples of these jars, still more interesting on account of the great depth at which they were found, are seen inPlate XI., p. 290.[150]Chapter VIII.[151]For a further description and discussion of this splendid relief, see the Introduction, seep. 32-34. An acute critic has suggested to us that the metopé is a sculpture of the best age of Greek art, before or about the time of Alexander, inserted in a Doric frieze of late debased work, as is proved by the difference of styles, and by the evident fact that the metopé was originally too large for the space between the triglyphs. The temple to which it belonged, in Dr. Schliemann’s final opinion, was a temple of Apollo, which he discovered later (comp. Chap. XIV., p. 223, and Chap. XVII., p. 257).—[Ed.][152]Iliad, VI. 302-304:—Ἡ δ’ ἄρα πέπλον ἑλοῦσα Θεανὼ καλλιπάρῃοςΘῆκεν Ἀθηναίης ἐπὶ γούνασιν ἠϋκόμοιο,Εὐχομένη δ’ ἠρᾶτο Διὸς κούρῃ μεγάλοιο.“But fair Theano took the robe and placedOn Pallas’ knees, and to the heavenly maid,Daughter of Jove, she thus addressed her prayer.”[153]The reader should bear in mind that Dr. Schliemann finally came back to this opinion. It is not “secondthoughts” (say the authors of ‘Guesses at Truth'), butfirstandthirdthoughts, that are “best.”—[Ed.][154]Compare the sections shown onPlate XXI.[155]See No. 14, onpage 36.[156]At the end of the volume, seep. 359,360.[157]Dr. Schliemann afterwards pronounced these “wedges” to be battle-axes. See Introduction, p. 21.[158]Here, as well as in what goes before, Dr. Schliemann writes on the supposition, which he afterwards abandoned, that the remains in the lowest stratum are those of the Trojans of the Iliad.—[Ed.][159]We believe that naturalists are now agreed that such appearances of toads imprisoned for long periods are deceptive. Into what depths cannot a tadpole (whether literal or metaphorical) wriggle himself down?—[Ed.][160]This description itself suggests an inversion of the so-called “cup,” which is, in fact, a vase-cover. For its form see No. 74, on p. 115.—[Ed.][161]SeePlate XXIII., No. 339;Plate XLVII., No. 478.[162]According to Dr. Schliemann’s later view these “successors to the Trojans” were, as we have seen, the Trojans themselves.—[Ed.][163]The drawing,Plate XLVII., No. 480, shows the sign 20 times in 5 groups of 4 each. This seems to be a similar type to the one described, but from a lesser depth.—{Ed.}[164]The inscription, which Professor Gomperz has pointed out, is identical with that on Pl. LI., No. 496. (See seep. 83-84and Appendix.)—[Ed.][165]The types here described will be found on the Lithographs.[166]Similar jewels are depicted among the articles of the Treasure (Chapter XXIII.,Plate XX.).[167]Chapter IX., seep. 132-3.[168]SeePlate LI., No. 493. M. Burnouf’s drawings, from which our engraving is taken, seem to differ from Dr. Schliemann’s description in a few of the minuter details.—[Ed.][169]OnPlate I., No. 491, this ball is represented from M. Burnouf’s drawings, showing six different faces.[170]See No. 5, p. 24.—[Ed.] Perhaps they were used to polish the terra-cotta vases.[171]See No. 13, p. 35.[172]Compare these with Cut No. 74 on p. 115.[173]SeePlate XLVIII., No. 484.[174]We do not feel it right to spoil the unity of the following disquisition by striking out the few repetitions of arguments urged in other parts of the work.—[Ed.][175]Strabo, XIII. i. p. 103; Lycophron,Cassandra, 1208. See further, on the Simoïs, Note A, p. 358.[176]Odyssey, XXIV. 80-81:Ἀμφ’ αὐτοῖσι δ’ ἔπειτα μέγαν καὶ ἀμύμονα τύμβονΧεύαμεν Ἀργείων ἱερὸς στρατὸς αἰχμητάων,Ἀκτῇ ἐπὶ προυχούσῃ, ἐπὶ πλατεῖ Ἑλλησπόντῳ,Ὥς κεν τηλεφανὴς ἐκ ποντόφιν ἀνδράσιν εἴηΤοῖς, οἳ νῦν γεγάασι, καὶ οἳ μετόπισθεν ἔσονται.“We the holy army of the spear-throwing Argives, then raised round these (bones) a great and honourable tomb on the projecting shore of the broad Hellespont, so that it might be seen from the sea by the men who are now born and who shall be hereafter.”—Dr. Schliemann’s translation.[177]Strabo, XIII. 1.[178]Plutarch, ‘Life of Alexander the Great'; Cicero, pro Archia, 10; Ælian,V. H., 12, 7.[179]Dio Cassius, LXXVII.[180]Iliad, XX. 215-218.[181]Herodotus, I. 27;Iliad, III. 189-190; Strabo, XIII. 3.[182]But see further on this point,Chapter XI.,pp. 197-8.—[Ed.][183]Iliad, XX. 307-308, quoted in the Introduction, p. 19.[184]See the Plates of Whorls, Nos. 350, 351, 352, 356, 357, 359, &c.[185]Plate XXVI., No. 362. M. Burnouf calls these “the 6 bi-monthly sacrifices.”[186]Plate XXXIII., No. 402.[187]Plate XXXIV., No. 403.[188]Plate XXII., No. 320.[189]See the Sections onPlate XXI.[190]In the ball here depicted there is no mistaking the significance of the line of 卐, the symbols of fire, as denoting the torrid zone. The three dots are, according to M. Burnouf, the symbol of royal majesty therein residing. The two rows of dots parallel to the torrid zone may possibly represent the inhabited regions of the temperate zones, according to the oriental theory followed by Plato.—[Ed.][191]See the qualification of this statement on p. 40.[192]In the Atlas, Dr. Schliemann describes this and another such as Trojan lamps, but adds that they may be only vase covers.[193]The one meant seems to be that engraved on p. 115 (No. 74).[194]See Cut, No. 149, p. 199.[195]See Cut, No. 1, p. 15.[196]Iliad, XXII. 145-156:—Οἱ δὲ παρὰ σκοπιὴν καὶ ἐρινεὸν ἠνεμόενταΤείχεος αἰὲν ὑπὲκ κατ’ ἀμαξιτὸν ἐσσεύοντο,Κρουνὼ δ’ ἵκανον καλλιρρόω, ἔνθα τε πηγαὶΔοιαὶ ἀναΐσσουσι Σκαμάνδρου δινήεντος.Ἡ μὲν γάρ θ’ ὕδατι λιαρῷ ῥέει, ἀμφὶ δὲ καπνὸςΓίγνεται ἐξ αὐτῆς ὡς εἰ πυρὸς αἰθομένοιο·Ἡ δ’ ἑτέρη θέρεϊ προρέει ἐϊκυῖα χαλάζῃἪ χιόνι ψυχρῇ ἢ ἐξ ὕδατος κρυστάλλῳ.Ἔνθα δ’ ἐπ’ αὐτάων πλυνοὶ εὐρέες ἐγγὺς ἔασινΚαλοὶ λαΐνεοι, ὅθι εἵματα σιγαλόενταΠλύνεσκον Τρώων ἄλοχοι καλαί τε θύγατρεςΤὸ πρὶν ἐπ’ εἰρήνης, πρὶν ἐλθεῖν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν.“They” (Hector and Achilles, in flight and pursuit)“They by the watch-tower, and beneath the wallWhere stood the wind-beat fig-tree, raced amainAlong the public road, until they reachedThe fairly-flowing founts, whence issued forth,From double source, Scamander’s eddying streams.One with hot current flows, and from beneath,As from a furnace, clouds of steam arise;‘Mid Summer’s heat the other rises coldAs hail, or snow, or water crystallized;Beside the fountains stood the washing-troughsOf well-wrought stone, where erst the wives of TroyAnd daughters fair their choicest garments washed,In peaceful times, ere came the sons of Greece.”[197]SeeIliad, II. 811-815, quoted above, p. 179.[198]Chapter II., p. 69.[199]SeePlan II.[200]Iliad, VII. 452-453.[201]The Tower is marked No. 4, and is also named, onPlan II.[202]This opinion was changed afterwards. SeeChapter XXII., p. 318.—[Ed.][203]Iliad, VI. 386, 387:—Ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ πύργον ἔβη μέγαν Ἰλίου, οὕνεκ’ ἄκουσενΤείρεσθαι Τρῶας, μέγα δὲ κράτος εἶναι Ἀχαιῶν.“But to the height of Ilion’s topmost towerAndromache is gone; since tidings cameThe Trojan force was overmatched, and greatThe Grecian strength.”[204]Similar rings are shown among the articles of the Treasure (Chapter XXIII.,Plate XX).[205]Others, even more interesting, were found later (Chapter XX., seep. 279-80).[206]This last name was afterwards recalled by Dr. Schliemann, and that of “Ilium” or “Troy” confined to the Hill of Hissarlik. SeeChapter XXIII., p. 343; and Introduction, p. 18.[207]Respecting these steps, which are marked No. 6, onPlan II., and c onPlan III., p. 306, see further inChapter XXII., p. 318, where the idea of an upper storey is rejected.—[Ed.][208]The cut represents a vase of this type, with the upper part joined on by Dr. Schliemann, who remarks that it is doubtful whether the owl’s face belongs to this vase, as the Ilian goddess is in no other case represented on vases without the breasts and abdomen. (Description in the Atlas of Photographs.)[209]SeePlate XXI., No. 309.[210]According to Mr. Gladstone’s theory, these masses of masonry, and the tradition ascribing them to Poseidon and Apollo, are signs of Phœnician influence.—[Ed.][211]This statement is hardly accurate. The greatest depth ofdébrisdiscovered by the officers of the Palestine Exploration Fund at Jerusalem was not in the valleys, but on the Eastern slope of Mount Moriah. The accumulation reached from the foot of the wall down the slope to the bed of the Kedron, and beyond it some distance up the slope of the Mount of Olives. The usual depth at the wall was 60 or 70 feet, but at the north end it reached as much as 120, owing to the descent of the original ground at that spot. The masons’ marks on the lowest courses of the stones, reached by sinking shafts through these great depths, seemed to show a date nearer that of Solomon than of Titus.—[Ed.][212]We leave this, like other such passages, as landmarks of the rapid progress made in the discoveries opened up by Dr. Schliemann.—[Ed.][213]Iliad, VII. 83 and IV. 508.; seep. 145-6,257.
[109]See an illustration toChapter X. for similar ivories, still more interesting, from their greater depth, than those mentioned in the text, which are very imperfectly shown on the original photograph.
[109]See an illustration toChapter X. for similar ivories, still more interesting, from their greater depth, than those mentioned in the text, which are very imperfectly shown on the original photograph.
[110]See the Plate of Idols, p. 36.
[110]See the Plate of Idols, p. 36.
[111]See Cut, No. 13, p. 35.
[111]See Cut, No. 13, p. 35.
[112]Dr. Schliemann is here speaking of the “cups” which he afterwards decided to becovers, which of course represent only thehead, thebodybeing on the vase.—[Ed.]
[112]Dr. Schliemann is here speaking of the “cups” which he afterwards decided to becovers, which of course represent only thehead, thebodybeing on the vase.—[Ed.]
[113]See Cut, No. 54, p. 86.
[113]See Cut, No. 54, p. 86.
[114]Ithaque, le Péloponnèse et Troie.Dr. Schliemann’s subsequent change of opinion on this point is explained in subsequent chapters, and in the Introduction.
[114]Ithaque, le Péloponnèse et Troie.Dr. Schliemann’s subsequent change of opinion on this point is explained in subsequent chapters, and in the Introduction.
[115]The various types of whorls spoken of here and throughout the work are delineated in the lithographic Plates at the end of the volume, and are described in theList of Illustrations.
[115]The various types of whorls spoken of here and throughout the work are delineated in the lithographic Plates at the end of the volume, and are described in theList of Illustrations.
[116]These “rising suns” are the arcs with their ends resting on the circumference of the whorl, as in Nos. 321-28, and many others on the Plates. M. Burnouf describes them as “stations of the sun.”
[116]These “rising suns” are the arcs with their ends resting on the circumference of the whorl, as in Nos. 321-28, and many others on the Plates. M. Burnouf describes them as “stations of the sun.”
[117]For the type of whorls with “sôma-trees” or “trees of life” (four, or more, or fewer), see Nos. 398, 400, 401, 404, &c. In No. 410 the four trees form a cross.
[117]For the type of whorls with “sôma-trees” or “trees of life” (four, or more, or fewer), see Nos. 398, 400, 401, 404, &c. In No. 410 the four trees form a cross.
[118]Plate LII., No. 498.
[118]Plate LII., No. 498.
[119]This falcon seems to be represented by rude two-legged figures on some of the whorls:—e. g.onPlate XLV., No. 468 (comp. p. 135).
[119]This falcon seems to be represented by rude two-legged figures on some of the whorls:—e. g.onPlate XLV., No. 468 (comp. p. 135).
[120]Abhandlungen der K. bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1846, S. 127.
[120]Abhandlungen der K. bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1846, S. 127.
[121]A. Kuhn, ‘Herabkunft des Feuers.'
[121]A. Kuhn, ‘Herabkunft des Feuers.'
[122]Geschichte der Kunst.
[122]Geschichte der Kunst.
[123]See the cut No. 75 and also onPlate XXX., No. 382. M. Burnouf describes the animal to the right as ahare, the symbol of the Moon, and the other two as theantelopes, which denote the prevailing of the two halves of the month (quinzaines).
[123]See the cut No. 75 and also onPlate XXX., No. 382. M. Burnouf describes the animal to the right as ahare, the symbol of the Moon, and the other two as theantelopes, which denote the prevailing of the two halves of the month (quinzaines).
[124]SeePlate XXXV., No. 414. The same symbol is seen on several other examples.
[124]SeePlate XXXV., No. 414. The same symbol is seen on several other examples.
[125]Iliad, XIV. 346-351. An English writer ought surely to use our old-fashioned formJove, which is also even philologically preferable as the stem common to Ζεύς andJu-piter (Διο = Ζεϝ =Jov), rather than the somewhat pedantically sounding Ζεύς.—[Ed.]
[125]Iliad, XIV. 346-351. An English writer ought surely to use our old-fashioned formJove, which is also even philologically preferable as the stem common to Ζεύς andJu-piter (Διο = Ζεϝ =Jov), rather than the somewhat pedantically sounding Ζεύς.—[Ed.]
[126]Essays, II. 93.
[126]Essays, II. 93.
[127]Iliad, XX. 216-218:—Κτίσσε δὲ Δαρδανίην· ἐπεὶ οὔπω Ἴλιος ἱρὴἘν πεδίῳ πεπόλιστο, πόλις μερόπων ἀνθρώπων,Ἀλλ’ ἔθ’ ὑπωρείας ᾤκεον πολυπίδακος Ἴδης.“By Dardanus, of cloud-compelling JoveBegotten, was Dardania peopled first,Ere sacred Ilion, populous city of men,Was founded on the plain; as yet they dweltOn spring-abounding Ida’s lowest spurs.”
[127]Iliad, XX. 216-218:—
Κτίσσε δὲ Δαρδανίην· ἐπεὶ οὔπω Ἴλιος ἱρὴἘν πεδίῳ πεπόλιστο, πόλις μερόπων ἀνθρώπων,Ἀλλ’ ἔθ’ ὑπωρείας ᾤκεον πολυπίδακος Ἴδης.“By Dardanus, of cloud-compelling JoveBegotten, was Dardania peopled first,Ere sacred Ilion, populous city of men,Was founded on the plain; as yet they dweltOn spring-abounding Ida’s lowest spurs.”
Κτίσσε δὲ Δαρδανίην· ἐπεὶ οὔπω Ἴλιος ἱρὴἘν πεδίῳ πεπόλιστο, πόλις μερόπων ἀνθρώπων,Ἀλλ’ ἔθ’ ὑπωρείας ᾤκεον πολυπίδακος Ἴδης.“By Dardanus, of cloud-compelling JoveBegotten, was Dardania peopled first,Ere sacred Ilion, populous city of men,Was founded on the plain; as yet they dweltOn spring-abounding Ida’s lowest spurs.”
Κτίσσε δὲ Δαρδανίην· ἐπεὶ οὔπω Ἴλιος ἱρὴἘν πεδίῳ πεπόλιστο, πόλις μερόπων ἀνθρώπων,Ἀλλ’ ἔθ’ ὑπωρείας ᾤκεον πολυπίδακος Ἴδης.“By Dardanus, of cloud-compelling JoveBegotten, was Dardania peopled first,Ere sacred Ilion, populous city of men,Was founded on the plain; as yet they dweltOn spring-abounding Ida’s lowest spurs.”
[128]SeePlate XXII., No. 327.
[128]SeePlate XXII., No. 327.
[129]Essays, II. 324.
[129]Essays, II. 324.
[130]Herabkunft des Feuers, p. 59.
[130]Herabkunft des Feuers, p. 59.
[131]See, for example,Iliad, XI. 633-635,Odyssey, XV. 116, 446.
[131]See, for example,Iliad, XI. 633-635,Odyssey, XV. 116, 446.
[132]Dr. Schliemann found afterwards that these fragments did not belong to double cups. (See Chap. XXII., p. 313, and ‘Introduction,’ p. 15.)
[132]Dr. Schliemann found afterwards that these fragments did not belong to double cups. (See Chap. XXII., p. 313, and ‘Introduction,’ p. 15.)
[133]As the device on a seal may be presumed to be significant, and as patterns strikingly similar to this occur on some of the whorls (e.g.onPlate XLIV., No. 461), we have a strong argument for the significance of the latter class of devices.—[Ed.]
[133]As the device on a seal may be presumed to be significant, and as patterns strikingly similar to this occur on some of the whorls (e.g.onPlate XLIV., No. 461), we have a strong argument for the significance of the latter class of devices.—[Ed.]
[134]SeePlate XXII., No. 321.
[134]SeePlate XXII., No. 321.
[135]That is, belonging to the lowest stratum.
[135]That is, belonging to the lowest stratum.
[136]Chapter VII., p. 121.
[136]Chapter VII., p. 121.
[137]See No. 380, onPlate XXIX.
[137]See No. 380, onPlate XXIX.
[138]See No. 383, onPlate XXX.
[138]See No. 383, onPlate XXX.
[139]Plate XXIX., No. 379. The front bears 4 卐; on the back are the emblems described, which are shown separately in detail, and of which M. Burnouf gives an elaborate description. (SeeList of Illustrations.)
[139]Plate XXIX., No. 379. The front bears 4 卐; on the back are the emblems described, which are shown separately in detail, and of which M. Burnouf gives an elaborate description. (SeeList of Illustrations.)
[140]Plate XXVIII., No. 377; comparePlate XXVII., No. 367.
[140]Plate XXVIII., No. 377; comparePlate XXVII., No. 367.
[141]SeePlate XXII., No. 328; thedepth(14M.) deserves special notice. Thewheel-shape, which is characteristic of the whorls in the lowest stratum, is seen at No. 314,Plate XXI.
[141]SeePlate XXII., No. 328; thedepth(14M.) deserves special notice. Thewheel-shape, which is characteristic of the whorls in the lowest stratum, is seen at No. 314,Plate XXI.
[142]Chapter IV., p. 84. SeePlate XXII., No. 326, from the Atlas of Photographs, andPlate XLVIII., No. 482, from M. Burnouf’s drawings.
[142]Chapter IV., p. 84. SeePlate XXII., No. 326, from the Atlas of Photographs, andPlate XLVIII., No. 482, from M. Burnouf’s drawings.
[143]Plate XXX., No. 383.
[143]Plate XXX., No. 383.
[144]Page 83, andPlate LI., No. 496. This is one of the inscriptions examined by Professor Gomperz. (See Appendix.)
[144]Page 83, andPlate LI., No. 496. This is one of the inscriptions examined by Professor Gomperz. (See Appendix.)
[145]See Cut, No. 81, andPlate XXVII., No. 369. The latter is an inscription, which Professor Gomperz has discussed. (See Appendix.)
[145]See Cut, No. 81, andPlate XXVII., No. 369. The latter is an inscription, which Professor Gomperz has discussed. (See Appendix.)
[146]Iliad, VI. 168-170:—Πέμπε δέ μιν Λυκίηνδε, πόρεν δ’ ὅ γε σήματα λυγρά,Γράψας ἐν πίνακι πτυκτῷ θυμοφθόρα πολλά,Δεῖξαι δ’ ἠνώγειν ᾧ πενθερῷ ὄφρ’ ἀπόλοιτο.“But to the father of his wife, the KingOf Lycia, sent him forth, with tokens chargedOf dire import, on folded tablets traced,Which, to the monarch shown, might work his death.”
[146]Iliad, VI. 168-170:—
Πέμπε δέ μιν Λυκίηνδε, πόρεν δ’ ὅ γε σήματα λυγρά,Γράψας ἐν πίνακι πτυκτῷ θυμοφθόρα πολλά,Δεῖξαι δ’ ἠνώγειν ᾧ πενθερῷ ὄφρ’ ἀπόλοιτο.“But to the father of his wife, the KingOf Lycia, sent him forth, with tokens chargedOf dire import, on folded tablets traced,Which, to the monarch shown, might work his death.”
Πέμπε δέ μιν Λυκίηνδε, πόρεν δ’ ὅ γε σήματα λυγρά,Γράψας ἐν πίνακι πτυκτῷ θυμοφθόρα πολλά,Δεῖξαι δ’ ἠνώγειν ᾧ πενθερῷ ὄφρ’ ἀπόλοιτο.“But to the father of his wife, the KingOf Lycia, sent him forth, with tokens chargedOf dire import, on folded tablets traced,Which, to the monarch shown, might work his death.”
Πέμπε δέ μιν Λυκίηνδε, πόρεν δ’ ὅ γε σήματα λυγρά,Γράψας ἐν πίνακι πτυκτῷ θυμοφθόρα πολλά,Δεῖξαι δ’ ἠνώγειν ᾧ πενθερῷ ὄφρ’ ἀπόλοιτο.“But to the father of his wife, the KingOf Lycia, sent him forth, with tokens chargedOf dire import, on folded tablets traced,Which, to the monarch shown, might work his death.”
[147]Chapter IV., seep. 83-84. Though not Phœnician, these are Cyprian letters, and they have been discussed by Professor Gomperz, who found in this very whorl hisexperimentum crucis. (See Appendix.)
[147]Chapter IV., seep. 83-84. Though not Phœnician, these are Cyprian letters, and they have been discussed by Professor Gomperz, who found in this very whorl hisexperimentum crucis. (See Appendix.)
[148]Chapter IV., p. 87.
[148]Chapter IV., p. 87.
[149]Some examples of these jars, still more interesting on account of the great depth at which they were found, are seen inPlate XI., p. 290.
[149]Some examples of these jars, still more interesting on account of the great depth at which they were found, are seen inPlate XI., p. 290.
[150]Chapter VIII.
[150]Chapter VIII.
[151]For a further description and discussion of this splendid relief, see the Introduction, seep. 32-34. An acute critic has suggested to us that the metopé is a sculpture of the best age of Greek art, before or about the time of Alexander, inserted in a Doric frieze of late debased work, as is proved by the difference of styles, and by the evident fact that the metopé was originally too large for the space between the triglyphs. The temple to which it belonged, in Dr. Schliemann’s final opinion, was a temple of Apollo, which he discovered later (comp. Chap. XIV., p. 223, and Chap. XVII., p. 257).—[Ed.]
[151]For a further description and discussion of this splendid relief, see the Introduction, seep. 32-34. An acute critic has suggested to us that the metopé is a sculpture of the best age of Greek art, before or about the time of Alexander, inserted in a Doric frieze of late debased work, as is proved by the difference of styles, and by the evident fact that the metopé was originally too large for the space between the triglyphs. The temple to which it belonged, in Dr. Schliemann’s final opinion, was a temple of Apollo, which he discovered later (comp. Chap. XIV., p. 223, and Chap. XVII., p. 257).—[Ed.]
[152]Iliad, VI. 302-304:—Ἡ δ’ ἄρα πέπλον ἑλοῦσα Θεανὼ καλλιπάρῃοςΘῆκεν Ἀθηναίης ἐπὶ γούνασιν ἠϋκόμοιο,Εὐχομένη δ’ ἠρᾶτο Διὸς κούρῃ μεγάλοιο.“But fair Theano took the robe and placedOn Pallas’ knees, and to the heavenly maid,Daughter of Jove, she thus addressed her prayer.”
[152]Iliad, VI. 302-304:—
Ἡ δ’ ἄρα πέπλον ἑλοῦσα Θεανὼ καλλιπάρῃοςΘῆκεν Ἀθηναίης ἐπὶ γούνασιν ἠϋκόμοιο,Εὐχομένη δ’ ἠρᾶτο Διὸς κούρῃ μεγάλοιο.“But fair Theano took the robe and placedOn Pallas’ knees, and to the heavenly maid,Daughter of Jove, she thus addressed her prayer.”
Ἡ δ’ ἄρα πέπλον ἑλοῦσα Θεανὼ καλλιπάρῃοςΘῆκεν Ἀθηναίης ἐπὶ γούνασιν ἠϋκόμοιο,Εὐχομένη δ’ ἠρᾶτο Διὸς κούρῃ μεγάλοιο.“But fair Theano took the robe and placedOn Pallas’ knees, and to the heavenly maid,Daughter of Jove, she thus addressed her prayer.”
Ἡ δ’ ἄρα πέπλον ἑλοῦσα Θεανὼ καλλιπάρῃοςΘῆκεν Ἀθηναίης ἐπὶ γούνασιν ἠϋκόμοιο,Εὐχομένη δ’ ἠρᾶτο Διὸς κούρῃ μεγάλοιο.“But fair Theano took the robe and placedOn Pallas’ knees, and to the heavenly maid,Daughter of Jove, she thus addressed her prayer.”
[153]The reader should bear in mind that Dr. Schliemann finally came back to this opinion. It is not “secondthoughts” (say the authors of ‘Guesses at Truth'), butfirstandthirdthoughts, that are “best.”—[Ed.]
[153]The reader should bear in mind that Dr. Schliemann finally came back to this opinion. It is not “secondthoughts” (say the authors of ‘Guesses at Truth'), butfirstandthirdthoughts, that are “best.”—[Ed.]
[154]Compare the sections shown onPlate XXI.
[154]Compare the sections shown onPlate XXI.
[155]See No. 14, onpage 36.
[155]See No. 14, onpage 36.
[156]At the end of the volume, seep. 359,360.
[156]At the end of the volume, seep. 359,360.
[157]Dr. Schliemann afterwards pronounced these “wedges” to be battle-axes. See Introduction, p. 21.
[157]Dr. Schliemann afterwards pronounced these “wedges” to be battle-axes. See Introduction, p. 21.
[158]Here, as well as in what goes before, Dr. Schliemann writes on the supposition, which he afterwards abandoned, that the remains in the lowest stratum are those of the Trojans of the Iliad.—[Ed.]
[158]Here, as well as in what goes before, Dr. Schliemann writes on the supposition, which he afterwards abandoned, that the remains in the lowest stratum are those of the Trojans of the Iliad.—[Ed.]
[159]We believe that naturalists are now agreed that such appearances of toads imprisoned for long periods are deceptive. Into what depths cannot a tadpole (whether literal or metaphorical) wriggle himself down?—[Ed.]
[159]We believe that naturalists are now agreed that such appearances of toads imprisoned for long periods are deceptive. Into what depths cannot a tadpole (whether literal or metaphorical) wriggle himself down?—[Ed.]
[160]This description itself suggests an inversion of the so-called “cup,” which is, in fact, a vase-cover. For its form see No. 74, on p. 115.—[Ed.]
[160]This description itself suggests an inversion of the so-called “cup,” which is, in fact, a vase-cover. For its form see No. 74, on p. 115.—[Ed.]
[161]SeePlate XXIII., No. 339;Plate XLVII., No. 478.
[161]SeePlate XXIII., No. 339;Plate XLVII., No. 478.
[162]According to Dr. Schliemann’s later view these “successors to the Trojans” were, as we have seen, the Trojans themselves.—[Ed.]
[162]According to Dr. Schliemann’s later view these “successors to the Trojans” were, as we have seen, the Trojans themselves.—[Ed.]
[163]The drawing,Plate XLVII., No. 480, shows the sign 20 times in 5 groups of 4 each. This seems to be a similar type to the one described, but from a lesser depth.—{Ed.}
[163]The drawing,Plate XLVII., No. 480, shows the sign 20 times in 5 groups of 4 each. This seems to be a similar type to the one described, but from a lesser depth.—{Ed.}
[164]The inscription, which Professor Gomperz has pointed out, is identical with that on Pl. LI., No. 496. (See seep. 83-84and Appendix.)—[Ed.]
[164]The inscription, which Professor Gomperz has pointed out, is identical with that on Pl. LI., No. 496. (See seep. 83-84and Appendix.)—[Ed.]
[165]The types here described will be found on the Lithographs.
[165]The types here described will be found on the Lithographs.
[166]Similar jewels are depicted among the articles of the Treasure (Chapter XXIII.,Plate XX.).
[166]Similar jewels are depicted among the articles of the Treasure (Chapter XXIII.,Plate XX.).
[167]Chapter IX., seep. 132-3.
[167]Chapter IX., seep. 132-3.
[168]SeePlate LI., No. 493. M. Burnouf’s drawings, from which our engraving is taken, seem to differ from Dr. Schliemann’s description in a few of the minuter details.—[Ed.]
[168]SeePlate LI., No. 493. M. Burnouf’s drawings, from which our engraving is taken, seem to differ from Dr. Schliemann’s description in a few of the minuter details.—[Ed.]
[169]OnPlate I., No. 491, this ball is represented from M. Burnouf’s drawings, showing six different faces.
[169]OnPlate I., No. 491, this ball is represented from M. Burnouf’s drawings, showing six different faces.
[170]See No. 5, p. 24.—[Ed.] Perhaps they were used to polish the terra-cotta vases.
[170]See No. 5, p. 24.—[Ed.] Perhaps they were used to polish the terra-cotta vases.
[171]See No. 13, p. 35.
[171]See No. 13, p. 35.
[172]Compare these with Cut No. 74 on p. 115.
[172]Compare these with Cut No. 74 on p. 115.
[173]SeePlate XLVIII., No. 484.
[173]SeePlate XLVIII., No. 484.
[174]We do not feel it right to spoil the unity of the following disquisition by striking out the few repetitions of arguments urged in other parts of the work.—[Ed.]
[174]We do not feel it right to spoil the unity of the following disquisition by striking out the few repetitions of arguments urged in other parts of the work.—[Ed.]
[175]Strabo, XIII. i. p. 103; Lycophron,Cassandra, 1208. See further, on the Simoïs, Note A, p. 358.
[175]Strabo, XIII. i. p. 103; Lycophron,Cassandra, 1208. See further, on the Simoïs, Note A, p. 358.
[176]Odyssey, XXIV. 80-81:Ἀμφ’ αὐτοῖσι δ’ ἔπειτα μέγαν καὶ ἀμύμονα τύμβονΧεύαμεν Ἀργείων ἱερὸς στρατὸς αἰχμητάων,Ἀκτῇ ἐπὶ προυχούσῃ, ἐπὶ πλατεῖ Ἑλλησπόντῳ,Ὥς κεν τηλεφανὴς ἐκ ποντόφιν ἀνδράσιν εἴηΤοῖς, οἳ νῦν γεγάασι, καὶ οἳ μετόπισθεν ἔσονται.“We the holy army of the spear-throwing Argives, then raised round these (bones) a great and honourable tomb on the projecting shore of the broad Hellespont, so that it might be seen from the sea by the men who are now born and who shall be hereafter.”—Dr. Schliemann’s translation.
[176]Odyssey, XXIV. 80-81:
Ἀμφ’ αὐτοῖσι δ’ ἔπειτα μέγαν καὶ ἀμύμονα τύμβονΧεύαμεν Ἀργείων ἱερὸς στρατὸς αἰχμητάων,Ἀκτῇ ἐπὶ προυχούσῃ, ἐπὶ πλατεῖ Ἑλλησπόντῳ,Ὥς κεν τηλεφανὴς ἐκ ποντόφιν ἀνδράσιν εἴηΤοῖς, οἳ νῦν γεγάασι, καὶ οἳ μετόπισθεν ἔσονται.
Ἀμφ’ αὐτοῖσι δ’ ἔπειτα μέγαν καὶ ἀμύμονα τύμβονΧεύαμεν Ἀργείων ἱερὸς στρατὸς αἰχμητάων,Ἀκτῇ ἐπὶ προυχούσῃ, ἐπὶ πλατεῖ Ἑλλησπόντῳ,Ὥς κεν τηλεφανὴς ἐκ ποντόφιν ἀνδράσιν εἴηΤοῖς, οἳ νῦν γεγάασι, καὶ οἳ μετόπισθεν ἔσονται.
Ἀμφ’ αὐτοῖσι δ’ ἔπειτα μέγαν καὶ ἀμύμονα τύμβονΧεύαμεν Ἀργείων ἱερὸς στρατὸς αἰχμητάων,Ἀκτῇ ἐπὶ προυχούσῃ, ἐπὶ πλατεῖ Ἑλλησπόντῳ,Ὥς κεν τηλεφανὴς ἐκ ποντόφιν ἀνδράσιν εἴηΤοῖς, οἳ νῦν γεγάασι, καὶ οἳ μετόπισθεν ἔσονται.
“We the holy army of the spear-throwing Argives, then raised round these (bones) a great and honourable tomb on the projecting shore of the broad Hellespont, so that it might be seen from the sea by the men who are now born and who shall be hereafter.”—Dr. Schliemann’s translation.
[177]Strabo, XIII. 1.
[177]Strabo, XIII. 1.
[178]Plutarch, ‘Life of Alexander the Great'; Cicero, pro Archia, 10; Ælian,V. H., 12, 7.
[178]Plutarch, ‘Life of Alexander the Great'; Cicero, pro Archia, 10; Ælian,V. H., 12, 7.
[179]Dio Cassius, LXXVII.
[179]Dio Cassius, LXXVII.
[180]Iliad, XX. 215-218.
[180]Iliad, XX. 215-218.
[181]Herodotus, I. 27;Iliad, III. 189-190; Strabo, XIII. 3.
[181]Herodotus, I. 27;Iliad, III. 189-190; Strabo, XIII. 3.
[182]But see further on this point,Chapter XI.,pp. 197-8.—[Ed.]
[182]But see further on this point,Chapter XI.,pp. 197-8.—[Ed.]
[183]Iliad, XX. 307-308, quoted in the Introduction, p. 19.
[183]Iliad, XX. 307-308, quoted in the Introduction, p. 19.
[184]See the Plates of Whorls, Nos. 350, 351, 352, 356, 357, 359, &c.
[184]See the Plates of Whorls, Nos. 350, 351, 352, 356, 357, 359, &c.
[185]Plate XXVI., No. 362. M. Burnouf calls these “the 6 bi-monthly sacrifices.”
[185]Plate XXVI., No. 362. M. Burnouf calls these “the 6 bi-monthly sacrifices.”
[186]Plate XXXIII., No. 402.
[186]Plate XXXIII., No. 402.
[187]Plate XXXIV., No. 403.
[187]Plate XXXIV., No. 403.
[188]Plate XXII., No. 320.
[188]Plate XXII., No. 320.
[189]See the Sections onPlate XXI.
[189]See the Sections onPlate XXI.
[190]In the ball here depicted there is no mistaking the significance of the line of 卐, the symbols of fire, as denoting the torrid zone. The three dots are, according to M. Burnouf, the symbol of royal majesty therein residing. The two rows of dots parallel to the torrid zone may possibly represent the inhabited regions of the temperate zones, according to the oriental theory followed by Plato.—[Ed.]
[190]In the ball here depicted there is no mistaking the significance of the line of 卐, the symbols of fire, as denoting the torrid zone. The three dots are, according to M. Burnouf, the symbol of royal majesty therein residing. The two rows of dots parallel to the torrid zone may possibly represent the inhabited regions of the temperate zones, according to the oriental theory followed by Plato.—[Ed.]
[191]See the qualification of this statement on p. 40.
[191]See the qualification of this statement on p. 40.
[192]In the Atlas, Dr. Schliemann describes this and another such as Trojan lamps, but adds that they may be only vase covers.
[192]In the Atlas, Dr. Schliemann describes this and another such as Trojan lamps, but adds that they may be only vase covers.
[193]The one meant seems to be that engraved on p. 115 (No. 74).
[193]The one meant seems to be that engraved on p. 115 (No. 74).
[194]See Cut, No. 149, p. 199.
[194]See Cut, No. 149, p. 199.
[195]See Cut, No. 1, p. 15.
[195]See Cut, No. 1, p. 15.
[196]Iliad, XXII. 145-156:—Οἱ δὲ παρὰ σκοπιὴν καὶ ἐρινεὸν ἠνεμόενταΤείχεος αἰὲν ὑπὲκ κατ’ ἀμαξιτὸν ἐσσεύοντο,Κρουνὼ δ’ ἵκανον καλλιρρόω, ἔνθα τε πηγαὶΔοιαὶ ἀναΐσσουσι Σκαμάνδρου δινήεντος.Ἡ μὲν γάρ θ’ ὕδατι λιαρῷ ῥέει, ἀμφὶ δὲ καπνὸςΓίγνεται ἐξ αὐτῆς ὡς εἰ πυρὸς αἰθομένοιο·Ἡ δ’ ἑτέρη θέρεϊ προρέει ἐϊκυῖα χαλάζῃἪ χιόνι ψυχρῇ ἢ ἐξ ὕδατος κρυστάλλῳ.Ἔνθα δ’ ἐπ’ αὐτάων πλυνοὶ εὐρέες ἐγγὺς ἔασινΚαλοὶ λαΐνεοι, ὅθι εἵματα σιγαλόενταΠλύνεσκον Τρώων ἄλοχοι καλαί τε θύγατρεςΤὸ πρὶν ἐπ’ εἰρήνης, πρὶν ἐλθεῖν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν.“They” (Hector and Achilles, in flight and pursuit)“They by the watch-tower, and beneath the wallWhere stood the wind-beat fig-tree, raced amainAlong the public road, until they reachedThe fairly-flowing founts, whence issued forth,From double source, Scamander’s eddying streams.One with hot current flows, and from beneath,As from a furnace, clouds of steam arise;‘Mid Summer’s heat the other rises coldAs hail, or snow, or water crystallized;Beside the fountains stood the washing-troughsOf well-wrought stone, where erst the wives of TroyAnd daughters fair their choicest garments washed,In peaceful times, ere came the sons of Greece.”
[196]Iliad, XXII. 145-156:—
Οἱ δὲ παρὰ σκοπιὴν καὶ ἐρινεὸν ἠνεμόενταΤείχεος αἰὲν ὑπὲκ κατ’ ἀμαξιτὸν ἐσσεύοντο,Κρουνὼ δ’ ἵκανον καλλιρρόω, ἔνθα τε πηγαὶΔοιαὶ ἀναΐσσουσι Σκαμάνδρου δινήεντος.Ἡ μὲν γάρ θ’ ὕδατι λιαρῷ ῥέει, ἀμφὶ δὲ καπνὸςΓίγνεται ἐξ αὐτῆς ὡς εἰ πυρὸς αἰθομένοιο·Ἡ δ’ ἑτέρη θέρεϊ προρέει ἐϊκυῖα χαλάζῃἪ χιόνι ψυχρῇ ἢ ἐξ ὕδατος κρυστάλλῳ.Ἔνθα δ’ ἐπ’ αὐτάων πλυνοὶ εὐρέες ἐγγὺς ἔασινΚαλοὶ λαΐνεοι, ὅθι εἵματα σιγαλόενταΠλύνεσκον Τρώων ἄλοχοι καλαί τε θύγατρεςΤὸ πρὶν ἐπ’ εἰρήνης, πρὶν ἐλθεῖν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν.“They” (Hector and Achilles, in flight and pursuit)“They by the watch-tower, and beneath the wallWhere stood the wind-beat fig-tree, raced amainAlong the public road, until they reachedThe fairly-flowing founts, whence issued forth,From double source, Scamander’s eddying streams.One with hot current flows, and from beneath,As from a furnace, clouds of steam arise;‘Mid Summer’s heat the other rises coldAs hail, or snow, or water crystallized;Beside the fountains stood the washing-troughsOf well-wrought stone, where erst the wives of TroyAnd daughters fair their choicest garments washed,In peaceful times, ere came the sons of Greece.”
Οἱ δὲ παρὰ σκοπιὴν καὶ ἐρινεὸν ἠνεμόενταΤείχεος αἰὲν ὑπὲκ κατ’ ἀμαξιτὸν ἐσσεύοντο,Κρουνὼ δ’ ἵκανον καλλιρρόω, ἔνθα τε πηγαὶΔοιαὶ ἀναΐσσουσι Σκαμάνδρου δινήεντος.Ἡ μὲν γάρ θ’ ὕδατι λιαρῷ ῥέει, ἀμφὶ δὲ καπνὸςΓίγνεται ἐξ αὐτῆς ὡς εἰ πυρὸς αἰθομένοιο·Ἡ δ’ ἑτέρη θέρεϊ προρέει ἐϊκυῖα χαλάζῃἪ χιόνι ψυχρῇ ἢ ἐξ ὕδατος κρυστάλλῳ.Ἔνθα δ’ ἐπ’ αὐτάων πλυνοὶ εὐρέες ἐγγὺς ἔασινΚαλοὶ λαΐνεοι, ὅθι εἵματα σιγαλόενταΠλύνεσκον Τρώων ἄλοχοι καλαί τε θύγατρεςΤὸ πρὶν ἐπ’ εἰρήνης, πρὶν ἐλθεῖν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν.“They” (Hector and Achilles, in flight and pursuit)“They by the watch-tower, and beneath the wallWhere stood the wind-beat fig-tree, raced amainAlong the public road, until they reachedThe fairly-flowing founts, whence issued forth,From double source, Scamander’s eddying streams.One with hot current flows, and from beneath,As from a furnace, clouds of steam arise;‘Mid Summer’s heat the other rises coldAs hail, or snow, or water crystallized;Beside the fountains stood the washing-troughsOf well-wrought stone, where erst the wives of TroyAnd daughters fair their choicest garments washed,In peaceful times, ere came the sons of Greece.”
Οἱ δὲ παρὰ σκοπιὴν καὶ ἐρινεὸν ἠνεμόενταΤείχεος αἰὲν ὑπὲκ κατ’ ἀμαξιτὸν ἐσσεύοντο,Κρουνὼ δ’ ἵκανον καλλιρρόω, ἔνθα τε πηγαὶΔοιαὶ ἀναΐσσουσι Σκαμάνδρου δινήεντος.Ἡ μὲν γάρ θ’ ὕδατι λιαρῷ ῥέει, ἀμφὶ δὲ καπνὸςΓίγνεται ἐξ αὐτῆς ὡς εἰ πυρὸς αἰθομένοιο·Ἡ δ’ ἑτέρη θέρεϊ προρέει ἐϊκυῖα χαλάζῃἪ χιόνι ψυχρῇ ἢ ἐξ ὕδατος κρυστάλλῳ.Ἔνθα δ’ ἐπ’ αὐτάων πλυνοὶ εὐρέες ἐγγὺς ἔασινΚαλοὶ λαΐνεοι, ὅθι εἵματα σιγαλόενταΠλύνεσκον Τρώων ἄλοχοι καλαί τε θύγατρεςΤὸ πρὶν ἐπ’ εἰρήνης, πρὶν ἐλθεῖν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν.“They” (Hector and Achilles, in flight and pursuit)“They by the watch-tower, and beneath the wallWhere stood the wind-beat fig-tree, raced amainAlong the public road, until they reachedThe fairly-flowing founts, whence issued forth,From double source, Scamander’s eddying streams.One with hot current flows, and from beneath,As from a furnace, clouds of steam arise;‘Mid Summer’s heat the other rises coldAs hail, or snow, or water crystallized;Beside the fountains stood the washing-troughsOf well-wrought stone, where erst the wives of TroyAnd daughters fair their choicest garments washed,In peaceful times, ere came the sons of Greece.”
[197]SeeIliad, II. 811-815, quoted above, p. 179.
[197]SeeIliad, II. 811-815, quoted above, p. 179.
[198]Chapter II., p. 69.
[198]Chapter II., p. 69.
[199]SeePlan II.
[199]SeePlan II.
[200]Iliad, VII. 452-453.
[200]Iliad, VII. 452-453.
[201]The Tower is marked No. 4, and is also named, onPlan II.
[201]The Tower is marked No. 4, and is also named, onPlan II.
[202]This opinion was changed afterwards. SeeChapter XXII., p. 318.—[Ed.]
[202]This opinion was changed afterwards. SeeChapter XXII., p. 318.—[Ed.]
[203]Iliad, VI. 386, 387:—Ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ πύργον ἔβη μέγαν Ἰλίου, οὕνεκ’ ἄκουσενΤείρεσθαι Τρῶας, μέγα δὲ κράτος εἶναι Ἀχαιῶν.“But to the height of Ilion’s topmost towerAndromache is gone; since tidings cameThe Trojan force was overmatched, and greatThe Grecian strength.”
[203]Iliad, VI. 386, 387:—
Ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ πύργον ἔβη μέγαν Ἰλίου, οὕνεκ’ ἄκουσενΤείρεσθαι Τρῶας, μέγα δὲ κράτος εἶναι Ἀχαιῶν.“But to the height of Ilion’s topmost towerAndromache is gone; since tidings cameThe Trojan force was overmatched, and greatThe Grecian strength.”
Ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ πύργον ἔβη μέγαν Ἰλίου, οὕνεκ’ ἄκουσενΤείρεσθαι Τρῶας, μέγα δὲ κράτος εἶναι Ἀχαιῶν.“But to the height of Ilion’s topmost towerAndromache is gone; since tidings cameThe Trojan force was overmatched, and greatThe Grecian strength.”
Ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ πύργον ἔβη μέγαν Ἰλίου, οὕνεκ’ ἄκουσενΤείρεσθαι Τρῶας, μέγα δὲ κράτος εἶναι Ἀχαιῶν.“But to the height of Ilion’s topmost towerAndromache is gone; since tidings cameThe Trojan force was overmatched, and greatThe Grecian strength.”
[204]Similar rings are shown among the articles of the Treasure (Chapter XXIII.,Plate XX).
[204]Similar rings are shown among the articles of the Treasure (Chapter XXIII.,Plate XX).
[205]Others, even more interesting, were found later (Chapter XX., seep. 279-80).
[205]Others, even more interesting, were found later (Chapter XX., seep. 279-80).
[206]This last name was afterwards recalled by Dr. Schliemann, and that of “Ilium” or “Troy” confined to the Hill of Hissarlik. SeeChapter XXIII., p. 343; and Introduction, p. 18.
[206]This last name was afterwards recalled by Dr. Schliemann, and that of “Ilium” or “Troy” confined to the Hill of Hissarlik. SeeChapter XXIII., p. 343; and Introduction, p. 18.
[207]Respecting these steps, which are marked No. 6, onPlan II., and c onPlan III., p. 306, see further inChapter XXII., p. 318, where the idea of an upper storey is rejected.—[Ed.]
[207]Respecting these steps, which are marked No. 6, onPlan II., and c onPlan III., p. 306, see further inChapter XXII., p. 318, where the idea of an upper storey is rejected.—[Ed.]
[208]The cut represents a vase of this type, with the upper part joined on by Dr. Schliemann, who remarks that it is doubtful whether the owl’s face belongs to this vase, as the Ilian goddess is in no other case represented on vases without the breasts and abdomen. (Description in the Atlas of Photographs.)
[208]The cut represents a vase of this type, with the upper part joined on by Dr. Schliemann, who remarks that it is doubtful whether the owl’s face belongs to this vase, as the Ilian goddess is in no other case represented on vases without the breasts and abdomen. (Description in the Atlas of Photographs.)
[209]SeePlate XXI., No. 309.
[209]SeePlate XXI., No. 309.
[210]According to Mr. Gladstone’s theory, these masses of masonry, and the tradition ascribing them to Poseidon and Apollo, are signs of Phœnician influence.—[Ed.]
[210]According to Mr. Gladstone’s theory, these masses of masonry, and the tradition ascribing them to Poseidon and Apollo, are signs of Phœnician influence.—[Ed.]
[211]This statement is hardly accurate. The greatest depth ofdébrisdiscovered by the officers of the Palestine Exploration Fund at Jerusalem was not in the valleys, but on the Eastern slope of Mount Moriah. The accumulation reached from the foot of the wall down the slope to the bed of the Kedron, and beyond it some distance up the slope of the Mount of Olives. The usual depth at the wall was 60 or 70 feet, but at the north end it reached as much as 120, owing to the descent of the original ground at that spot. The masons’ marks on the lowest courses of the stones, reached by sinking shafts through these great depths, seemed to show a date nearer that of Solomon than of Titus.—[Ed.]
[211]This statement is hardly accurate. The greatest depth ofdébrisdiscovered by the officers of the Palestine Exploration Fund at Jerusalem was not in the valleys, but on the Eastern slope of Mount Moriah. The accumulation reached from the foot of the wall down the slope to the bed of the Kedron, and beyond it some distance up the slope of the Mount of Olives. The usual depth at the wall was 60 or 70 feet, but at the north end it reached as much as 120, owing to the descent of the original ground at that spot. The masons’ marks on the lowest courses of the stones, reached by sinking shafts through these great depths, seemed to show a date nearer that of Solomon than of Titus.—[Ed.]
[212]We leave this, like other such passages, as landmarks of the rapid progress made in the discoveries opened up by Dr. Schliemann.—[Ed.]
[212]We leave this, like other such passages, as landmarks of the rapid progress made in the discoveries opened up by Dr. Schliemann.—[Ed.]
[213]Iliad, VII. 83 and IV. 508.; seep. 145-6,257.
[213]Iliad, VII. 83 and IV. 508.; seep. 145-6,257.