411;marismas of,88et seq.,114,190,265,408,409Guadiana River,185Guerra, Rafael, bull-fighter,198Gull,41,186,384;black-backed,107;British black-headed (L. ridibundus),391;Mediterranean black-headed (Larus melanocephalus),268,390-91slender-billed (Larus gelastes),268Gum-cistus (see alsoCistus),160,225,235Hare,226,238,328,330,331,334Hawfinch,61,362Hawk,333Hazel-grouse,4,29,298Heron,41,186,190,382buff-backed,385purple,267,388squacco,389Hobby,397Hoopoe,41,62,184,226,230,313,319,393Humming-bird hawk-moth,62Hunting dogs,159,164,328,340Hurdanos, the,5,234et seq.Ibex, Spanish (Capra hispánica),15,26,29,43,139-46,149,156,210,287,303et seq.,317,321-2,352, 360 andn.1,362;distribution of,142,303,305;habits of,144-6,152,153,360;heads,Table of,157;preservation of,139-42Ibex-hunting,216-24,304et seq.Ibis,41,382glossy,403Inns (posada),18,19et seq.Irrigation, neglect of,12,230Isabel I. (la Católica),194Isabella II.,323James I.,321Janda, Laguna de,375n.1Jay,164,362,411Jerez,347,392,401,403Kestrel,164,212,226,230,319,396lesser,355,395Kite,211,333,334,342,396red,397Kitty-wren,348Knot,42,63n.1,389Lagartijo, bull-fighter,197-8Laguna de Grédos,219,220La Mancha,183-91,409,410Lammergeyer,26-7,149,217-8,314-5,353,357,358-9,360,362,367,368Land-tortoise,343Lanjarón,306Lark,41,212,226,232Calandra,209crested,209,319short-toed,319sky-,312wood-,313,319,348,352,353n.1,367Las Hurdes,5,233et seq.Las Nuevas,99et seq.,280Lemming,210n.1León,5;Cortes de,6Lilford, Lord,265Linnet,319Lizard,333,334,355Blanus cinereus,393Locusts,226,227Lugar Nuevo,172Lynx,33,46,60,68,76-7,155,171,317,333,334,337et seq.,398Madoz, Pascual, on the Hurdanos, 239 andn.1,240,241Magpie,226,232,333,401,411Spanish azure-winged,29,164,184,209,225,226,411Mallard,186,188,190,326,327,384,389,392,409Manzanilla(camomile),111Maria, José, bandit,174,181Marisma, the,35-6,88et seq.,190;bird-life in,40-42,91et seq.,114et seq.,138n.1,265-71,376,381-91,408,409;plant-life in,89-90,115;wild camels on,36,40,275-82;wildfowl shooting in,95et seq.,105-13,115et seq.,371-75Marmot,210n.1Marsh-harrier,38,102,107,135,387,388,392,399Marsh-tern,384Marten,171,317,319Martin,355Mazzantini, Luis, bull-fighter,198-9Merida,229,230Mezquitillas,167,170,171Migration of wildfowl.SeeBird-migrationMissel-thrush,212,318“Miura question,”192,204-7Mole-cricket,392Monachil River,314,316,317,318,319valley,311Mongoose,163,171,333,334,337,339,341,344,364Montería,157,158et seq.,283,296Montes, Francisco, bull-fighter,197Moorish domination, traces of,7et seq.,37,232-3,295origin of bull-fight,8,193-4Moors, the,149,229Mosquito,62Mudéla, estate,335Mulahacen,312,315Mullet, grey,299Naranjo de Bulnes,291-2National characteristics,5,12et seq.,19types,4-5Navarre,6Neophron,319,366,368,395Nightingale,232,318,393Nightjar,41,396Nucléo central,140Nuthatch,223,232Oleander,160, 166 andn.1Orange, cultivation of,9Oriole,393golden,41,232Orphean warbler,393,396Ortolan,319Osprey,191Otter,337Ovis bidens,352-3Owl,396little,319white,230Paris, Comtes de,278-9Partridge,15,30,32,164,226,238,331,332-3,335-6,362,363,398grey,28,298redleg,15,29,184,319,328,329Peewit,267Pelayo,7Pelican, Danish,276Peñones, the,314,315Pepe-Illo, bull-fighter,196Peregrine falcon,135,317,398Perez, Gregorio,292,293Pernales, bandit,174et seq.Petroleum,347n.1Phillip II.,195Phillip III.,195,323Phillip IV.,37,195Phillip V.,195Pica mauretanica,401n.1Picos de Europa,142,144,283,285,292,302Pig,298,363Pilgrimages to Rocio,82et seq.“Pincushion” gorse,314,352Pine (Pinus pinaster),319,361Pinsapo pine (Abies pinsapo),349-52andnotes,360,362Pintail,94,97,101,110,111,186,188,326,408,409“Piorno” (Spartius scorpius),352Pipit, alpine,222tawny,319,353n.1,367Pius V., Pope,194Pizarro,231Plant-life in the marisma,89-90,115Plover, golden,63n.1,331grey,42,134,389Kentish,267,382Pochard,101,138n.1,186,188,324,327,384,410red-crested (Pato colorado),186,188,190,327,410white-eyed,138n.1,384Polyglotta warbler,393Pratincole,268, 382 andn.1Praying mantis,394Préjavalsky, Russian explorer,276Ptarmigan,4,29,298Pterostichus rutilans,314Puerta de Palomas,367-70Puntales del Peco,167Pyrenean musk-rat,29Pyrenees,28,29,298,302;ibex in,142,143-4Quail,29,328,330Rabbit,330,338,341Rail,39“Rare birds,”403,404Raven,209,222,309,319,366,395Reclamo(call-bird),328-9Redondo, José, bull-fighter,197Redshank,267,268,379Redstart,223Redwing,164,362Reed-climbers,39,61Ribbon-grass (canaliza),115Rice-grounds,322,323,324-5Ring-dotterel,390lesser,393Ring-ouzel,222,309,316,353n.1Ring-plover,238Riscos del Fraile,141,211,214,221Robin,232,318Rocio, shrine at, pilgrimages to,82et seq.Rock-bunting,313,319,348,367Rock-climbing,144Rock-sparrow,319,355Rock-thrush,222,313,318,353n.1,366,367,368blue,230,365Roderick, King of the Goths,7Roe-deer,165,229,298,353,363Roller,226,393Romans, the, in Spain,6,229,232Romero, Francisco, bull-fighter,195Romero, Pedro, bull-fighter,196Ronda,Caceria á la,80-1Rook,411Rota,299Rudolph, late Crown Prince of Austria,266Ruff,63n.1,134Rufous warbler,232,318,393Salmon,295-6San Cristobal,347,349,351,352,353Sanderling,390Sand-grouse,4,29,186,209,227,382,401;black-bellied,232Sand-hills and wild geese,125-32Sand-lizard, 62 andn.1Sand-piper,211,389curlew,42,389green,390,392Sardinian warbler,164,393Saunders, Howard,265,403Schastowskij, Mr. P. A.,404Sedge-warbler, great,387Serin,311,313,319,348,393Serpent-eagle,209,396Serranía de Ronda,2,267,347-59,360et seq.;flora of,348et seq.,360,361;ibex in,142Shad,299Shelduck,101,112,191,327,