Adams, Abigail,120,121.Adams, John, Minister to England,7;demands Western posts,17;on the adoption of the Constitution,41;elected Vice-President,48;on the President's address,50;re-elected Vice-President,67;candidate for the Presidency,92;elected President,93;his attitude toward France,96;appoints commissioners,96-97;urges preparations for war,98;sends X Y Z letters to Congress,98;appoints officers of army,101-02;at odds with Hamilton faction,103;resumes relations with France,103-04;his title to fame,104;pardons Fries,113;candidate for Presidency (1800),116;and federal judiciary,121-22;presidential elector (1820),280;on European entanglements,289-90;offers Chief Justiceship to Jay,331.Adams, John Quincy, and the practice of law,20;on the new Constitution,41;special envoy to England,87;secures amendment of Jay Treaty,88;defends the embargo,189;resigns from Senate,193;commissioner at Ghent,227-29;on Jackson's invasion of Florida,262;his reply to Spain,262-63;on recognition of South American Republics,290-91;challenges British claims on Pacific,292;on future of Cuba,292-93;protests Russian claims on the Pacific Coast,293;advises against joint declaration with England,295;candidate for the Presidency (1824),308;favors internal improvements,310;favors Tariff of 1824,312;his electoral vote (1824),312;wins Clay's following,313-14;elected President by the House,314;appoints Clay Secretary of State,315;his first message,318-19;and the civil service,318-19;on the Panama Congress,320,321;and the Creek Indians,324-26;and the Cherokee Indians,326-27.Adet, French Minister to United States, interferes in the election of 1800,92-93;on Jefferson as an American,290.Agriculture, American,126-27.Alabama, admitted as a State,251.Alien and Sedition Acts,109;petitions for the repeal of,112;expiration of,135.Allston, Washington,286.Ambrister, Robert C.,261-62.Amelia Island,entrepôtfor neutral trade,199;occupied by the United States,204;evacuated,219.American character, disclosed by the war,232-33.American Insurance Companyv.Canter,341-42.American literature, want of,283;from 1815 to 1830,284.Ames, Fisher, on the heads of departments,89-90;on the Republican opposition,108;on democracy,161-62.Annapolis Trade Convention,28.Anthology and Boston Review,283.Anti-Federalists, and the Constitution,39.Appointments, by Washington,54-55;by John Adams,122;by Jefferson,130-31;by John Q. Adams,318-19.Arbuthnot, Alexander,261-62.Army, at the establishment of Government,55;provisional, in 1798,101-03;at the beginning of the War of 1812,212;after the War of 1812,241.Articles of Confederation, proposed amendments to,6;inadequacy of,16-17,21-24,25-27.Assumption of state debts,58-61.Ballou, Hosea,288.Baltimore, and Western trade,254,256.Bancroft, George,287.Bank of the United States, opposed by Jefferson,62;advocated by Hamilton,63;charter of,63;speculation in the stock of,63-64;Congress refuses to recharter,239;charter of the second,239-40;management of,267;investigation of,267;popular hostility to,267-68;taxation of the branches of,268.Baptists, in New England,247;in the West,301-02.Barbour, James,271.Baumeler, Joseph,246,302.Bayard, James A., and the election of 1801,118-19;commissioner at Ghent,227.Benton, Thomas H., on the election of 1825,315-16.Berlin Decree, of Napoleon,187;its revocation,200.Bible Society of the United States,301.Bladensburg, battle of,222.Blennerhassett, Harman, and Burr,172-73,175-76.Blockade of American ports by British cruisers,181-82,201,218,233.Blount conspiracy,97.Bonus Bill, advocated by Calhoun,257;vetoed by Madison,257.Boone, Daniel,14.Boston, as an intellectual and literary center,287.Bowdoin, Governor James, and Shays' Rebellion,20-21;suggests convention of the States,27.Breckenridge, John,110.Brown, Jacob,220.Brown, Moses,124.Bryant, William Cullen,284.Burr, Aaron, candidate for the Vice-Presidency (1796),92;on politics in Connecticut,115;carries the city of New York (1800),115-16;elected Vice-President (1800),118;candidate for Governor of New York,165;approached by Federalists,165-66;his duel with Hamilton,166;his intrigues,172-73;his expedition,173-76;his arrest and trial,176-78.Cabot, George,164.Calhoun, John C., repudiates peaceable coercion,207;favors Tariff of 1816,237;his nationalism,241-42;on constitutional limitations,242;his Bonus Bill,257;Secretary of War,258;candidate for the Presidency,307;candidate for the Vice-Presidency,308;elected Vice-President,312;on the Tariff of 1828,328-29;elaborates his defense of state rights,345.Campbell, Alexander,288.Canada, proposed conquest of,203,213.Canals, constructed and projected, in 1825,255-56.Canning, George, and the Chesapeake affair,186;on the embargo,191;on British naval losses,216;on intervention,292;overtures to Rush,294;on the new doctrine of President Monroe,296.Capital, location of the national,60-61;removed from Philadelphia to Washington,119-21.Caucus,congressional(1800),116;(1804),167;(1808),193-94;(1812),216;(1816),243;hostility to,307,308;(1824),308.legislative,305.Channing, William E.,288.Chase, Samuel, impeachment of,139-41.Cherokee Indians, in Georgia,326-27.Chesapeake Bay, navigation of,27-28;British military operations in,221-23.Chesapeake, United States frigate, and the Leopard,184-86;reparation offered for,197;avenged,202;captured,218.Chippewa, battle of,220.Cincinnati, Society of the,24.Civil service.SeeAppointments.Claiborne, W. C. C., Governor of the Mississippi Territory, reports withdrawal of the right of deposit,148;takes possession of West Florida,204.Clark, George Rogers, and Genet,74-75.Clay, Henry, his early career,202-03;in the Senate,203;Speaker of the House,207;commissioner at Ghent,227,229;his nationalism,241-42;on the National Bank Bill,242;opposes the Florida Treaty,264-65;on the extension of slavery,270;on the admission of Missouri,279;on the counting of the electoral vote (1820),280;advocates an American system,289;candidate for the Presidency (1824),307-08;on internal improvements,309-10;urges a protective tariff,310;favors the Tariff of 1824,312;his electoral vote (1824),312;and Jackson,313,314,315;and Crawford,313;and Adams,313-14;accepts Secretaryship of State,314;denies corrupt-bargain charge,313-15;favors Panama Congress,320;on the status of Cuba,321.Clinton, De Witt, nominated for the Presidency (1812),216;promotes the Erie Canal,255-56.Clinton, George, candidate for Vice-Presidency (1792),67;elected Vice-President (1804),167;candidate for the Presidency (1808),194.Cohensv.Virginia,336-37.Colonization Society,272.Commerce,foreign, during the Revolution,2;restrictions upon,3,7;power to regulate,34;revival of,46-47;aggressions on,76-77,86-87;and Jay's Treaty,85-87;Mississippi opened to,87;during European wars,124,179-80;during the War of 1812,233;after the Treaty of Ghent,233-34.internal,between South and Northwest,252-53;along the Mississippi,253-54;between East and other sections,254-56.Commonwealthv.Caton,19.Compromises of the Constitution,33-35.Congress,of the Confederation, and finance,5-6;peregrinations of,6;and foreign commerce,7-8;and the public domain,8;organizes the Northwest Territory,10-12;and the State of Franklin,15;and Shays' Rebellion,21-22;and the Annapolis Convention,28-29;and the new Constitution,38,44.of the new Union, elections to,44;assembles,47;organizes,48;attends the counting of the electoral vote,48;hears the inaugural address,48,49;enters upon its duties,50.Connecticut, favors the open door,8;ratifies the Constitution,41;refuses call for militia,213;and the Hartford Convention,224;adopts a new Constitution,304;suffrage in,304;authorizes first law reports,332.Connecticut Wits, the,123.Constitution of the United States, drafting of,30-35;publication of,35-38;ratification of,39-43;voting on,43-44;first amendments to,55;Twelfth Amendment to,166-67;judicial interpretation of,331-45.Constitution, United States frigate, captures L'Insurgente,101;captures the Guerrière,215;captures the Java,216.Constitutions, of new States,303-04;of the old States,304-05.Convention of 1787, origin,28-29;choice of delegates to,29;proceedings of,30-38;journal of,30;its work,35-36.Cooper, J. Fenimore,285.Corrupt-bargain cry, in 1825,313-15.Cotton gin, invention of,127;effect of,127-28.Cotton-growing, spread of,127,249-51.Cotton manufacturing, beginnings of,124;after the embargo,234-35;after the Peace of Ghent,235-36.Court reports, first published,332.Courts, federal.SeeFederal judiciary, Judiciary Act, etc.Crawford, William H., candidate for presidential nomination (1816),243-44;nominated for the Presidency (1824),308;on internal improvements,310;on the Tariff of 1824,312;his electoral vote (1824),312;his vote in the election by the House,314.Creek Indians, rising of,219;capitulation of,220;in East Florida,260;lands in Georgia,324-26.Crisis of 1819,266-67.Cuba, interest of the United States in,293,321.Cumberland Road.SeeNational Road.Currency, under the Confederation,5;after the War of 1812,238-39,240-41.Cushing, William,54.Cutler, Manasseh,11-12.Dallas, A. J., Secretary of the Treasury, and the tariff,237-38;and the new National Bank,241.Dartmouth College Case,342-43.Davis, Jefferson, father of,249.Dearborn, Henry, Secretary of War,130-31;in the War of 1812,213,218.Decatur, Stephen,145,215.Delaware, instructs delegates to the Federal Convention,30;ratifies the Constitution,41.Democracy in the United States,298-301,303-07.Democratic societies, founded,75;condemned by Washington,83-84.Demos Krateoprinciple,315-16.Dennie, Joseph,283.Departments, executive, organized,51-52;Fisher Ames on,89-90.Deposit, right of, at New Orleans,87;withdrawn,148.Detroit, surrender of,214.Dorchester, Lord, Governor of Canada, 68,78-79.Duties on imports, proposed in 1781, 1783,6.Dwight, Timothy, hisConquest of Canaan,123;on the back-country people,247.East Florida, revolution in,204;occupied by United States,204;rendezvous,259-60;invaded by Jackson,260-62.Ellsworth, Oliver,53-54.Embargo Act,of 1794,79;of 1807,188-89;enforcement of,190-91,194-95;as a coercive weapon,190,192;effect of,191-93;in New England,193,195;repeal of,196;of 1812,209.Emerson, Ralph Waldo,287.Emigration, from New England,247-48;from the Middle States,248;from the South,249.Era of Good Feelings,266.Erie Canal, construction of,255-56.Erskine, D. M., British Minister to the United States,197.Essex, case of the,180.Essex Junto,164,193,224.Everett, Edward,287.Executive Departments, establishment of,51-52.Fallen Timber, battle of,80-81.Far West,258-59.Fauchet, J. A. J., succeeds Genet,76;urges acquisition of Louisiana,91.Fearon, Henry B.,247,248.Federal Convention of 1787.SeeConvention of 1787.Federalist, the,43.Federalist party, origin of,39-40.See alsoPresidential elections.Finances, of the Confederation,5-6;of the new Government,50-51,56-64.Fiscal administration, beginnings of national,51.Fisheries, discussed at Ghent,229;in the Convention of 1818,259.Fletcherv.Peck,170,342.Floridas, controversy over the boundaries of,16,68;northern boundary settled,87;proposed purchase of,148;and the province of Louisiana, 151,158-59;sought by Jefferson,170-71;acquisition of,264.Florida Treaty,264-65.Foreign-born in the United States,245-46.Foster, A. J., British Minister to the United States,201.France, concessions to American commerce,46;covets Spanish colonies,70-71;sends Genet to United States,71-72;demands rights under treaties of 1778,72-73;substitutes Fauchet for Genet,76;opens colonies to neutral trade,76-77;