attempts to procure Louisiana,91;offended at Jay's Treaty,92-93;refuses to receive Pinckney,95;the X Y Z affair,98-99;involved in hostilities with United States,101;convention of 1800,104,146;acquires Louisiana,146;expedition against Santo Domingo,146-47;cedes Louisiana to United States,149,150;continental system,187-88;and the embargo,191-92;sequesters American vessels,199-200;withdraws decrees,200.Franklin, Benjamin, in the Convention of 1787,30,32.Franklin, State of,15.French Revolution, influence on America,72.Freneau, Philip,65-66,123.Fries Rebellion,113.Fulton, Robert,232.Gallatin, Albert, Representative,89;on the treaty-making power,90-91;Secretary of the Treasury,130;his policy of retrenchment,132-33;and the Mediterranean Fund,144;urges enforcement of the embargo,194;recommends war taxes,208;commissioner at Ghent,227,229;and the Convention of 1818,259;on equality in Pennsylvania,300.Gardoqui, Don Diego de, Spanish Minister to United States,16.Genet, E. C., French Minister to United States,71-72;designs on Florida and Louisiana,73;sets up prize courts,73-74;revolutionary activities,73-75;discredited,76;recalled,76.Georgia, ratifies the Constitution,41;and the Yazoo land grants,168-70;and the Creek Indians,324;protests against the Treaty of Washington,325;and the Indian lands,325-26;protests against the tariff,327.Gerry, Elbridge, commissioner to France,96;and the X Y Z affair,98-100;elected Vice-President (1812),216.Ghent, Treaty of, preliminary negotiations,227-29;terms of,229-30.Gibbonsv.Ogden,343-45.Giles, William, resolution censuring Hamilton,66;on the reform of the judiciary,134-35;on impeachment,140.Gray, Captain Robert, of the Columbia,47.Great Britain, imposes restriction on American commerce,3;refuses commercial treaty,7;retains Western posts,7;Nootka Sound affair,69;policy in the Northwest,68-70;and the Rule of 1756,76-77;preys on neutral commerce,77-78;and the Jay Treaty,84-88;and the Blount conspiracy,97;and the case of the Essex,180;exercises right of search,182;condones impressment,182;evades reparation for the Chesapeake affair,186;demands recall of proclamation,186;retaliates for French decrees,188;and the embargo,191;repudiates Erskine Treaty,197;recalls Jackson,198;and the withdrawal of French decrees,200;offers reparation for the Chesapeake affair,201;blockades New York,201;incurs American hostility,208-10;withdraws orders in council,210;and the War of 1812,212-30;declines Russian mediation,227;negotiates for peace,227;concludes Treaty of Ghent,228-29;concludes Convention of 1818,259;aroused by Jackson's Florida campaign,262;and the European congresses,291;protests against intervention,292;overtures to the United States,292-94.Greenv.Biddle,340.Greenville, Treaty of,87;disregarded by settlers,205.Grenville, Lord, negotiates with Jay,79,85.Griswold, Roger, on the treaty-making power,90;and the project of a New England confederacy,164;on the office of Vice-President,167.Grundy, Felix,207.Guerrière, British frigate,202,215.Hamilton, Alexander, defends Waddington,4;drafts Annapolis report,28;on the opposition to the Constitution,41;contributes to theFederalistpapers,43;and the bill to establish the Treasury Department,52;Secretary of the Treasury,54;first Report on the Public Credit,56-60;alleged deal with Jefferson,61-62;second Report,61-62;on the National Bank Bill,62-63;on the French treaties,73;defends Jay's Treaty,86;retires from the Treasury,89;and the Presidency,92;advises recall of Monroe,95;major-general,102;urges enforcement of Alien Act,113;hostility to John Adams,116;opposes Federalist alliance with Burr,165;duel with Burr,166.Hard times, under the Confederation,2-3;in 1819-20,268-69.Harmar, Fort, seat of government in the Northwest,14.Harrisburg Convention,327-28.Harrison, William Henry, concludes Indian treaties,205-06;wins battle of Tippecanoe,200;in the War of 1812,217-18.Hartford Convention, origin of,224-25;journal of,225;report of,225-27.Harvard College,287.Hayne, Robert Y., on the Panama Mission,322-23.Henry of Prussia, Prince, and the regency of the United States,24.Hicks, Elias,288.Holy Alliance, designs of the so-called,291.Hopkinson, Joseph,101.Horseshoe Bend, battle of,220.Hudson's Bay Company,259.Hull, Captain Isaac, captures the Guerrière,215.Hull, General William, surrenders Detroit,214.Ildefonso, Treaty of,146.Illinois, settlement of,248;admitted as a State,251.Immigration into the United States,245.Impeachment, of Senator Blount,97;of Judge Pickering,138-39;of Justice Chase,139-41.Impressment of American seamen, in 1793-94,77-78;not mentioned in the Jay Treaty,84-85;condoned by the British Admiralty,182;deeply resented in United States in 1806,183;abolition demanded by Monroe,186;as a cause of the War of 1812,209;in the negotiations at Ghent, 228and the Treaty of Ghent,229-30.Imprisonment for debt,269.Indiana, settlement of,245;admitted as a State,251.Indian Treaties in the Northwest,205-06.Industry, during the Revolution,2;revival of,47;protection of, in the tariff of 1789,51;growth of,124.See alsospecial industries, and Tariff Acts.Ingersoll, Jared,216.Internal improvements, popular demand for,255;carried on by States,255-56;proposed by Gallatin in 1806,256;Calhoun's Bonus Bill,257;Madison on,257;Monroe on,258;in Congress,258,309;Survey Bill,309.Intervention of the Great Powers, in Italy,292;in Spain,292.Irving, Washington,284,285.Jackson, Andrew, wins battle of Horseshoe Bend,220;concludes treaty with the Creeks,220;wins the battle of New Orleans,227;invades East Florida,261-62;on precedent,268;on rotation in office,304;candidate for the Presidency (1824),307-08;favors Survey Bill,310;favors protective policy,312;his electoral vote (1824),312;his vote in the House election,314;and Clay,315;significance of his popular vote,316;candidate for the Presidency (1828),318.Jackson, F. J., British Minister to United States,198.Jacobinism,107,114,161.Jay, John, diplomatic agent of United States,16;contributes to theFederalistpapers,43;appointed Chief justice,54;envoy extraordinary to England,79;drafts treaty,84;declines appointment as Chief Justice,331-32.Jay Treaty, negotiated,84;discussed in Senate,84-85;evaluation of,85-86;popular opinion of,86;amended in Senate,86-87;promulgated by President,88;debated in the House,90-91;gives offense to France,92-93.Jefferson, Thomas, Ordinance of 1784,8;Secretary of State,54;on speculation in government paper,58;on assumption,60-61;on the excise,62;on the Bank Bill,62-63;his distrust of Hamilton,64;fears British designs on Louisiana,69;on the French treaties,73;proposes retaliatory legislation against England,78;candidate for the Presidency (1796),92;elected Vice-President,93;on war message of Adams,98;drafts Kentucky Resolutions,110;candidate for the Presidency (1800),110;directs political campaign of 1800,112;elected President,118;on the Revolution of 1800,119;personal appearance,128;on husbandry,128;on commerce and coercion,129;inaugural address,129-30;on the work of the general Government,130;and the patronage,131-33;mastery of Congress, 132,133-34;on retrenchment,132-33;on the judiciary,134-35,141,331;on impeachment,141;on the navy,143;on the retrocession of Louisiana,147;instructions to Livingston,148;his information about Louisiana,152;authorizes Lewis and Clark expedition,152;on the acquisition of Louisiana,153-54;on New England Federalism,162-63;reëlected President (1804),167;attempts to acquire the Floridas,170-71;his proclamation against Burr,175;sends Pinkney to England,181;and the Chesapeake affair,186;recommends embargo,190;abdicates,194;favors protection of manufactures,236;on Canning's overtures,294;on internal improvements,319.Johnson, R. M.,271.Judicial review, power of,4,19,137-38.Judiciary Act,of 1789, passed,53-54;tested,335-37;of 1801, passed,121-22;repealed,134-35.Judiciary, federal, organized,53-54;reorganized,121-22;and Republican reforms,134-35;feared by Jefferson,331;influence in 1800,331-32;controversy with Pennsylvania,333-35;controversy with Virginia,336-37,338-39;expands the Constitution,341-45;nationalizing influence,345.Kent, James, on universal suffrage,305;his appointment to the Supreme Court urged,345.Kentucky, separatist movement in,16;admitted as a State,55;intrigues in,68;radical legislation in,268;protests against the decision of court in Greenv.Biddle,340.King, Rufus, candidate for the Vice-Presidency,167,194;elected Vice-President,244;on slavery in Missouri,277.Kirby, Ephraim,332.Knox, Henry, refuses to serve in the provisional army,10;Secretary of War,22,55;and Shays' Rebellion,22.Kremer, George,314.L'Ambuscade, French frigate,74.Land Act of 1820,269.Land Ordinance of 1785,10.Lands, disposal of the public,10-12,269-70.Latrobe, Benjamin H.,123,236.Leander, British frigate,181-82.Leclerc, V. E., expedition against Santo Domingo,146-47,149.Lee, Henry, and the Whiskey Insurrection,83.Leopard-Chesapeake affair,184-86.Lewis and Clark expedition,152-53.Lincoln, Abraham, father of,249;education of,303.Lincoln, Levi,130-31.L'Insurgente, French frigate,101.Little Belt, British sloop-of-war,202.Little Sarah affair,75.Livingston, Robert, Minister to France,148-49;negotiates for Louisiana,150-51;on the bounds of Louisiana, 151,158-59.Louisiana, Spanish province, threatened by France,71;retroceded to France,146;acquired by the United States,149-51;Senate opposition to,155-56;provision for the government of,156-58;transfer of,157;bounds of,158-59;western boundary settled,264.Lowndes, William,307.Lundy's Lane, battle of,220.Lyon, Matthew, prosecution of,110.M'Cullochv.Maryland,268,337-38.Macdonough, Thomas, wins battle of Plattsburg,221-22.McHenry, James, Secretary of War,101,103.Maclay, William, on the President's address,50;on the Judiciary Act,54.Macon bills,199.Macon, Nathaniel, Speaker of the House,133-34;on non-intercourse,199.Madison, James, on affairs in Georgia,7;on state jealousies,8;in the Federal Convention,29-30;contributes to theFederalistpapers,43;proposes constitutional amendments,55;on stock-jobbing,63-64;on Hamilton's financial policy,64;proposes retaliatory legislation (1793),78;drafts Virginia Resolutions,110-11;Secretary of State,130;on the Yazoo commission,169;favors peaceable coercion,180-81;on impressments,186;and George Rose,187;elected President,194;and Erskine,197;and Jackson,198;issues proclamation against England,200;authorizes occupation of West Florida,204;and the war party,208-09;recommends an embargo,209;his war message,209-10;his proclamation of war,210;reëlected President (1812),216-17;and New England,223,225;his estimate of the war,231-32;favors mild protection of industries,236;vetoes Bank Bill,239;signs second Bank Bill,239;message of 1815,241;his farewell address,243,257;on Canning's overtures,294.Magazines as literature, 1815-30,284.Mahan, Admiral A. T., on the War of 1812,231.Maine, the admission of,275-77;suffrage in,304.Malbone, Edward G.,286.Manufactures, beginnings of,46,124.Seespecial industries.Marburyv.Madison, case of,136-37;constitutional importance of,333.Marietta, founding of,13.Marshall, John, on the Constitution as the expression of the will of the people,43;commissioner to France,96;and the X Y Z affair,98-100;appointed Chief Justice,136;and Jefferson,136;opinion in Marburyv.Madison,136-37,333;at the trial of Burr,177-78;influence of,332-33;opinion in United Statesv.Peters,334;opinion in Cohensv.Virginia,336-37;opinion in M'Cullochv.Maryland,337-38;opinion in United Statesv.Fisher,338;opinion in American Insurance Companyv.Canter,341-42;opinion in Fletcherv.Peck,342;opinion in Dartmouth College Case,342-43;