The Project Gutenberg eBook ofVegetable TeratologyThis ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online atwww.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.Title: Vegetable TeratologyAuthor: Maxwell T. MastersRelease date: November 6, 2007 [eBook #23354]Language: EnglishCredits: E-text prepared by Charlene Taylor, Leonard Johnson, and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team (https://www.pgdp.net)*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK VEGETABLE TERATOLOGY ***
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online atwww.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.
Title: Vegetable TeratologyAuthor: Maxwell T. MastersRelease date: November 6, 2007 [eBook #23354]Language: EnglishCredits: E-text prepared by Charlene Taylor, Leonard Johnson, and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team (https://www.pgdp.net)
Title: Vegetable Teratology
Author: Maxwell T. Masters
Author: Maxwell T. Masters
Release date: November 6, 2007 [eBook #23354]
Language: English
Credits: E-text prepared by Charlene Taylor, Leonard Johnson, and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team (https://www.pgdp.net)
*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK VEGETABLE TERATOLOGY ***
E-text prepared by Charlene Taylor, Leonard Johnson,and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team(http://www.pgdp.net)
THERAY SOCIETY.INSTITUTED MDCCCXLIV.This volume is issued to the Subscribers to theRay Societyfor the Year1868.LONDON:MDCCCLXIX.
THE
RAY SOCIETY.
INSTITUTED MDCCCXLIV.
This volume is issued to the Subscribers to theRay Societyfor the Year1868.
LONDON:MDCCCLXIX.
VEGETABLE TERATOLOGY,AN ACCOUNTOF THEPRINCIPAL DEVIATIONS FROM THE USUALCONSTRUCTION OF PLANTSBYMAXWELL T. MASTERS, M.D., F.L.S.WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS BYE. M. WILLIAMS.LONDON:PUBLISHED FOR THE RAY SOCIETY BYROBERT HARDWICKE, 192. PICCADILLY.MDCCCLXIX.
AN ACCOUNTOF THEPRINCIPAL DEVIATIONS FROM THE USUALCONSTRUCTION OF PLANTS
BYMAXWELL T. MASTERS, M.D., F.L.S.
WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS BYE. M. WILLIAMS.
LONDON:PUBLISHED FOR THE RAY SOCIETY BYROBERT HARDWICKE, 192. PICCADILLY.MDCCCLXIX.
TOJOSEPH DALTON HOOKER, M.D.,D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., ETC. ETC.DIRECTOR OF THE ROYAL GARDENS, KEW,This VolumeISGRATEFULLY INSCRIBED.
TOJOSEPH DALTON HOOKER, M.D.,D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., ETC. ETC.DIRECTOR OF THE ROYAL GARDENS, KEW,This VolumeISGRATEFULLY INSCRIBED.
Cohesion between axes of same plant,9—Fasciation,11—Cohesion of foliar organs,21—Of margins of single organs,21—Tubular petals,23—Cohesion of several organs by their margins,25—Of the sepals, 27—Of the petals,28—Of the stamens,29—Of the pistils,29—Ascidia or pitchers,30.
Adhesion of foliar organs,32—Of leaves by their surfaces,33—Of foliar to axile organs,34—Of sepals to petals,34—Of stamens to petals,34—Of stamens to pistils,35—Miscellaneous adhesions,35—Of fruit to branch,36—Synanthy,36—Syncarpy,45—Synspermy,50—Between axes of different plants of same species,50—And of different species,55—Synophty.
Fission of axile organs,60—Of foliar organs,61—Of petals,66—Of stamens,68—Of carpels,68.
Dialysis of margins of individual parts,70—Of margins of parts of same whorl-calyx,70—Of corolla,71—Of stamens,73—Of carpels,73.
Solution of calyx from ovary,77—Of stamens from petals,82.
Displacement of bulbs,84—Of inflorescence,85—Of leaves,87—Of parts of flowers,91—Of carpels,96—Of placentas and ovules,96.
Prolification of the inflorescence,102—Median foliar,103—Median floral,105—Lateral foliar,106—Lateral floral,107—Prolification of the flower,115—Median foliar,116—Median floral,119—Axillary prolification,138—Foliar,141—Floral,142—Complicated prolification,151—Of embryo,155.
Formation of adventitious roots,156—Of shoots below the cotyledons,161—Adventitious leaves,162—On scapes,163—Production of leaves or scales in place of flower-buds,164—Viviparous plants,168—Formation of buds on leaves,170—In pith,171—On bulbs,172—Production of gemmæ in place of spores,173—Of flowers on leaves,174—Of flower-buds in place of leaf-buds,176—Of flowers on spines,177—Of flower-buds on petals,177—On fruits,178—In ovaries,180—Of stamens in ovaries,182—Of pollen in ovules,185—Homomorphic flowers of Compositæ,188—Heterotaxy affecting the inflorescence,188—Supra-soriferous ferns,190.
Change in the position of male and female flowers,191—From monœcious to diœcious condition,193—From diœcious to monœcious,193—From hermaphroditism to unisexuality,195—From unisexuality to hermaphroditism,197—Pollen replaced by ovules,201.
Fastigiation,202—Eversion,204—Altered direction of leaves,205—Altered direction of flower,206—Reflexion,209—Gymnaxony,211.
Stasimorphy in leaves of Conifers,217—Regular peloria,219.
Phyllody of bracts,242—In inflorescence of Conifers,245—Of calyx,245—Of corolla,251—Of stamens,253—Of pistils,256—Of ovules,262—Changes in nucleus of ovule,269—Phyllody of accessory organs,272—Chloranthy,273—General remarks on,278.
Sepalody of petals,282—Petalody of calyx, calycanthemy,283—Petalody of stamens,285—Of anther,291—Of connective,293—Compound stamens,294—Petalody of pistils,296—Of ovules,297—Of accessory organs,297—Staminody of the bracts,298—Of sepals and petals,298—Of pistils,299—Of accessory organs,301—Pistillody of perianth,302—Of sepals,302—Of stamens,303—Of ovules,310.
Formation of tubes,312—In flower,314—Spurs,315—Contortion,316—Spiral torsion,319—Of leaf,326—Adventitious tendrils,326—Interrupted growth,327—Cornute leaves,328—Flattening,328.
Heterophylly,330—Dimorphism,333—Sports or bud-variations,336.
Albinism,337—Virescence,338—Chromatism,339.
Multiplication of branches,346—Plica,346—Polyclady,347—Multiplication of branches of inflorescence,348—Of bulbs,350—Of florets,351.
Pleiophylly,353—Multiplication of stipules, bracts, &c.,357—Polyphylly,358—Increased number of leaves in a whorl,358—Polyphylly of bracts,358—Of calyx,358—Of corolla,359—Of andrœcium,361—Of gynœcium,363—Of flower in general,365—Increased number of ovules and seeds,367—Of embryos,369—Of cotyledons,370—Pleiotaxy, or multiplication of whorls,371—Pleiotaxy of bracts,371—Of calyx,374—Of perianth,375—Of corolla (hose in hose),376—Andrœcium,379—Andrœcium of Orchids,380—Pleiotaxy of gynœcium,388—Increased number of flowers in an inflorescence,391.
Acaulosia,393—Non-development of peduncle,393—Nature of calyx-tube (Casimir de Candolle),394—Suppression of columella,395.
Aphylly,395—Meiophylly,396—Of calyx or perianth,396—Of corolla,397—Of andrœcium,398—Of gynœcium,399—Of flower,400—Meiotaxy,403—Of calyx,403—Of corolla,403—Of andrœcium,405—Of gynœcium,406—Of ovules or seeds,407—Of flower,408—General remarks on suppression,409.
Of axile organs,418—Knaurs,419—Enlargement of buds,420—Of flower-stalk,421—In pears,423—Of placenta,424—Of leaves,426—Development of parts usually abortive,427—Enlargement of perianth,428—Of andrœcium,430—Of gynœcium,430—Of fruit,431—Alterations of consistence,432.
Elongation of root,434—Of inflorescence,434—Of flower-stalks,435—Of leaves,437—Of parts of flower,438—Of thalamus and placenta,440—Apostasis,440.
Excrescences from axile organs, warts,444—Enation from leaves,445—From sepals,448—From petals,448—Catacorolla,451—Enation from stamens,453—From carpels,453.
Abortion of axile organs,455—Of receptacle,457—Of leaves,458—Of perianth, calyx, and corolla,460—Of stamens,463—Of pollen,463—Of pistil, fruit, &c.,464—Of ovules,466—Depauperated ferns,466—General remarks,467.
Formation of scales,470—Of hairs,472—Of glands,473—Of tendrils,473.
General morphology of the leaf and axis, 476.—Homology,476—Special morphology,479—Calyx-tube,480—Andrœcium,482—Inferior ovary,482—Placentation,483—Structure of the ovule,484—Leaves of Conifers,484—Relative position of organs,484—Law of alternation,485—Co-relation,486—Compensation,488—Teratology and classification,488.
Double flowers, varieties of,491—Causes of production,491—Relation to variegated foliage,497—List of plants producing,499.