d’Abbadie, M., on inoculation,238.Acalyptophis,133.Acanthophis,96.“antarcticus(death adder),96.““““bite dangerous,100.Acanthopterygii,290,301,304.Acanthurus,301.“luridus,301.Adder,25,26.See also Vipera berus.Africa, poisonous snakes in,57-81.“““geographical distribution of genera (tables),143,144.“(Central), witch doctors of, snake-bite remedies,237.“(East), Vatuas’ method of inoculation,239.Agglutinins of venoms,202.Aipysurus,140.“annulatus,140.“australis,140.“lævis,140.“eydouxii,140.Albuminoid of snake-venom produces hæmorrhages,162.Albumins of venom devoid of toxic power,164.Albumose of snake-venom attacks nerve-cell of respiratory centres,162.Albumoses of venoms ofColubridæ,162.“““method of separation,162.“See alsoProto-albumoses, Hetero-albumoses.Alcatifa, extraction of venom from, for inoculation,239.Alcock, researches of, on glands of snakes,147.Alexins,198,209.“characteristics of,207.“fixation of,210,211.“of normal serum, fixation by cobra-venom,211.“neutralisation of,212.Alkaloids in venom,160.Alps, and mountains of Central Europe,Salamandra atrafound in,313.Amboceptors,198,210.“fixation of,208,220.America, snakes in, geographical distribution of genera of (table),146.“venomous snakes in,100-131.America, (Central),Batrachus taufound on shores of,302.“(North), musical toad found in,318.“(South), witch doctors of, snake-bite remedies,237.“(Tropical and Sub-tropical),Latrodectus mactansfound in,275.Ammonia, injection of, only temporary antidote against snake-venom,261.Ancistrodon,49,109,110.“venom of, precipitation of anticoagulant substance in,195.“acutus,49.“bilineatus,111.“blomhoffii,50.“contortrix,111.“himalayanus,50.“hypnale,51.“intermedius,50.“piscivorus,110.“rhodostoma,51.Anderson, relation of escape fromNaja haje,60.Anemone scultata,269.Aniline colours, action of, diminishes toxicity of venoms,167.Animals, venomous, definition of,1.Arachnolysin, poison fromLatrodectusprepared by,276.Araneida(spiders),274.Armstrong, H., chemical analysis of cobra-venom,159.Arrows, poisoned by Hottentots with venom ofBitis arietans,72.Arthropods, poisonous species of,274.Asia, poisonous snakes inhabiting,30,57.““““geographical distribution of genera (tables),142,143.Asp,27,28.See also Vipera aspis.Aspidelaps,64.“lubricus,64.“scutatus,64.Atheris,78.“ceratophorus,78.“chlorechis,78.“squamiger,78.Atlantic (Tropical),Acanthurusfound in,301.““Muræna moringafound in,309.Atractaspis,78.“aterrima,80.“bibronii,80.“congica,79.“corpulenta,80.“dahomeyensis,80.“hildebrandtii,79.“irregularis,79.“leucomelas,81.“microlepidota,81.“micropholis,81.“rostrata,80.Australia, health authorities’ notices against venomous reptiles,100.“mortality from snake-bite in,100,261.“poisonous snakes of,81-100.“snakes of, almost all confined to sub-familyElapinæ,5.Bacteriolyticaction of venoms,206.“““how differing from that of rat-serum,208.Bailey, action of venom on brain,185.Batrachians,312.Batrachiidæ,302.Batrachus grunniens,302.“tau,302.Bavay on the spitting snake,63.Bee-sting, remedies for,286.Bees, venom of,282.Bertrand, researches of,147.Bertrand and Phisalix, experiments on immunity of hedgehog to venom,226.““preparation of toad-venom,319.Bettencourt, R., venom antitoxin treatment of yellow fever,184.Bibron and Duméril on coloration of snakes,16.““Najaworship in Egypt,61.Bile, destructive effect on cobra-venom,215.Birds, symptoms after inoculation with lethal doses of venom,172.Bitis,69.“arietans(puff adder),69.““““bite from,350.““““venom used for poisoning arrows by Hottentots,72.“atropos,72.“caudalis,73.“cornuta,73.“gabonica,73.““does not attack man,74.“inornata,72.“peringueyi,72.Black snake,88.See also Pseudechis porphyriacus.Blin, bite fromCerastes,349.Blindness following bite of viper,178.Blood, anticoagulant action of venom on, mechanism of,195.“coagulability, action of venom ofLachesis lanceolatuson,191.““destroyed by venoms ofColubridæ,179,188,189,191,192,193.““““certain species ofCrotalinæ,191,192,193.““uncertain action of venom of Vipera berus on, in certain animals,189,190.“coagulation of, connected with action of venoms ofViperidæon nervous system,185,186.““produced by venoms ofViperidæ,179,188,189.“not coagulated after death caused by venoms ofColubridæ,171,188,189.“of hedgehog toxic before heating, antitoxic afterwards,226.“of scorpion antitoxic,279.Blood, toxicity of, in reptiles,217.“““confers partial immunity to venom,218,219.“““destroyed by heating,218.““in venomous snakes,217.Blood-corpuscles, red, agglutination by venoms,202.““dissolution only effected by combination of venom with blood-serum or lecithin,197.““dissolved by snake-serums,219,220.““effects of venom upon,196.““resistance to large doses of venom,199,200,201.““““““explanation,200,201.““washing of, important before presentation to action of venom,196,197.“unaltered under action of simultaneous doses of venom and serum,220.“white, effects of venom on,203.Bombay, laboratory for production of antivenomous serum at,248,252.Bonaparte, Lucien, chemistry of venom of vipers,160.Bothrops, bites from,353,354.Bottard on venomous fishes,288.Boulengerina,58.“stormsi,58.Brachyaspis,95.“curta,95.Brain, comparative action of venoms ofColubridæandViperidæon,185,186.“substance of, fixation of venom on,186.Brazil,Thalassophryne maculosafound on shores of,303.Brehm, onCrotalus confluentus,125.“the daboia (Vipera russellii),46.“Echis carinatus(efa, viper of the pyramids),76,77.“reverence paid by Hindus toNaja,38.Broad-headed snake,94.See also Hoplocephalus variegatus.Briot, A., experiments with weever-venom,298,299.“poison ofScolopendraprepared by,280.Bromized water, saturated, modifies or destroys venoms,164.Brown snake,87.See also Diemenia textilis.Brunton, Sir Lauder, on harmless ingestion of venom exceeding lethal dose,214.Bufo calamita(natter-jack),318.“musicus(musical toad),318.“viridis(green toad),318.“vulgaris(common toad),318.Bufotalin,319,320.“first active principle of toad-venom, and cardiac poison,319,320.Bufotenin,320.“second active principle of toad-venom, and neurotoxic poison,320.Bungarus,30.“venom of, active hæmolysing power possessed by,199.“cæruleus(common krait), bite, cure of,337.““““venom of, dose lethal for different animals,174.“candidus,32.Bungarus candidus, resemblance toLycodon aulicus,33.“fasciatus,31,32.Buprestidæ, food for larvæ ofCerceris bupresticida,285.Bushmaster, or surucucu,112.See also Lachesis mutus.Calamaridæ, species ofCallophisfeed only upon,42.Callionymus,301.“belennus,301.“lacertus,301.“lyra,300-301.“vulsus,301.Callophis,40.“feeds only on snakes belonging toCalamaridæ,42.“bibronii,41.“gracilis,41.“maclellandi,41.“maculiceps,41.“trimaculatus,41.Calmette’s serum, cobra-bites treated with,363-5.See alsoSerum, antivenomous.Calvados,Callionymus lyracommon on coast of,301.Cantharis(blister-beetles),281.Cantor, on venom ofNaja bungarus,39.“vindictiveness ofNaja bungarus,39.Captivity, poisonous snakes kept in,61,62,125,156,223.Carawalla.See Ancistrodon hypnale.Cardiac poison of toad-venom (bufotalin),319,320.Caribbean Sea,Scorpæna grandicornisfound in,293.Carpi and Morgenroth, lecithide of bee-venom prepared by,285.Carrière, experiments on ingestion of venom,214.Cascavella (Crotalus terrificus),124.Cato, army of, patronage of snake-charmers by,228.Causus,67.“defilipii,67.“lichtensteinii,68.“resimus,67.“rhombeatus,67.Cells, dissolution of.SeeCytolytic action.Cerastes,47,75.“bites from,348-350.““cured,358.“secretion of,150.“venom of, fatal to barefooted pedestrians,76.“cornutus,47,75.“vipera,75.Cerceris bupresticida,285.Ceylon, snake-charmers of,229.Chameleons succumb rapidly to snake-poisoning,172.Chelicera (fang of spider),274.Chemical reactions exhibited by venoms,162.Chemical substances modifying or destroying venoms,164.Chemistry of snake-venoms,159.Cherry and Martin on antagonism between toxins and antitoxins,253.Chilomycterus,307.“orbicularis,307.“tigrinus,307.China and Japan,Lophius setigerusfound in seas of,304.Chloride of gold, antidote to venom before absorption,261,263.““solution, modifies or destroys venom,164.“lime solution, modifies or destroys venom,164.Cholesterin, antidote to lecithin,198.Chromic acid, antidote to venom before absorption,260.““solution, modifies or destroys venoms,164.Clamouse, on bites from European vipers,343.Clot Bey on Egyptian snake-charmers,228-229.Clothing protective against dangerous effects of snake-bite,170.Cobra, bite of, clinical symptoms,169.““““exhibit rapid general intoxication,169.““treated with Calmette’s serum,363.“extraction of venom from, method,153.“Egyptian (Naja hajeorhaie),59.“method of carrying after capture,21.“snake-charmers’ skill with,229.“venom of,149.““alkaloids in,160.““chemical analysis,159.““comparison of toxicity by means of intra-cerebral injections,186.““destructive action of bile on,215.““dissolution of trypanosomes by,207.““dose lethal for different animals in twenty-four hours,174.““fixation on nervous elements,186.““local effects on serous membranes slight,179.““potency of antineurotoxic antivenomous serum against,250,251,252.““vaccination against,242,244,245.Cobra-di-Capello,33.See also Naja tripudians.““spectacled, used by Hindu snake-charmer,229.Cœlenterates, poisonous species of,269.Cœlopeltis,22.“moilensis,23.“monspessulana,23.Cold, intense, toxicity of venom not diminished by,166.Colombia, herons of, probably immune to snake-venom,227.““hunt young snakes for food,226.Coloration of snakes,15,16.““subject to biological laws of mimicry,15,16.Colubridæ,3,30,57,82,100,101-109.See also Acanthophis,Aspidelaps,Boulengerina,Brachyaspis,Dendraspis,Denisonia,Diemenia,Elapechis,Elapognathus,Furina,Glyphodon,Homorelaps,Hoplocephalus,Micropechis,Notechis,Ogmodon,Opisthoglypha,Proteroglypha,Pseudechis,Pseudelaps,Rhinhoplocephalus,Rhynchelaps,Sepedon,Tropidechis,Walterinnesia.Colubridæ(sub-familyElapinæ).See also Bungarus,Naja,Hemibungarus,Callophis,Doliophis.“resemblance to harmless snakes,3.“species of, bite rapidly produces general intoxication,168.“venoms of, absorption by digestive tract often without ill-effect,180,181.“““““““cause,181.““action on nervous centres profound,185.““affinity of scorpion poison to,278.““albumoses of,162.““destroy coagulability of blood,179,188,189.““dialyse slowly,161.““lethal effects on mammals,170.““minimum doses lethal for guinea-pig in twenty-four hours,173.““precipitation of anticoagulant substance in,195.““recovery rapid after non-lethal doses,177.““resistant to heat,161.““richness in neurotoxin,249.Common rattle-snake,125.See also Crotalus durissus.Congestin, poison fromAnemone scultata,271.Conjunctivitis caused by discharge into eyes of venom of spitting snake,63,64.Copperhead,90.See also Denisonia superba.Coral-snake,104.“immunity from bite of,238.“venomous nature of,108.“See also Elaps corallinus.Coral or harlequin snake,106.See Elaps fulvius.Cordier, D., cobra-bites treated with Calmette’s serum,363.Cotes, E. C., on extraction of venom by charmers,234.Cottus,289,290,292.“poison-apparatus of,293.Crabronidæ,285.“stings of females of, toxic to other insects, nearly harmless to man,285.Crotalinæ(Viperidæ),101,109.“characteristics of,6.“venoms of certain species of, non-coagulant,191,192,193.“See Ancistrodon;Lachesis.Crotalus(rattle-snake),110,122.“comparative toxicity of organs,220.“eggs of, rich in poison,220.“poison glands of,148.“venom of, alkaloids in,160.““comparison of toxicity by means of intra-cerebral injections,186.““ingestion causing death,180.““weak hæmolysing power possessed by,199.“adamanteus, venom of, dose lethal for rabbit,175.“cerastes(horned rattle-snake),129.“confluentus(Pacific or mottled rattle-snake),124.“““““habits,125.““devoured by pigs,125.Crotalus confluentus, secretion of,150.“durissus(common rattle-snake),125.“horridus,127.““bites from,355.“lepidus,129.“mitchelli,127.“polystictus,129.“scutulatus(Texas rattle-snake),124.“terrificus(dog-faced rattle-snake or cascavella),124.“tigris,127.“triseriatus,129.Cryptobranchus japonicus(great Japanese salamander),313-315,317.““venom of,317.“““action similar to that of viperine venoms,317.Curados de Culebras, immunity produced by inoculation by,235-237.Cytolytic action of venoms,206.Daboia.See Vipera russellii.Deafness following bite of viper,178.Death adder,96.See also Acanthophis antarcticus.Delezenne, establishment of existence of kinase in venoms,204.“on the kinasic properties of venoms,204,213.Dendraspis,65.“angusticeps,66.“antinorii,66.“jamesonii,66.“viridis,66.Denisonia,88.“carpentariæ,92.“coronata,89.“coronoides,89.“dæmelii,90.“flagellum,91.“frenata,90.“frontalis,91.“gouldii,91.“maculata,91.“melanura,92.“muelleri,90.“nigrescens,92.“nigrostriata,92.“pallidiceps,92.“par,92.“punctata,91.“ramsayi,90.“signata,90.“superba(the copperhead),89.“suta,90.“woodfordii,93.Dialysis, results of, in experiments with venoms ofColubridæandViperidæ,161.Diastases, action upon venoms,214.Diastasic actions of venoms,212.Diemenia,86.“modesta,87.“nuchalis,87.“olivacea,87.“psammophis,87.“textilis(brown snake),87.““““bite dangerous,100.“torquata,87.Digestion of snakes aided by venoms,213,214.Digestive tract, absorption of venoms ofColubridæoften without ill-effect on,180,181.“““““““cause,181.Diodon,305.Dipsadomorphinæ, sub-family ofOpisthoglypha,3.“geographical distribution,4.Dipsas, teeth of,8.