Distira, fresh-water genus ofHydrophiinæ,5,136.“cyanocincta,137.“jerdonii,137.“ornata,136.“subcincta,137.Dog, minimal dose of cobra-venom lethal for,174.Dog-faced rattle-snake,124.See also Crotalus terrificus.Doliophis,42.“bilineatus,43.“bivirgatus,42.“intestinalis,42.“philippinus,43.Domestic animals, treatment of poisonous bites in,265.Duck-billed platypus (Ornithorhynchus paradoxusorO. anatinus),323.Duméril and Bibron, on coloration of snakes,16.““Naja worshipin Egypt,61.Dutch Indies, poisonous snakes inhabiting,30-57.Dyer, venom antitoxin treatment of yellow fever,184.Eau de Javel, antidote to venom before absorption,263.““in treatment of wasp- or bee-stings,286.Echidnin, chemistry of,160.Echinoidea(sea-urchins),273.Echinoderms, poisonous species of,273.Echis,48,76.“carinatus(efa, viper of the pyramids),48,76.““bite from,347.““dreaded by Egyptians,77.““venom rapid in action,49.“coloratus,77.Efa(Echis carinatus),48,76.See also Echis carinatus.Eggs of bees, venom contained in,284.“fowls, artificial intoxication by venom, effect on embryo,214.“Crotalusrich in poison,220.Egypt, laboratory researches in,149,150.“snake-charmers of,228-229.Egyptians, dread ofEchis carinata(Efa) shown by,77.““and pursuit ofNaja hajeamong,60.Ehrlich, theory of lateral chains,208,220.Elachistodontinæ, sub-family ofOpisthoglypha,3.“geographical distribution,4.Elapechis,58.“boulengeri,59.“decosteri,59.“hessii,59.“guentheri,58.“niger,58,59.“sundevallii,59.Elapinæ, sub-family ofColubridæ,30.“geographical distribution,5.Elapognathus,97.“minor,97.Elaps,101,108.“ancoralis,108.“annellatus,103.“anomalus,103.“buckleyi,103.“corallinus(coral snake),104.See alsoCoral-snake.“decoratus,104.“dissoleucus,106.“dumerilii,104.“elegans,103.“euryxanthus(Sonoran coral-snake),102.“filiformis,107.“fraseri,107.“frontalis,106.“fulvius(harlequin or coral-snake),106.“gravenhorstii,102.“hemprichii,104.“heterochilus,102.“heterozonus,103.“langsdorffii,103.“lemniscatus,107.“marcgravii,106.“mentalis,107.“mipartitus,107.“narduccii,108.“psyches,106.“spixii,106.Elaps surinamensis,102.“tschudii,104.Electricity passed through solution of venom in form of continuous electrolytic current destroys toxicity,165.See alsoHigh frequency currents.Embryo, anomalies in development consequent on introduction of venom into eggs of fowl,214.Enhydrina,139.“venom of, fixation on nervous elements,186.“bengalensis(syn.E. valakadien),139.“valakadien(syn.E. bengalensis),139.““venom of, dose lethal for different animals,174.Enhydris,138.“curtus,138.““venom of, dose lethal for rat,174.Entomophaga,286.Eosin, photodynamic action of, diminishes toxicity of venoms,167.Epeira,276.Erythrosin, photodynamic action of, diminishes toxicity of venoms,167.Europe, poisonous snakes inhabiting,22-29.““geographical distribution of genera (tables),142.“(Central).SeeAlps.“Triton cristatusandT. marmoratusfound in,313.Ewing, action of venom on brain,185.Facialbones, special arrangements of, characteristic of poisonous snakes,6.Fasting, prolonged, snake-venom shows greatest activity after,176.Faust, S., salamandrine prepared by,316.Fayrer, Sir J., fatal results of experimental ingestion of venoms,180.““on the daboia (Vipera russellii),47.““habits of the krait (Bungarus candidus),33.““harmless ingestion of venom exceeding lethal dose,214.““Naja bungarus,39.Feeding, artificial, in laboratories for collection of venom,157.““of poisonous snakes,17,18.Fer-de-lance (Lachesis lanceolatus),112,113,114.Féré, Ch., experiments on development of embryo after introduction of venom into fowl’s egg,214.Fishes succumb rapidly to snake-venom,172.“venomous,288.““poison-apparatus of,289.Flexner and Noguchi, on action of snake-serum on red corpuscles,219.““cytolytic action of venoms,206.““investigations on toxicity of snakes’ organs,220.Food, abstinence from, by snakes,149.Fowls killed by causing them to ingest venom,180.Fox, W. A., bite fromSepedon hæmachates,337.France, mortality from snake-bite in,3.Fraser, on destructive action of bile on cobra-venom,215.Frog-serum, antidote to poison of pedicellariæ,274.Frogs succumb slowly to snake-poisoning,172.Furina,98.“bimaculata,99.“calonota,99.“occipitalis,99.Gaboonviper,73.See also Bitis gabonica.Gangrene, produced by venom ofViperidæ,177.Gautier, Armand, chemical constituents of venom,160.Geographical distribution of poisonous snakes in Africa,143,144.““““America,146.““““Asia,142,143.““““Europe,142.““““Oceania,145.Geracki, collection of venom,156.Gibbs, Wolcott, chemical constituents of venom,160.Glands (acid and alkaline), poison-organs of the hymenoptera,282.“secretion of venom from,147.Glandular secretions of persons and animals bitten by venomous snakes, toxic,181.Glycerine, means of preservation of concentrated solution of venom,166.Glyphodon,83.“tristis,84.Gobiidæ,300.Gouzien, Paul, collection of venom from poisonous snakes in French settlements in India,359.““on collection of venom,156.Grage (Lachesis atrox), immunity from bite of,238.Grass-snakes, parotid glands of,147.““withstand large doses of venom,172.Gressin on poisoning from weever-stings,299.de Gries on bites fromBothrops,353,354.Ground rattle-snake,120.See also Sistrurus miliarius.Grunting batrachus.See Batrachus grunniens.Guiana, witch-doctors of, snake-bite remedies,237,238.Guinea-pig, minimal doses of various venoms lethal for,173,174,175.“vaccination against cobra-venom,242.Hæmolysinsof venom, resistance to heat,202.Hæmolysis, failure of, under exposure of red corpuscles to large doses of venom,199,200,201.“in venoms, comparative study of,196.“power of, possessed by various venoms,199.Hæmorrhages produced by albuminoid of snake-venom,162.“visceral, complicating recovery from bites ofViperidæ,177,178.Hæmorrhagin in venoms,187.“local effects of, not prevented by antineurotoxic serum,251.“predominance in venom ofViperidæ,249.Hæmorrhagin, present in some species ofViperidæ,249.“sensitive to heat,249.Hamadryas elaps,37.See also Naja bungarus.Harlequin or coral snake,106.See also Elaps fulvius.Heart, action of venom on,184.Heat, comparative effect on venoms ofColubridæ,HydrophiidæandViperidæ,161.“hæmorrhagin sensitive to,249.“resistance of hæmolysins of venoms to,202.“sole agent in attenuating venom submitted to alternating high frequency currents,165.Heating destroys toxicity of blood of reptiles,218.Hedgehog, immunity of, to venom ofVipera berus,226.““““proved experimentally,226.“blood of, toxic before heating, antitoxic afterwards,226.Heloderma horridum,321.““saliva sometimes toxic, sometimes harmless,323.““venom of,321,322.Hemibungarus,39.“calligaster,40.“collaris,40.“japonicus,40.“nigrescens,40.Henri, V., poison from pedicellariæ prepared by,273.Herons of Colombia hunt young snakes for food,227.““probable immunity to snake-venom,226,227.Hetero-albumoses, active principle of snake-venom,164.“separation from snake-venom,162,163.Heterometrus maurus, venom of,279.“““effect upon sparrows,279.High frequency currents, alternating, attenuate venom only by thermic action,165.Hill, Patrick, on duck-billed platypus,324.Hindus, worship bestowed onNajaby,38.Holbrook onCrotalus confluentus,125.Holocanthus,305.“imperator,305.Homalopsinæ, sub-family ofOpisthoglypha,3.“geographical distribution,4.“aquatic,4.Homorelaps,57.Hoplocephalus,93.“bitorquatus,94.“bungaroides(syn.H. variegatus, broad-headed snake),94.“curtus(Notechis scutatus, tiger-snake),95.“““““bite dangerous,100.“““““secretion of,149.“stephensii,94.Horned rattle-snake,129.See also Crotalus cerastes.Horse, bleeding, aseptically, after vaccination to obtain antivenomous serum,245,246.“immunisation to venom, difficulties attending,244,245.Horse, minimal dose of venom lethal for,176.“polyvalent serum prepared from,251.“red corpuscles of, reasons for choice of, for exposure to action of venom,196,197.“vaccination of, against cobra-venom,244,245.Horse-serum must be added to venom to dissolve washed red corpuscles,197.Hottentots, venom ofBitis arietansemployed for poisoning arrows by,72.Hydrelaps,134.Hydrophiidæ(sea-snakes),100.“bite from, cure,338.““rapidly produces general intoxication,168.“venoms of, resistant to heat,161.Hydrophiinæ(sea-snakes),4,131.““habitat and geographical distribution,4,5.““habits of,131.Hydrophis(sea-snakes),134.““venom from,360.“cærulescens,135.“cantoris,135.“elegans,135.“fasciatus,136.“gracilis,135.“leptodira,136.“nigrocinctus,135.“obscurus(syn.H. stricticollis),136.“spiralis,135.Hydrus,132.Hymenoptera,281.“poison-glands of,281,282.Hypochloride of calcium solution modifies or destroys venoms,164.Hypochlorite of lime, antidote to venom before absorption,261,263.““remedy for wasp- or bee-sting,286.Hypochlorites, alkaline, antidotes to venom before absorption,261.Hypoleucocytosis, accompanying snake-bite, in lethal cases,211,212.“following fatal dose of venom,216.Immunityto venom, active, incontestably possible,240.““doubtful, by Vatuas’ method,239.““hereditary, pretended,238.““““in India and Egypt,240.““natural,222.““partial, enjoyed by snakes due to diastasic substances in blood,218,219.““in lethal doses not conferred by ingestion of venom,215.India, French Settlements in, collection of venom and treatment of bites from poisonous snakes in,359.“legend relating toNajain,37.“mortality from snake-bite in,2,38,363.““““excessive, due to snake-worship,2.“““Najabites,38.India, poisonous snakes inhabiting,30-57.““snake-charmers in,229-234.“““remedies for bites,237.“Teuthisfound in,301.Indian Ocean,Chilomycterus orbicularis andC. tigrinus,307.““Naseusfound in,301.““Plotosusfound in,308.““Pteroisfound in,296.““Scorpæna diabolusfound in,293.““Tetrodon stellatusfound in,306.Inoculation, experimental, by Fraser, of Edinburgh,235.“extraction of venom from alcatifa for,239.“graduated, by French viper-catchers,234.“immunity incontestable from,240.“subcutaneous, productive of immunity,234.Insects, venomous species of,281.Invertebrata easily killed by venom inoculation,173.Jacolot, on Mexicans’ method of immunisation,255-257.Japan,Cryptobranchus japonicusfound in,315.“Prionurusfound in,301.“Tetrodon rubripesfound on shores of,306.“““See alsoChina and Japan.Jararacussu (Lachesis lanceolatus),112,113,114.Jean, bite fromTrigonocephalus,352.Jugglers called in to expelefas(echis carinatus) from Egyptian houses,77.Julus,280.