Kanthack, A. A., on chemical constituents of venom,160.Kasauli, laboratory for production of antivenomous serum at,248,252.Katipo(Latrodectus scelio),275.Kayalof, Mlle., poison from pedicellariæ prepared by,273.Kidney, action of venom on,183.Kinase in snake-venoms,204.Kinasic properties of venom, how produced,213.“““See alsoDiastasic actions.King cobra.See Naja bungarus.Kipling, Rudyard, account of battle between mongoose and cobra,223.Kobert, poison fromLatrodectusandEpeiraprepared by,276.Krait,30.See also Bungarus.Krefft, Gerard, on snakes of Australia,81,82.Kyes, lecithide from scorpion-venom,278.“on relation of toxins to antitoxins,254,255,257.“the production of lecithides,197,199.Labaria(Lachesis atrox),114.Labial glands, upper, venomous secretions,147.Laboratories for preparation of antivenomous serum,248,252.de Lacerda, on diastatic actions of venoms,212.“Elaps,108.“harmless ingestion of venom exceeding lethal dose,214.Lacertidæ,321.Lachesis,51,109,111.“bite of, clinical symptoms,169.“““primarily local, violent,169.“classification of species,52.“venom of, absorption by digestive system, cause of acute inflammation of gastric mucous membrane,180.““rich in kinase,204.“alternatus,115.“ammodytoides,117.“anamallensis,56.“atrox(grage), immunity from bite of,238.““(labaria),114.“aurifer,119.“bicolor,119.“bilineatus,118.“borneensis,57.“brachystoma,118.“cantoris,53.“castelnaudi,117.“ferox(grage), bites from, cure,351.“flavomaculatus,55.“flavoviridis,53.“godmani,118.“gramineus,55.““venom of, dose lethal for rabbit,175.“jerdonii,54.“lanceolatus(fer-de-lance, or jararacussu),112.““description and habits,113,114.““mortality from bite of,113.““secretion of,150.““venom of,325.“““coagulant action on blood,191.“““““diminishes when heated,191.“lansbergii,118.“lateralis,119.“luteus,54.“macrolepis,56.“microphthalmus,114.“monticola,52.“mucrosquamatus,54.“mutus(bushmaster or surucucu),112.“neuwiedii(urutù),115.“nigroviridis,119.“nummifer,117.“okinavensis,52.“pictus,115.“pulcher,114.“puniceus,56.Lachesis purpureomaculatus,54.“schlegelii,119.“strigatus,53.“sumatranus,56.“trigonocephalus,56.“undulatus,118.“wagleri,57.“xanthogrammus,117.Lamb, G., on action of venom on brain,185.“on coagulant action of venom ofVipera russellii,191.Landouzy, Prof., on serum therapeutics,240.Lannoy, on diastasic actions of venoms,212,213.“proteolytic action of venoms,204.“researches of, on glands of snakes,147.Lapeyre, on bites from European vipers,346.Latrodectus,276.“erebus,276.“mactans,275.“malmignattus,275.Lavigne, bite fromTrigonocephalus,354.de Lavison, R., onLachesis lanceolatus,113.Lecithides, production of,191,197,198,199,254,258.““from bee-venom,285.“““scorpion-venom,278.Lecithin, added to venom to dissolve washed red corpuscles,197.“cholesterin antidote to,198.“combination with snake-venom,254.Leipothymia following inoculation of venom ofSynanceia brachio,292.Le Naour, on the spitting snake,63.Leucocytes, protectiverôleagainst snake-poisoning,216.Leucolysin, mode of producing,203.Lewin, experiments on immunity of hedgehog to venom,226.Leydig, researches of,147.Lhomme, bite fromLachesis ferox,351.“collection of venom,156.Light, destructive effect of, on venom in solution,165.Liver, action of venom on,182.Livingstone, mention ofNaja hajeby,60.Lizards,321-323.“only one species venomous,322.“succumb rapidly to snake-poisoning,172.Lophius,304.“piscatorius,301.“setigerus,303-304.Lucan, passage from, quoted, on immunity of Psylli,240.Lumière, A., and Nicolas, J., on effect of intense cold on venom,166.Lungs, action of venom on,184.Lycodon aulicus, resemblance ofBungarus candidusto,33.Maclaud, bite fromNaja haje,356.Madsen, Th., and Noguchi, H., on ratio between dose of venom and time elapsing till death,177.Mal on Hindu snake-charmers,229.Malaysia, poisonous snakes of,81.Malmignatte,275.Mammals, action ofColubrinevenom on, symptoms and course,171.““““post-mortemfindings,171.““Viperinevenoms on, symptoms and course,171.““““post-mortemfindings,171.Man, minimal dose of venom lethal for,176.“not attacked byBitis gabonica(Gaboon viper),74.Mano de sapo root, eaten by Mexicans during immunisation treatment,236.Maoris’ fear ofKatipo,275.Marchand, on bites from European vipers,339.Mariadassou, P., serum treatment,363-371.Mariapregassam, collection of venom,361.Marotte, onNaja hajebite,356.Martin, C. J., chemical constituents of venom,160.““experiments onPseudechis,162.“““with rats proving harmlessness of ingestion of venom ofPseudechis,181.““on venom ofOrnithorhynchus,324.““and Cherry, on antagonism between toxins and antitoxins,253.““and Smith, MacGarvie, on local and general effects of albumoses derived from snake-venom,163.Martinique, mortality from bite of fer-de-lance in,113.Massasanga,120.See also Sistrurus catenatus.de Maupas onPelias berusbite,357.Mediterranean Sea,Muræna helenafound in,309.““Scorpæna porcusfound in,294.Medulla, substance of, fixation of venom on,186.Meloë(oil-beetles),281.Mexico, inoculation of natives in, successful,235-237.Micropechis,93.“elapoides,93.“ikaheka,93.Milk from mother bitten by poisonous snake causing death of young,181,214.Mimicry, biological laws of, coloration of snakes subject to,15,16.Mitchell, S. Weir, on chemical constituents of venom,160.““fatal results of experimental ingestion of venoms,180.““harmless ingestion of venom exceeding lethal dose,214.Moindrot, H., bites from European vipers,345.Molluscs, poisonous species of,286.Mongoose, battles with hamadryads and cobras,223,224.““victory mainly due to natural agility,225.“immunity to snake-venom,223.“““not absolute,225.“““proved by injections,224,225.Monotremata.See Ornithorhynchus paradoxusorO. anatinus.Mons on bite from horned viper,349.Morgenroth, on combination of venom with lecithin,254.“reconstitution of toxins,257.“and Carpi, lecithide of bee-venom prepared by,285.Mortality from bite ofNajain India,38.““Vipera berus(common viper or adder),27.““poisonous snake-bite; localities:—Australia,100,261.France,3.India,2,38,363.Martinique,113.Mottled Rattle-snake124,125.See also Crotalus confluentus.Moudon, on bite fromCerastes,348.Moult of snake’s skin,16,20.“venom shows greatest activity after,176.Mouse, experiments on, demonstrating neutralisation of venom by antitoxin,254.Mucous membranes, acute inflammation produced by deposit of venoms on,180.Muræna,309.“poison apparatus in buccal teeth,288.“““of,309,310.“helena,309.“moringa,309.Murænidæ,307,309.Murex brandaris,286.“trunculus,286.Murison, Lieutenant C. C., on bite fromEchis carinata,347.Muscles, striated, action of venoms on,184.Muscular apparatus of head of poisonous snakes,11,12,13.Myriopods, venomous species of,280.Naja(cobra),33,59.“habits of species of,37.“legend relating to marks on its neck,37.“mortality from bite of, in India,38.“poison-glands of,148.“venom of, active hæmolysing power possessed by,199.“worship bestowed on, by Hindus,38.“anchietæ,62.“bungarus(OphiophagusorHamadryas elaps, king cobra or hamadryad),37,38.““action of venom,39.““feeds on other snakes,38.““killed by mongoose,223.““method of procuring food,38,39.““vindictiveness of,39.“flava,61.““goldii,62.“hajeorhaie(Egyptian cobra),59.““bites from,356.Naja haje, danger extreme from its boldness in pursuit of victims,60.““dreaded and hunted down in Egypt,60.““employed by Egyptian snake-charmers,61.““secretion of,149.“““tables,150.““worshipped among ancient Egyptians,61.“melanoleuca,62.“nigricollis,62.“samarensis,36.“tripudians(Cobra-di-capello),33-36.““collection of venom from,156,360.““marks produced on skin by bite of,10.““muscular apparatus of head of,11,13.““poison-gland of,11,13.““var.cæca,35.“““fasciata,35.“““miolepsis,36.“““sputatrix,35.“““typica,34.Naseus,301.Natter-jack,318.Neurotoxic and hæmolytic actions of venoms, parallelism between,255.Neurotoxin,191,195.“essential active substance in venoms,187,250.“highly resistant to heat,249.“of scorpion-poison,278.“of toad-venom (bufotenin),320.“potency of antineurotoxic serum against,250,251.“predominance in venom ofColubridæ,249.“present in venoms of some species ofViperidæ,249.Neuwied onElaps,108.New Caledonia, terrestrial poisonous snakes unknown in,100.New Guinea, poisonous snakes of,81-100.New Zealand,Katipofound in, 275.“no poisonous snakes in,100.Nicolas, J., and Lumière, A., on effect of intense cold on venom,166.Noc, on action of different venoms,190,191.“bacteriolytic property of venom, with respect to different micro-organisms,207,208,209.“hæmolytic powers of venoms,196.“study of venom ofOrnithorhynchus,324.Noguchi, H., on action of aniline colours on venom,167.“failure of hæmolysis under large doses of venom,200,201.“and Flexner, cytolytic action of venoms,206.“““investigations on toxicity of snakes’ organs,220.“““on action of snake-serums on red corpuscles,219.““Madsen, Th., on ratio between dose of venom and time elapsing till death,177.Normandy, coast of,Cottusabundant on,292.Notechis,95.“scutatus(syn.Hoplocephalus curtus, tiger-snake),95.“““““bite dangerous,100.““venom of, dose lethal for rabbit,175.Oceania, geographical distribution of genera of poisonous snakes (tables),145.Octopods, poisonous juice exuded by, a means of overpowering prey,287.Ogmodon,82.“vitianus,82.Oil beetles,281.See also Meloë.Ophiogeniin Egypt,228-229.Ophiophagus,37.See also Naja bungarus.Ophthalmia, purulent, produced by snake-venom experimentally,180.“““venom of species ofSepedon,180.Opisthoglypha, group ofColubridæ,3.“sub-families of,3.See also Homalopsinæ,Dipsadomorphinæ,Elachistodontinæ.““slightly poisonous and not dangerous to man,4.Ornithorhynchus paradoxus, orO. anatinus(duck-billed platypus),323.“““““venom of,324,325.“““““action similar to venoms ofViperidæ,324.“““““toxicity very slight,325.Pacific Ocean(Equatorial),Pteroisfound in,296.““(Tropical),Scorpæna diabolusfound in,293.“““Synanceia brachiomost commonly found in,291.“rattle-snake,124,125.See also Crotalus confluentus.Pain, severe, after bite of species ofViperidæ,169.“slight from bite of cobra,169.Panama,Thalassophryne reticulatafound on shores of,303.Pancreatic juice, addition to venom produces kinasic power,213.Paris, brownPelobatesfound near,318.Parotid glands, venomous secretions,147.Pasteur Institute (Lille), poisonous snakes in captivity at,72.“““preparation of antivenomous serum at,245-248.“““rattle-snakes in captivity at,125.“““work and experiments at,189,190,191,204,214,223,224,244-248,267.Paterne, D., bites from European vipers,341.Peal, H. W., on bite fromHydrophiidæ(sea-snakes),338.Pedicellariæ (organs of theEchinoidea), poison prepared from,273.Pediculati,303.Pedlar on chemical constituents of venom,160.Pelias berus(common viper), bite from,339.“““““cure,357.Pelobates fuscus(brownPelobates),318.Pelor,293,296.Percidæ,304.Peritoneum, hæmorrhagic injections of, produced by venoms ofViperidæ,179,180.Permanganate of potash, antidote to venom before absorption,260.““solution, modifies or destroys venoms,164.Philadelphia, laboratory for production of antivenomous serum at,248,252.Philippine Islands, poisonous snakes inhabiting,30-57.Phisalix, experiments of, on venom with alternating currents of high frequency,165.“on effects of emanations of radium on venom,166.“variations in local effects of venoms,176.“venom ofCryptobranchus japonicus,317.“poison from bee-venom prepared by,283.“researches of, on glands of snakes,147.“and Bertrand, experiments on immunity of hedgehog to venom,226.“““preparation of toad-venom,319.Phoorsa.See Echis carinatus.Phrynolysin,320.“extracted from skins of toads,320.Physiology of experimental poisoning,170.Physostomi,307.Pig, destruction of vipers and rattle-snakes by,125,222,226.“immunity to snake-venom due to defence provided by adipose tissue,222.“serum, devoid of antitoxic substance,222.Pigeons, vaccination against rattle-snake-venom,241.“killed by causing them to ingest venom,180.Pinto, Col. S., on immunity to inoculation,238,239.Platurus,140.“colubrinus,141.“laticaudatus,141.“muelleri,141.“schistorhynchus,141.Plectognathi(familyGymnodontes),305.Pliny on salamanders,312.“treatment of poisonous snake-bites,259.Plotosus,308.“lineatus,308.““poison-apparatus of,308.Plutarch on snake-charmers,228.Poison-apparatus ofCottus,293.“Muræna,309,310.“Plotosus lineatus,308.“Scorpæna,294.“snakes,8.“Synanceia,291.“Trachinus(weevers),297,298,299.“venomous fishes,289.Poison-fang,8.“action of,148.“ofProteroglyphagrooved,4,“Viperidæcanaliculate,5.Poison-gland of Hymenoptera,281,282.Poison-gland of non-venomous snakes,217.“venomous snakes,10,11,12,13.Polistes,285.Pompilus,285.Pondicherry, collection of venom at,156-158.“Hospital, collection of venom, method,362.“public notice in,recapture of poisonous snakes,360.Prairie rattle-snake,120.See also Sistrurus catenatus.Pravaz syringe, injection of serum with,263.Precipitins of venoms,202.Prionurus,301.Pröscher on extraction of phrynolysin from skins of toads,320.Proteids, extraction from snake-venom,163.Proteolytic action of venoms,204.“““extent and limitations,205.Proteroglypha(group ofColubridæ),4.“bite rapidly produces general intoxication,168.“poison-fangs of, grooved,4.“sub-families of,4.See also Hydrophiinæ;Elapinæ.Proto-albumoses, active principle of snake-venom,164.“separation from snake-venom,162,163.Pseudechis,87.“venom of, experiments on,162.““ingestion by rats harmless,181.“australis,88.“cupreus,88.“darwiniensis,88.“ferox,88.“microlepidotus,88.“papuanus,88.“porphyriacus(black snake),88.““““bite dangerous,100.““““secretion of,149.“scutellatus,88.Pseudelaps,84.“diadema,85.“harriettæ, So.“krefftii,85.“muelleri,84.“squamulosus,84.“sutherlandi,86.“warro,86.Pseudocerastes persicus,47.Psylli, Egyptian charmers and healers,228-229.“Roman charmers and healers,228.“““““Lucan on,240.Pterois,293,295-296.Puff adder,69.See also Bitis arietans.Putrefaction, rapid, following death from snake-bite,211,212.Pyramids, viper of (Echis carinatus),76.Queensland, mortality from snake-bite slight in,100.Rabbit, experiments on, demonstrating neutralisation of venom by antitoxin,255.“minimal doses of various venoms lethal for,173,174,175.“vaccination against cobra-venom,243.Rascasse,296.Rat, P., on common viper’s bite,358.“ingestion of venom ofPseudechisharmless to,181.“minimal doses of various venoms lethal for,174.Rat-serum, bacteriolytic action of venom not comparable to,208.Rattle-snake, common,125.See also Crotalus durissus.“dog-faced,124.See also Crotalus terrificus.“ground,120.See also Sistrurus miliarius.“horned,129.See also Crotalus cerastes.“Pacific, or mottled,124.See also Crotalus confluentus.“prairie,120.See also Sistrurus catenatus.“Texas,124.See also Crotalus scutulatus.“venom, vaccination of pigeons against,241.Red Sea,Naseusfound in,301.Reichert on chemical constituents of venom,160.