Accancea.SeeQuapaw.Agriculture—among Sauk and Foxes,40of the Arikara,179of the Mandan,127of the Osage,106Algonquian family—characteristics of villages of,7general movement of groups of,3groups comprising western division of,1largest north of Mexico,43villages of, described,1Al-le-ga-wa-ho's village,97Allen, J.A., book by, on the buffalo,7Allouez, Père, mission conducted by,122Amahami—once united with the Hidatsa and Crow,140village of, on Knife River,125,141American Fur Company—post of,75trade of, with Sioux,61Animals—domestic, lack of, among the Iowa,114domestic, of the Kansa,90of the Dakota country,4SeeBuffalo, Dogs, Game.Arapaho—an Algonquian group,1country occupied by,33-34habitations of,34Arapaho village—described by Fremont,36-37photograph of,37Arbor entrance, a Siouan feature,122Archithinue natives, name applied to Blackfeet,25,26Arikara—a Caddoan group,2encampments of, visited by Lewis and Clark,23hostility of, to whites,176,179Mandan village occupied by,139migration of,167,169-170pottery of,174settlement of, near Fort Berthold,147skilled agriculturists,179warfare of, with Sioux,70Akikara villages—described by Brackenridge,172,173described by Bradbury,172described by Maximilian,175-176on the Missouri,168sites of,168-169sketched by Catlin,175Ark of the first man,129,132Arkansa.SeeQuapaw.Arkansas band, a division of the Osage,98Assiniboin, a Missouri River steamboat,130trip of, to the Yellowstone River,142Assiniboin tribe—alliance of, with Cree,71camp of, described by Maximilian,75-76country occupied by,71location and number of,32of the Dakota-Assiniboin group,2on the march,73,74relation of, to other tribes,44separated from Yanktonai,71structures of,71,72,73,76-77with Cree, at Mandan village,74Assiniboin village—size of,73,74movement of,73,74Atsina, a division of the Arapaho,1,25allied with tribes of the Blackfeet confederacy,25,34fortified camps of,34incorporated with the Assiniboin,25various names for,34Atsina village, described by Maximilian,35Avenue, pottery on site of,112Awachawi, an Hidatsa village,142Awatichay, an Hidatsa village,142Ayauways, excursions of, against the Osage,98Bark-covered lodges—as summer habitations,38,51,84as winter habitations,51employed in timber country,184-185erected by the Dakota,44of the Kansa,95of the Mdewakanton,50of the Ojibway,9-13,16,17,56of the Osage,98of the Oto,120of the Quapaw,109of the Sauk and Foxes,39Basketry—of the Arikara,169of the Osage,103Beauregard, Mrs. N.H., copy by, of manuscript,90Beds—of the Caddo,183of the Kansa,92of the Mandan,133,134Bellevue, a trading post on the Missouri,81Big-bellied Indians.SeeAtsina.Big Kaw, an Oto Indian,117Big Knives, Kansa name for the whites,89Big Track, an Osage chief,98Birch bark structures,9-13SeeBark-covered lodges.Blackfeet confederacy, tribes composing,1,25Blackfeet Indians—camps of, described by Maximilian,28ceremonial lodges of,33country inhabited by,27,32descriptions of,25-28manner of living,33number of,32warlike nature of,28war party of,31SeeSiksika.Black Hawk, birthplace of,38Black Hills, no permanent Indian settlement in,70Blood Indians—country occupied by,27,32number of,32SeeKainah.Bodmer—painting by, of Atsina village,35painting by, of chief's lodge,76painting by, of Mandan village,133drawing by, of tipis,58sketch by, in Newberry Library,143Bowls, wooden, of the Mandan,137Bradbury, visit of, to Omaha village,78Brulés, a Teton band,2Brush shelters of the Assiniboin,75Buffalo—Arikara offering to,174hunting of,4-7importance of, to the Indian,3-4manner of traveling,72Buffalo Hunt—described by Fremont,35-36of the Oglala,68Buffalo pounds,5-6use of, by Blackfeet,26Buffalo skulls, a charm to entice buffaloes,62-63Buffalo Society, Omaha, dance given by,82Buffalo trails, followed by Indians,7Bull-boat—characteristic of upper Missouri,129of the Hidatsa,146-147Burials—Omaha,78Oto,120scaffold, mention of,50-51Caches—described by Fletcher and La Flesche,80described by Matthews,150exposed by railroad cut,82for storage of corn,126Omaha, described by Gilden,83,84on elevated stage,12Caddo—a tribe of the Caddoan family,2country occupied by,155,182described by Joutel,182-183Caddoan family—confederacies of,2country occupied by,1earth lodge characteristic of,7-8general movement of,3tribes composing,2Cahokia tribe, village of,41Cannon River, village near mouth of,50Canoes—birch-bark,15-16made of buffalo skins,94of the Arikara,172of the Hidatsa,141Oto,121SeeBull-boat.Cappa, a Quapaw village,109Castañeda, thatched houses mentioned by,179Catlin, George—among the Mandan,128among the Teton,61Arikara village sketched by,175collection of paintings by, in National Museum,15,129,141,175incorrect drawings by, of earth lodges,149Indian portraits painted by,62Ojibway camp described by,15Caves, in the Ozarks, occupied by Indians,107Ceremonial lodge—of the Crows,155of the Hidatsa,144of the Ojibway,13of the Quapaw,111of the Sun dance,63SeeMedicine lodge.Ceremonial shelter, temporary, of the Cree and Ojibway,18-19Ceremonies, Arikara, in medicine lodge,178Chatique, an Assiniboin chief,71Chaui, a tribe of the Pawnee confederacy,2Cherokees, migration of remnant of,2Cheyenne Indians—an Algonquian group,1described by Lewis and Clark,24in Arapaho village,36lodges of, for special purposes,25lodges of, like Pawnee,24,25territory occupied by,21various habitations of,22Cheyenne village sites—described by Grinnell,22-23mentioned by Lewis and Clark,23Chiefs, decorations on lodges of,67,76Childs Point, ruins on,82Chippeway—treaty of, with Sioux,15SeeOjibway.Chiwere group of Siouan tribes,2habitations of,113tribes composing,112Choctaw, temporary village of,110Cholera among the Oglala,64Chote, town house at,118Circles—of earth,21,28,30of stone,20,21Clarmont, French name of Osage chief,103Clothing—made of buffalo hides,3,4of the Kansa,94Club, wooden, of the Mandan,138Cocking, Matthew, journey of,26-27Colbert, first name of Mississippi River,109Corn, cultivation of,39,40,106,127,179Coronado expedition, thatched houses seen by,179Council Bluffs, origin of the name,115,157Council house—of the Kansa,92-93of the Ojibway,16of the Oto,117of the Teton,60Cree Indians—habitations of,17-21language of,17population of,18,19related to Ojibway,17loving disposition of,19territory inhabited by,1,18,19with Assiniboin at Mandan village,74SeeKnistenaux.Crow Indians—a tribe of the Hidatsa group,2arrangement of camps of,154ceremonial lodge of,154-155country inhabited by,151,152-153described by Larocque,151lodges of, described,152-154separation of, from the Hidatsa,150wandering habits of,153Custer, General, mention of,70Customs—of the Blackfeet,26-27of the Cree,18-19of the Ojibway,8-11,13,17of the Omaha,85-87of the Osage,105-106of the Pawnee,163-165of the Sauk and Foxes,39-41of the Teton,60-61of the Wahpeton,53of the Yanktonai,54-57Dakota-Assiniboin group,2country occupied by,44habitations of,44-45tribes composing,44Dance—of the Teton,60SeeDog dance, Sacred dance, Sun dance, War dance.De Smet, Father, at the Kansa villages,95-96Decoration of lodges,28,67,75-76,78,85Delaware Indians—abandoned settlement of,42-43log cabins built by,42migration of remnant of,2,3Dhegiha group,2migration of,77Dodge, Col. R. I., with expedition into Black Hills,70Dog dance of the Kansa,93Dog feast, painting of,15Dog travois,19-20,55,65,76Dogs—as a sacrifice,52,61as beasts of burden,28as food,28,53,54as sacred animals,53use of, for transportation,72,73SeeDog travois.Dorsey, J. O., Omaha structures described by,85Douay, Père Anastasius, Quapaw villages mentioned by,110Dwellings.SeeLodges, Tipi, Wigwam.Earth circles—explanations of,21noticed by Maximilian,28,30Earth lodge—Arikara,170,173,176characteristic of Missouri River tribes,185Cheyenne, no pictures of,24erected by Caddoan tribes,8Gros Ventres,148Hidatsa,142interior of,81,161-162Mandan,128,130,132,133most accurate drawing of,143not in tribal circle,84Omaha,79-80,82-83Oto,115,116,117Pawnee,156,161-162suggestive of Creek and Cherokee council house,185used by Dhegiha group,77Earthenware—in the Ozark country,107SeePottery.Earthworks, attributed to Dhegiha group,77Eastman, Capt., painting by,51,54Elah-Sa, an Hidatsa village,142Ellsworth, H. L., expedition led by,116,159-161Elm bark, structures of,16,17,39SeeBark-covered lodges.Engineer Cantonment, winter quarters of Long expedition,157Entrance—to earth lodge,149to Winnebago dwelling,122Environment, influence of—on form of dwelling,184on manners and customs,8Fall Indians, location and number of,32SeeAtsina.Fall of the Rapid Indians, a name for the Atsina,34