Falls of St. Anthony—Indian camp at,15named by Father Hennepin,45Feasts—given by Blackfoot chief,29of the Cree,18-19of the Teton Sioux,61-62Fish, method of curing,10Floor mats, method of making,41Food—method of cooking illustrated,10of the Mandan,127,136of the Ojibway,8-9of the Osage,104,105-106SeeAgriculture, Buffalo, Corn, Dogs, Fish, Game.Fool Chief, a Kansa chief,96village of,97Fort Berthold, tribes near,147Fort Clark—erection of,176Mandan village near,130,139,140SeeFort Osage.Fort Crawford, establishment of,184Fort de Bourbon—location of,72mention of,71Fort des Prairies, mention of,72Fort John, destroyed by North American Fur Company,69Fort Laramie, description of,69Fort Leavenworth, early description of,116Fort Lookout, treaty concluded at,57Fort Osage—later named Fort Clark,99village near,100Fort Pierre—gathering of Yankton near,57,59sketch of,63Fort Snelling—encampment at,15establishment of,184Fort Union—Assiniboin camp at,75stay at, of Friedrich Kurz,76visit at, of Maximilian,142Fort Yates, villages near,22Fortified Villages—Arikara,168,171,172Hidatsa,147Mandan,123,131Forts built by Indians,34,35Fox Indians—habitat of,1present location of,38visited by Long,38SeeSauk and Foxes.Fremont, arrival of, at Kansa towns,96Fur trade of the Teton,61Furs, huge quantities of, collected by Sauk and Foxes,40Game—abundance of, at Isle au Vache,91SeeAnimals, Buffalo, Hunting.Games—played by the Omaha,81space for playing,129Gilder, R. F., village site identified by,82Gilfillan, Dr. J. A., missionary among the Ojibway,11Grand Pawnee—visit to, of Long expedition,158SeeChaui.Grant, Peter, Ojibway dwellings described by,9-10Grass lodge—as temporary shelter,13-14of the Caddo,183of the Wichita,179-180photograph of,180Great Osage, an Osage band,98Grinnell, George B., erection of medicine lodge described by,33Gros Ventres.SeeHidatsa.Gros Ventres of the Missouri, a name applied to the Hidatsa,141Gros Ventres of the Prairie, a name applied to the Atsina,34,141SeeAtsina.Habitations.SeeLodges, Tipi, Wigwam.Ha-won-je-tah, a Teton Sioux chief,61,62Hendry, Anthony, Journal of,25Henry, Alexander, travels of, through Assiniboin country,71-73Hidatsa group, tribes composing,2,140Hidatsa tribe—ceremonial lodge of,144creation myth of,143temporary lodge of,147winter village of,143,149SeeMinnetarees.Hidatsa villages—descriptions of,142-143,145-146,148-150Indian drawings of,139location of,141near Fort Berthold,147painting of, by Catlin,141plan of,145sites of, compared with Mandan,146temporary, for winter use,149Hime, Humphrey Lloyd, photographs made by,12Hind Expedition—camp sites observed by,20-21Ojibway structures encountered by,12Hoe, made by Arikara,177Horse travois,30,65,66Horseracingof the Blackfeet,31Horses, housed in lodges of the Mandan,126House Rings,20,21,22,28,30Hudson's Bay Company—journals of traders of,25trade of, with the Blackfeet,27trading post of,76Hunkpapa, a Teton band,2Hunting—customs of the Osage,103,106customs of the Sauk and Foxes,40excursions of the Mandan,126excursions of the Omaha,85-87grounds used for, by Oto,116of antelope, a method of,6of buffalo,4-7parties of the Mandan,136trips of the Pawnee,166-167Illinois confederacy, villages of,41-43Illinois Indians—village of,41west of the Mississippi,1Implements—agricultural, of the Arikara,177flint, on Omaha village site,82,83for skin dressing,138stone, found on White River,108Indian Peace Commission, visit of, to Fort Laramie,69Iotan, an Oto chief,117Iowa tribe—appearance of villages of,113belonging to Chiwere group,2brief description of,114closely connected with Winnebago,122habitations of,114migration of,113Iron Bird, an Osage chief,103Irvin, Samuel M., missionary among the Iowa,114Irving, Washington—deserted village described by,105Indian symbols mentioned by,43Ish-tal-a-sa's village,97Isle au Vache—brief history of, by Remsburg,94council at, between Kansa and Long party,91location of,94remains near,91Issati village, site of,45Itazipcho, a Teton band,2SeeSans Arcs.Jackson, W. H., photographs made by,162Jaramillo, Juan, an officer of the Coronado expedition,179Jonglerie, or medicine lodge,16-17Journals of traders, Blackfeet described in,25Joutel—account by, of Quapaw villages,109Caddo tribe described by,182-183Kainah, a tribe of the Blackfeet confederacy,1,25Kane, Paul—Ojibway wigwam described by,10paintings by,20,77Kansa Indians—a tribe of the Dhegiha group,2,77attack on, by Pawnee,96dress of,94migration of,89population of,89,95variety of dwellings of,97villages of, described,90,92,95-96,97visit of, to the Oto,121Kaposia, village of,50,51Kingfisher, an old Ojibway,12Kitkehahki, a tribe of the Pawnee confederacy,2Knistenaux—at Mandan village,74language spoken by,74location and number of,32SeeCree.Kurz, Friedrich—among the Omaha,81at Fort Union,76sketches by,20,63,121La Flesche, Joseph, an Omaha chief,82La Harpe, meeting of, with the Quapaw,110La Petit Corbeau, a Sioux chief, village of,38La Salle expedition,109,182La Verendrye expedition,73-74,122Lac de L'Isle Croix, Cree bands along,18Lahcocat, an Arikara village,169Lake Huron, encampment on islands of,10Lake Superior, structures on shores of,9Larocque, Antoine, visit of, among the Crows,151Le Raye, references in journal of, to the Arikara,168Leavenworth, establishment of,184Lewis and Clark expedition, villages visited by,23,34,60,74,75,78,89,90,114-115,124-126Lindenwood College, manuscript journal in possession of,90Liquor, use of, among Indians,75Little Dog, a Piegan Indian,30Little Osage, an Osage band,98Little Osage River, Osage villages in valley of,99Little Raven, village of,48,49,50Lodges.SeeBark-covered lodges, Ceremonial lodge, Earth lodge, Grass lodge, Log houses, Mat-covered lodge, Skin lodge, Thatched lodge, Tipi, Traders lodge, Wigwam.Log Cabins—built by Cree,18of the Delaware,42SeeLog houses.Log Houses—construction of,48of Fox Indians,38of Sioux chief,39of upright posts,48,49,50Long, Maj. Stephen H., expedition under command of,47,157Louisiana Purchase, change of conditions due to,184Low Horn, a Piegan chief,30Ludlow exploring party,70Mahawha, village of the Amahami,125Malta, Mo., former Osage village near,99Mandan—a Siouan tribe,2history of,125settled near Fort Berthold,147village sites of, compared with Hidatsa,146Mandan villages—described by Catlin,128,129-130described by Maximilian,130-132deserted,124French expedition to,122-123Indian drawings of,139occupied by Arikaras,176plan of,131Manitobah House, wigwam near,12Manners and customs.SeeCustoms.Marquette, Père—Illinois tribes visited by,41Osage villages listed by,98Quapaw villages reached by,108Marston, Major M., life of Sauk and Foxes described by,39-41Martin, Captain, stay of detachment of, at Isle au Vache,91Mat-covered lodge—as winter habitation,38of the Kansa,91,92of the Osage,98,99,100used by Dhegiha group,77Matootonha, a Mandan village,125Mats, rush, method of making,41Matthews, description by, of Hidatsa villages,148-150Maximilian, villages visited by,19,28,29,35,88,130-136,175-176Mdewakanton tribe—a division of the Dakota,2,44sites of settlements of,15villages of,45-52Medicine, meaning of the term,164Medicine bag of the Dakotas,55Medicine feast—of the Hidatsa,143-145of the Mandan,135,136Medicine lodge—Arikara,172-173,178ceremony of erecting,33of the Blackfeet,33of the Mandan,129Ojibway,12,13,16-17Metaharta, a Minnetaree village,125,126Michigamea—an Illinois tribe,41position of village of, not determined,112visited by Marquette,41Mĭdé lodge of the Ojibway,13,19Mih-tutta-hangusch, a Mandan village,128,130,131Mille Lac, village sites on,45-46Miniconjou, a Teton band,2Minnetarees—intrenchments made by,34population of village of,126winter village of,143SeeHidatsa.Minnetarees of Fort de Prairie, a name for the Atsina,34Mississippi River, first name of,109Missouri tribe—ancient village of,121connected with Winnebago,122of the Chiwere group,2remnants of, with the Oto,114Mortars—stone, in the Ozark country,107,108wooden, of the Arikara,177National Museum—bone scrapers in,59collection in, of paintings by Catlin,15,129,141,175Oto specimens in,121Newberry Library, sketch in, by Bodmer,143Nicollet, visit of, to the Winnebago,122Niobrara River, early name of,88Nuttall, Thomas, journey of,103,110,111Ochkih-Hadda, the evil spirit of the Mandan,132,142O'Fallon, Maj., commissioner with Long expedition,157Oglala—a Teton band,2country occupied by,63epidemic of cholera among,64log lodges of,67moving of village of,64-65skin lodges of,68wanderings of,44Ohio Valley, ancient village sites of,102Ojibway—ceremonial structures of,18-19habitations of,8-17location of villages of,1meeting of, with Sioux, to establish peace,15territory claimed by,8village sites of,15SeeChippeway.Omaha tribe—manners and customs of,85-87meaning of the name,108migration of,77of the Dhegiha group,2,77Omaha villages,77-87destroyed by fire,78One Stab, an Oglala head-man,70Oohenonpa, a Teton band,2Osage Indians—